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1,147 results on '"Robbins, T. W."'

7. Differential responses in human striatum and prefrontal cortex to changes in object and rule relevance

Author

Cools, R, Clark, L, and Robbins, T W

Subjects
object alternation, inhibitory control, task switching, PFC, striatum, adaptation, attention, basal ganglia, cognitive, frontal imaging
Abstract

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in 16 young healthy human volunteers during performance of an attentional switching task. The task allowed the separate investigation of lower-order switching between concrete objects and higher-order switching between abstract task rules. Significant signal change in the ventral striatum was demonstrated on trials when subjects switched between objects but not when subjects switched between abstract task rules. In contrast, signal change in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed during all switch trials. The switch-related responses were not contaminated by task difficulty, because the greatest signal change was observed during the relatively easy switch trials, which required both lower-order and higher-order switching at the same time. The present data suggest that mechanisms of inhibitory response control in frontostriatal systems are organized according to distinct levels of abstraction. Specifically, the response selection computation carried by the ventral striatum, which projects to the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial PFC, is restricted to the transformation of concrete stimulus exemplar information into motor responses, whereas the adaptive function of the lateral PFC extends to the transformation of abstract task-rule representations into action.

Published
2004

21. The Neuropsychology of Ventral Prefrontal Cortex: Decision-Making and Reversal Learning

Author

Clark, L., Cools, R., and Robbins, T. W.

Abstract

Converging evidence from human lesion, animal lesion, and human functional neuroimaging studies implicates overlapping neural circuitry in ventral prefrontal cortex in decision-making and reversal learning. The ascending 5-HT and dopamine neurotransmitter systems have a modulatory role in both processes. There is accumulating evidence that measures of decision-making and reversal learning may be useful as functional markers of ventral prefrontal cortex integrity in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Whilst existing measures of decision-making may have superior sensitivity, reversal learning may offer superior selectivity, particularly within prefrontal cortex. Effective decision-making on existing measures requires the ability to adapt behaviour on the basis of changes in emotional significance, and this may underlie the shared neural circuitry with reversal learning.

Published
2004
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34. Resilience and corpus callosum microstructure in adolescence

Author

Galinowski, A., Miranda, R., Lemaitre, H., Paillère Martinot, M.-L., Artiges, E., Vulser, H., Goodman, R., Penttilä, J., Struve, M., Barbot, A., Fadai, T., Poustka, L., Conrod, P., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A., Bromberg, U., Büchel, C., Flor, H., Gallinat, J., Garavan, H., Heinz, A., Ittermann, B., Kappel, V., Lawrence, C., Loth, E., Mann, K., Nees, F., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Poline, J.-B., Rietschel, M., Robbins, T. W., Smolka, M., Schumann, G., and Martinot, J.-L.

Published
2015
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44. Experimentally induced and real-world anxiety have no demonstrable effect on goal-directed behaviour

Author

Gillan, C M, Vaghi, M M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-9055, Hezemans, F H, van Ghesel Grothe, S, Dafflon, J, Brühl, A B, Savulich, G, Robbins, T W, Gillan, C M, Vaghi, M M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-9055, Hezemans, F H, van Ghesel Grothe, S, Dafflon, J, Brühl, A B, Savulich, G, and Robbins, T W

Abstract

BACKGROUND Goal-directed control guides optimal decision-making and it is an important cognitive faculty that protects against developing habits. Previous studies have found some evidence of goal-directed deficits when healthy individuals are stressed, and in psychiatric conditions characterised by compulsive behaviours and anxiety. Here, we tested if goal-directed control is affected by state anxiety, which might explain the former results. METHODS We carried out a causal test of this hypothesis in two experiments (between-subject N = 88; within-subject N = 50) that used the inhalation of hypercapnic gas (7.5% CO2) to induce an acute state of anxiety in healthy volunteers. In a third experiment (N = 1413), we used a correlational design to test if real-life anxiety-provoking events (panic attacks, stressful events) are associated with impaired goal-directed control. RESULTS In the former two causal experiments, we induced a profoundly anxious state, both physiologically and psychologically, but this did not affect goal-directed performance. In the third, correlational, study, we found no evidence for an association between goal-directed control, panic attacks or stressful life eventsover and above variance accounted for by trait differences in compulsivity. CONCLUSIONS In sum, three complementary experiments found no evidence that anxiety impairs goal-directed control in human subjects.

Published
2021

50. White-matter microstructure and gray-matter volumes in adolescents with subthreshold bipolar symptoms

Author

Martinot, Paillère M-L, Lemaitre, H, Artiges, E, Miranda, R, Goodman, R, Penttilä, J, Struve, M, Fadai, T, Kappel, V, Poustka, L, Conrod, P, Banaschewski, T, Barbot, A, Barker, G J, Büchel, C, Flor, H, Gallinat, J, Garavan, H, Heinz, A, Ittermann, B, Lawrence, C, Loth, E, Mann, K, Paus, T, Pausova, Z, Rietschel, M, Robbins, T W, Smolka, M N, Schumann, G, and Martinot, J-L

Published
2014
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