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Background Digital servitization is a strategic transformation where companies adopt a service-focused approach in response to the prevailing trend of digitalization. Utilizing digital technology, businesses manage product and service operations and develop new value propositions. Further research into digital servitization is essential for maintaining competitiveness and meeting evolving market demands globally. This study aims to comprehend the evolution of digital services from theoretical and practical viewpoints and examines how these challenges are tackled. Methods Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, the study adopts the PRISMA approach to identify 26 pertinent articles from a pool of 340 papers obtained through a SCOPUS database search. These papers were published between 2019 and 2024 and were retrieved using the keywords (‘digitalization OR digital AND servitization OR servitization’). The selection process involved scrutinizing titles, abstracts, and keywords based on predefined criteria. Results The findings reveal that current digital servitization research emphasizes five determinant variables: digitization, servitization, manufacturing servitization, process innovation, and product innovation. Additionally, response variables influenced by digital servitization were identified, including firm competitiveness, firm performance, financial performance, firm profitability, and sustainable performance. Discussion The results of this review point to inconsistencies, underscoring the necessity for additional research into the factors influencing digital servitization across companies beyond the manufacturing sector. This highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of digital servitization strategies and their impacts across various industries. By expanding the scope of research to include a broader range of sectors, researchers can provide more comprehensive insights into the complexities and nuances of digital servitization adoption. This broader perspective enables a more thorough examination of the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing digital servitization strategies, ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of its implications for businesses across diverse industries.

Mathematical literacy is the basis for students to fully understand learning in the 21st-century era. The low mathematical literacy ability of students in elementary schools reduces the quality of education and participation of students in everyday life. Therefore, there is a need to develop learning modules to increase student literacy. Using an ethnomathematics-based teaching module with the RME approach is one solution. The goal of this development research is to create teaching modules that can improve the mathematical literacy of fifth-grade s elementary school students. The research subjects were students and teachers of fifth-grade elementary schools in Petanahan District. Observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and tests are used as data collection methods. Both qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis were used to process the data. The results showed that the validation was rated as very good category by linguists 93.8%, material 94%, and design experts 92%. According to students responses, the practicality level falls within the 87.65% very good category. The effectiveness of the teaching module on mathematical literacy can be seen from the significance level 0.000 0.05, teaching module has a positive effect on improving mathematical literacy of fifth-grade students in elementary school. So, the ethnomathematics-based teaching module with a realistic mathematics education approach to improve mathematical literacy is valid, practical, and effective. Research and development of this ethnomathematics-based teaching module has been proven effective only in Petanahan District, it needs to be tested for effectiveness in a wider population so that it can be used more widely. Other researchers can develop similar teaching modules by taking ethnomathematics in other areas.

Currently, research on natural fiber composites (NFC) for automotive applications has attracted the attention of researchers and academics. Natural fibers such as coconut fiber and wood powder are mixed with metal materials such as aluminum and copper to obtain the composite characteristics of automatic motorcycle clutch pad materials. Coconut fiber and wood powder are suitable natural materials for composites and are easily obtained from waste. Natural fiber materials with metal reinforcement into composites are expected to produce materials suitable for friction materials such as clutch pads and brake pads with a good characteristic. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the coefficient of friction, wear, and hardness of NFC materials reinforced aluminum and copper powder for the performance of automatic motorcycle clutch pads. Experiments were carried out on various compositions of aluminum and copper powder. Tribometer testing was carried out to determine the friction coefficient and wear. Hardness testing using the Vickers method and testing the performance of automatic motorbikes with a chassis dyno test. The results show that the performances of the clutch pad with NFC-reinforced aluminum and copper show power and torque results that resemble the performances of genuine part materials in each operating cycle. The value of friction coefficient, wear, and hardness of this material are a value close to that of a genuine part clutch pad material. The improved performance of this material is expected to be considered in the manufacture of future clutch pads.

The research aims to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of different learning models on mathematics learning outcomes, specifically focusing on the students' van Hiele geometric reasoning capacity. The study employed a quasi-experimental design. The practice is carried out in Public Junior High Schools in Sukoharjo Regency, part of the Central Java Province in Indonesia. The utilized learning models were transformative learning, actual mathematics education, and direct instruction. The study encompassed a total of 281 individuals, who were selected from 9 classes across three distinct institutions. Data analysis is conducted with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach. The research findings indicate that (1) the learning model has a positive and significant impact on mathematics learning outcomes; (2) the van Hiele level of geometric thinking ability has a positive and significant influence on mathematics learning outcomes; (3) there is a positive and significant interaction between learning models and van Hiele level of geometric thinking ability on mathematics learning outcomes; and (4) among the transformative learning, Real Mathematics Education, and Direct Instruction models, the transformative learning model yields the best mathematics learning outcomes.

Giving a high level modification story problems with multistep routine and non-routine problems in cartesian coordinate learning is an effort to achieve optimal learning and also important because it has good effect for students. Less than optimal learning of cartesian coordinates for eight grade it was usually represented by the frequent of student errors occurrence on an ongoing basis in solving on mathematical problems in assignments and daily tests. This research purpose was to reveal the dominant factor were caused eighth grade student errors in solving on cartesian coordinate multistep routine and non-routine modification story problems. This research is a descriptive qualitative in type. Research data collection based on survey, interview, test and documentation. The research subjects in this research were eight grade students of SMPN 4 Wonosobo. In this research 18 students of eight grade students SMPN 4 Wonosobo as the research sample. The sampling technique it was used in this research is purposive sampling. The results of this research indicate the dominant factor were caused eighth grade student errors in solving on cartesian coordinate multistep routine and non-routine modification story problems is students difficulties. Students difficulties such as compiling steps to solve problems in the form of multistep story problems, understanding the position conception of starting point with a certain point, understanding the conception of a perpendicular lines and a parallel lines to the X and Y axis, determining the distance of a point to certain point. The implication of this research is can obtain information about the dominant factor were caused student errors in solving on cartesian coordinate multistep routine and non-routine modification story problems as the relation to the current idealization of mathematics learning optimization and can be able for planing another appropriate and solution steps for the implementation of mathematics learning in an effort to minimize student errors.

This study aims to determine the difficulty of solving mathematic problems among students AQ climbers, AQ campers, and AQ quitters. This type of research was qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The subject of this study is the 3rd grade of XI MIPA Batik High School 2 Surakarta in the academic year 2020/2021 which constitutes 6 students. The subject taking was done by giving an adversity quotient questionnaire. From the results of filling out the questionnaire, the subjects were categorized based on their AQ. Furthermore, given a mathematic problem-solving test. After seeing the test results, three subjects representing AQ climbers, AQ campers, and AQ quitters were selected purposively for further interviews. The results showed: 1) The climbers subject experienced two difficulties in solving mathematic problems, namely difficulties in understanding problems and difficulties in implementing plans. 2) The subject of the campers has three difficulties in solving mathematic problems, namely difficulties in understanding problems, difficulties in implementing plans, and difficulties in reviewing. 3) The quitters subject experiences four difficulties in solving mathematic problems, namely difficulties in understanding problems, difficulties in planning, difficulties in implementing plans and difficulties in reviewing, and difficulties in revisiting.

The aims from this research are to describe the mistake of solving kesebangunan problems in terms of the self confidence and mathematics anxiety of junior high school students. This type of this research is qualitative descriptive. The main data of this research are test results, self-confidence questionnaires results, mathematics anxiety questionnaires results and interviews results. The subject of this research are the students who have low, medium and high self-confidence with low, medium and high mathematics anxiety. The student will be given a test to find out the mistakes. Interviews were conducted to students who made the most mistakes. The results of this research indicated that students who have low, medium or high self-confidence with low, medium or high math anxiety make a mistake of concept at the stage of formulating strategies to solve problems. The mistake of strategy that many students made were removing unit data in the arithmetic operation process at the stage of implementing the planned strategy. The other mistakes made were a mistake of strategy in the stage of carry out the planned strategy and a mistake of counting operations in the stage of re-examination occurred in each group.

This research aims to 1) which learning model that supports students’ creative thinking ability whether discovery, CORE, or conventional learning model, 2) which model that supports creative thinking ability the most to high, moderate, and low level students, 3) know if there is interaction between learning model and students’ logical mathematical intelligence, and creative thinking ability. This is a quasi-experimental research with the population of eighth graders of junior high schools in Madiun Regency. The research design used a group pretest-posttest control design. The sample was determined using stratified cluster random sampling. This research uses two-way unequal ANOVA. This research concluded that 1) students’ creative thinking skill is developed better using Discovery than CORE and conventional learning model, 2) students with high logical mathematical intelligence have higher creative thinking ability than those with moderate and low logical mathematical intelligence,3) there is no interaction between learning model and logical mathematical intelligence with creative thinking ability. Keywords: Creative Thinking; Learning Model; Logical Mathematical Intelligence. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitan ini untuk mengetahui 1) model pembelajaran manakah yang memberikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang lebih antara model pembelajaran discovery learning, CORE atau konvensional, 2) manakah yang memberikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang lebih baik siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi, sedang, atau rendah, 3) apakah terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan keceredasan logis matematis dengan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah eksperimen semu, dengan populasi siswa kelas VIII SMP N Se-Kabupaten Madiun. Desain penelitian menggunakan group pretest-posttest control design Pemilihan sampel dengan menggunakan stratified cluster random sampling. Teknik analisis penelitian ini menggunakan anava dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini 1) kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang kenai model discovery learning lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran CORE dan konvensional, 2) Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis sedang dan rendah, , 3) tidak ada interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kecerdasan logis matematis dengan kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Kata kunci: Berpikir kreatif; kecerdasan logis matematis; model pembelajaran.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa SMA ditinjau dari self efficacy khususnya pada materi matriks. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dimana data utama pada penelitian ini adalah hasil tes pemahaman konsep matematika, angket self efficacy dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa dengan self efficacy tinggi, sedang dan rendah yang kemudian diberi tes pemahaman konsep matematika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap hasil tes siswa dan melakukan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dengan self efficacy tinggi sudah baik dengan menguasai indikator pemahaman konsep yaitu menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, mengklasifikasi objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu, menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi matematis, menjelaskan keterkaitan antara konsep satu dengan konsep lainnya dan menerapkan konsep dalam pemecahan masalah. Sedangkan siswa dengan self efficacy sedang menguasai indikator menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, mengklasifikasi objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu dan menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi matematis. Dan siswa dengan self efficacy rendah hanya menguasai indikator menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep. Kata kunci: Pemahaman konsep matematika; self efficacy. Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the understanding mathematics concepts of senior high school students' in term of self-efficacy, especially in matrix. This study is descriptive qualitative that the main data of this study are test, questionnaire, and interview. The research subjects is senior high school students’ with many categories such as high, medium, and low in self-efficacy. Then, the researcher give test about the understanding mathematics concepts. The researcher is doing interview and triangulation method to the students. The results of this study indicate that the students' understanding of mathematics concepts with high self-efficacy is good by mastering the conceptual understanding indicators, such as restating a concept, classifying the objects according to specific categories, presenting concepts in various forms of mathematics representation, explaining the relationship between one concept and another concept and applying some concepts in problem solving. Meanwhile, the students with medium self-efficacy are mastering indicators of restating a concept, classifying the objects according to specific categories and presenting concepts in various forms of mathematics representations, and the students with low self-efficacy are only mastering the indicator of restating a concept. Keywords: Self efficacy; understanding of mathematics concepts.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa berdasarkan gaya kognitif reflektif siswa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini meliputi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Kota Jambi tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengambilan subjek menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua siswa yang mewakili gaya kognitif reflektif dan sesuai dengan pertimbangan guru. Materi tes uraian untuk mengukur kemampuan koneksi matematis adalah materi yang telah dipelajari siswa yaitu materi persamaan linear dua variabel. Intrumen tes kemampuan koneksi matematis terdiri dari tiga butir soal yang mana setiap satu soal memuat satu indikator. Intrumen tes untuk mengukur gaya kognitif reflektif siswa menggunakan Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) yang dicetuskan oleh Jerome Kagan. Instrumen MFFT pada penelitian ini mengadopsi dari Warli (2010). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa ditinjau dari gaya kognitif reflektif siswa dalam kategori baik. Siswa telah memenuhi paling sedikit dua indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis dari pencapain tiga indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis yang harus dipenuhi yaitu siswa dapat menghubungkan konsep-konsep antar topik matematika lainnya dan menghubungkan konsep matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci: Gaya kognitif reflektif; kemampuan koneksi matematis; matematika. Abstract This research aims to describe students' mathematical connection ability based on their reflective cognitive style. This is a qualitative descriptive research involved eighth graders of State Junior High School of 20 Jambi in the academic year of 2020/2021. The subject was two students determined using purposive sampling technique who represented reflective cognitive style and were in accordance with the teacher's considerations. The essay test material to measure the mathematical connection ability is those that students had learned which are the two-variable linear equation material.The mathematical connection ability test instrument consists of three items, each of which contains one indicator. The test instrument to measure students' reflective cognitive style was the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) invented by Jerome Kagan. The MFFT instrument in this study was adopted from Warli (2010). The result showed that students’ mathematical connection ability viewed from students’ reflective cognitive style was in the good category. Students have fulfilled at least two out of three mathematical connection ability indicators: students were able to connect certain topics and other topics. and connect mathematical concept into daily life. Keywords: Mathematics; mathematical connective ability; reflective cognitive style.

One of the issues highlighted in the bureaucratic system in Indonesia is related to well-being A low level of well-being, often used as an excuse, why bureaucratic corruption, slower, less professional. Structuring the system of earning additional revenue needed for government employees, both at central and local levels, are in the same pattern so as to reduce the occurrence of significant differences between institutions and regions_ It will also affect the diversity ( diversity ) and disparity ( difference ) income is too high formulation of any civil servant payroll system should be based on consideration of adequate basic needs In addition other conditions of any employee ( PNS) also need to be considered. The values contained in a payroll system, particularly in the public sector, is not only meant to formulate a system that is fair and proportionate compared to the duties and responsibilities alone, but also to consider matters related to diversity as part of the income of civil servants social environment. It means that the environmental conditions concerning purchasing power and level of expensiveness, and incentive systems that exist in areas where civil servants are , should be part of the considerations in determining the formula the payroll system. Keywords: well-being system, formulation of payroll system, income, civil servants, civil servants

Leadership always be a subject matters in the bureaucracy area, that is why the problems of leadership have a specific character be influenced by feodalism culture. This condition especially has influenced to characteristic of bureaucracy that in the future involve to bureaucratic behavior. In this mean, a bureaucracy as an organization which include in the government apparatus. In the effective leadership, the competency for manage all off organization resources, could be one of the main competency needed. The effective leadership will support to appear the conducive bureaucracy behaviour. The research in Secretary of Kota Bandung, has been gotten that less of respondence perception about leadership of bureaucracy, in factually, have strongly correlation which cause to conducive bureaucracy behaviour, specifically in individual level. Based on the research, to improve the bureaucracy condition, it should start with increasing leadership quality effectively, so that, it’s possible to push up the well attitude of the employees and it will could appear the conducive bureaucracy behaviour. To improve that bureaucracy condition, it need support and intensively collaboration between academician and practician level in the research and development systematically about development system in the government environment.

Empowerment of employees in an organization is one important strategy to encourage the implementation of tasks and organizational function properly. Therefore, every leader in organizations, including government organizations is required to implement the empowerment of employees, because in this case is esserztially empowering employees is one of the competencies that must be possessed by every leader. In general, the ability of a leader in empowering employees, also is a pattern of leadership behaviors that can affect the pattern of work, spirit of work, and employee work motivation, winch is far longer be able to encourage the creation of good organizational performance.

New paradigm that is currently used by the government seems to have led to the modern management approach. The direction and orientation of the State administration system which prioritizes the changes in public services is an emerging paradigm in the 21st century. The role of government in the context of classical administration (Old Public Administration) which is more to manage, control is directly centered on the government monopoly (Rowing), then shifted into the role of nature in the context of controlling the direction (steering) where the public role began to be actively involved. Shift in orientation was constructed in the context of a growing state administration towards the perspective of New Public Management (NPM). Then, development was shifted back to the government's role is to serve the public more, so the paradigm to be serving oriented. This paradigm is formulated as a perspective of the New Public Services (NPS) that are contextually much emphasized the importance of the role of government to direct all forms of execution of state administration tasks in order to realize a public service

Weaknesses in the payroll system that the principles of justice in this system, institutionally tend not running Governments are required to firmly establish the same civil service salary structure, both for the central and regional levels . Of course this formula needs to be formulated in such a way that opportunities for gaps that are too high can be avoided Salary structure models offered by Research Team PKP2A I LAN is based on a model of the structure of the model with the merit system Composite Scale . Merit system geared to the principle that the salary system should have values objectivity based on work performance and the performance by considering the competence of the employees so that they feel valued in proportion. Meanwhile, Combined Scale, because in this case the team still considers that the two components are fixed and not fixed, it is still necessary in the model calculations in the PNS The persistence of the benefit system in addition to the determination of salary based on grade or rank/class of employees . In addition the models offered , the team seeks to design it with a combination of salary determination in the bureaucratic system of government with the establishment of Provincial Minimum Wage ( LIMP ), which is converted to the National Minimum Wage ( UMN ) as a result of the average minimum wage . Efforts to adopt UMP value in the payroll system is intended to Value Private payroll in environments with in the government there is a ''sameness'', although the similarities are not as a whole. Mix reason is also because Team considers that the system of wage/salary for civil servants with private systems should be in the same setting . It means that the policy is not a separate and partial, but must constitute a form of comprehensive systems and complement each other in the same policy

If we examine, are basically what are the duties and functions of government in a country, will focus on two important points that have characteristics of services, namely organizing and providing public services abd providing public goods. Overcome the weakness that, as has become a common phenomenon in the implementation of public services in Indonesia, it is necessary to the efforts of serious and earnest about it. In the case of service, the government did not only seek to build and develop a variety of rules, systems, service institutions only, but need to develop an innovative concept in order to improve the quality of service to the community. Service management is an inclusive concept of diversity-based service management needs, can be developed into a service management model that is expected to clarifity the meaning and development of service strategy in accordance with community needs, so it can be an effective response in a effort to improve the quality of public services

Pada dasarnya apa yang menjadi tugas dan fungsi pemerintahan dalam suatu negara akan mengkerucut pada dua hal penting yang memiliki karakteristik pelayanan, yakni: menyelenggarakan dan menyediakan jasa pelayanan publik (public service) dan menyediakan barang-barang publik (public goods). Untuk mengatasi kelemahan yang telah menjadi fenomena umum dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan publik di Indonesia, maka diperlukan upaya-upaya serius dan sungguh-sungguh untuk mengatasinya. Dalam hal pelayanan, pemerintah tidak hanya perlu membangun dan mengembangkan berbagai aturan, sistem, dan institusi-institusi pelayanan semata, tetapi juga harus membangun suatu pengelolaan keluhan atau pengaduan yang muncul dari masyarakat (customers) terhadap masalah pelayanan publik. Penyelesaian masalah pengaduan masyarakat, sebenarnya bukan hanya sebatas bagaimana menyelesaikan permasalahan yang diadukan, tetapi perlu menjadikan hasil pengaduan tersebut sebagai sumber informasi yang sangat berharga bagi organisasi untuk mengetahui kelemahan atau kekurangannya, sehingga dimungkinkan untuk dijadikan bahan evaluasi guna meningkatkan dan mengembangkan organisasi secara efektif.

Di Indonesia, reformasi birokrasi pemerintah merupakan bagian dari tuntutan reformasi secara total yang meliputi aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan hukum. Refromasu birokrasi salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui retrukturisasi dan reorganisasi Institusi paguyubanPAN . untuk itu diperluakn adanya format lain sebagai konsep atau model yang diharpkan akan mendapat citra birokrasi sekaligus dalam rangka menata kemabli struktur dan organisasi birokrasi. Penataan kelembagaan paguyuban PAN menjadi salah satu dasar strategis, karena dari situlah sebenarnya keluar kebijakan-kebijakan publik yang mengatur masalah aparatur republik ini.

Pemberian otonomi kepada daerah pada dasarnya merupakan upaya pemberdayaan daerah dalam rangka mengelola pembangunan di daerahnya. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih belum optimal, walaupun secara konseptual pentingnya otonomi daerah dalam rangka pemberdayaan daerah sudah disadari oleh seluruh komponen bangsa. Untuk memberdayakan daerah, setidakanya ad 3 faktor paradigma pemberdayaan yang perlu disepakati oleh semua pihak dalam rangka mewujudkan otonomi daerah yang nyata, yakni : pertama pemberdayaan dalam konteks teritorial (kewilayahan); kedua, pemberdayaan dalam konteks struktur (tata) pemerintahan, ketiga, pemberdayaan dalam konteks kemasyarakatan, dimana satu sam lain terkait.

Natural fiber materials are the sustainable sources used for future automotive elements, where the centrifugal clutch utilizes the frictional force on the clutch pads to transfer kinetic energy from the rotating crankshaft to the transmission and the wheels. These pads are produced from several natural composites, such as coconut fiber, as well as wood and shellfish powder, whose characteristics are being investigated for hardness, microstructure, and wear properties. Based on this study, performance analysis was carried out on the samples of composite centrifugal clutch applied to automatic motorcycles. As a comparison, subsequent analysis was conducted on the genuine clutch pad materials, where the results showed differences in the characteristics of each mixture composition of the natural fiber composites. This indicated that the addition of wood powder composition to the clutch pad increased the hardness and special wear values by an average of approximately 12.9 and 1.16%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite content was observed in the microstructure, as the maximum power and torque on the natural fiber materials were 10.7 hp and 17.17 N.m, respectively. The value was found to be closely similar to the genuine parts with maximum power and torque of 10.8 hp and 16.02 N.m, respectively.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of motivation, discipline, adversity quotient and integrity toward teachers’ competency test (UKG) of physical education and sports teachers in Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru. The method used in this study was a comparative causal method. Data analysis was used to determine the effect of exogenous variables with endogenous variables and between variables using Path Analysis with statistical calculations using Lisrel 8.80. Research data were collected using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire from four existing exogenous variables, namely motivation (X1), discipline (X2), adversity quotient (X3), integrity (X4), and documentary analysis for endogenous variables resulting from teachers’ competency test (UKG) of physical education and sports teachers (Y). The result of this study is motivation, discipline, adversity quotient and integrity have a positive direct effect on teachers’ competency test (UKG) of physical education and sports teachers in Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru.

Dunia birokrasi memang unik. Mungkin karena keunikannyalah, maka birokrasi ini dapat bertahan dalam situasi apapun. Dalam keadaan stabil, khaos, perang atau bahkan dalam keadaan hancurnya suatu Negara sekalipun, kecuali kiamat. Lantas apa sebenarnya yang menjadi keunikan birokrasi, termasuk kemampuannya untuk bertahan dalam segala situasi? Birokrasi adalah sebuah tipe organisasi yang menjalankan fungsi fungsi administrasi dan manajemen dalam skala besar. Batasan ini merupakan batasan yang diramu dari teori dan konsep sebagaimana banyak dikembangkan oleh para ahli administrasi, organisasi, dan manajemen. Dalam batasan ini, sebenarnya birokrasi memiliki makna yang luas dimana ia adalah merupakan salah satu tipe organisasi, kemudian ada proses administrasi dan manajemen yang dilakukan dalam upaya mengoperasionalisasikannya, dan berada pada lingkup organisasi yang berskala besar. Paling tidak, itulah pandangan yang dikemukakan oleh para pengkaji birokrasi seperti: Weber (dalam terjemahannya oleh Henderson dan Parsons, 1947); Gifford & Pinchot (1993), Blau dan Meyer (2000).

Tahun 2010 – 2011 merupakan tahun yang bersejarah bagi Lembaga Administrasi Negara (LAN). Mengapa demikian? Karena dalam periode tahun tersebut, LAN telah membuat catatan sejarah baru dalam perkembangan organisasinya. Beberapa langkah bersejarah yang dilakukan selama periode tahun tersebut, antara lain adanya beberapa perubahan yang diarahkan pada aspek-aspek kelembagaan, khususnya yang menyangkut masalah ketatalaksanaan dan sumber daya aparatur, baik Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) maupun Sarana dan Prasarana. Apa yang dilakukan oleh LAN tersebut, memang tidak terlepas dari upayanya untuk mensikapi dan melaksanakan salah satu program strategis nasional, yakni Reformasi Birokrasi. Reformasi Birokrasi di Indonesia sebenarnya merupakan suatu rangkaian perubahan yang terjadi sebagai salah satu bentuk implikasi dari adanya gerakan reformasi pada tahun 1997 sebagai dampak krisis multidimensi, yang kemudian mengakibatkan “runtuhnya” pemerintahan Orde Baru yang ditandai dengan mundurnya Presiden Soeharto dari kursi kepresidenan pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998, dan digantikan oleh Presiden Habibie yang pada saat itu menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden

This study aimed at searching the different effect of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) and Think Pair Share (TPS) types of cooperative learning models with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the students’ learning outcome viewed from students’ learning activity. The observation, interview, questionnaires, and tests were used to obtain the data which were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of research showed that: (1) STAD with RME approach provides better learning outcome than TPS with RME approach does; (2) the students with high learning activities have mathematics learning outcome better than those with medium and low learning activities; and (3) there is no interaction between the model of teaching and learning activities students to the results of the students’ mathematics learning.

This study aims to find out students’ metacognition process while solving the mathematics problem. It focuses on analyzing the metacognition process of students with high mathematics anxiety based on Polya’s problem solving phases. This study uses qualitative research with case study strategy. The subjects consist of 8 students of 7th grade selected through purposive sampling. Data in the form of Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS) result and recorded interview while solving mathematics problems were analyzed qualitatively using Miles and Huberman steps. Before selecting the subjects, the researcher gave the Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS) to obtain students with high anxiety. Then, subjects were interviewed while solving the problem to investigate their metacognition process. The results show that: (1) The metacognition processes of students with high anxiety in understanding the problem involve planning, monitoring, and evaluating to explore and understand information of the given problem. (2) The metacognition processes of students with high anxiety in devising a plan involve planning and monitoring to identify the possible strategy for solving the problem. (3) The metacognition processes of students with high anxiety in carrying out the plan involve planning to use the strategy and procedures to find the solution. (4) In the final steps namely looking back, there is no metacognition process of students with high anxiety identified. Thus, it can be said that the high of mathematics anxiety can cause the lack of students’ metacognition process while solving the mathematics problem. Therefore, it is important for the teachers to consider students mathematics anxiety to design and plan better mathematics learning. 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The aim of this study was to know the effect of Brain Based Learning (BBL) with a contextual approach to mathematics achievement. BBL-contextual is the learning model that designed to develop and optimize the brain ability for getting a new concept and solving the real life problem. This study method was a quasi-experiment. The population was the junior high school students. The sample chosen by using stratified cluster random sampling. The sample was 109 students. The data collected through a mathematics achievement test that was given after the treatment. The data analyzed by using one way ANOVA. The results of the study showed that BBL-contextual is better than direct learning on mathematics achievement. It means BBL-contextual could be an effective and innovative model.

Visual-spatial intelligence is one of the multiple bits of intelligence that important to solve a mathematics problem, especially in geometry. This present research investigates the profile of students’ visual-spatial intelligence. This research focuses on analysis and description of students’ visual-spatial intelligence level generally and its aspect when solving the geometric problem. Visual-spatial intelligence aspect, there is imagination, pattern seeking, problem-solving, and conceptualization. Qualitative research with case study strategy was used in this research. The subject in this research involved 12 students of 11th grades chosen with purposive sampling. Data in this research were students’ visual-spatial intelligence test result and task based interviews. They were asked to complete visual-spatial intelligence test before interview. The data was analyzed based on visual-spatial intelligence aspect of female and male students. The results of this research show that female students have better pattern seeking and conceptualization. Meanwhile, male students have better in imagination and problem-solving.

The objectives of this research were to investigate: (1) which learning model of the Cooperative learning model of the GI type, the Jigsaw II learning model, and the direct learning model results in a better learning achievement, (2) which students among the students with the high, moderate, and low spatial abilities have a better learning achievement, (3) in each of the Cooperative learning model of the GI type, the Jigsaw II learning model, and the direct learning which students among the students with the high, moderate, and low spatial abilities have a better learning achievement, and (4) in each of the high, moderate, and low spatial abilities which learning model of the Cooperative learning model of the GI type, the Jigsaw II learning model, and the direct learning model results in a better learning achievement . This research used the quasi experimental research method with the factorial design of 3 3  . Its population was all of the students of State Junior Secondary Schools of Karanganyar regency. The samples of the research were taken by using the stratified cluster random sampling technique. The samples consisted of 285 students. T he data of the research were gathered through test of spatial ability and test of learning achievement in Mathematics. The proposed hypotheses of the research were analyzed by using the two-way analysis of variance with unbalanced cells. The results of the research are as follows. 1) The cooperative learning model of the GI type results in a better learning achievement than the direct learning model, but results in the same good learning achievement in Mathematics as the Jigsaw II learning model, and the Jigsaw II learning model results in a better learning achievement than the direct learning model. 2). The students with the high spatial ability and those with the moderate spatial ability have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the low spatial ability, but the students with the high spatial ability have the same good learning achievement in Mathematics as those with the moderate spatial ability. (3) in each of the Cooperative learning model of the GI type, the Jigsaw II learning model, and the direct learning, students with the high spatial ability have the same good learning achievement in Mathematics as those with the moderate spatial ability, and both the students with the high spatial ability and those with the moderate spatial ability have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the low spatial ability. 4) in each of the high, moderate, and low spatial abilities, the Cooperative learning model of the GI type and the Jigsaw II learning model result in a better learning achievement in Mathematics than the direct learning model , but the cooperative learning model of the GI type results in the same good learning achievement as the Jigsaw II learning model.

Introduction: Dengue is one of the most common arthropodborne viral disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The disease is a burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic aspect. There is no specific drug for dengue infection yet and the availability of a vaccine is limited in most of the Indonesia’s endemic areas. In endemic areas, most of dengue fever cases clinically resemble other diseases such as malaria, typhus, or just flu-like syndrome. Early verification of suspected dengue outbreaks is very important, allowing better public health response that leads to a proper clinical care. Unfortunately, the use of dengue Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) is still rare at first level of the health care provider in Indonesia, where the country has the policy of a gradual health service supported by the National Health Insurance (NHI). Aim: The study measured the usefulness of dengue RDT at the Primary Health Centre (PHC) in endemic areas. Materials and Methods: DENV NS1 antigen test kit (NS1 RDT) was used to detect dengue fever for all acute fever patients at three sites of PHC which had high dengue case history. Dengue fever 2017 report was used as comparative data for the analysis. The collected data were analysed using an independent t-test. Results: A total of 237 blood samples from patients with acute fever were collected from Sukajadi, Neglasari and Padasuka PHC. Fifty-one samples out of 237 (21.5%) were positive with the DENV NS1 antigen test. The number of reported dengue case before and after the implementation of DENV NS1 antigen test increased significantly (p

Thematic learning is considered as efficient as the students taught learn in coherent context and holistic way, as well as associate the concepts they learnt with their surrounding and real-life examples. The aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of the problem-based thematic learning module prototype to improve students' critical thinking skills. This research and development were conducted based on Borg and Gall model. The module effectiveness was tested using pre-experimental design. The sampling technique used was cluster random sample which employed as many as 33 students in which the data collection technique used was test. The data gained was analyzed using paired sample t-test. The results showed that the students’ post-test score of critical thinking skills were significantly differed from their pre-test score. Therefore, the developed module can improve student critical thinking skills effectively. Moreover, it is suggested that teacher should apply a mixed method of teaching as it helps to strengthen students’ critical thinking skills.

Background Digital servitization is a strategic transformation where companies adopt a service-focused approach in response to the prevailing trend of digitalization. Utilizing digital technology, businesses manage product and service operations and develop new value propositions. Further research into digital servitization is essential for maintaining competitiveness and meeting evolving market demands globally. This study aims to comprehend the evolution of digital services from theoretical and practical viewpoints and examines how these challenges are tackled. Methods Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, the study adopts the PRISMA approach to identify 26 pertinent articles from a pool of 340 papers obtained through a SCOPUS database search. These papers were published between 2019 and 2024 and were retrieved using the keywords (‘digitalization OR digital AND servitization OR servitization’). The selection process involved scrutinizing titles, abstracts, and keywords based on predefined criteria. Results The findings reveal that current digital servitization research emphasizes five determinant variables: digitization, servitization, manufacturing servitization, process innovation, and product innovation. Additionally, response variables influenced by digital servitization were identified, including firm competitiveness, firm performance, financial performance, firm profitability, and sustainable performance. Discussion The results of this review point to inconsistencies, underscoring the necessity for additional research into the factors influencing digital servitization across companies beyond the manufacturing sector. This highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of digital servitization strategies and their impacts across various industries. By expanding the scope of research to include a broader range of sectors, researchers can provide more comprehensive insights into the complexities and nuances of digital servitization adoption. This broader perspective enables a more thorough examination of the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing digital servitization strategies, ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of its implications for businesses across diverse industries.

Background Digital servitization is a strategic transformation where companies adopt a service-focused approach in response to the prevailing trend of digitalization. Utilizing digital technology, businesses manage product and service operations and develop new value propositions. Further research into digital servitization is essential for maintaining competitiveness and meeting evolving market demands globally. This study aims to comprehend the evolution of digital services from theoretical and practical viewpoints and examines how these challenges are tackled. Methods Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, the study adopts the PRISMA approach to identify 26 pertinent articles from a pool of 340 papers obtained through a SCOPUS database search. These papers were published between 2019 and 2024 and were retrieved using the keywords (‘digitalization OR digital AND servitization OR servitization’). The selection process involved scrutinizing titles, abstracts, and keywords based on predefined criteria. Results The findings reveal that current digital servitization research emphasizes five determinant variables: digitization, servitization, manufacturing servitization, process innovation, and product innovation. Additionally, response variables influenced by digital servitization were identified, including firm competitiveness, firm performance, financial performance, firm profitability, and sustainable performance. Discussion The results of this review point to inconsistencies, underscoring the necessity for additional research into the factors influencing digital servitization across companies beyond the manufacturing sector. This highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of digital servitization strategies and their impacts across various industries. By expanding the scope of research to include a broader range of sectors, researchers can provide more comprehensive insights into the complexities and nuances of digital servitization adoption. This broader perspective enables a more thorough examination of the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing digital servitization strategies, ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of its implications for businesses across diverse industries.