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Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) is a promising technology that can provide a low-emission energy carrier for long-term storage. This study presents an optimization approach to a novel small-scale containerized P2A concept commissioned in 2024. A dynamic nonlinear optimization problem of the P2A concept is set up, employing the non-commercial MOSAIC (R) software V3.0.1 in combination with the NEOS (R) server. In total, seven optimization solvers, ANTIGONE (R), CONOPT (R), IPOPT (R), KNITRO (R), MINOS (R), PATHNLP (R), and SNOPT (R), are used. The first and main part of this work optimizes several disturbance scenarios of the concept and aims to determine the optimal reactor temperature profile to counter the disturbances. The optimization results suggest, for example, lowering the reactor temperature profile if the hydrogen and nitrogen inlet streams into the system decrease. The second part of this work presents a crude dynamic optimal scheduling model. This part aims to determine the amount of ammonia to be produced and sold given a randomized price of electricity for three consecutive points in time. The optimization results recommend decreasing production when the price of electricity is high and vice versa. However, the dynamic model must be improved to include fluctuations in the price of ammonia. Then, it can be used as a real-time optimization tool., QC 20240923

Through the use of state space, continuous optimal control, and discrete optimal control, a digital flight control system was designed for the terrain following task. After formulating the aircraft linear perturbation model, the deterministic regulator problem was solved with a quadratic performance index to provide the desired continuous closed loop system. The system and performance index were then discretized to form a discrete deterministic regulator problem. This discrete regulator problem was then solved as a function of sample rate using eigenvector decomposition to determine a minimum acceptable rate for sampling. The effects of sample rate on the system were then examined. A sample rate of five hertz was shown to be high enough to adequately form the desired controls. A reference command generator based on constant energy path legs was developed to provide the required reference states and control inputs. The reference terrain following path was generated by an optimal cubic spline algorithm. The aircraft was shown to track the desired path in a highly acceptable manner through the use of a hybrid simulation. The design method utilized is recommended for consideration in designing the digital flight control system for other flight control tasks. (Author)

Albuquerque is a natural stopping place because of its location in the Southwest. I have always felt that automobile tourists used Albuquerque for a nights stop because we are a good ways drive from any big city. In any direction if a tourist passes Albuquerque he has a long way to drive to get city conveniences again. With this in mind I have chosen to design a motor hotel that will cater not only to passing tourists, but also to conventioneers.