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OBJECTIVE: By observing the nystagmus forms at different positions during Epley reduction in patients with posterior semicircular canal benign parochial positional vertigo(PC-BPPV), to compare the effects of the first reduction, and to further summarize the possible causes of reduction failure and the prognosis of patients with different nystagmus forms. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 191 PC-BPPV patients diagnosed with PC-BPPV showed that 95 cases had positive nystagmus during the reduction process(group A), 69 cases had no nystagmus (group B), and 27 cases had reverse nystagmus (group C). All the patients were diagnosed by G-Force BPPV and were treated through simulative Epley CRP. The form of nystagmus and the effect of the first reduction were compared. RESULTS: The first reduction effect of group A was better than that of group C(P < 0.05). The reduction effect of group B was better than that of group C(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the reduction effect between group A and group B(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The form of nystagmus in the reduction process of PC-BPPV has a certain guiding significance for the evaluation of the first reduction effect and the successful reduction. The reverse nystagmus during the reduction process indicates a poor reduction effect.

OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the reduction effect of the evoked nystagmus in the non-affect side during Dix-Hallpike(D-H) or Roll-test in unilateral posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(PC-BPPV) and PC-BPPV without above evoked nystagmus. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 210 patients diagnosed with unilateral PC-BPPV by G-Force BPPV CRP system was made. Among them, 18 patients exhibited positive nystagmus only when the non-affected side was stimulated by D-H test(Group A), 30 was evoked only when stimulated by Roll-test(Group B), 26 was evoked when stimulated by both Roll-test and the non-affected side D-H test(Group C), 136 without nystagmus in the above positions(Group D). All the patients were diagnosed by G-Force BPPV and were treated through simulative Epley or Semont CRP. Compare the reduction effect among the groups. RESULT: At the first time, the reduction effect of nystagmus in Group D was superior to those in Group A and Group C(P < 0.05). There was no difference between Group D and Group B(P>0.05). The difference between Group A and Group C was also non-significant(P>0.05). The average CRP times of the four groups(CRP until nystagmus disappeared or no longer alleviated) were 1.44±0.63(Group A), 1.46±0.65(Group B), 1.52±0.87(Group C) and 1.48±0.73(Group D)respectively. There were no statistic difference between four groups(P>0.05). The differences of final reduction effect between groups were the same as those at the first time. CONCLUSION: The first time reduction effect was less effective when nystagmus evoked the non-affect side during D-H test in unilateral PC-BPPV, while it might be irrelevant to the nystagmus evoked only in Roll-test. Although the times of CRP were similar among the groups, the final reduction effect of groups with nystagmus evoked the non-affect side during D-H was poorer.

A reconfigurable three-dimensional mode (De)MUX is proposed via a triple-silicon-waveguide coupler with epsilon-near-zero ITO. The optimized mode (De)MUX is with the mode crosstalk of -20.3 dB (-9.2 dB) at "OFF" ("ON") state, respectively.

About 90% of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma sensitive to radiotherapy and indicates a better prognosis than other types. Therefore it is important to optimize the radiation scheme and to set reasonable irradiation dose for better survival rate and life quality of the NPC patients. Herein this paper, we reviewed various radiotherapies of current practice in the clinical about the dis/advantages, applicable conditions, major complications and research prospective.