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Dada la alta tasa de envejecimiento de este barrio, se decide trabajar con el Centro de Mayores Alfonso de Cossío, el cual se localiza en la barriada San Pablo en la ciudad de Sevilla, pues supone una representación fiel de la población que habita el barrio. A partir de toda la información recabada en la identificación y en los dos talleres participativos, se puede generar un imaginario de aquellos elementos que los participantes consideran susceptibles de salvaguardar y proteger como patrimonio urbano material e inmaterial, así como las carencias y potencialidades que presenta el barrio en materia de confort y salud. Además, se espera que este espacio también sirva de enlace entre la población y las instituciones públicas, con el objetivo de proteger este patrimonio urbano y de transmitir aquellas cuestiones sobre confort y salud que hacen que la población no pueda desarrollarse en plenitud de sus capacidades en su propio barrio., Given the high rate of ageing in this neighbourhood, it was decided to work with the Alfonso de Cossío Senior Centre, which is located in the San Pablo neighbourhood in the city of Seville, as it is a faithful representation of the population living in the neighbourhood. From all the information gathered in the identification and in the workshop, it is possible to generate an imaginary of those elements that the participants consider likely to safeguard and protect as tangible and intangible urban heritage in the Polígono de San Pablo. Furthermore, it is hoped that this space will also serve as a link between the population and public institutions, with the aim of protecting this urban heritage and transmitting those issues that prevent the population from developing to the fullest of its capacities in their own neighborhood.

La Estrategia Aura se orienta directamente a la rehabilitación de barriadas residenciales obsoletas: una metodología para la regeneración urbana y edificatoria, a través de un sistema que permite la rehabilitación y transformación de edificios existentes, partiendo de la conservación y reutilización del tejido urbano, como criterio fundamental para una intervención sostenible, que entronca con los 17 ODS, y con el Plan Vive en Andalucía 2020-30, en particular. La actuación urbana en "modo progresivo" propone la recualificación de la identidad social, de lo material y lo energético, procurando una efectiva mejora en el confort y salud de los habitantes, que redunde en un aumento de su calidad de vida. Para ello, es necesario un estudio arquitectónico y urbanístico del estado previo y actual, el análisis y desarrollo de la descripción del edificio y su entorno desde los puntos de vista histórico, formal, obsolescencia programática, urbanístico, socioeconómico y otros ámbitos que permitan la concepción arquitectónica del barrio., The Aura Strategy is primarily aimed at the rehabilitation of obsolete residential neighbourhoods. It is a methodology for urban and building regeneration, through a system that allows the rehabilitation and transformation of existing buildings, based on the conservation and reuse of the urban fabric, as a fundamental criterion for a sustainable intervention, which is in line with the 17 SDGs, and with the Plan Vive en Andalucía 2020-30, in particular. This "progressive mode" of urban action proposes the reclassification of social identity, material and energy, seeking an effective improvement in the comfort and health of the inhabitants, resulting in an increase in their quality of life. This requires an architectural and urban study of the previous and current state, analysis and development of the description of the building and its environment from the historical, formal, programmatic obsolescence, urban, socioeconomic and other areas that allow the architectural conception of the neighborhood.

Compliance with the global decarbonisation commitments set out in Horizon 2050 undoubtedly involves optimising the conditions of the housing stock. In this respect, the massive energy renovation of obsolete housing blocks in southern EU countries holds the key for the achievement of such compliance. This research strives to demonstrate the suitability of intervention strategies at district scale. For this purpose, an innovative methodology that combines open data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Urban Energy Modelling (UBEM), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed and tested in a case study, whilst considering several renovation and new-building hypotheses. As an innovative approach, this study concurrently analyses greenhouse gas emissions arising from both use-related energy consumption (operational carbon footprint) and the construction process (embodied carbon footprint). This dual perspective provides added value to the results obtained, since it offers a more comprehensive representation of reality. Based on the results from the LCA and UBEM models, this study unveils the entire impact of residential energy use combined with either the carbon footprint of energy renovation or that of new buildings. The case study analysis reveals that total emissions, encompassing both embodied and operational aspects, are lower for retrofitting existing buildings when compared to new construction, up to Horizon 2050. Remarkably, this preference for renovation persists even as far as 2100. The study underscores the critical importance of upgrading the existing residential stock in order to achieve the ambitious goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

La Estrategia Aura se orienta directamente a la rehabilitación de barriadas residenciales obsoletas: una metodología para la regeneración urbana y edificatoria, a través de un sistema que permite la rehabilitación y transformación de edificios existentes, partiendo de la conservación y reutilización del tejido urbano, como criterio fundamental para una intervención sostenible, que entronca con los 17 ODS, y con el Plan Vive en Andalucía 2020-30, en particular. La actuación urbana en "modo progresivo" propone la recualificación de la identidad social, de lo material y lo energético, procurando una efectiva mejora en el confort y salud de los habitantes, que redunde en un aumento de su calidad de vida. Para ello, es necesario un estudio arquitectónico y urbanístico del estado previo y actual, el análisis y desarrollo de la descripción del edificio y su entorno desde los puntos de vista histórico, formal, obsolescencia programática, urbanístico, socioeconómico y otros ámbitos que permitan la concepción arquitectónica del barrio., The Aura Strategy is primarily aimed at the rehabilitation of obsolete residential neighbourhoods. It is a methodology for urban and building regeneration, through a system that allows the rehabilitation and transformation of existing buildings, based on the conservation and reuse of the urban fabric, as a fundamental criterion for a sustainable intervention, which is in line with the 17 SDGs, and with the Plan Vive en Andalucía 2020-30, in particular. This "progressive mode" of urban action proposes the reclassification of social identity, material and energy, seeking an effective improvement in the comfort and health of the inhabitants, resulting in an increase in their quality of life. This requires an architectural and urban study of the previous and current state, analysis and development of the description of the building and its environment from the historical, formal, programmatic obsolescence, urban, socioeconomic and other areas that allow the architectural conception of the neighborhood.

La presente publicación se enmarca dentro de la producción científica e investigadora del Equipo Solar Decathlon de la Universidad de Sevilla, junto a diversos grupos de investigación de dicha universidad (liderados por el HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Así, tras obtener en pública concurrencia la adjudicación de un proyecto de investigación de carácter autonómico, se propone la continuación de la búsqueda transdisciplinar de soluciones regenerativas aplicables a barriadas obsoletas de Andalucía. El estudio de soluciones habitacionales de carácter social basadas en la regeneración urbana, se plantea mediante la implementación de diversas líneas de actuación urdimbradas entre sí, potenciando la recuperación de la identidad social, la rehabilitación de la materialidad, la disminución de la pobreza energética y, por ende, la mejora del confort -y la salud- de los habitantes del barrio., This publication is part of the scientific and research production of the Solar Decathlon Team of the University of Seville, together with various research groups at the university (led by HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Thus, after being awarded a regional research project in public competition, the transdisciplinary search for regenerative solutions applicable to obsolete neighbourhoods in Andalusia will continue. The study for social housing solutions based on urban regeneration is proposed through the implementation of various interwoven lines of action, promoting the recovery of social identity, the rehabilitation of materiality, the reduction of energy poverty and, therefore, the improvement of the comfort - and health - of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood.

La presente publicación se enmarca dentro de la producción científica e investigadora del Equipo Solar Decathlon de la Universidad de Sevilla, junto a diversos grupos de investigación de dicha universidad (liderados por el HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Así, tras obtener en pública concurrencia la adjudicación de un proyecto de investigación de carácter autonómico, se propone la continuación de la búsqueda transdisciplinar de soluciones regenerativas aplicables a barriadas obsoletas de Andalucía. El estudio de soluciones habitacionales de carácter social basadas en la regeneración urbana, se plantea mediante la implementación de diversas líneas de actuación urdimbradas entre sí, potenciando la recuperación de la identidad social, la rehabilitación de la materialidad, la disminución de la pobreza energética y, por ende, la mejora del confort -y la salud- de los habitantes del barrio., This publication is part of the scientific and research production of the Solar Decathlon Team of the University of Seville, together with various research groups at the university (led by HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Thus, after being awarded a regional research project in public competition, the transdisciplinary search for regenerative solutions applicable to obsolete neighbourhoods in Andalusia will continue. The study for social housing solutions based on urban regeneration is proposed through the implementation of various interwoven lines of action, promoting the recovery of social identity, the rehabilitation of materiality, the reduction of energy poverty and, therefore, the improvement of the comfort - and health - of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood.

La presente publicación se enmarca dentro de la producción científica e investigadora del Equipo Solar Decathlon de la Universidad de Sevilla, junto a diversos grupos de investigación de dicha universidad (liderados por el HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Así, tras obtener en pública concurrencia la adjudicación de un proyecto de investigación de carácter autonómico, se propone la continuación de la búsqueda transdisciplinar de soluciones regenerativas aplicables a barriadas obsoletas de Andalucía. El estudio de soluciones habitacionales de carácter social basadas en la regeneración urbana, se plantea mediante la implementación de diversas líneas de actuación urdimbradas entre sí, potenciando la recuperación de la identidad social, la rehabilitación de la materialidad, la disminución de la pobreza energética y, por ende, la mejora del confort -y la salud- de los habitantes del barrio., This publication is part of the scientific and research production of the Solar Decathlon Team of the University of Seville, together with various research groups at the university (led by HUM-965 TRAnHUMANCIAS). Thus, after being awarded a regional research project in public competition, the transdisciplinary search for regenerative solutions applicable to obsolete neighbourhoods in Andalusia will continue. The study for social housing solutions based on urban regeneration is proposed through the implementation of various interwoven lines of action, promoting the recovery of social identity, the rehabilitation of materiality, the reduction of energy poverty and, therefore, the improvement of the comfort - and health - of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood.

We are currently witnessing an unprecedentedly fast change in environmental parameters for which most cities worldwide are not well prepared. One of the most characteristic urban fabrics of many European cities is the residential neighbourhood typology built in the second half of the 20th century and influenced by the Modern Movement. This study aims to develop an assessment-and-upgrading methodology of the urban microclimatic resilience of these residential neighbourhoods, using a case study for the application considering past, present, and future climatic contexts. ENVI-met software is used to examine the original layout of the case study, its evolution up to the present time and the proposal for its adaptation to the worst climatic forecasts for the end of the century, suggesting solutions to enhance thermal comfort. The results show a significant reduction in extreme warm conditions of up to 6.3 °C in UTCI in the worst-case scenario at the century's end, proving the importance of passive strategies in achieving improved urban resilience in warm cities. The methodology applied in this study can serve as a starting point for a broader analysis to be applied to different urban typologies other than the residential one and in different climatic contexts.

This article proposes a hybrid methodology to represent the energy poverty situation in neighbourhoods with high vulnerability indices, using public data sources and surveys designed for local contexts. As an innovation, the method includes aspects of feminisation poverty, household health and information collected directly from the case study population. The San Pablo neighbourhood, in southern Spain, has been taken as a case study, to extrapolate the strategy to similar European neighbourhoods. The research has made it possible to identify new factors affecting the energy poverty situation, such as the domestic burden associated with households or the lack of accessibility to dwellings. The incorporation of this type of indicators, which have been analysed according to sex, has made it possible to highlight the process of feminisation of energy poverty in the territory under study. Based on the groups identified as the most vulnerable, new lines of research are opened to define actions and best practices that can be implemented to improve household energy vulnerability.

The designation of which resources are valued as emerging heritage is at a turning point. This has resulted in urban heritage regeneration processes designed from the top down, neglecting the perception of the local. This article highlights the importance of generating participatory multi-actor spaces where the knowledge of agents involved in the same process of urban regeneration, in this case linked to heritage in obsolete neighborhoods, can be incorporated and contrasted. The San Pablo neighborhood in Seville, built in the 1960s, is chosen as a case study. Actor–network theory is taken as a methodological basis for articulating a network with the voices of agents involved in heritage regeneration processes in obsolete neighborhoods. A methodology designed from the bottom up is put into practice, having as a base the social agents, followed by the academy, and finally with the technical knowledge of official institutions. This research concludes that incorporating the elderly population as social agents in regenerative actions in the San Pablo neighborhood is a determining factor in characterizing its uniqueness. Collective memory naturally associates resources that are part of the social identity of the neighborhood. Due to its deep roots, the older population recognizes different elements that could be protected and possibly recognized as emerging heritage, and that technical agents should consider them to achieve sustainable regeneration.

Thermal inertia and natural ventilation are strategies widely used and studied in indoor building performance. However, little analysis has been done on its effect on the outdoor microclimate. Furthermore, this analysis is needed for the specific case of inner courtyards, given that these outdoor spaces are highly affected by their surrounding building surfaces. This study takes a real-scale prototype constructed for the 2019 Solar Decathlon competition in Hungary as a case study to analyze the thermal inertia and ventilation effects on the thermal performance of courtyards. Monitoring data are used to calibrate a simulation model that combines BES and CFD to predict the thermal performance for three wall configurations with different inertia and two situations: the closed courtyard and the ventilated courtyard. Results show that the thermal inertia and ventilation effects inside the courtyard are similar to what is generally observed inside the buildings. Thermal inertia for the close courtyard was able to increase the courtyard tempering effect up to 1.6 °C and comfort up to 1.4 °C UTCI. The ventilation reduced the tempering potential of the courtyard during the day, but it also reduced overheating during the night. Depending on the wind speed it can also increase thermal comfort.

Built environment configurations of vernacular architecture are the result of an evolutionary adaptation to climatic conditions, while the historic districts of many cities worldwide are shaped by their extensive architectural heritage. These factors, coupled with the present day awareness and renewed interest in the passive retrofitting of buildings, have prompted a review of traditional strategies, most notably direct solar radiation management through courtyard perforations. Although the vernacular courtyard microclimate has been discussed in the literature in recent years, few studies have successfully translated its climatic benefits to the city scale in order to assess its real potential. There is a notable absence of overall urban estimations of the impact on energy-saving and thermal comfort of some of the most effective strategies, such as the use of shading devices. Combining state-of-the-art GIS-based tools and statistical data analysis from field monitoring campaigns this research performs a large-scale evaluation in urban courtyards in the historic centre of a Mediterranean city. Based on the results obtained it can be stated that a widespread use of shading devices can increase the number of hours of comfort, according to PET, by 27% and can reduce global cooling demand by 31%.

1960s Europe saw a large number of residential neighborhoods built to house those migrating from the countryside. Today, more than 50 years later, these neighborhoods suffer high levels of functional, social, and technical obsolescence. In response to this, the University of Seville developed the Aura Strategy as an intervention methodology to find global solutions to issues in outdated neighborhoods. To provide visibility to this aspect of the Aura Strategy, the retrofit proposal presented in this article provides a solution to improve the roofing of buildings in a case study neighborhood (Polígono de San Pablo, Seville) and an analysis of the results in terms of energy and financial savings for local residents. The results show that for a population of roughly 18,000 (in 2018), net savings, including energy and retrofitting costs, ranging from nearly e6.5 to over e8.6 million can be made over the 20-year life-cycle span. Likewise, the results obtained on the reduction of thermal loads indicate a 72% decrease in energy consumption, equivalent to a saving of close to 4500 tons of greenhouse gas emissions for the district and the entire life-cycle time period, with the consequent benefits on the impact on air quality and the fight against climate change.

Using the physical construction of a prototype as an educational tool is not new, although it can be innovative in the current context of conceptual renewal linked to sustainable development. At the School of Architecture of Seville, there is a great research tradition on sustainability, but little is extrapolated into teaching. There is also a need for a significant improvement in education from the methodological point of view. In this sense, competitions provide an opportunity that defines a potentially rewarding situation for educational innovation. From this starting point, this research aims at verifying how the construction of a full-scale prototype, as an active educational methodological strategy and following a bioclimatic design methodology consolidated in said School of Architecture, allows achieving great results both in educational and bioclimatic terms. The educational methodology brings together the following guidelines: the workshop as an integrating environment for architectural learning; the construction of a prototype as an educational situation that transcends the architectural; the conceptualization of new challenges marked by sustainability and their practical and effective application to the architectural project, design, and architectural construction. All the tools are valuable and effectively respond to shortcomings detected and internalized in teaching-learning, and, consequently, architectural activities., Utilizar a construção física de um protótipo como ferramenta educacional não é uma proposta nova, embora possa ser inovadora no contexto atual de renovação conceitual ligada ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Na Escola de Arquitetura de Sevilha existe uma longa tradição de pesquisa em sustentabilidade, mas pouca extrapolação para o ensino. Há também a necessidade de uma melhoria significativa na educação do ponto de vista metodológico. Neste sentido, as competições oferecem uma oportunidade que define uma situação potencialmente afortunada para a inovação educacional. Nesta base, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar como a construção de um protótipo em escala real, como uma estratégia metodológica educacional ativa, juntamente com uma metodologia de projeto bioclimático consolidada nesta escola de arquitetura, pode alcançar grandes resultados tanto em termos educacionais quanto bioclimáticos. A metodologia educacional empregada combina as seguintes diretrizes: a oficina como ambiente integrador para o aprendizado arquitetônico; a construção de um protótipo como situação educacional que transcende a arquitetura; a conceituação dos novos desafios estabelecidos pela sustentabilidade e sua aplicação prática e eficaz ao projeto arquitetônico, projeto e construção. Todas estas ferramentas, colocadas em bom uso, proporcionam uma resposta eficaz às deficiências atualmente detectadas e internalizadas no ensino-aprendizado e, portanto, no trabalho arquitetônico., Utilizar la construcción física de un prototipo como herramienta educativa no es una propuesta nueva, aunque puede ser innovadora en el contexto actual de renovación conceptual vinculado al desarrollo sustentable. En la Escuela de Arquitectura de Sevilla existe una gran tradición investigadora en materia de sustentabilidad, pero poco extrapolada a la enseñanza. También es necesaria una mejora significativa de la educación desde el ámbito metodológico. En este sentido, los concursos proporcionan una oportunidad que define una situación potencialmente afortunada para la innovación educativa. Partiendo de esta base, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprobar cómo la construcción de un prototipo a escala real, como estrategia metodológica educativa activa, de la mano de una metodología de diseño bioclimático consolidada en dicha escuela de arquitectura, permite lograr grandes resultados tanto en términos educativos como bioclimáticos. La metodología educativa empleada aúna las siguientes directrices: el taller como ámbito integrador para el aprendizaje arquitectónico; la construcción de un prototipo como situación educativa que trasciende lo arquitectónico; la conceptualización de los nuevos retos marcados por la sustentabilidad y su aplicación práctica y efectiva al proyecto, diseño y construcción arquitectónicos. Todas herramientas puestas en valor dan respuesta efectiva a las carencias actualmente detectadas e interiorizadas del aprendizaje-enseñanza y, por tanto, del quehacer arquitectónico.

As a large proportion of housing stock does not meet the current demands for energy and comfort (leading to high levels of obsolescence and vulnerability), the annual rate of energy upgrades for the existing stock must be increased. The AURA Strategy is an intervention methodology which focuses on the regeneration of neighbourhoods or obsolete urban fabrics which sufer from high levels of architectural, urban and socioeconomic vulnerability. Within this context, the AURA 3.1 prototype was developed for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2019 Competition. The project was based around a sustainable construction strategy for the urban regeneration of obsolete residential neighbourhoods, through the reuse of existing buildings considering Mediterranean climate and energy. The Poligono San Pablo neighbourhood was chosen as the case study. This article presents the main retroft action: the juxtaposition on the existing building of a structural-architectural system which provides new technological and spatial features. Quantitative data regarding the validity and efectiveness of the AURA Strategy could be collected from the monitoring of the Pavilion prototype during the competition. Two frst prizes were won in contests with on-site measurements: Comfort conditions and House Functioning. Third place was also obtained in the Sustainability contest, thus confrming the enormous possibilities the AURA Strategy has for sustainable urban regeneration in retroftting social housing, within the limitations of the competition.

Utilizar la construcción física de un prototipo como herramienta educativa no es una propuesta nueva, aunque puede ser innovadora en el contexto actual de renovación conceptual vinculado al desarrollo sustentable. En la Escuela de Arquitectura de Sevilla existe una gran tradición investigadora en materia de sustentabilidad, pero poco extrapolada a la enseñanza. También es necesaria una mejora significativa de la educación desde el ámbito metodológico. En este sentido, los concursos proporcionan una oportunidad que define una situación potencialmente afortunada para la innovación educativa. Partiendo de esta base, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprobar cómo la construcción de un prototipo a escala real, como estrategia metodológica educativa activa, de la mano de una metodología de diseño bioclimático consolidada en dicha escuela de arquitectura, permite lograr grandes resultados tanto en términos educativos como bioclimáticos. La metodología educativa empleada aúna las siguientes directrices: el taller como ámbito integrador para el aprendizaje arquitectónico; la construcción de un prototipo como situación educativa que trasciende lo arquitectónico; la conceptualización de los nuevos retos marcados por la sustentabilidad y su aplicación práctica y efectiva al proyecto, diseño y construcción arquitectónicos. Todas herramientas puestas en valor dan respuesta efectiva a las carencias actualmente detectadas e interiorizadas del aprendizaje-enseñanza y, por tanto, del quehacer arquitectónico, Using the physical construction of a prototype as an educational tool is not new, although it can be innovative in the current context of conceptual renewal linked to sustainable development. At the School of Architecture of Seville, there is a great research tradition on sustainability, but little is extrapolated into teaching. There is also a need for a significant improvement in education from the methodological point of view. In this sense, competitions provide an opportunity that defines a potentially rewarding situation for educational innovation. From this starting point, this research aims at verifying how the construction of a full-scale prototype, as an active educational methodological strategy and following a bioclimatic design methodology consolidated in said School of Architecture, allows achieving great results both in educational and bioclimatic terms. The educational methodology brings together the following guidelines: the workshop as an integrating environment for architectural learning; the construction of a prototype as an educational situation that transcends the architectural; the conceptualization of new challenges marked by sustainability and their practical and effective application to the architectural project, design, and architectural construction. All the tools are valuable and effectively respond to shortcomings detected and internalized in teaching-learning, and, consequently, architectural activities.

En referencia a la situación de emergencia actual por la que estamos pasando tras la crisis provocada por la pandemia y otras cuestiones como la situación política, parece haber cobrado bastante importancia la ejecución de ciertas edificaciones en el menor tiempo posible, dada la necesidad. En consideración a estos aspectos, resulta oportuno echar la vista atrás para analizar la forma en la que abordaron un problema de emergencia con ciertas características en común en el pasado. Para ello, vamos a irnos a un contexto donde la construcción prefabricada no estaba dotada de gran experiencia, en particular a la España de los años 60. Es conveniente recordar la situación de España en la época, marcada por el aislamiento políticos y la escasez de medios disponibles, no obstante, ante las dificultades y los impedimentos surgieron grandes ideas para contrarrestar los daños. Esta situación de emergencia se debió a unas grandes riadas provocadas en el año 1961 en gran parte del territorio español, que posteriormente se fueron repitiendo a lo largo de la década, provocando la perdida de la vivienda por parte de miles de familias. Ante esta situación, en el intervalo de 4 años se llevaron a cabo por orden del Ministerio de Vivienda la ejecución de una serie de ‘’albergues provisionales’’. Para ello, vamos a centrar el estudio en los albergues provisionales más relevantes y documentados, realizados en Madrid, Barcelona, Sevilla, Córdoba y Granada. A partir de esta información, se hará hincapié en la obra de Rafael de La-Hoz y Gerardo de Olivares en Córdoba, destacando entre las demás por su grado de prefabricación y tiempos de ejecución. Analizando el desarrollo de los procesos y características constructivos. Centrándonos en la prefabricación ligera aplicada, como característica pionera en España en los años 60 como respuesta a la necesidad masiva de viviendas de emergencia debido a las inundaciones.

The increasingly urgent phenomenon of global warming has a critical epicentre in the topic of urban thermal comfort, which is significantly influenced by the urban heat island effect. In this built environment, creative thinking is required to shape pleasant, healthy, and sustainable microclimates, and not only urban planners and designers but also researchers and software developers are all involved in the search for feasible solutions, tools and opportunities. This chapter evaluates the potential use of one of the most dominant urban configurations in historic Mediterranean cities, the courtyard, as a promising thermal tempering solution to mitigate the impact of climate-related events. The methodology to evaluate the potential of the courtyard microclimate as a climate-responsive strategy follows a top-down approach. Firstly, the relevance of courtyards at city-scale is evaluated in two historic city centres in Spain, Seville and Cordoba. Secondly, six representative courtyards are characterised and monitored to evaluate their thermal benefits. Thirdly, alternatives to improve courtyard performance are discussed and tested in two scenarios. Finally, an urban CFD software to support efficient courtyard design is evaluated in case studies. The results show that this building configuration is highly representative of both historic urban contexts, with approximately 80% of existing plots having inner courtyards. Moreover, the monitored data demonstrates the potential thermal benefits of courtyard microclimates, which can reduce outdoor peak temperature from 6.8 up to 14.3 °C during the hottest days. The analyses show that courtyards with a height/width relation (aspect ratio) above 3 perform better, especially with additional shading devices to reduce solar gains. Finally, the study demonstrated the need to develop more procedures to accurately simulate the specific microclimate of these deep, small-scale spaces as a climate-resilient strategy for buildings and citie

Hungría, Budapest… julio de 2019; el Equipo Solar Decathlon de la Universidad de Sevilla se dispone a defender las 10 pruebas de las que consta el Decathlon Solar: la competición universitaria de hábitat sostenible más relevante del mundo. Pero, para llegar hasta aquí, se han tenido que producir previamente toda una serie de acontecimientos: trabajos e investigaciones entrecruzadas, apoyos públicos y privados, diseños, proyectos, ensambles, construcciones, transportes, montajes… casi encajados a modo de puzle y, sin los cuales, la pieza final -el Prototipo Aura 3.1-, no habría podido existir. En medio, el apoyo de estudiantes, profesores e investigadores de la U.S., pertenecientes a la casi totalidad de escuelas y facultades que la integran, coordinadas a través de la Subdirección de Hábitat Sostenible de la E.T.S. de Arquitectura, en cuyo polideportivo se produjo el engarce final de las diferentes piezas, previo a su envío a la capital húngara —concretamente a la pequeña localidad de Szentendre-. Este trayecto, que comienza a orillas del Guadalquivir, y concluye en el Danubio… no es en realidad más que un punto y seguido de una trayectoria que, comenzando en Madrid en 2010, y pasando por Cali en 2015 (en lo que supuso la primera participación en el Solar Decathlon de Latinoamérica y la creación del Proyecto Aura), aterriza de nuevo en Europa y tiene vocación de continuar mediante investigaciones transdisciplinares y docencia apoyada en sistemas de aprendizaje mediante la resolución de proyectos., As a large proportion of housing stock does not meet the current demands for energy and comfort (leading to high levels of obsolescence and vulnerability), the annual rate of energy upgrades for the existing stock must be increased. Within this context, the Aura 3.1 Project was developed for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2019 Competition, the most prestigious collegiate competition related to sustainable habitat at a global level. The project was based around a sustainable construction strategy for the urban regeneration of obsolete residential neighbourhoods through the reuse of existing buildings considering Mediterranean climate and energy. This article presents the main retrofit action. Quantitative data regarding the validity and effectiveness of the Aura Strategy could be collected from the monitoring of the Pavilion prototype during the competition. Two first prizes were won in contests with on-site measurements: Comfort conditions and House Functioning. Third place was also obtained in the Sustainability contest, thus confirming the enormous possibilities the Aura Strategy has for sustainable urban regeneration in retrofitting social housing.

Durante los últimos años están siendo más evidentes los efectos que como sociedad estamos viviendo fruto del cambio climático. Es así como según estudios del grupo intergubernamental de expertos sobre el cambio climático han manifestado que como resultado de estos cambios la temperatura del aire está cada vez más en aumento. Actualmente se está calculado un incremento del 0.7 o C anual. Lo cual requerirá a las ciudades generar estrategias que permitan reducir los efectos de la subida de las temperaturas. Es aquí donde las soluciones vegetales o soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (Nature Based Solutions) surgen como respuesta a los cambios que actualmente tenemos en nuestra sociedad, de esta manera se abarca el estudio de estos en el presente trabajo de fin de máster. En primera manera se desarrolla el estudio de sistemas vegetales sobre la generación de microclimas urbanos, en el cual se detallan los sistemas constructivos y tecnológicos disponibles en la actualidad. Esto mediante el estudio puntual de cubiertas vegetales que se encuentran hoy en día en la ciudad de Sevilla. Dentro de los aspectos importantes que se encontraron al momento de implementar una cubierta vegetal fueron: el estudio del clima donde se va a ubicar la cubierta, así como de la pluviometría, este último factor es importante debido a la selección del sistema de irrigación a implementar. Por último, encontramos el uso que a esta se le pretende dar, de esta forma se puede definir el sistema vegetal óptimo a utilizar. Esta estrategia de resiliencia ha sido pionera en Alemania, y ha sido replicada en países como Japón, Canadá, Singapur, etc. En esta investigación, mediante la simulación de estos sistemas vegetales se ha logrado comprobar que en la ciudad de Sevilla estos sistemas son viables, además de generar resiliencia urbana, mediante la generación de microclimas urbanos. En concreto se realizó el estudio sobre la barriada “Remedios el viejo”, localizado en el distrito Triana-remedios de la ci, In recent years, the effects that we are experiencing as a society because of climate change have become more evident. Thus, according to studies by the intergovernmental group of experts on climate change, it has been stated that because of these changes, the air temperature is increasing. An annual increase of 0.7 o C is currently being calculated. This will lead cities to necessarily generate strategies that would reduce the effects of rising temperatures. It is here where greenery systems arise in response to the changes that we currently have work on in our society, in this way the study of these is covered in the present end of the master's degree. In the first way, the study of greenery systems on the generation of urban microclimates is developed, in which the construction and technological systems available today are detailed. This through the specific study of green roofs that are found today in the city of Seville. Among the important aspects that were found at the time of implementing green roofs were: the study of the climate where the cover is going to be located, as well as the rainfall, this last factor is important due to the selection of the irrigation system to implement. Finally, we find the use that it is intended to give, in this way the optimal plant species to be use can be defined. Germany has been a pioneer in this resilience strategy, and has been replicated in countries such as Japan, Canada, Singapore, etc. In this research, through the simulation of these roof systems, it has been possible to verify that in the city of Seville these systems are viable, in addition to generating urban resilience, through the generation of urban microclimates. Specifically, a study was carried out on the “Remedios El Viejo” neighborhood, located in the Triana-Remedios district of the city of Seville. In this, using the ENVI-met 4.4.6 simulation software, eight simulations will be developed in two different scenarios. These two scenarios were in one block