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This paper intended to analyze the practices of digital citizenship among university student in Pakistan. The quantitative descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study was 800 students of BS (Education) program in ten public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of sample. The sample of the study was 280 students (120 males and 160 females). The research instrument used for the data collection was a five-point Likert scale having nine aspects of digital citizenship identified by Ribble and Baily (2007). The validity of the research instrument was ensured through experts' opinion. Cronbach's Alpha value was used for the reliability of this instrument and its value was .89. The data were analyzed by applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. The research concluded that the majority of the students were involved in the digital citizenship practices in all the ten public sector universities. It was suggested that universities may manage digital citizenship education, formulate the laws for using digital citizenship for positive and healthy activities, conduct co-curricular activities to promote the knowledge of students and integrate digital citizenship education into the curriculum at all stages of education.

This research study was designed to explore the teaching-learning approaches to distance education and measuring students' learning perceptions. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, eight hundred and two (802) students of the Master of Arts in a distance education university were taken using the universal sampling. Data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire. The validity and reliability were properly ensured. Descriptive statistics such as mean gained score and standard deviation were applied to analyze the data. The study found that the time for solving home assignments was enough but the students were confused about the procedure to upload it on the learning management system (LMS).Online workshops were conducted by using the learning management system (LMS) but communication flaws were found in using (LMS) Aaghai portal. The students were quite satisfied with teaching-learning techniques, TV and radio programs, and the study material. It was also concluded that the students were not satisfied with the conduction of the online workshop through LMS due to unstable internet, no familiarization with LMS and the slow process of the Aaghai portal. It is recommended that the AIOU may provide proper guidelines through the conduction of training about the use of technology for assignments and workshops purposes.

The areas of research and methodological dimensions in the distance education are expanding rapidly due to technological advances (Wong et al., 2016). This research intends to investigate the imbalances in domains of research topics and methodological dimensions in the doctoral level dissertations at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) between 2001-2014. The 37 PhD dissertations accessed from the Higher Education Commission (HEC)'s research repository were selected as the sample of this study, which were reviewed to record the research topics, research types/models, data collection tools and data analysis instruments and categories of the participants. The results of this study revealed imbalanced approach of PhD researchers towards addressing the research areas in distance education and research methodological considerations used to tackle the research issues in doctoral level dissertations at AIOU. The outcomes of this study contribute to the existing literature on the research trends of distance education, in addition to informing the academics, AIOU-based supervisors and HEC-based policy-makers to address the imbalanced approach to achieve the comprehensive picture of the research issues in distance education. This is critical for successful promotion and implementation of distance education and prioritization of research areas in Pakistani distance education sector.

Values play a vital role in any teacher-training program. The value practices, used by teacher educators affect students' understanding and practicing of values. This study aimed to explore the value related practices of teacher educators and to rank the value practices of education programs at a public sector university. Survey method was used for the study and the population comprised prospective teachers of education program at the university. 100 prospective teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed by using mean. It was found that there were several value related practices used by teacher educators such as realness, prizing, empathic understanding, fully functioning person, humility, lovingness, courage--overcoming one's own fears, tolerance, decisiveness, living the tension between patience and impatience and the joy of living. With reference to ranking, realness stood above all other values. It is recommended that there may be more focus on different value related practices and that these are introduced in contents of teacher education program.

The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main cause behind this enormous deployment of RES is to combat the global warming and to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the abundant available sources of energy throughout the world. However, the huge deployment of wind energy in the power system cause vulnerability to the system. The main cause is the lack of system inertia in RES which cannot effectively respond during the power imbalance condition. To counter this effect, the virtual synchronous generators are deployed in the RES based power system. The VSG mimics the synchronous generator features and therefore it possesses the ability to provide the inertial support to system. In this paper, a wind base multiple VSG system is proposed to counter the frequency irregularities of the system. Furthermore, a comparison with classical droop control is done based on load variation. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the values of damping and inertia of the VSG. The performance of the proposed system is validated in MATLAB/Simulink 2019.

The current study was designed to analyze the curriculum of the teaching of social studies in the context of Castro & Galace Model of Peace Education (2010) (CGMP) applying the suggested framework by Levander & Mikkola (2009) about core curriculum using concept mapping framework (CMF). The concept map instrument was developed based on all three aspects of peace education. According to the concept mapping framework, the text was noted and explained. Experts' peer reliability was established through curriculum analysis by experienced experts. The analysis reflects that concepts of peace education exist in the curriculum in the context of the Castro & Galace Model of Peace Education (2010) and Peace Education is also presented in the learning activities. The analysis exposed that 9 aspects out of 9 of peace knowledge represented while 11 aspects out of 12 regarding peace values and 7 out of 8 aspects have representation. The unit wise analysis exposed that 4 units out of 6 (67%) regarding peace knowledge while 4 units out of 6 (67%) regarding peace values and 5 units out of 6 (83%) have representation of peace skills. It is recommended that Higher Education Commission (HEC) should revise the curriculum, design a separate course for peace education, give equal weightage to all aspects of peace education and manage cocurricular activities for B.Ed. (Hons) elementary 4 years program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted to explore the differences among the self-efficacy beliefs of mentees (primary student teachers) with their mentors (in-service primary teachers) and the self-efficacy of teachers concerning their experience. Ninety participants (forty-five mentors and forty-five mentees) were selected randomly from a city in the northeast province of China. Five mentors from each of the nine schools were selected where mentees (student teachers) went for practicum during pre-service training. The mentees were surveyed after the completion of their practicum period. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (long form) was used as a research instrument. There was no significant difference between the participants on the basis of experience. Further, there was no significant difference between the self-efficacy of mentors and mentees regarding sub-factors of self-efficacy; instructional strategies (IS), students' engagement (SE) and classroom management (CM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values play a vital role in any teacher-training program. The value practices, used by teacher educators affect students' understanding and practicing of values. This study aimed to explore the value related practices of teacher educators and to rank the value practices of education programs at a public sector university. Survey method was used for the study and the population comprised prospective teachers of education program at the university.100 prospective teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed by using mean. It was found that there were several value related practices used by teacher educators such as realness, prizing, empathic understanding, fully functioning person, humility, lovingness, courage - overcoming one's own fears, tolerance, decisiveness, living the tension between patience and impatience and the joy of living. With reference to ranking, realness stood above all other values. It is recommended that there may be more focus on different value related practices and that these are introduced in contents of teacher education program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]