1,152,816 results on '"Robert, P."'
Search Results
2. An Abbreviated Form of the WISC-R: Is It Valid?
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Resnick, Robert J.
- Abstract
The completed WISC-R's (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) of 76 white urban children with academic problems (6 years, 0 months to 15 years, 9 months) were rescored utilizing the Satz and Mogel criteria for an abbreviated intelligence measure. Extremely high correlations for IQ's (.96 - .98) and subtests (.66 - .95) were found. However, when mean differences between complete WISC-R and the shortened form were examined, significant differences between administrations were found. Furthermore, one third of the subjects showed changes in intelligence classification levels when the abbreviated form was used. Thus, two of the three criteria previously suggested for a valid abbreviated intelligence test of: (1) high correlation between administration forms; (2) non significant t-tests between the abbreviated and standard form mean IQ; and (3) low percentage of IQ classification change with the administration of the short form were not met. It was concluded, however, that the abbreviated WISC-R may be appropriate when intelligence is a question relative to candidacy for therapy or as a non-critical, general indication of intelligence when IQ classification is not important and/or assessment time is limited. (Author/RC)
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- 2024
3. Relationships Between Teachers' Marks, Achievement Test Scores and Aptitude as a Function of Grade, Ethnicity and Sex.
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Texas Univ., Austin. Research and Development Center for Teacher Education., Borich, Gary D., and Peck, Robert F.
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Logical predictions about relationships between school aptitude and standardized achievement, aptitude and teachers' grades, and teachers' grades and standardized achievement can be made from the literature. These predictions are that (1) conventional school aptitude measures should predict standardized achievement test scores equally well for boys and girls but better for advantaged than disadvantaged children; (2) teachers' marks are more accurate for girls than for boys when judged against the sexes' standardized achievement test scores; are more accurate for middle-class than for disadvantaged children; and are least accurate for disadvantaged black males; and (3) teachers consistently give girls higher grades than boys but there are no important differences between boys' and girls' achievement when measured by standard achievement tests. The present study was conducted to test the strength of the relationships between pupil aptitude, standardized achievement and teachers' grades and to determine the percent of variance in grade point average accounted for by aptitude and standardized achievement in a representative sample of fifth- and ninth-grade Mexican-American, Black and Anglo students. (Author/RC)
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- 2024
4. Development and Standardization of Parallel Forms of the Curry-Geis Syllabication Skills Test [including Curry-Geis Syllabication Skills Test Form A and Form B)).
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Curry, Robert L. and Geis, Lynna
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Implicit in most of the recommendations for teaching reading is the inclusion of structural analysis as a part of the instructional program for developing skills in word recognition. This study focused on the development and standardization of a criterion referenced syllabication skills test designed to evaluate the individual proficiency of college students and inservice teachers. The 100-item test presents a word and four possible syllabications of that word from which the respondent must select one. Conclusions from the examination of the results of the data analysis obtained in the study were: (1) the test was valid and reliable for determining college students' abilities to apply syllabication skills; (2) parallel forms of the Syllabication Skills Test were developed and can be administered in approximately 40 minutes; (3) the arbitrary criterion level of 85 percent accuracy was logical in that the means of the tests were very similar to the established criterion level; and (4) judges in the field of reading considered the tests to be of educational value in the preparation of teachers. Copies of the Curry-Geis Syllabication Skills Test, Form A and Form B are included. (RC)
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- 2024
5. Nurses Improve Their Personal Communication.
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Miltz, Robert J.
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A three-day seminar for nurses was conducted to improve their ability to communicate effectively with other people. The method used in this seminar was microteaching. The basic ingredients of the microteaching concept are the communication techniques dimension, the teach-reteach dimension, and the immediate feedback dimension. Under the direction of a supervisor and working with others in the seminar, each participant demonstrated and spoke on the topic of her choice, with the aim of instructing the listeners. Each demonstration was recorded on video tape. The tape was viewed and analysed, followed by direct question and answer sessions and suggestions for improvement by the supervisor. The benefit of immediate feedback and reaction was apparent, and each participant developed more self-confidence as the seminar progressed. The concensus of opinion at the end of the session was that microteaching is a valuable tool not only for improving communication skills but also for improving teaching techniques. (JD)
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- 2024
6. Report of the Louisiana Statewide Planning for Physician Residency Program Committee.
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Louisiana Regional Medical Program, Baton Rouge., Louisiana State Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, Baton Rouge., and Sappenfield, Robert W.
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Preceding the body of the report, a brief review of the literature is provided to acquaint the reader with similarities and differences between national and local trends regarding the demographic characteristics of the physician population. The goal of the statewide residency study was to develop a strategy for the design and allocation of physician residencies consistent with statewide needs. A graphic model of the physician manpower production process was developed which enhanced understanding of the manpower problems facing Louisiana. Through the model, available data, and personal interviews with senior medical students and postgraduate trainees, data were compiled and analyzed regarding the need for physicians in Louisiana in 1982, where and how the number of physicians can be increased, the status of primary care treatment, likely sites for practicing physicians, and related concerns. The general conclusions point to several significant manpower production problems in Louisiana in its preparation for future needs for physician services. The study committee proposed several recommendations to meet the problem. (Appendixes contain supplementary tables and interview forms.) (AG)
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- 2024
7. Developing Job Sheets and Related Aids for Individualized Instruction in the Machine Shop.
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Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Occupational Research and Development Coordinating Unit. and Shipp, Robert E.
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The document is divided according to the four different kinds of sheets presented. The first section contains assignment sheets on 28 machine shop topics and supplementary transparencies. Included in the information presented is the title of the sheet, the unit and occupation to which it applies, the objective, reference for information, directions, and a list of questions. The second section contains sheets on related information, usually dealing with tools or procedures for their use. Twenty-five topics are covered with title, unit, occupation, objective, references, an introduction, and information specified for each sheet. Operation sheets are in section 3; seven operations are included specifying title, unit, occupation, objective, introduction, reference, and procedure for each. The final section contains job sheets for 25 tools used in machine shop. In this section, the title, unit, occupation, objective, information, specifications, materials, tools and equipment, and procedures are outlined. A cross-index is provided, keyed to the job sheets, for relating the job, assignment, operation, and information sheets to each other. (AG)
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- 2024
8. Effective Retail Sales Techniques.
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Ohio Distributive Education Materials Lab. and Canei, Robert A.
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The manual is a 12-hour program for adults who are working or preparing to work as retail salespeople. It can also be used as a summarization manual for high school students. The manual consists of five sessions which take the individual from the human aspect of sales to the related sales technique. The sessions are entitled: employee and customer relations, approaches and presentations, objections and closing the sale, suggestion selling, and sales demonstrations. Each session provides an instructional outline, related methods, and appropriate handouts and transparency originals. The appendix lists keys of session evaluation, promotional devices, suggested films, case studies, and supplementary handouts and transparency masters. (NJ)
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- 2024
9. A Look at Metrics in Distributive Education.
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Ohio Distributive Education Materials Lab. and Canei, Robert A.
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The United States will convert to the metric system of measurement in the near future, and the distributive education programs in high school and at the adult level will have to train the needed personnel for business. The manual gives the basic conversion methods and instruction in teaching metrics. Metric programs conducted for business personnel would be the same as other distributive education programs, with the addition of promotion and publicity releases. The manual includes topical outlines and suggestions for the instructor in five sessions on program management, metric length, metric area, metric volume and capacity, and metric mass (weight). Transparencies testing materials, and student handouts accompany each section. Also included are supplementary materials, film summaries, promotional material, course evaluation sheets, and a list of material sources. (MF)
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- 2024
10. PRACTICAL NURSING IN ILLINOIS--A PROFILE.
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Illinois State Board of Vocational Education and Rehabilitation, Springfield., Illinois Univ., Urbana. Coll. of Education., and TOMLINSON, ROBERT M.
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THIS DOCUMENT, THE FIRST OF FIVE PLANNED REPORTS, PRESENTS THE HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF PRACTICAL NURSING, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ILLINOIS. IT DESCRIBES THE BETTER LICENSING PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS THAT HAVE COME WITH THE INCREASED RECOGNITION OF THE VALUE OF THE OCCUPATION TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. THE REPORT ALSO DESCRIBES A 1600-HOUR CURRICULUM, INCLUDING THEORY AND PRACTICE, SUGGESTED BY THE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION IN 1965. TABLES GIVE DATA ON THE PRESENT BACKGROUND OF THE NURSES (BY EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE), ON THEIR CHARACTERISTICS (MOST NOTABLY, DEVOTION TO THEIR CAREERS AND STABILITY IN THE LABOR MARKET), ON PRESENT EMPLOYMENT IN ILLINOIS AND ADJACENT AREAS, AND ON THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING TO FILL CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS. (HH)
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- 2024
11. Online Student Engagement in the Turkish Context: A Prisma-Based Systematic Review
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Handan Atun, Dincer Cinar, Elif Sengun Oztas, Yasemin Gulbahar, Sa’ad Laws, Alan S. Weber, Robert Bianchi, and Khawla Kittaneh
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The ability to interact or engage with the instructor, other students, and the content i.e., to experience online student engagement, is one main difference between traditional and digital media employed in teaching and learning processes. As literature on this topic in the Turkish context has proliferated, to date, virtually no systematic reviews of this research have been carried out in order to identify potential gaps in the literature. To address this issue, this study investigated previously conducted research in chronological order on student engagement at the post-secondary level in the Turkish context using a PRISMA-based systematic review screening process. The results show that online engagement research and practices have clearly increased and diversified over time. Specifically, online engagement research in the Turkish context has tended to focus on computer science students studying in online-only, LMS-supported environments where their behavioral engagement has been investigated quantitatively. Considering these findings, this systematic review suggests that future studies in the Turkish context should examine other fields besides computer science education, focus more on collaborative tools and the social dimension of engagement, use more qualitative methods, and investigate blended environments as well as online-only.
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- 2024
12. Higher Pay Won't Solve Teachers' Problems: We've Made Teaching 'Too Hard for Mere Mortals.' Statement to the U.S. Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions on 'The Immediate and Long-Term Challenges Facing Public School Teachers: Low Pay, Teacher Shortages, and Underfunded Public Schools'
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American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and Robert Pondiscio
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The author's statement to the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions on the challenges faced by America's classroom teachers focuses on a few of the factors that lead to teacher frustration and burnout that higher pay, however well-intended, does not change. They include, but are not limited to, poor teacher preparation, deteriorating classroom conditions--specifically classroom disorder and disruption--shoddy curriculum, and increasingly the expectation that they will not just teach reading, math, or their subject areas effectively, but also play a quasi-therapeutic role in response to students' behavioral and mental health needs. We are asking teachers to do too many things to do any of them well at any salary.
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- 2024
13. Evaluating the Longer Term Impact of Early College High Schools on Workforce Outcomes
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American Institutes for Research (AIR), Mengli Song, Kristina Zeiser, Kyle Neering, Robert Schwarzhaupt, and Sara Mitchell
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This report describes results from the Long-Term Impact of Early College High Schools Study--funded by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) (#R305A210017)--which aimed to explore the long-term impacts of early college (EC) high schools on students' academic outcomes (e.g., college enrollment, degree attainment) and workforce, financial, and later life outcomes after schooling. In this report--the second follow-up report on our initial EC impact study--we focus specifically on key questions about workforce, financial, and other life outcomes: What were the impacts of ECs on workforce, financial, and other life outcomes in the 12th to 14th years after expected high school graduation? Did the impacts of ECs vary by participant characteristics? This report describes findings which build on a previous EC impact study, which was a multisite student-level randomized controlled trial with randomization based on admission lotteries. The analyses in this report focus on individuals who originally participated in 17 admission lotteries conducted by seven ECs for three cohorts of students, and examined outcomes after formal schooling. Key takeaways include the following: (1) Participants who were admitted to an EC, regardless of whether they attended the EC, did not experience a significant effect on any of the workforce, financial, and other life outcomes measured with survey data 12 to 14 years after expected high school graduation; and (2) EC impacts on workforce, financial, and other life outcomes measured 12 to 14 years after expected high school graduation did not differ significantly by individuals' race/ethnicity, low-income status, or prior achievement. While our initial impact study and first follow-up study found that attending an EC had effects on secondary and postsecondary enrollment, and completion for participants with different background characteristics, we found that attending an EC had no impact on any of the workforce, financial, and other life outcomes that we analyzed 12 to 14 years after participants' expected high school graduation. Future studies could consider examining workforce, financial, and other life outcomes in years before the 12th to 14th year after expected high school graduation using administrative data sources (e.g., IRS or unemployment insurance records). Further research may also examine if other factors, such as EC students' college major or labor market opportunities, influence the impact of ECs on longer-term outcomes.
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- 2024
14. Global Issues in Local Contexts: Japanese University EFL Learners' Reactions to the Development of Relevant and Engaging SDGS Materials
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Robert Sheridan and Kathryn M. Tanaka
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With the growing importance of the United Nations' SDGs, many EFL textbooks addressing the goals have been developed. However, these textbooks generally discuss the applicability of the SDGs in Global South countries, and for university students in Japan, this has resulted in "SDG burnout," as they study the topic but often fail to find meaningful connections to the materials. This article builds on previous research into the efficacy of culturally familiar materials, and it takes SDG education in a new direction through the creation of materials in dialogue with social justice issues. Four lessons were created by the researchers, and as part of the post-reading assignment, learners had the autonomy to choose between culturally familiar or unfamiliar activities related to either the news or popular culture. A 6-point Likert scale was used to gauge student interest, which indicated that the inclusion of social justice issues may positively affect interest. A series of binomial tests revealed that learners preferred culturally familiar activities and activities related to the news. These findings provide important implications for teaching the SDGs as they suggest learners might be most receptive to culturally familiar materials that are based on the news and connected to issues of social justice.
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- 2024
15. Strengthening School Connectedness to Increase Student Success. Overview Brief #29: Student Mental Health and Well-Being
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Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, Results for America, American Institutes for Research (AIR), Johns Hopkins University, Everyone Graduates Center, EdResearch for Action, Robert Balfanz, Angela Jerabek, Krystal Payne, and Jenny Scala
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The EdResearch for Action "Overview Series" summarizes the research on key topics to provide K-12 education decision makers and advocates with an evidence base to ground discussions about how to best serve students. This overview brief discusses the central question: What is the evidence on strategies to build a sense of school connectedness and engagement among all students? Key insights are arranged in the following sections: (1) breaking down the issue; (2) evidence-based practices; and (3) practices to avoid. [The BARR Center and Network for College Success are additional collaborators for this report.]
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- 2024
16. Let's Get Practical! Two Frameworks to Improve Practices of Open Education
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Robert Schuwer and Ben Janssen
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In our Open Educational Resources (OER) advocacy work, we have encountered various challenges considering formulating a vision and policy on Open Education and implementing these visions and policies. Among these issues are a lack of proper definitions and terminology and lack of support for formulating and implementing a vision and policies for Open Education. To tackle these issues, two frameworks are proposed. One framework addresses the categorisation and definition of learning materials (including OER) within an educational ecosystem, emphasising the importance of distinguishing various types of resources. The other framework is meant to support defining a vision on Open Education in a specific context, bridging instrumental characteristics with value-driven goals. Several use cases are described to illustrate practical use of these frameworks. Both frameworks should provide clarity and practical guidance for stakeholders, from governments to individual educators, navigating the complexities of OER adoption and Open Education.
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- 2024
17. Easy-Plane Alignment of Anisotropic Biofluid Crystals in a Magnetic Field: Implications for Rod Orientation
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Deissler, Robert J. and Brown, Robert
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Physics - Biological Physics - Abstract
We study the orientation in a uniform magnetic field of rod-like anisotropic biofluid crystals with an easy plane that makes an oblique angle with the crystal's c-axis. For a sufficiently strong field, these crystalline rods orient themselves such that the crystal's easy plane is parallel to the magnetic field, the rod's direction being defined as the direction of the crystal's c-axis. As the rod rotates about the crystal's hard axis there will therefore be a range of angles that the rod makes with the magnetic field. We detail this behavior by first providing illustrations of hemozoin crystals at various orientations. These illustrations clearly demonstrate that the orientation angle that the crystalline rod makes with respect to the magnetic field varies from about 30 deg to 150 deg. We also derive an analytical expression for the probability density function for the orientation angle. We find that the orientation angles are not uniformly distributed between the limits of 30 deg and 150 deg, but rather tend to cluster near these limits. This suggests experimental tests and addresses confusion about the rod orientation found in past literature. The relevance to other anisotropic biofluid crystals, such as those produced by gout, is also discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures
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- 2024
18. Lightning declines over shipping lanes following regulation of fuel sulfur emissions
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Wright, Chris J., Thornton, Joel A., Jaeglé, Lyatt, Cao, Yang, Zhu, Yannian, Liu, Jihu, Jones II, Randall, Holzworth, Robert H, Rosenfeld, Daniel, Wood, Robert, Blossey, Peter, and Kim, Daehyun
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
Aerosol interactions with clouds represent a significant uncertainty in our understanding of the Earth system. Deep convective clouds may respond to aerosol perturbations in several ways that have proven difficult to elucidate with observations. Here, we leverage the two busiest maritime shipping lanes in the world, which emit aerosol particles and their precursors into an otherwise relatively clean tropical marine boundary layer, to make headway on the influence of aerosol on deep convective clouds. The recent seven-fold change in allowable fuel sulfur by the International Maritime Organization allows us to test the sensitivity of the lightning to changes in ship plume aerosol size distributions. We find that, across a range of atmospheric thermodynamic conditions, the previously documented enhancement of lightning over the shipping lanes has fallen by over 40\%. The enhancement is therefore at least partially aerosol-mediated, a conclusion that is supported by observations of droplet number at cloud base, which show a similar decline over the shipping lane. These results have fundamental implications for our understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, suggesting that deep convective clouds are impacted by the aerosol number distribution in the remote marine environment.
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- 2024
19. 3D-printed axicon enables extended depth-of-focus intravascular optical coherence tomography
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Ruchka, Pavel, Kushwaha, Alok, Marathe, Jessica A., Xiang, Lei, Chen, Rouyan, Kirk, Rodney, Tan, Joanne T. M., Bursill, Christina A., Verjans, Johan, Thiele, Simon, Fitridge, Robert, McLaughlin, Robert A., Psaltis, Peter J., Giessen, Harald, and Li, Jiawen
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Physics - Medical Physics - Abstract
A fundamental challenge in endoscopy is how to fabricate a small fiber-optic probe that can achieve comparable function to probes with large, complicated optics (e.g., high resolution and extended depth of focus). To achieve high resolution over an extended depth of focus (DOF), the application of needle-like beams has been proposed. However, existing methods using miniaturized needle beam designs fail to adequately correct astigmatism and other monochromatic aberrations, limiting the resolution of at least one axis. Here, we describe a novel approach to realize freeform beam-shaping endoscopic probes via two-photon direct laser writing, also known as micro 3D-printing. We present a design achieving approximately 8-micron resolution with a DOF of >0.8 mm at a central wavelength of 1310 nm. The probe has a diameter of 0.25 mm (without the catheter sheaths) and is fabricated using a single printing step directly on the optical fiber. We demonstrate our device in intravascular imaging of living atherosclerotic pigs at multiple time points, as well as human arteries with plaques ex vivo. This is the first step to enable beam-tailoring endoscopic probes which achieve diffraction-limited resolution over a large DOF.
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- 2024
20. Targeting low micro-roughness for 3D printed aluminium mirrors using a hot isostatic press
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Atkins, Carolyn, Chahid, Younes, Lister, Gregory, Tuck, Rhys, Kotlewski, Richard, Snell, Robert M., Livera, Elaine R., Faour, Mariam, Todd, Iain, Deffley, Robert, Shipley, James, Walsh, Tom, Gardstam, Johannes, Bourgenot, Cyril, White, Paul, Davies, Spencer, and Tammas-Williams, Samuel
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Physics - Optics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing) in aluminium using laser powder bed fusion provides a new design space for lightweight mirror production. Printing layer-by-layer enables the use of intricate lattices for mass reduction, as well as organic shapes generated by topology optimisation, resulting in mirrors optimised for function as opposed to subtractive machining. However, porosity, a common AM defect, is present in printed aluminium and it is a result of the printing environment being either too hot or too cold, or gas entrapped bubbles within the aluminium powder. When present in an AM mirror substrates, porosity manifests as pits on the reflective surface, which increases micro-roughness and therefore scattered light. There are different strategies to reduce the impact of porosity: elimination during printing, coating the aluminium print in nickel phosphorous, or to apply a heat and pressure treatment to close the pores, commonly known as a hot isostatic press (HIP). This paper explores the application of HIP on printed aluminium substrates intended for mirror production using single point diamond turning (SPDT). The objective of the HIP is to reduce porosity whilst targeting a small grain growth within the aluminium, which is important in allowing the SPDT to generate surfaces with low micro-roughness. For this study, three disks, 50 mm diameter by 5 mm, were printed in AlSi10Mg at 0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg with respect to the build plate. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was conducted before and after the HIP cycle to confirm the effectiveness of HIP to close porosity. The disks were SPDT and the micro-roughness evaluated. Mechanical testing and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to quantify the mechanical strength and the grain size after HIP., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation VI (Conference 13100, Paper 141)
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- 2024
21. The infrastructure powering IBM's Gen AI model development
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Gershon, Talia, Seelam, Seetharami, Belgodere, Brian, Bonilla, Milton, Hoang, Lan, Barnett, Danny, Chung, I-Hsin, Mohan, Apoorve, Chen, Ming-Hung, Luo, Lixiang, Walkup, Robert, Evangelinos, Constantinos, Salaria, Shweta, Dombrowa, Marc, Park, Yoonho, Kayi, Apo, Schour, Liran, Alim, Alim, Sydney, Ali, Maniotis, Pavlos, Schares, Laurent, Metzler, Bernard, Karacali-Akyamac, Bengi, Wen, Sophia, Chiba, Tatsuhiro, Choochotkaew, Sunyanan, Yoshimura, Takeshi, Misale, Claudia, Elengikal, Tonia, Connor, Kevin O, Liu, Zhuoran, Molina, Richard, Schneidenbach, Lars, Caden, James, Laibinis, Christopher, Fonseca, Carlos, Tarasov, Vasily, Sundararaman, Swaminathan, Schmuck, Frank, Guthridge, Scott, Cohn, Jeremy, Eshel, Marc, Muench, Paul, Liu, Runyu, Pointer, William, Wyskida, Drew, Krull, Bob, Rose, Ray, Wolfe, Brent, Cornejo, William, Walter, John, Malone, Colm, Perucci, Clifford, Franco, Frank, Hinds, Nigel, Calio, Bob, Druyan, Pavel, Kilduff, Robert, Kienle, John, McStay, Connor, Figueroa, Andrew, Connolly, Matthew, Fost, Edie, Roma, Gina, Fonseca, Jake, Levy, Ido, Payne, Michele, Schenkel, Ryan, Malki, Amir, Schneider, Lion, Narkhede, Aniruddha, Moshref, Shekeba, Kisin, Alexandra, Dodin, Olga, Rippon, Bill, Wrieth, Henry, Ganci, John, Colino, Johnny, Habeger-Rose, Donna, Pandey, Rakesh, Gidh, Aditya, Gaur, Aditya, Patterson, Dennis, Salmani, Samsuddin, Varma, Rambilas, Rumana, Rumana, Sharma, Shubham, Mishra, Mayank, Panda, Rameswar, Prasad, Aditya, Stallone, Matt, Zhang, Gaoyuan, Shen, Yikang, Cox, David, Puri, Ruchir, Agrawal, Dakshi, Thorstensen, Drew, Belog, Joel, Tang, Brent, Gupta, Saurabh Kumar, Biswas, Amitabha, Maheshwari, Anup, Gampel, Eran, Van Patten, Jason, Runion, Matthew, Kaki, Sai, Bogin, Yigal, Reitz, Brian, Pritko, Steve, Najam, Shahan, Nambala, Surya, Chirra, Radhika, Welp, Rick, DiMitri, Frank, Telles, Felipe, Arvelo, Amilcar, Chu, King, Seminaro, Ed, Schram, Andrew, Eickhoff, Felix, Hanson, William, Mckeever, Eric, Joseph, Dinakaran, Chaudhary, Piyush, Shivam, Piyush, Chaudhary, Puneet, Jones, Wesley, Guthrie, Robert, Bostic, Chris, Islam, Rezaul, Duersch, Steve, Sawdon, Wayne, Lewars, John, Klos, Matthew, Spriggs, Michael, McMillan, Bill, Gao, George, Kamra, Ashish, Singh, Gaurav, Curry, Marc, Katarki, Tushar, Talerico, Joe, Shi, Zenghui, Malleni, Sai Sindhur, and Gallen, Erwan
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
AI Infrastructure plays a key role in the speed and cost-competitiveness of developing and deploying advanced AI models. The current demand for powerful AI infrastructure for model training is driven by the emergence of generative AI and foundational models, where on occasion thousands of GPUs must cooperate on a single training job for the model to be trained in a reasonable time. Delivering efficient and high-performing AI training requires an end-to-end solution that combines hardware, software and holistic telemetry to cater for multiple types of AI workloads. In this report, we describe IBM's hybrid cloud infrastructure that powers our generative AI model development. This infrastructure includes (1) Vela: an AI-optimized supercomputing capability directly integrated into the IBM Cloud, delivering scalable, dynamic, multi-tenant and geographically distributed infrastructure for large-scale model training and other AI workflow steps and (2) Blue Vela: a large-scale, purpose-built, on-premises hosting environment that is optimized to support our largest and most ambitious AI model training tasks. Vela provides IBM with the dual benefit of high performance for internal use along with the flexibility to adapt to an evolving commercial landscape. Blue Vela provides us with the benefits of rapid development of our largest and most ambitious models, as well as future-proofing against the evolving model landscape in the industry. Taken together, they provide IBM with the ability to rapidly innovate in the development of both AI models and commercial offerings., Comment: Corresponding Authors: Talia Gershon, Seetharami Seelam,Brian Belgodere, Milton Bonilla
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- 2024
22. Geophysical Observations of the 24 September 2023 OSIRIS-REx Sample Return Capsule Re-Entry
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Silber, Elizabeth A., Bowman, Daniel C., Carr, Chris G., Eisenberg, David P., Elbing, Brian R., Fernando, Benjamin, Garcés, Milton A., Haaser, Robert, Krishnamoorthy, Siddharth, Langston, Charles A., Nishikawa, Yasuhiro, Webster, Jeremy, Anderson, Jacob F., Arrowsmith, Stephen, Bazargan, Sonia, Beardslee, Luke, Beck, Brant, Bishop, Jordan W., Blom, Philip, Bracht, Grant, Chichester, David L., Christe, Anthony, Cummins, Kenneth, Cutts, James, Danielson, Lisa, Donahue, Carly, Eack, Kenneth, Fleigle, Michael, Fox, Douglas, Goel, Ashish, Green, David, Hasumi, Yuta, Hayward, Chris, Hicks, Dan, Hix, Jay, Horton, Stephen, Hough, Emalee, Huber, David P., Hunt, Madeline A., Inman, Jennifer, Islam, S. M. Ariful, Izraelevitz, Jacob, Jacob, Jamey D., Clarke, Jacob, Johnson, James, KC, Real J., Komjathy, Attila, Lam, Eric, LaPierre, Justin, Lewis, Kevin, Lewis, Richard D., Liu, Patrick, Martire, Léo, McCleary, Meaghan, McGhee, Elisa A., Mitra, Ipsita, Nag, Amitabh, Giraldo, Luis Ocampo, Pearson, Karen, Plaisir, Mathieu, Popenhagen, Sarah K., Rassoul, Hamid, Giannone, Miro Ronac, Samnani, Mirza, Schmerr, Nicholas, Spillman, Kate, Srinivas, Girish, Takazawa, Samuel K., Tempert, Alex, Turley, Reagan, Van Beek, Cory, Viens, Loïc, Walsh, Owen A., Weinstein, Nathan, White, Robert, Williams, Brian, Wilson, Trevor C., Wyckoff, Shirin, Yamamoto, Masa-yuki, Yap, Zachary, Yoshiyama, Tyler, and Zeiler, Cleat
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
Sample Return Capsules (SRCs) entering Earth's atmosphere at hypervelocity from interplanetary space are a valuable resource for studying meteor phenomena. The 24 September 2023 arrival of the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) SRC provided an unprecedented chance for geophysical observations of a well-characterized source with known parameters, including timing and trajectory. A collaborative effort involving researchers from 16 institutions executed a carefully planned geophysical observational campaign at strategically chosen locations, deploying over 400 ground-based sensors encompassing infrasound, seismic, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and GPS technologies. Additionally, balloons equipped with infrasound sensors were launched to capture signals at higher altitudes. This campaign (the largest of its kind so far) yielded a wealth of invaluable data anticipated to fuel scientific inquiry for years to come. The success of the observational campaign is evidenced by the near-universal detection of signals across instruments, both proximal and distal. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the collective scientific effort, field deployment, and preliminary findings. The early findings have the potential to inform future space missions and terrestrial campaigns, contributing to our understanding of meteoroid interactions with planetary atmospheres. Furthermore, the dataset collected during this campaign will improve entry and propagation models as well as augment the study of atmospheric dynamics and shock phenomena generated by meteoroids and similar sources., Comment: 87 pages, 14 figures
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- 2024
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23. The little coadd that could: Estimating shear from coadded images
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Armstrong, Robert, Sheldon, Erin, Huff, Eric, Bosch, Jim, Rykoff, Eli, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Kannawadi, Arun, Melchior, Peter, Lupton, Robert, Becker, Matthew R., Al-Sayyed, Yusra, and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Upcoming wide field surveys will have many overlapping epochs of the same region of sky. The conventional wisdom is that in order to reduce the errors sufficiently for systematics-limited measurements, like weak lensing, we must do simultaneous fitting of all the epochs. Using current algorithms this will require a significant amount of computing time and effort. In this paper, we revisit the potential of using coadds for shear measurements. We show on a set of image simulations that the multiplicative shear bias can be constrained below the 0.1% level on coadds, which is sufficient for future lensing surveys. We see no significant differences between simultaneous fitting and coadded approaches for two independent shear codes: Metacalibration and BFD. One caveat of our approach is the assumption of a principled coadd, i.e. the PSF is mathematically well-defined for all the input images. This requires us to reject CCD images that do not fully cover the coadd region. We estimate that the number of epochs that must be rejected for a survey like LSST is on the order of 20%, resulting in a small loss in depth of less than 0.1 magnitudes. We also put forward a cell-based coaddition scheme that meets the above requirements for unbiased weak lensing shear estimation in the context of LSST.
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- 2024
24. Deconstructing a Geology Field Trip to Reconstruct around a Pedagogical Framework: A Case Study on the Integration of Cognitive Learning Theories and Learning Progressions
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Erin P. Argyilan, Kristin T. Huysken, and Robert Votaw
- Abstract
Field-based education is an integral component of undergraduate geoscience curricula and provides educational and social benefits associated with enhanced learning. But field excursions can too often end up as simple show-and-tell events and fall short of implementing effective teaching practices and achieving desired student learning gains. Moreover, logistical and economic pressures tend to discourage or create obstacles for the inclusion of field-based activities in undergraduate geoscience programs, especially in commuter-based colleges and universities. This case study shares how a one-day field trip offered at a commuter-based undergraduate campus of Indiana University was deconstructed to identify content-specific learning outcomes, and then reconstructed to a unit-based learning progression. The site-specific geologic content focused on describing and correlating outcrops of Paleozoic sedimentary strata in the Starved Rock area of Illinois. Shifting from a single-day field trip to a multi-session learning progression focused on instructional scaffolding and emphasized formative assessments that integrate cognitive learning theories including retrieval practice, elaboration, spaced practice and dual coding. Common practices of field geologists such as creating sketches of outcrops (dual-coding) were purposefully integrated as meaningful activities with opportunities for peer mentoring and reflection. Restructuring to a three-week unit included pre- and post-trip assessments to enable instructors to identify and address knowledge gaps and facilitate self-driven learning opportunities for students.
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- 2024
25. Understanding the Child Care and Early Education Workforce: The Need for More and Better Data. BASE Knowledge Review Series. OPRE Report 2023-190
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Administration for Children and Families (DHHS), Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), MDRC, MEF Associates, Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, Emily R. Wiegand, Robert M. Goerge, Victor Porcelli, and Cynthia Miller
- Abstract
High-quality, stable child care and early education (CCEE) can have lasting, positive impacts on children. However, the challenges of recruiting, strengthening, and retaining the CCEE workforce are well documented. CCEE educators typically have low levels of formal education and compensation; limited opportunities for education, training, and professional development; inconsistent working conditions; and high levels of stress and burnout. Additionally, the CCEE sector is well known for high turnover rates, which can strain remaining educators and decrease the quality of care they offer. Turnover can also lead to diminishing returns on an organization's professional development investments. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these issues. The Building and Sustaining the Child Care and Early Education Workforce (BASE) project conducted an environmental scan and a literature review to identify and document existing knowledge about the CCEE workforce and strategies to strengthen it. One of the main themes identified from this effort was a need for more and better data on the workforce dynamics of CCEE educators. In particular, data are needed on who enters, advances in, stays in, and exits different roles, settings, and types of CCEE care or leaves the field altogether--as well as when, how, and why they do. This information is important for understanding workforce dynamics and informing the development, evaluation, and improvement of strategies that effectively build and sustain a qualified and stable CCEE workforce. For this reason, the BASE project team conducted a data scan to summarize the landscape of existing data sources that may address these gaps and identify areas where future data collection may be most useful. This brief summarizes the findings from the data scan.
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- 2024
26. Disorder of Attention, Motor Control and Perception in Grade 1 Boys and Girls
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Monique de Milander, Robert Schall, Mareli Willemse, Jason-Paul Buchholz, Stacey-Lauren Fredericks, Hebeth R. Jonck, and Leandrei van den Bergh
- Abstract
Background: Researchers continue to investigate the predictive validity of motor assessment in learners with disorder of attention, motor control and perception (DAMP). Aim: Determine the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD); assess their association in Grade 1 children. Setting: Two primary schools located within 30 km of the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein. Methods: Attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADD/ ADHD) was assessed using the strength and weaknesses of ADD/ADHD symptoms normal behaviour rating scale (SWAN) and DCD using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children -- 2 (MABC-2). Results: One-hundred-and-ninety-five children (97 girls; 98 boys) aged 6 years to 8 years participated. MABC-2 and SWAN data were available for 195 and 182 children, respectively. Across both genders, 180 participants (92.3%) had no, 10 (5.1%) had moderate and 5 (2.6%) had severe motor difficulties. No statistically significant association (p = 0.1537) between gender and DCD was found. Similarly, 31 (17.0%) participants had ADHD subtype ADHD-I, 21 (11.5%) ADHD-H and 11 (6.0%) ADHD-C; no significant associations between gender and ADHD-I (p = 0.5579), ADHD-H (p = 0.4938) or ADHD-C (p = 0.7654) were found. There were no significant associations between DCD and the ADHD subtypes ADHD-I (p = 0.2956), ADHD-H (p = 0.7570) and ADHD-C (p = 1.000). Conclusion: Prevalence of DCD in the current study is higher than elsewhere in the world. No significant association between DCD and ADHD was found. Contribution: The relatively high prevalence of DCD in this South African population and its significance in the motor development of young children.
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- 2024
27. Learning Analytics Intervention Using Prompts and Feedback for Measurement of E-Learners' Socially-Shared Regulated Learning
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Grace Leah Akinyi, Robert Oboko, and Lawrence Muchemi
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The future of university learning in Sub-Saharan Africa has become increasingly digitally transformed by both e-Learning, and learning analytics, post-COVID-19 pandemic. Learning analytics intervention is critical for effective support of socially-shared regulated learning skills, which are crucial for twenty-first-century e-Learners. Socially-shared regulation is the major determinant of successful collaborative e-learning. However, most e-learners lack such skills thereby facing socio-cognitive challenges, due to the unavailability of intelligent support during learning. This research aims to investigate and understand the effect of Learning Analytics instructional support using feedback and prompts, on e-learners' SSRL indicators. A theoretical model was derived from these factors and built from selected features. Both survey data and behavioral trace data were employed in the Learning analytics-based intervention. In this paper, only a segment of the data is discussed. The e-learners' perceptions and feedback confirmed that Learning Analytics-based interventions using prompts and feedback are effective in promoting SSRL in collaborative e-learning contexts. The findings indicated that the success of SSRLA-based intervention be tied to support from instructors and academic counselors, particularly feedback on previous problems and quizzes. This will improve e-learners' SSRL skills for quality educational experience, hence motivate e-learners, and help lecturers to identify at-risk learners in web programming problem-based courses. In conclusion, without adequate utilization of the Learning Analytics interventional trace data, critical information about learners' behavior patterns in terms of their online interactivity with the course activities and their SSRL profiles and strategies cannot be disclosed leading to little improvement of e-Learning interventions.
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- 2024
28. The Impact of the Online Learning Readiness Self-Check Survey with Australian Tertiary Enabling Students
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Robert Whannell, Mitchell Parkes, Tim Bartlett-Taylor, and Ingrid Harrington
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This study reports on two key aspects relating to the use of the Online Learning Readiness Self-Check (OLRSC) survey, which has been proposed as identifying non-traditional students' readiness for online learning, and their strengths and weaknesses in six key areas. The first aspect validates the use of the instrument based on data from 199 students engaged in an online tertiary enabling course at a regional university in Australia. Factor analysis verified the scale structure of the instrument; however, two items were removed prior to the final analysis due to low communality and/or high cross loading with other items. This is followed by an examination of whether the instrument might be useful for the early identification of students who are at risk of disengagement from the enabling program. While it was hypothesised that the instrument, which measured factors such as the quality of interaction with peers and instructors, their capacity to manage technology and how well they managed learning, should have been a useful tool to identify early disengagement, the hypothesis was not supported. No significant associations were identified between any of the instrument's scales and early withdrawal from the course or completion of the first unit of study. Future recommendations for educators are made with a view to improving student engagement.
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- 2024
29. Exploring the Characteristics and Attitudes of Electronic Textbook Users and Nonusers
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Tracey Anderson, Lori Baker-Eveleth, and Robert Stone
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A technological trend influencing society is the provision and adoption of digital books. Digital books are used in education in the form of electronic textbooks (e-textbooks). The research question examined in this manuscript is which students' characteristics and attitudes influence their adoption or non-adoption of e-textbooks? The study explores these characteristics and attitudes of students who have made the decision to become either an e-textbook user or nonuser. The empirical analysis is conducted using 1191 student responses to a questionnaire distributed in a mid-sized university in the western United States. Among these 1191 responses, 530 of the students had used an e-textbook and 661 had not used an e-textbook. The e-textbook user and nonuser groups are studied in three different ways. The first is by examining the counts and percentages for five respondent characteristics. The second way is through statistical tests (i.e., t-tests and multiple analysis of variance) on these characteristics across the groups. The results from these analyses did not identify any meaningful differences in characteristics across the user and nonuser groups. The third way was a content analysis performed on an open-ended question (i.e., What factors influenced you on whether to use an e-textbook?) on the questionnaire. The student e-textbook attitudes discovered from the content analysis showed that for e-textbook users, the cost or price of an e-textbook had a significant influence on e-textbook adoption. Two other attitudes influencing e-textbook users' adoption were usability, both positive and negative. The key attitude of nonusers regarding e-textbook adoption is negative e-textbook usability.
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- 2024
30. The Availability and Use of Assistive Technologies among Pupils with Hearing and Visual Impairments in Zanzibar
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Rukia Khamis Juma and Getrude Robert Ntulo
- Abstract
The study examined the use of Assistive Technologies (AT) among pupils with hearing and visual impairment in selected primary schools in Zanzibar. The study involved 127 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions, and observation. Findings indicated that primary schools in Zanzibar had access to hearing aids, sign language interpreters, braille, and speech recognition software. However, the utilization of these technologies posed challenges for most pupils. While pupils with impairments perceived the positive impact of assistive technologies in learning and performance, they encountered several obstacles, including shortage of devices, insufficient training for both teachers and pupils, lack of qualified teachers for instructing pupils in their use, communication issues with hearing-impaired pupils, negative attitudes toward Assistive Technology, and inadequate quality of available devices. The study recommends that the government allocate substantial funds for the procurement and maintenance of assistive technologies and establish support systems and resource centers to enhance effective utilization of assistive technologies in primary schools. This will ultimately promote inclusivity and improve educational experiences of pupils with hearing and visual impairments in Zanzibar.
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- 2024
31. Federal Student Loans: Education Should Enhance Reporting on Direct Loan Performance and Risk. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-24-106174
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US Government Accountability Office (GAO), Cheryl E. Clark, Melissa Emrey-Arras, and Robert F. Dacey
- Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, the Direct Loan program has grown in size and complexity, with over $1.3 trillion in outstanding loans as of September 2023. This program provides financial assistance to help students and their parents pay for postsecondary education. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to review issues related to Education's Direct Loan program cost estimates. This report examines: (1) the status of Education's planned model for estimating Direct Loan costs; (2) how certain federal and private sector estimation approaches would affect Direct Loan budgetary costs over time; and (3) the extent to which Education provides key information about the performance and risks of the Direct Loan program. GAO reviewed documentation on Education's current student loan model and plans for its new model. GAO analyzed the potential budgetary impact over time of four approaches for estimating the cost of a selected group of loans. GAO identified relevant reports, reviewed reporting guidance for federal loan programs, and interviewed officials from Education, other agency officials, and stakeholders with relevant expertise.
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- 2024
32. International Student Perceptions of an American Educational Leadership Program: A Look at Students Residing in Qatar and Their Quest to Receive an Advanced Degree from an American University
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Robert W. Williams and Alicia Shaw
- Abstract
Transnational Higher Education has become more prevalent and an option that many international students seek. International students choose online education through United States universities for a plethora of reasons including the perceived high quality of US universities, the flexible modality of online education, and the associated reduced costs. This study seeks to examine the perceptions and experiences of international students residing in Qatar as they progress through a United States university's online (hybrid of synchronous and asynchronous) master's degree principal preparation program in Educational Leadership. This phenomenological qualitative study surveys international student candidates at the completion of the program to ascertain their experiences of receiving an advanced degree from a university in the United States. The candidates represent a variety of countries, yet work as teachers in various types of schools in Qatar. This study should add to the growing research of transnational education and help to provide a better understanding of international student insights.
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- 2024
33. Repositioning Corrective Feedback to a Meaning-Orientated Approach in the English Language Classroom
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Robert Weekly and Andrew Pollard
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The practice of Corrective Feedback (CF), which is situated within a Second Language Acquisition (SLA) Paradigm, is currently positioned towards an accuracy-orientated delivery based on native speaker norms. This is despite the recognition in different areas of linguistic research that there is considerable variation in the way that English is spoken around the world. This paper argues that the epistemological assumptions and methodological approaches to investigate CF within an SLA paradigm have various underlying weaknesses that undermine research findings. These findings purport to provide support for an accuracy-orientated CF in the English classroom. However, it is suggested in this paper that a meaning-orientated CF would be more reflective and beneficial for students given the transformative changes that have occurred to English over the past 30 years. This perspective is discussed in relation to one teacher's approach to CF who participated in a larger project which examined CF conducted in a British-Sino University.
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- 2024
34. Building a Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce: A Study on Attracting Learners with Varied Educational Backgrounds
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Mubashrah Saddiqa, Kristian Helmer Kjær Larsen, Robert Nedergaard Nielsen, and Jens Myrup Pedersen
- Abstract
Cybersecurity has traditionally been perceived as a highly technical field, centered around hacking, programming, and network defense. However, this article contends that the scope of cybersecurity must transcend its technical confines to embrace a more inclusive approach. By incorporating various concepts such as privacy, data sharing, and ethics, cybersecurity can foster diversity among audiences with varying educational backgrounds, thereby cultivating a richer and more resilient security landscape. A more diverse cybersecurity workforce can provide a broader range of perspectives, experiences, and skills to address the complex and ever-evolving threats of the digital age. The research focuses on enhancing cybersecurity education to attract a diverse audience through the development and testing of a virtual platform on Haaukins (a cybersecurity training platform) designed with features resembling social media for capture-the-flag exercises. The results show that the cyber training platform effectively engages a diverse group of learners, bridging the gap between traditional technical boundaries and the urgent demand for comprehensive cybersecurity competence.
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- 2024
35. Holland's RIASEC Hexagon: A Paradigm for Life and Work Decisions
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Emily Bullock-Yowell, Robert C. Reardon, Emily Bullock-Yowell, and Robert C. Reardon
- Abstract
The purpose of this book is to examine John Holland's theory of vocational personalities and work environments and extend it to other life decisions that involve effectively matching individuals with their life and work options. It is also intended to refresh the thinking of career counselors, advisors, managers, coaches, and others working in the area of life and career decision-making. We believe that many persons in education, psychology, and business are familiar with Holland's RIASEC theory, and this book explores it beyond the usual boundaries. Indeed, this book focuses on the RIASEC hexagon and theory alone as tools for improving career and life planning. In this way, we believe the theory and hexagon can be used in primary prevention, an intervention focused on the prevention of life/career decision difficulties for many people before they experience such problems. Primary prevention aims to decrease risk factors and increase protective factors in such decision-making. We view this book as a combination of things. First, it can be a refresher for some professionals and students who learned about Holland's RIASEC theory as part of their training and career preparation. It may extend earlier learning about vocational interests to other areas like educational, leisure, and relationship choices. Second, it may help parents, teachers, advisors, retirees, clergy, and students assist others in making good choices about options that match their interests and goals. All of the individuals that assist others in the tasks of career and life planning (e.g., human resource professionals, career counselors) can use this book to better assist clients and employees. In a nutshell, this book is both a lite tutorial for vocational counselors and organizational consultants, and a self-help resource for anyone making career/life decisions. Many of our decisions involve the pursuit of good matches for ourselves and our options, e.g., spouse/partner, job, college, friendships, organizations, teams, charities, political parties, and more. Holland's RIASEC paradigm provides a language, vocabulary, or lexicon that takes much of the guesswork out of this process, and it can be applied in many different match situations. We often use idioms to talk about "matches made in heaven," "meeting of the minds," "find one's match," "meet your match," "meet one's match," and this book helps us understand and enhance such matches using RIASEC theory.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Multi-Year Professional Development Program to Advance Active Learning Pedagogical Practices for Engineering Faculty
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Lydia Ross, Stephen Krause, Eugene Judson, Keith D. Hjelmstad, Robert Culbertson, James A. Middleton, Lindy Mayl, Sara Hoyt, and Kara L. Hjelmstad
- Abstract
Active learning pedagogical practices are more effective than instructor-centered teaching in building students' knowledge, skills, and understanding of engineering content and concepts. As such, a large-scale professional development (PD) program was created to move faculty toward the use of active learning. The project aimed to engage faculty in active learning best practices through workshops and communities of practice to shift their attitudes, beliefs, and practices toward active learning strategies. This paper examines how and to what extent participation in a large-scale PD program shifts faculty awareness of, attitudes towards, and use of active learning. As such, this paper offers a model and evaluation framework for a large-scale PD program, which can be adapted to PD programs in engineering and across other STEM disciplines. In total, 82 faculty members from seven engineering disciplines participated in the PD program, comprising workshops and communities of practice sessions. Multiple assessments were utilized or created to measure the extent of faculty change using Roger's diffusion of innovation model for individual change and Coburn's cultural change model for organizational change. Faculty awareness, beliefs, and classroom practice shifted from instructor-centered teaching toward student-centered active learning. Instructors progressed moderately well through Rogers' five stages of individual innovation change and fulfilled the three tenets of Coburn's organizational change model. There were only minor shifts in student achievement, particularly for smaller classes, possibly due to insufficient time for instructors to fully implement active learning practices. The PD program influenced the initiation of a sustainable community of new and continuing active learning practitioners in the College of Engineering.
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- 2024
37. Protocol for producing hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate for clinical MRI of extracellular pH in aggressive tumors
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Mu, Changhua, Liu, Xiaoxi, Riselli, Andrew, Slater, James, Escobar, Evelyn, Dang, Duy, Drapeau, Scott, Santos, Romelyn Delos, Andosca, Stacy, Nguyen, Hao, Larson, Peder EZ, Bok, Robert, Vigneron, Daniel B, Kurhanewicz, John, Wilson, David M, and Flavell, Robert R
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Physical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Biomedical Imaging ,Cancer ,Biotechnology and bioengineering ,Chemistry ,Clinical Protocol ,Health Sciences ,Metabolism ,Molecular/Chemical Probes - Abstract
Tumor acidosis is one of the hallmarks indicating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Here, we present a protocol for preparing a hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-bicarbonate tissue pH MRI imaging contrast agent to detect aggressive tumors. We describe the steps for the formulation and polarization of a precursor molecule 13C-glycerol carbonate (13C-GLC), the post-dissolution reaction, and converting HP 13C-GLC to an injectable HP 13C-bicarbonate solution. We then detail procedures for MRI data acquisition to generate tumor pH maps for assessing tumor aggressiveness. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mu et al.1.
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- 2024
38. Influence of Cooling duration on Efficacy in Cardiac Arrest Patients (ICECAP): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, adaptive allocation clinical trial to identify the optimal duration of induced hypothermia for neuroprotection in comatose, adult survivors of after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Meurer, William, Schmitzberger, Florian, Yeatts, Sharon, Ramakrishnan, Viswanathan, Abella, Benjamin, Aufderheide, Tom, Barsan, William, Benoit, Justin, Berry, Scott, Black, Joy, Bozeman, Nia, Broglio, Kristine, Brown, Jeremy, Brown, Kimberly, Carlozzi, Noelle, Caveney, Angela, Cho, Sung-Min, Chung-Esaki, Hangyul, Clevenger, Robert, Conwit, Robin, Cooper, Richelle, Crudo, Valentina, Daya, Mohamud, Harney, Deneil, Hsu, Cindy, Johnson, Nicholas, Khan, Imad, Khosla, Shaveta, Kline, Peyton, Kratz, Anna, Kudenchuk, Peter, Lewis, Roger, Madiyal, Chaitra, Meyer, Sara, Mosier, Jarrod, Mouammar, Marwan, Neth, Matthew, ONeil, Brian, Paxton, James, Perez, Sofia, Perman, Sarah, Sozener, Cemal, Speers, Mickie, Spiteri, Aimee, Stevenson, Valerie, Sunthankar, Kavita, Tonna, Joseph, Youngquist, Scott, Geocadin, Romergryko, and Silbergleit, Robert
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Bayesian adaptive trial ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Hypothermia ,Induced ,Neuroprotection ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,Humans ,Hypothermia ,Induced ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,Coma ,Time Factors ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Treatment Outcome ,Recovery of Function ,Neuroprotection ,United States ,Comparative Effectiveness Research - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest is a common and devastating emergency of both the heart and brain. More than 380,000 patients suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually in the USA. Induced cooling of comatose patients markedly improved neurological and functional outcomes in pivotal randomized clinical trials, but the optimal duration of therapeutic hypothermia has not yet been established. METHODS: This study is a multi-center randomized, response-adaptive, duration (dose) finding, comparative effectiveness clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. We investigate two populations of adult comatose survivors of cardiac arrest to ascertain the shortest duration of cooling that provides the maximum treatment effect. The design is based on a statistical model of response as defined by the primary endpoint, a weighted 90-day mRS (modified Rankin Scale, a measure of neurologic disability), across the treatment arms. Subjects will initially be equally randomized between 12, 24, and 48 h of therapeutic cooling. After the first 200 subjects have been randomized, additional treatment arms between 12 and 48 h will be opened and patients will be allocated, within each initial cardiac rhythm type (shockable or non-shockable), by response adaptive randomization. As the trial continues, shorter and longer duration arms may be opened. A maximum sample size of 1800 subjects is proposed. Secondary objectives are to characterize: the overall safety and adverse events associated with duration of cooling, the effect on neuropsychological outcomes, and the effect on patient-reported quality of life measures. DISCUSSION: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest. We hypothesize that longer durations of cooling may improve either the proportion of patients that attain a good neurological recovery or may result in better recovery among the proportion already categorized as having a good outcome. If the treatment effect of cooling is increasing across duration, for at least some set of durations, then this provides evidence of the efficacy of cooling itself versus normothermia, even in the absence of a normothermia control arm, confirming previous RCTs for OHCA survivors of shockable rhythms and provides the first prospective controlled evidence of efficacy in those without initial shockable rhythms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04217551. Registered on 30 December 2019.
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- 2024
39. Safety of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab: insights from 47 296 patient-years of observation
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Goodman, Shaun G, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Diaz, Rafael, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, White, Harvey D, Zeiher, Andreas M, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Poulouin, Yann, Stipek, Wanda, Garon, Genevieve, Schwartz, Gregory G, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Roe, Matthew T, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, Edelberg, Jay M, Hanotin, Corinne, Lecorps, Guillaume, Moryusef, Angèle, Sasiela, William J, Tamby, Jean-François, Aylward, Philip E, Drexel, Heinz, Sinnaeve, Peter, Dilic, Mirza, Lopes, Renato D, Gotcheva, Nina N, Prieto, Juan-Carlos, Yong, Huo, López-Jaramillo, Patricio, Pećin, Ivan, Reiner, Zeljko, Ostadal, Petr, Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt, Viigimaa, Margus, Nieminen, Markku S, Danchin, Nicolas, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Marx, Nikolaus, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Valdovinos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro, Tse, Hung-Fat, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Xavier, Denis, Zahger, Doron, Valgimigli, Marco, Kimura, Takeshi, Kim, Hyo Soo, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Erglis, Andrejs, Laucevicius, Aleksandras, Kedev, Sasko, Yusoff, Khalid, López, Gabriel Arturo Ramos, Alings, Marco, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Flores, Roger M Correa, Sy, Rody G, Budaj, Andrzej, Morais, Joao, Dorobantu, Maria, Karpov, Yuri, Ristic, Arsen D, Chua, Terrance, Murin, Jan, Fras, Zlatko, Dalby, Anthony J, Tuñón, José, de Silva, H Asita, Hagström, Emil, Landmesser, Ulf, Chiang, Chern-En, Sritara, Piyamitr, Guneri, Sema, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Ray, Kausik K, Moriarty, Patrick M, Chaitman, Bernard, Kelsey, Sheryl F, Olsson, Anders G, and Rouleau, Jean-Lucien
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Biomarkers ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cholesterol ,LDL ,Dyslipidemias ,PCSK9 Inhibitors ,Proprotein Convertase 9 ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Time Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators ,Alirocumab ,Cholesterol ,PCSK9 ,Safety ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, comprising over 47 000 patient-years of placebo-controlled observation, demonstrated important reductions in the risk of recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events with the monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 alirocumab, as well as lower all-cause death. These benefits were observed in the context of substantial and persistent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with alirocumab compared with that achieved with placebo. The safety profile of alirocumab was indistinguishable from matching placebo except for a ∼1.7% absolute increase in local injection site reactions. Further, the safety of alirocumab compared with placebo was evident in vulnerable groups identified before randomization, such as the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus, previous ischaemic stroke, or chronic kidney disease. The frequency of adverse events and laboratory-based abnormalities was generally similar to that in placebo-treated patients. Thus, alirocumab appears to be a safe and effective lipid-modifying treatment over a duration of at least 5 years.
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- 2024
40. Circulating KRAS G12D but not G12V is associated with survival in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Till, Jacob, McDaniel, Lee, Chang, Changgee, Long, Qi, Pfeiffer, Shannon, Lyman, Jaclyn, Padrón, Lacey, Maurer, Deena, Yu, Jia, Spencer, Christine, Gherardini, Pier, Da Silva, Diane, LaVallee, Theresa, Abbott, Charles, Chen, Richard, Boyle, Sean, Bhagwat, Neha, Cannas, Samuele, Sagreiya, Hersh, Li, Wenrui, Yee, Stephanie, Abdalla, Aseel, Wang, Zhuoyang, Yin, Melinda, Ballinger, Dominique, Wissel, Paul, Eads, Jennifer, Karasic, Thomas, Schneider, Charles, ODwyer, Peter, Teitelbaum, Ursina, Reiss, Kim, Rahma, Osama, Fisher, George, Ko, Andrew, Wainberg, Zev, Wolff, Robert, OReilly, Eileen, OHara, Mark, Cabanski, Christopher, Vonderheide, Robert, and Carpenter, Erica
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Humans ,Carcinoma ,Pancreatic Ductal ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Female ,Male ,Circulating Tumor DNA ,Middle Aged ,Aged ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Prognosis ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Mutation ,Progression-Free Survival ,Neoplasm Metastasis - Abstract
While high circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels are associated with poor survival for multiple cancers, variant-specific differences in the association of ctDNA levels and survival have not been examined. Here we investigate KRAS ctDNA (ctKRAS) variant-specific associations with overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS) in first-line metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) for patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy (PRINCE, NCT03214250), and an independent cohort receiving standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy. For PRINCE, higher baseline plasma levels are associated with worse OS for ctKRAS G12D (log-rank p = 0.0010) but not G12V (p = 0.7101), even with adjustment for clinical covariates. Early, on-therapy clearance of G12D (p = 0.0002), but not G12V (p = 0.4058), strongly associates with OS for PRINCE. Similar results are obtained for the SOC cohort, and for PFS in both cohorts. These results suggest ctKRAS G12D but not G12V as a promising prognostic biomarker for mPDAC and that G12D clearance could also serve as an early biomarker of response.
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- 2024
41. Pathophysiology and Management of Chest Wall Pain after Surgical and Non-Surgical Local Therapies for Lung Cancer.
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Nikitas, John, Yanagawa, Jane, Sacks, Sandra, Hui, Edward, Lee, Alan, Deng, Jie, Abtin, Fereidoun, Suh, Robert, Lee, Jay, Toste, Paul, Burt, Bryan, Revels, ShaShonda, Cameron, Robert, and Moghanaki, Drew
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Chest wall pain ,Image guided thermal ablation ,Lung cancer ,Lung surgery ,Radiation therapy ,Thoracotomy - Abstract
Chest wall pain syndromes can emerge following local therapies for lung cancer and can adversely affect patients quality-of-life. This can occur after lung surgery, radiation therapy, or percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation. This review describes the multifactorial pathophysiology of chest wall pain syndromes that develop following surgical and non-surgical local therapies for lung cancer and summarizes evidence-based management strategies for inflammatory, neuropathic, myofascial, and osseous pain. It discusses a step-wise approach to treating chest wall pain that begins with non-opioid oral analgesics and includes additional pharmacologic treatments as clinically indicated, such as anticonvulsants, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and various topical treatments. For myofascial pain, physical medicine techniques, such as acupuncture, trigger point injections, deep tissue massage, and intercostal myofascial release can also offer pain relief. For severe or refractory cases, opioid analgesics, intercostal nerve blocks, or intercostal nerve ablations may be indicated. Fortunately, palliation of treatment-related chest wall pain syndromes can be managed by most clinical providers, regardless of the type of local therapy utilized for a patients lung cancer treatment. In cases where a patients pain fails to respond to initial medical management, clinicians can consider referring to a pain specialist who can tailor a more specific pharmacologic approach or perform a procedural intervention to relieve pain.
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- 2024
42. Algorithms for Finding the Best Pure Nash Equilibrium in Edge-weighted Budgeted Maximum Coverage Games
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Lee, Hyunwoo, Hildebrand, Robert, Cai, Wenbo, and Büyüktahtakın, İ. Esra
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Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
This paper introduces a new integer programming game (IPG) named the Edge-weighted Budgeted Maximum Coverage (EBMC) game and proposes a new algorithm, the Best Response Plus (BR-plus) algorithm, for finding the best Pure Nash Equilibrium (PNE). We demonstrate this methodology by optimizing county-level decisions to prevent aquatic invasive species (AIS) in Minnesota lakes, where each county-level decision makers has self-serving objectives while AIS is an interconnected issue that crosses county borders. Specifically, we develop EBMC games to model the strategic interactions among county-level decision-makers with two variations in utility functions. We also study and prove the existence of a PNE in these models under specified conditions. We advance the current state-of-the-art, which is limited to only a few players, by presenting the BR-plus algorithm that can handle a large set of players via utilizing the best response dynamics for finding PNE in normal-form games. Experimental results show that our BR-plus algorithm offers computational advantages over the ZR algorithm, especially in larger games, on both random and real-world networks.
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- 2024
43. Towards Safer Online Spaces: Simulating and Assessing Intervention Strategies for Eating Disorder Discussions
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Penafiel, Louis, Kao, Hsien-Te, Erickson, Isabel, Chu, David, McCormack, Robert, Lerman, Kristina, and Volkova, Svitlana
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that affect millions of people around the world. Effective interventions on social media platforms are crucial, yet testing strategies in situ can be risky. We present a novel LLM-driven experimental testbed for simulating and assessing intervention strategies in ED-related discussions. Our framework generates synthetic conversations across multiple platforms, models, and ED-related topics, allowing for controlled experimentation with diverse intervention approaches. We analyze the impact of various intervention strategies on conversation dynamics across four dimensions: intervention type, generative model, social media platform, and ED-related community/topic. We employ cognitive domain analysis metrics, including sentiment, emotions, etc., to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Our findings reveal that civility-focused interventions consistently improve positive sentiment and emotional tone across all dimensions, while insight-resetting approaches tend to increase negative emotions. We also uncover significant biases in LLM-generated conversations, with cognitive metrics varying notably between models (Claude-3 Haiku $>$ Mistral $>$ GPT-3.5-turbo $>$ LLaMA3) and even between versions of the same model. These variations highlight the importance of model selection in simulating realistic discussions related to ED. Our work provides valuable information on the complex dynamics of ED-related discussions and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
44. Ab initio quantum dynamics as a scalable solution to the exoplanet opacity challenge: A case study of CO$_2$ in hydrogen atmosphere
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Wiesenfeld, Laurent, Niraula, Prajwal, de Wit, Julien, Jaïdane, Nejmeddine, Gordon, Iouli E., and Hargreaves, Robert J.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
Light-matter interactions lie at the heart of our exploration of exoplanetary atmospheres. Interpreting data obtained by remote sensing is enabled by meticulous, time- and resource-consuming work aiming at deepening our understanding of such interactions (i.e., opacity models). Recently, \citet{Niraula2022} pointed out that due primarily to limitations on our modeling of broadening and far-wing behaviors, opacity models needed a timely update for exoplanet exploration in the JWST era, and thus argued for a scalable approach. In this Letter, we introduce an end-to-end solution from ab initio calculations to pressure broadening, and use the perturbation framework to identify the need for precision to a level of $\sim$10\%. We focus on the CO$_2$-H$_2$ system as CO$_2$ presents a key absorption feature for exoplanet research (primarily driven by the observation of gas giants) at $\sim$4.3$\mu$m and yet severely lack opacity data. We compute elastic and inelastic cross-sections for the collision of {ortho-}H$_2$ ~with CO$_2$, in the ground vibrational state, and at the coupled-channel fully converged level. For scattering energies above $\sim$20~cm$^{-1}$, moderate precision inter-molecular potentials are indistinguishable from high precision ones in cross-sections. Our calculations agree with the currently available measurement within 7\%, i.e., well beyond the precision requirements. Our proof-of-concept introduces a computationally affordable way to compute full-dimensional interaction potentials and scattering quantum dynamics with a precision sufficient to reduce the model-limited biases originating from the pressure broadening and thus support instrument-limited science with JWST and future missions., Comment: Submitted to ApJL
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- 2024
45. ZTF SN Ia DR2: Overview
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Rigault, Mickael, Smith, Mathew, Goobar, Ariel, Maguire, Kate, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Burgaz, Umut, Dhawan, Suhail, Sollerman, Jesper, Regnault, Nicolas, Kowalski, Marek, Amenouche, Melissa, Aubert, Marie, Barjou-Delayre, Chloé, Bautista, Julian, Bloom, Josh S., Carreres, Bastien, Chen, Tracy X., Copin, Yannick, Deckers, Maxime, Fouchez, Dominique, Fremling, Christoffer, Galbany, Lluis, Ginolin, Madeleine, Graham, Matthew, Kasliwal, Mancy M., Kenworthy, W. D'Arcy, Kim, Young-Lo, Kuhn, Dylan, Masci, Frank F., Müller-Bravo, Tomas, Miller, Adam, Johansson, Joel, Nordin, Jakob, Nugent, Peter, Andreoni, Igor, Bellm, Eric, Betoule, Marc, Osman, Mahmoud, Perley, Dan, Popovic, Brodie, Rosnet, Philippe, Rosselli, Damiano, Ruppin, Florian, Senzel, Robert, Rusholme, Ben, Schweyer, Tassilo, Terwel, Jacco H., Townsend, Alice, Tzanidakis, Andy, Wold, Avery, Purdum, Josiah, Qin, Yu-Jing, Racine, Benjamin, Reusch, Simeon, Riddle, Reed, and Yan, Lin
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the first homogeneous release of several thousand Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), all having spectroscopic classification, and spectroscopic redshifts for half the sample. This release, named the "DR2", contains 3628 nearby (z < 0.3) SNe Ia discovered, followed and classified by the Zwicky Transient Facility survey between March 2018 and December 2020. Of these, 3000 have good-to-excellent sampling and 2667 pass standard cosmology light-curve quality cuts. This release is thus the largest SN Ia release to date, increasing by an order of magnitude the number of well characterized low-redshift objects. With the "DR2", we also provide a volume-limited (z < 0.06) sample of nearly a thousand SNe Ia. With such a large, homogeneous and well controlled dataset, we are studying key current questions on SN cosmology, such as the linearity SNe Ia standardization, the SN and host dependencies, the diversity of the SN Ia population, and the accuracy of the current light-curve modeling. These, and more, are studied in detail in a series of articles associated with this release. Alongside the SN Ia parameters, we publish our force-photometry gri-band light curves, 5138 spectra, local and global host properties, observing logs, and a python tool to ease use and access of these data. The photometric accuracy of the "DR2" is not yet suited for cosmological parameter inference, which will follow as "DR2.5" release. We nonetheless demonstrate that the multi-thousand SN Ia Hubble Diagram has a typical 0.15 mag scatter., Comment: ZTF SN Ia DR2 release paper. Submitted to A&A (ZTF DR2 Special Issue). Already 1 response to referee
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- 2024
46. Solar Inertial Modes
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Gizon, Laurent, Bekki, Yuto, Birch, Aaron C., Cameron, Robert H., Fournier, Damien, Philidet, Jordan, Lekshmi, B., and Liang, Zhi-Chao
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The Sun's global inertial modes are very sensitive to the solar differential rotation and to properties of the deep solar convection zone which are currently poorly constrained. These properties include the superadiabatic temperature gradient, the latitudinal entropy gradient, and the turbulent viscosity. The inertial modes also play a key role in controlling the Sun's large-scale structure and dynamics, in particular the solar differential rotation. This paper summarizes recent observations and advances in the (linear and nonlinear) modeling of the solar inertial modes., Comment: Submitted on 05-Mar-2024 for publication in procs. IAU Symp 365, Eds. A. Getling and L. Kitchatinov
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- 2024
47. Optimal Fidelity Estimation from Binary Measurements for Discrete and Continuous Variable Systems
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Fawzi, Omar, Oufkir, Aadil, and Salzmann, Robert
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Quantum Physics ,Mathematical Physics ,Mathematics - Statistics Theory - Abstract
Estimating the fidelity between a desired target quantum state and an actual prepared state is essential for assessing the success of experiments. For pure target states, we use functional representations that can be measured directly and determine the number of copies of the prepared state needed for fidelity estimation. In continuous variable (CV) systems, we utilise the Wigner function, which can be measured via displaced parity measurements. We provide upper and lower bounds on the sample complexity required for fidelity estimation, considering the worst-case scenario across all possible prepared states. For target states of particular interest, such as Fock and Gaussian states, we find that this sample complexity is characterised by the $L^1$-norm of the Wigner function, a measure of Wigner negativity widely studied in the literature, in particular in resource theories of quantum computation. For discrete variable systems consisting of $n$ qubits, we explore fidelity estimation protocols using Pauli string measurements. Similarly to the CV approach, the sample complexity is shown to be characterised by the $L^1$-norm of the characteristic function of the target state for both Haar random states and stabiliser states. Furthermore, in a general black box model, we prove that, for any target state, the optimal sample complexity for fidelity estimation is characterised by the smoothed $L^1$-norm of the target state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the $L^1$-norm of the Wigner function provides a lower bound on the cost of some information processing task., Comment: 40 pages main text, 4 pages of appendices
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- 2024
48. Global bifurcation of homoclinic solutions
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Longo, Iacopo P., Pötzsche, Christian, and Skiba, Robert
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Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis - Abstract
In the analysis of parametrized nonautonomous evolutionary equations, bounded entire solutions are natural candidates for bifurcating objects. Appropriate explicit and sufficient conditions for such branchings, however, require to combine contemporary functional analytical methods from the abstract bifurcation theory for Fredholm operators with tools originating in dynamical systems. This paper establishes alternatives classifying the shape of global bifurcating branches of bounded entire solutions to Carath\'eodory differential equations. Our approach is based on the parity associated to a path of index 0 Fredholm operators, the global Evans function as a recent tool in nonautonomous bifurcation theory and suitable topologies on spaces of Carath\'eodory functions.
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- 2024
49. Allowed Coulomb branch scaling dimensions of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 2$ SCFTs
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Argyres, Philip C., Cecotti, Sergio, Del Zotto, Michele, Martone, Mario, Moscrop, Robert, and Smith, Ben
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
A basic datum of a rank-$r$ $\mathcal{N}{=}2$ superconformal field theory (SCFT) is the $r$-tuple of its Coulomb branch scaling dimensions, i.e., the scaling dimensions of a set of special protected scalar operators whose vevs generate the coordinate ring of the Coulomb branch of the theory. It is well known that when the coordinate ring is freely generated these scaling dimensions can only take values in a small set of rational numbers. But there are further constraints on which $r$-tuples of these numbers can appear. The main aim of this work is to clarify what these are. Along the way we also compute explicitly the $r$-tuples of allowed scaling dimensions for theories of ranks $r = 2, 3, 4$., Comment: 32 pages
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- 2024
50. TIC 435850195: The Second Tri-Axial, Tidally Tilted Pulsator
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Jayaraman, Rahul, Rappaport, Saul, Powell, Brian, Handler, Gerald, Omohundro, Mark, Gagliano, Robert, Kostov, Veselin, Fuller, Jim, Kurtz, Donald, Zhang, Valencia, and Ricker, George
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has enabled the discovery of numerous tidally tilted pulsators (TTPs), which are pulsating stars in close binaries where the presence of a tidal bulge has the effect of tilting the primary star's pulsation axes into the orbital plane. Recently, the modeling framework developed to analyze TTPs has been applied to the emerging class of tri-axial pulsators, which exhibit nonradial pulsations about three perpendicular axes. In this work, we report on the identification of the second-ever discovered tri-axial pulsator, with sixteen robustly-detected pulsation multiplets, of which fourteen are dipole doublets separated by 2$\nu_{\rm orb}$. We jointly fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) and TESS light curve of the star, and find that the primary is slightly evolved off the zero-age main sequence, while the less massive secondary still lies on the zero-age main sequence. Of the fourteen doublets, we associate eight with $Y_{10x}$ modes and six with novel $Y_{10y}$ modes. We exclude the existence of $Y_{11x}$ modes in this star and show that the observed pulsation modes must be $Y_{10y}$. We also present a toy model for the tri-axial pulsation framework in the context of this star. The techniques presented here can be utilized to rapidly analyze and confirm future tri-axial pulsator candidates., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
- Published
- 2024
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