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Many types of fiber optics have been developed and used by researchers to create best fiber. This study aimed to provide an overview of the the type of fiber optics based on the number of mode and refractive index. Also the study provide a breif comparison of these types with their strengths and weakness. A total 30 article published (from the year 2016 to 2020) in main journals wew investigated thoroughly through document analysis method. The study reveals some type of fiber optic. However, each types has some advantages as well as disadvantages over the others that should be kept in mind in their usages. A carefull user, such as researcher or others would be aware of the types and select the most effective one for his/her purposes.Keywords: Fiber optics, number of mode, refractive indexAbstrak: Banyak jenis fiber optik telah dikembangkan dan digunakan oleh para peneliti untuk menghasilkan jenis terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang jenis fiber optik berdasarkan jumlah mode dan indeks biasnya. Studi ini juga memberikan perbandingan singkat dari jenis-jenis ini dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Sebanyak 30 artikel yang diterbitkan (dari tahun 2016 hingga 2020) di jurnal-jurnal utama yang telah diteliti secara menyeluruh melalui metode analisis dokumen. Studi ini mengungkapkan kelbihan dan kekurangan setiap jenis fiber optik. Namun, masing-masing jenis memiliki beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan dibandingkan yang lain yang harus diingat dalam penggunaannya. Pengguna yang berhati-hati, seperti peneliti atau orang lain akan menyadari jenisnya dan memilih yang paling efektif sesuai dengan tujuan penggunaan.Kata-kata kunci: Fiber optic, jumlah mode, dan indeks bias

This formula research internal issue is how influence team work on employeesperformance. Howinfluence oforganization coomitment xx on employeesperformance.Howinfluence ofdevelopmenton employeesperformance. How influenceofteam work,organizationcoomitment,and developmenton employees performance. This research target is to for know influence and analyze of team work on employees performance. For know influence and analyzeof organization coomitmenton employees performance. For knowinfluenceand analyzedevelopment on employeesperformance. For know influence andanalyzeteam work,organization coomitment and development on employees performanceSample in this research amount to 39 employees. Technique analyze data which used in this research is analysis of regresi multiple linear. This research result explain of team work effect positive and significant on employees performance. Organization coomitment effect positive and significant on employees performance. Development effect positive and do not significant on employees performance. Team work, organization coomitment, and development effect and positive and significant on employees performanceThis formula research internal issue is how influence team work on employeesperformance. Howinfluence oforganization coomitment xx on employeesperformance.Howinfluence ofdevelopmenton employeesperformance. How influenceofteam work,organizationcoomitment,and developmenton employees performance. This research target is to for know influence and analyze of team work on employees performance. For know influence and analyzeof organization coomitmenton employees performance. For knowinfluenceand analyzedevelopment on employeesperformance. For know influence andanalyzeteam work,organization coomitment and development on employees performanceSample in this research amount to 39 employees. Technique analyze data which used in this research is analysis of regresi multiple linear. This research result explain of team work effect positive and significant on employees performance. Organization coomitment effect positive and significant on employees performance. Development effect positive and do not significant on employees performance. Team work, organization coomitment, and development effect and positive and significant on employees performance

Digital Marketing merupakan sarana yang efektif dan efisien dalam mempromosikan dan memasarkan produk-produk produsen karena dengan sangat mudah dan cepat dapat menjangkau konsumen. Masyarakat Desa Pananggahan, Kecamatan Sorkam, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah yang sebagian besar mata pencahariannya dari sektor agribisnis perlu diperkenalkan sistim Digital marketing melalui penyuluhan langsung kepada masyarakat khususnya para petani, karena metode yang dipergunakan para petani selama ini masih memakai metode tradisional. Penyuluhan tentang optimalisasi Digital Marketing di Desa Pananggahan bertujuan agar para petani merobah pola pemasaran hasil-hasil pertanian dari pola tradisional ke metode digitalisasi. Penyuluhan ini dianggap penting agar para petani dapat meningkatkan kuantitas penjualan hasil-hasil pertanian dipasar yang lebih luas jangkauannya. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan penyuluhan pada peserta penyuluhan di Desa Pananggahan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam mempromosikan dan memasarkan produk hasil-hasil pertanian masih memakai pola tradisional yang bersifat lokal dengan jangkauan yang terbatas. Dialog interaktif terjadi antara penyaji materi dengan peserta yang menunjukkan antusias peserta terhadap materi yang disampaikan. Dengan demikian disarankan disamping proaktif para petani, diharapkan peran serta Pemerinta Daerah dapat lebih intensif membantu para petani dalam mempromosikan hasil-hasil pertanian masyarakat Desa Pananggahan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of online simulation in physics learning toward students’ digital literacy skills. There are 106 randomly students Grade XII Science from West Borneo and Riau Province, Indonesia as participants in this study. The level of digital literacy skill of all participants in the classes before and after the learning process was determined to assess the effectiveness of two models with online simulation learning. We used comparative –descriptive, pre-test and post-test experimental design, and Anova Mixed Design to analysis data. The result of this study was: (1) Students’ digital literacy skill of students in two groups initially are at very low level and increased after learning; (2) there was a significant difference in the level of digital literacy skill of the students online simulation with GDL class; (3) in this study, the online simulation with GDL model is more effective than online simulation with PBL model in enhancing students’ digital literacy skill in senior high school. For the conclusion, in this study students’ digital literacy skill in Indonesia is rather below. Model PBL with online simulation is one of the teaching models that can be used in enhancing students’ digital literacy skills.

Thisstudy aims to developing open-ended test for measuring digital literacy skills of students. There are three step of this study, it was defining the construc and formatting objectives, validity by expert review and item administration. The open-ended test was develop based on five components of digital literacy skill: information, communication, content creation, safety, and problem-solving. The open-ended test was initially piloted on four group of samples: interviews and validity by physics expert (2 Professor, 1 Doctoral), professional teachers (N=2), and college students of graduate school (N=2). Modification were made afterwards and the test was administered to a group of science students from high school in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia (N=129). Result of this study are: (1) The open-ended test instrumen proved valid and worthy of use to measure digital literacy skill; (2) Based on expert validation, the teset is valid with CVR value 1.00; (3) the average value and standard deviation of INFIT MNSQ is .83-1.21 (fit with rasch model/good item); (4) The item has a good degree of difficulty with range of difficulty level between (moderate level). The student’s digital literacy skill test can also be used to measure student’s skill with very low to excellentcategories

Terdapat banyak model pembelajaran yang diterapkan untuk menganalisis kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa. Namun, belum banyak model yang diintegrasikan dengan pembelajaran berbasis simulasi online untuk meningkatkan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa. Padahal, saat ini ada banyak website simulasi online yang diterbitkan oleh lembaga pendidikan atau universitas di tingkat internasional dan jarang digunakan dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran inovatif dengan pembelajaran berbasis online simulation untuk meningkatkan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa. Website simulasi yang digunakan adalah Edu-media simulation . Dalam website ini ada banyak simulasi fisika yang disediakan, tetapi belum banyak penelitian yang menerapkan simulasi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kuasi eksperimen yang terdiri dari satu kelas eksperimen dengan sampel 25 siswa kelas XI MIA 3 di SMA N 1 Prambanan Yogyakarta. Argumentasi ilmiah siswa diukur melalui instrumen tes uraian. Data argumentasi ilmiah siswa dianalisis menggunakan paired sample t-test dan pola argumentasi Toulmin (TAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PBL berbantuan edu-media simulation dapat meningkatkan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai t value -11.051 < -1.711 bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata argumentasi pada pre-test (17) dan post-test (47). Dalam hal ini, siswa sudah mampu membuat klaim yang tegas dengan menyajikan bukti dan alasan yang mendukung klaim. Analyzing students’ scientific argumentation skill in optic: Problem-based learning assisted edu-media simulation Abstract There are many learning models applied to analyze the ability of students' scientific argumentation. However, not many models have been integrated with online simulation-based learning to improve students' scientific argumentation skills. In fact, there are currently many online simulation websites published by educational institutions or international universities and rarely used in research. This research integrates innovative learning models with online simulation-based learning to improve students' scientific argumentation skills. The simulation website used is Edu-media simulation. In this website there are many physics simulations provided, but not many studies have applied this simulation. This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental consisting of one experimental class with a sample of 25 XI MIA 3 graders in Prambanan High School 1 Yogyakarta. Students' scientific arguments are measured through a description test instrument. Students' scientific argumentation data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and Toulmin argumentation patterns (TAP). The results showed that PBL assisted by edu-media simulation can improve students' scientific argumentation ability both quantitatively and qualitatively. This is indicated by the value of t value -11.051

This study focuses on developing the new level of scientific argumentation skills and new items that are feasible and valid for used. There are 195 science students at Islamic State School 1 (MAN 1) Yogyakarta as participant in this study. Random sampling technique was used from the three schools of Islamis State School (MAN) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There are seven experts (3 Professor, 2 teachers, and 2 graduate students) reviewed 14 items for the first phase of this study. For the second phase, 98 students answered 14 questions which each questions contain five point (claim, data, backing, warrant and rebuttal). For the third phase, after choosed the best five 5 questions, We asked the others (97 students) to answer those questions. The modification of the level of scientific argumentation skills indicates the ability of students is still low. At level 1 (claims) there were only 38.9% students, level 2 (data) were 21.6% students, level 3 (warrants) 16.6% students, level 4 (backing) 16.2% while level 5 (rebuttal) is the most difficult, for students’ users only by 4.2%. Based on the findings, the test can measure and show with a separate level of students' scientific argumentation skill in this school.

The Aims of this study is to design and build a three dimensional animated physics learning media on the atomic core material using blender application for High School Physics learning media for atomic core material is already exist but still in the form of two dimensions, so it less of visualize actual concept. This research used three-stage of development research. The first stage is the design stage of the media by using instructional design model type ADDIE. The second stage is the stage of media development using the blender application. The third stage is the stage of validation and reliability. Respondents amounted to 54 people consisting of 5 experts (Expert), 11 teachers (user experts), 20 teachers (users) and 18 students (users). Aspects assessed are pedagogic, content and technical. Data collection technique is questionnaire. The results showed the validity score of experts 4.515 which means the learning media is valid with very high category. The Cronbach alpha value of the teacher as user is 0.950 and from student as user is 0.889. it indicated that the media is reliable.

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini apakah disiplin, karakteristik pekerja dan kompetensi SDM secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Nauli Kota Sibolga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin, karakteristik pekerja dan kompetensi SDM terhadap kinerja pegawai Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Nauli Kota Sibolga. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebahagian pegawai Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Nauli Kota Sibolga yang berjumlah 53 orang. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan; Disiplin secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai; Karakteristik pekerjaan secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai; Kompetensi SDM secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai; Disiplin, karakteristik pekerjaan dan kompetensi SDM secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.

Students in Indonesia still have the low level of scientific argumentation skills. This studypurposed to examine the impact ofProblem-based Learning (PBL) with Argument Mapping and Online Laboratory in improving the scientific argumentation skill. It describes the significance of the differences between participants who learn through PBL, PBL with Online Laboratory (PBL-OL), Problem-based Learning with Argument Mapping and Online Laboratory (PBL-AMOL) model. The population of this study were students from Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Yogyakarta, Indonesia with a random sampling technique. This was quasi-experiment with pre and post test designs. In this study, there were 97 students at MAN 1 as respondent. Paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test and ANOVA mixed design was used to analysis data. The PBL-AMOL group has a significant difference based on pre-test and post-test (sig. 0000). The PBL-AMOL was most effective to improve the skill with gain score 0.43 (medium). Learning with the PBL-AMOL model can be an alternative to solve the problems of creative thinking skill.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Web-Based Simulation (WBS) on Physics learning to enhance digital literacy skills of Grade XI students in high school. The level of digital literacy skills of the students in the experiment and control group before and after they study using WBS learning and none was determined respectively. The comparison of their levels before and after the study was done to determine the effectiveness of the WBS learning. The participants of this study were 49 students of science class, with 14-16 age. The research design in this study were descriptive-comparison and pretest-posttest experimental design. Data analysis using Anova mixed design with significant 5%. The result of this study are level of students' digital literacy skill before learning process is generally very low; but after the treatment these skill was comparatively increased. In addition, there was a significant difference in the level of digital literacy skill of the classes where the WBS learning is the more effective than direct learning to enhance students’ digital literacy skill.

This study aims to analyse and evaluate the intructional design of a three dimensional animated physics learning media on the atomic core material by using blender application at a Senior high School. Three dimensional animation is still rarely found in education and need to see more how it can affect the education. Three-stages of development research was applied in this study. The first stage is the design stage of the media by using instructional design model type ADDIE. The second is the stage of media development using the blender application. The third is the stage of validation and reliability. Data were obtained from questionnaire filled by 54 respondents, consisting of 5 experts (Expert), 11 teachers (user experts), 20 teachers (users) and 18 students (users). The aspects assessed are pedagogical, content and technical aspects. The results showed that the validity score of experts was 4.515 which means that the learning media is valid with very high category. The Cronbach alpha values of both teachers and students as the users are 0.950 and 0.889 respectively. This indicates that the media is reliabel.

The aim of this research is to enhance the student’s analytical thinking skill through the implementation of problem-based learning model with online simulation on optical devices subject, especially on a discussion about the eyes. The type of this research is a pre-experimental study. The research design is one group pre-test post-test design. The students who participated in this research were the students of class XI MIPA 4 in SMA Negeri 1 Prambanan Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of sample are 27 students. The sample is taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The test is an essay test about the eyes. The test is validated by expert’s judgement. The results of the test validity are valid and feasible to use. The test is used in pre-test and post-test. The result is problem-based learning model with online simulation can enhance the student’s analytical thinking skill, but the enhancement is in the low category.