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1. Serosurvey of Blood Donors to Assess West Nile Virus Exposure, South-Central Spain

Author

Mario Frías, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Ana Vázquez, Elena Madrigal, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Marina Gallo, Laura Herrero, María Jarilla, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, and Antonio Rivero-Juárez Antonio Rivero

Subjects
West Nile virus, virus neutralization test, viruses, vector-borne infections, zoonoses, serosurvey, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

We analyzed West Nile Virus (WNV) exposure from 1,222 blood donors during 2017–2018 from an area of south-central Spain. Results revealed WNV seroprevalence of 0.08% (95% CI 0.004%–0.4%) in this population. Our findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and research to manage WNV infection in this region.

Published
2024
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2. Zoonosis screening in Spanish immunocompromised children and their pets

Author

Paula Garcia-Sanchez, David Romero-Trancón, Iker Falces-Romero, Paula Navarro Carrera, Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso, David Carmena, María Casares Jiménez, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Laura Moya, Jaume Rodón, Fernando Esperón, Belén Pérez-Hernando, Rocío Sánchez-León, Jara Hurtado-Gallego, Sonia Alcolea, Talía Sainz, Cristina Calvo, and Ana Méndez-Echevarría

Subjects
children, colonization, emerging pathogens, immunocompromised, infection, pets, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

IntroductionAlthough pets provide several social–emotional benefits for children, the risk of zoonosis must be considered among immunocompromised individuals.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital including immunocompromised patients younger than 20 years owning dogs and/or cats. Colonization and/or infection was evaluated by stool studies, bacterial swabs, blood polymerase chain reaction and serological studies in both patients and their pets, to evaluate potential zoonotic transmission occurrence.ResultsWe included 74 patients and their 92 pets (63 dogs, 29 cats). Up to 44.6% of the patients and 31.5% of the pets had at least 1 positive result. Up to 18.4% of pets’ fecal samples were positive (bacteria, parasites or hepatitis E virus). No helminths were observed despite the high frequency of incorrect intestinal deworming practices. Among children, gastrointestinal microorganisms were found in 37.3% (primarily Clostridium difficile). Colonization by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was common among pets (8.0%) but not among children (0.0%). No shared colonization between owners and pets was observed, except in one case (Blastocystis in both patient and pet feces). Among patients, serologies were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis (14.8%), Toxocara canis (3.2%), Bartonella henselae (19.1%) and hepatitis E (5.6%). Serology was positive for Rickettsia spp. (22.6%) and Babesia spp. (6.5%) in dogs and for Leishmania spp. (14.3%) and Toxoplasma spp. (14.3%) in cats.ConclusionExposure to zoonotic agents was detected in both patients and pets; however, shared colonization events were almost nonexistent. In our cohort, dogs and cats do not appear to entail high zoonosis transmission risk for immunocompromised patients.

Published
2024
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3. Prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in commercial swine food products from Spain

Author

Pedro López-López, María A. Risalde, María Casares-Jiménez, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Andrés Martín-Gómez, Javier Martínez-Blasco, Irene Agulló-Ros, Mario Frías, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, José C. Gómez-Villamandos, Antonio Rivero, and Antonio Rivero-Juárez

Subjects
Foodborne, Paslahepevirus balayani, Risk, Swine, Transmission, Zoonotic, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Paslahepevirus balayani (formerly known as hepatitis E virus) is an emerging cause of foodborne disease in Europe, transmitted mainly by the consumption of raw or undercooked pork. Since little is known about the presence of the virus in several pork products that are eaten uncooked, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in groups of commercial pork products intended for human consumption subjected to different processing techniques. A total of 1265 samples of pork products from Spain were divided into four groups and tested for the presence of Paslahepevirus balayani RNA: unprocessed pig and wild boar meat frozen at −20 °C (n = 389), dry-cured pork products (n = 391), dry-cured and salted pork products (n = 219), and boiled products (n = 266) (none of these products contained pork liver). Five samples were positive for Paslahepevirus balayani RNA (overall prevalence: 0.4%; 95% CI: 0.17% - 0.92%). All positive samples were from unprocessed meat stored at −20 °C, with a prevalence in this group of 1.3% (95% CI: 0.42–3.44); two samples came from pigs (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.13–3.81) and three from wild boar (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.31–4.28). None of the pork samples in the other groups was positive. In conclusion, Paslahepevirus balayani was found in unprocessed swine products form Spain, but not in processed products intended to be consumed undercooked, demonstrating that transmission of this zoonotic virus by eating these pork products should be more seriously considered.

Published
2024
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10. Comparison of hepatitis B and SARS-CoV2 vaccination rates in people who attended Drugs and Addiction Centres

Author

Diana Corona-Mata, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Ángela Camacho, Laura Ruiz-Torres, Inmaculada Ruiz-Cáceres, Ana Belén Pérez, Bartolomé de la Fuente Darder, David Cáceres-Anillo, María de Guía Castro-Granados, María Lizaur-Barbudo, María Victoria Cabrera-Gisbert, Justa Redondo-Écija, Ana Aparicio-Aparicio, Leticia Manchado-López, Luciano Cobos, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, and Antonio Rivero

Subjects
hepatitis B virus, COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2, drugs addiction, vaccination, prevention, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background and aimsPersons with substance use disorder are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although most of them are attached to social health centers, the vaccination rate in this group is low. In this context, we designed a study to evaluate the prevalence of users of drug addiction centers (DAC) not immunized against hepatitis B and to compare the rate of vaccination against hepatitis B with the rate of immunization against SARS-Cov-2 in 2 years of follow-up.DesignRetrospective study that included individuals attended at DAC. Patients were screened at baseline (June 2020–January 2021) for HBV immunization. Individuals with HBsAb < 10 IU/mL were recommended to receive hepatitis B vaccine, during follow-up (January 2021–October 2022). At the end of follow-up, the HBV vaccination rate among candidates was determined and compared with the vaccination rate against SARS-Cov-2 in this population in the same period.FindingsA total of 325 subjects were surveyed and tested. At baseline, the 65% (211/325) of were candidates to initiate vaccination and were advisor to HBV vaccination. During the follow-up 15 individuals received at least one dose of HBV vaccine, supposing a vaccination rate of 7.2%. In the same period, 186 individuals received at least one dose against SARS-Cov-2, representing a vaccination rate of 83%. The comparison between vaccination rates reached statistically significant (p

Published
2024
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11. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with Paslahepevirus balayani in equines in Europe

Author

Javier Caballero-Gómez, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, David Cano-Terriza, Tomás Fajardo, Francesco Buono, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Jesús García, Eduardo Alguacil, Antonio Rivero, and Ignacio García-Bocanegra

Subjects
Hepatitis E, Emerging, Risk factors, Horse, Donkey, Mule, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) is an important emerging zoonotic virus in Europe. Although domestic pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs of this pathogen, susceptibility to this virus has been confirmed in a growing number of animal species, including equines. However, their role in the epidemiology of this virus remains poorly understood. Our aim was to assess HEV circulation and identify potential risk factors associated with exposure in equid species in different European countries. A total of 596 equines, including 496 horses, 63 donkeys and 37 mules/hinnies bred in four European countries (Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Ireland) were sampled. Thirty-three animals (5.5%; 95%CI: 3.7–7.4) had anti-HEV antibodies. Seropositivity was found in 4.6% of horses, 11.1% of donkeys and 8.1% of mules/hinnies tested. By country, 6.3%, 5.4%, 5.0% and 4.0% of the equines sampled in Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Ireland, respectively, were seropositive, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that “species” and “drinking water from ponds and streams” were potential risk factors associated with HEV seropositivity in equines in Europe. HEV RNA was not detected in any (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–1.8) of the 202 equines tested. Our results provide evidence of a low, spatially homogeneous and widespread viral circulation that is not equal across species in equid populations in the European countries analyzed and indicate that these species appear to play a limited role in the epidemiology of this virus. Further studies are required to elucidate the differences in seroprevalence between donkeys, mules/hinnies and horses and to determine the risk of zoonotic transmission of this pathogen from equid species.

Published
2023
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13. CD46 Genetic Variability and HIV-1 Infection Susceptibility

Author

Serrano-Rísquez, Carmen, Omar, Mohamed, Gómez-Vidal, María Amparo, Real, Luis Miguel, Pineda, Juan Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Forthal, Donald, Márquez, Francisco J, Caputo, Sergio Lo, Clerici, Mario, Biasin, Mara, and Caruz, Antonio

Subjects
Clinical Research, Biotechnology, Substance Misuse, HIV/AIDS, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections, HIV Seronegativity, Humans, Male, Membrane Cofactor Protein, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, HIV-1, HIV exposed seronegative, HESN, CD46, complement
Abstract

CD46 is the main receptor for complement protein C3 and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. CD46 genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to several infectious and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, CD46 function can be subverted by HIV-1 to evade attack by complement, a strategy shared by viruses of other families. We sought to determine the association between CD46 gene variants and HIV-1 acquired through intravenous drug use (IDU) and sexual routes (n = 823). Study subjects were of European ancestry and were HIV-1 infected (n = 438) or exposed but seronegative (n = 387). Genotyping of the rs2796265 SNP located in the CD46 gene region was done by allele-specific real-time PCR. A meta-analysis merging IDU and sexual cohorts indicates that the minor genotype (CC) was associated with increased resistance to HIV-1 infection OR = 0.2, 95% CI (0.07-0.61), p = 0.004. The HIV-1-protective genotype is correlated with reduced CD46 expression and alterations in the ratio of CD46 mRNA splicing isoforms.

Published
2021

14. Lack of associations of microRNAs with severe NAFLD in people living with HIV: discovery case-control study

Author

Mario Frías, Diana Corona-Mata, Jose M. Moyano, Angela Camacho-Espejo, Pedro López-López, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Inmaculada Ruiz-Cáceres, Marı́a Casares-Jiménez, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, and Antonio Rivero

Subjects
microRNA, HIV, NAFLD, CAP, PLWH, steatosis, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Background & objectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and the expression of some microRNAs could be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of differential expression of microRNAs in PLWH and assess their diagnostic value for NALFD.MethodsA discovery case-control study with PLWH was carried out. The expression of miRNAs was determined using HTG EdgeSeq technology. Cases were defined as patients with severe NAFLD and controls as patients without NAFLD, characterized using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Cases and controls were matched 1:1 for age, sex, BMI, CD4+ lymphocyte count, active HCV infection, and ART regimen.ResultsSerum 2,083 simultaneous microRNA transcripts were analyzed using HTG technology and compared between cases and controls. Forty-five patients, 23 cases, and 22 controls were included in the study. In the analysis of the expression pattern of the 2,083 microRNAs, no differential expression patterns were found between both groups of patients included in the study.ConclusionAnalysis of the microRNA transcriptome profile of nonobese PLWH with severe NAFLD did not appear to differ from that of patients without NAFLD. Thus, microRNA might not serve as a proper biomarker for predicting severe NALFD in this population.

Published
2023
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15. Expanding HIV clinical monitoring: the role of CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting non-AIDS eventsResearch in context

Author

Javier Martínez-Sanz, Jorge Díaz-Álvarez, Marta Rosas, Raquel Ron, José Antonio Iribarren, Enrique Bernal, Félix Gutiérrez, Andrés Ruiz Sancho, Noemi Cabello, Julián Olalla, Santiago Moreno, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Inma Jarrín, David Dalmau, M. Luisa Navarro, M. Isabel González, Federico Garcia, Eva Poveda, Jose Antonio Iribarren, Rafael Rubio, Francesc Vidal, Juan Berenguer, Juan González, M. Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, Inmaculada Jarrín, Cristina Moreno, Marta Rava, Rebeca Izquierdo, Elba Mauleón, Joaquín Portilla, Irene Portilla, Esperanza Merino, Gema García, Iván Agea, José Sánchez-Payá, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Livia Giner, Sergio Reus, Vicente Boix, Diego Torrus, Verónica Pérez, Julia Portilla, Juan Luís Gómez, Jehovana Hernández, Ana López Lirola, Dácil García, Felicitas Díaz-Flores, M. Mar Alonso, Ricardo Pelazas, M. Remedios Alemán, Víctor Asensi, María Eugenia Rivas Carmenado, Tomás Suarez-Zarracina, Federico Pulido, Otilia Bisbal, M. Asunción Hernando, David Rial, María de Lagarde, Octavio Arce, Adriana Pinto, Laura Bermejo, Mireia Santacreu, Roser Navarro, Candela Gonzalez, M. José Aramburu, Xabier Camino, Miguel Ángel von Wichmann, Miguel Ángel Goenaga, M. Jesús Bustinduy, Harkaitz Azkune, Maialen Ibarguren, Xabier Kortajarena, Ignacio Álvarez-Rodriguez, Leire Gil, Lourdes Martínez, Catalina Robledano, Mar Masiá, Sergio Padilla, Araceli Adsuar, Rafael Pascual, Marta Fernández, Antonio Galiana, José Alberto García, Xavier Barber, Vanessa Agullo, Javier Garcia Abellán, Reyes Pascual, Guillermo Telenti, Lucia Guillén, Ángela Botella, Roberto Muga, Arantza Sanvisens, Daniel Fuster, Isabel Gutierrez, Juan Carlos López, Margarita Ramírez, Belén Padilla, Paloma Gijón, Teresa Aldamiz-Echevarría, Francisco Tejerina, Cristina Diez, Leire Pérez, Chiara Fanciulli, Saray Corral, Anna Martí, Joaquín Peraire, Consuelo Viladés, Montserrat Vargas, Montserrat Olona, Anna Rull, Verónica Alba, Elena Yeregui, Jenifer Masip, Graciano García-Pardo, Frederic Gómez Bertomeu, Sonia Espineira, Marta Montero, Sandra Cuéllar, Marino Blanes, María Tasias, Eva Calabuig, Miguel Salavert, Juan Fernández, Inmaculada Segarra, Juan González-García, Ana Delgado, Francisco Arnalich, José Ramón Arribas, Jose Ignacio Bernardino, Juan Miguel Castro, Luis Escosa, Pedro Herranz, Victor Hontañón, Silvia García-Bujalance, Milagros García, Alicia González-Baeza, M. Luz Martín-Carbonero, Mario Mayoral, M. Jose Mellado, Rafael Esteban, Rocío Montejano, M. Luisa Montes, Victoria Moreno, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, Berta Rodés, Guadalupe Rúa, Talía Sainz, Elena Sendagorta, Eulalia Valencia, Carmen Busca, Joanna Cano, Julen Cardiñanos, Rosa de Miguel, Jose Ramón Blanco, Laura Pérez-Martínez, José Antonio Oteo, Valvanera Ibarra, Luis Metola, Mercedes Sanz, Piedad Arazo, Gloria Sampériz, Marina Martinez, Angels Jaén, Montse Sanmartí, Mireia Cairó, Javier Martinez-Lacasa, Pablo Velli, Roser Font, Mariona Xercavins, Noemí Alonso, Francesco Aiello, María Rivero, Beatriz Piérola, Maider Goikoetxea, María Gracia, Carlos Ibero, Estela Moreno, Jesús Repáraz, Gemma Navarro, Manel Cervantes Garcia, Sonia Calzado Isbert, Marta Navarro Vilasaro, Belen Lopez Garcia, Ignacio de los Santos, Alejandro de los Santos, Jesús Sanz, Lucio García-Fraile, Enrique Martín, Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo, Marta Calvet, Ana Barrios, Azucena Bautista, Carmen Sáez, Marianela Ciudad, Ángela Gutiérrez, Santos del Campo, José Luis Casado, Fernando Dronda, Ana Moreno, M. Jesús Pérez, Sergio Serrano, Ma Jesús Vivancos, Alejandro Vallejo, Matilde Sanchez, Jose Antonio Pérez-Molina, José Manuel Hermida, Antonia Alcaraz, Joaquín Bravo, Ángeles Muñoz, Cristina Tomás, Mónica Martínez, M. Carmen Villalba, Federico García, Clara Martínez, José Hernández, Leopoldo Muñoz Medina, Marta Álvarez, Natalia Chueca, David Vinuesa, Adolfo de Salazar, Ana Fuentes, Emilio Guirao, Laura Viñuela, Andrés Ruiz-Sancho, Francisco Anguita, Jorge Del Romero, Montserrat Raposo, Carmen Rodríguez, Teresa Puerta, Juan Carlos Carrió, Mar Vera, Juan Ballesteros, Oskar Ayerdi, Begoña Baza, Eva Orviz, Antonio Antela, Elena Losada, Melchor Riera, María Peñaranda, M. Angels Ribas, Antoni A. Campins, Mercedes Garcia-Gazalla, Francisco J. Fanjul, Javier Murillas, Francisco Homar, Helem H. Vilchez, Luisa Martin, Antoni Payeras, Jesús Santos, María López, Crisitina Gómez, Isabel Viciana, Rosario Palacios, Luis Fernando López-Cortés, Nuria Espinosa, Cristina Roca, Silvia Llaves, Juan Manuel Tiraboschi, Arkaitz Imaz, Ana Karina Silva, María Saumoy, Sofía Catalina Scévola, Adrián Curran, Vicenç Falcó, Jordi Navarro, Joaquin Burgos, Paula Suanzes, Jorge García, Vicente Descalzo, Patricia Álvarez, Bibiana Planas, Marta Sanchiz, Lucía Rodríguez, M José Sánchez, Javier Pérez, Alfonso del Arco, Javier de la Torre, José Luis Prada, Onofre Juan Martínez, Lorena Martinez, Francisco Jesús Vera, Josefina García, Begoña Alcaraz, Antonio Jesús Sánchez Guirao, Alvaro Mena, Angeles Castro, Berta Pernas, Pilar Vázquez, Soledad López, Sofía Ibarra, Guillermo García, Josu Mirena, Oscar Luis Ferrero, Josefina López, M. Mar Cámara, Mireia de la Peña, Miriam Lopez, Iñigo Lopez, Itxaso Lombide, Victor Polo, Joana de Miguel, Carlos Galera, Marian Fernández, Helena Albendin, Antonia Castillo, Asunción Iborra, Antonio Moreno, M. Angustias Merlos, Asunción Vidal, Concha Amador, Francisco Pasquau, Concepcion Gil, Jose Tomás Algado, Inés Suarez-García, Eduardo Malmierca, Patricia González-Ruano, M. Pilar Ruiz, José Francisco Pascual, Elena Sáez, Luz Balsalobre, M. Villa López, Mohamed Omar, Carmen Herrero, M. Amparo Gómez, Miguel Alberto de Zarraga, Desiré Pérez, Vicente Estrada, Nieves Sanz, Noemí Cabello, Jorge Vergas García, Maria Jose Núñez, Iñigo Sagastagoitia, Miguel Górgolas, Alfonso Cabello, Beatriz Álvarez, Laura Prieto, Irene Carrillo, José Sanz, Alberto Arranz, Cristina Hernández, María Novella, M. José Galindo, Ana Ferrer, Antonio Rivero Román, Inma Ruíz, Antonio Rivero Juárez, Pedro López, Isabel Machuca, Mario Frias, Ángela Camacho, Ignacio Pérez, Diana Corona, Miguel Cervero, Rafael Torres, Juan Antonio Pineda, Pilar Rincón, Juan Macías, Luis Miguel Real, Anais Corma, Alejandro Gonzalez-Serna, Alexandre Pérez, Luis Morano, Celia Miralles, Antonio Ocampo, Guillermo Pousada, Lucía Patiño, Carlos Dueñas, Sara Gutiérrez, Elena Tapia, Cristina Novoa, Xjoylin Egües, and Pablo Telleria

Subjects
HIV, Non-AIDS events, Neoplasia, Cardiovascular event, CD4/CD8 ratio, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: While a low CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment correlates with immunosenescence, its value in identifying patients at an increased risk for clinical events remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the CoRIS cohort to determine whether CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at year two of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could predict the risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) during the next five years. These included major adverse cardiovascular events, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and non-accidental deaths. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting to estimate the survival curves and cumulative risk of clinical events. Findings: The study included 4625 participants, 83% male, of whom 200 (4.3%) experienced an SNAE during the follow-up period. A CD4/CD8 ratio

Published
2023
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16. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports

Author

Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Frias, Mario, Perez-Jimenez, Ana Belén, Freyre-Carrillo, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramirez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio

Published
2023
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17. Occurrence and limited zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Balantioides coli infections in free-ranging and farmed wild ungulates in Spain

Author

Dashti, Alejandro, Köster, Pamela C., Bailo, Begoña, de las Matas, Ana Sánchez, Habela, Miguel Ángel, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Vicente, Joaquín, Serrano, Emmanuel, Arnal, Maria C., de Luco, Daniel Fernández, Morrondo, Patrocinio, Armenteros, José A., Balseiro, Ana, Cardona, Guillermo A., Martínez-Carrasco, Carlos, Ortiz, José Antonio, Carpio, Antonio José, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, González-Barrio, David, and Carmena, David

Published
2023
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19. Characteristics of hepatitis C virus resistance in an international cohort after a decade of direct-acting antivirals

Author

Martinello, Marianne, Matthews, Gail, Fernando, Fay Fabián, Esteban, Juan I., Müllhaupt, Beat, Wiesch, Julian Schulze zur, Buggisch, Peter, Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph, Berg, Thomas, Berg, Christoph P., Schattenberg, Jörn M., Moreno, Christophe, Stauber, Rudolf, Lloyd, Andrew, Dore, Gregory, Applegate, Tanya, Ignacio, Juan, Garcia-Cehic, Damir, Gregori, Josep, Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Rando, Ariadna, Gozlan, Yael, Angelico, Mario, Andreoni, Massimo, Babudieri, Sergio, Bertoli, Ada, Cento, Valeria, Coppola, Nicola, Craxì, Antonio, Paolucci, Stefania, Parruti, Giustino, Pasquazzi, Caterina, Perno, Carlo Federico, Teti, Elisabetta, Vironet, C., Lannergård, Anders, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Aleman, Soo, Gutteberg, Tore, Soulier, Alexandre, Gourgeon, Aurélie, Chevaliez, Stephane, Pol, Stanislas, Carrat, Fabrice, Salmon, Dominique, Kaiser, Rolf, Knopes, Elena, Gomes, Perpetua, de Kneght, Rob, Rijnders, Bart, Poljak, Mario, Lunar, Maja, Usubillaga, Rafael, Seguin_Devaux, Carole, Tay, Enoch, Wilson, Caroline, Wang, Dao Sen, George, Jacob, Kok, Jen, Pérez, Ana Belén, Chueca, Natalia, García-Deltoro, Miguel, Martínez-Sapiña, Ana María, Lara-Pérez, María Magdalena, García-Bujalance, Silvia, Aldámiz-Echevarría, Teresa, Vera-Méndez, Francisco Jesús, Pineda, Juan Antonio, Casado, Marta, Pascasio, Juan Manuel, Salmerón, Javier, Alados-Arboledas, Juan Carlos, Poyato, Antonio, Téllez, Francisco, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Merino, Dolores, Vivancos-Gallego, María Jesús, Rosales-Zábal, José Miguel, Ocete, María Dolores, Simón, Miguel Ángel, Rincón, Pilar, Reus, Sergi, De la Iglesia, Alberto, García-Arata, Isabel, Jiménez, Miguel, Jiménez, Fernando, Hernández-Quero, José, Galera, Carlos, Balghata, Mohamed Omar, Primo, Joaquín, Masiá, Mar, Espinosa, Nuria, Delgado, Marcial, von-Wichmann, Miguel Ángel, Collado, Antonio, Santos, Jesús, Mínguez, Carlos, Díaz-Flores, Felícitas, Fernández, Elisa, Bernal, Enrique, De Juan, José, Antón, José Joaquín, Vélez, Mónica, Aguilera, Antonio, Navarro, Daniel, Arenas, Juan Ignacio, Fernández, Clotilde, Espinosa, María Dolores, Ríos, María José, Alonso, Roberto, Hidalgo, Carmen, Hernández, Rosario, Téllez, María Jesús, Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Antequera, Pedro, Delgado, Cristina, Martín, Patricia, Crespo, Javier, Becerril, Berta, Pérez, Oscar, García-Herola, Antonio, Montero, José, Freyre, Carolina, Grau, Concepción, Cabezas, Joaquin, Jimenez, Miguel, Rodriguez, Manuel Alberto Macias, Quilez, Cristina, Pardo, Maria Rodriguez, Muñoz-Medina, Leopoldo, Figueruela, Blanca, Howe, Anita Y.M., Rodrigo, Chaturaka, Cunningham, Evan B., Douglas, Mark W., Dietz, Julia, Grebely, Jason, Popping, Stephanie, Sfalcin, Javier Alejandro, Parczewski, Milosz, Sarrazin, Christoph, de Salazar, Adolfo, Fuentes, Ana, Sayan, Murat, Quer, Josep, Kjellin, Midori, Kileng, Hege, Mor, Orna, Lennerstrand, Johan, Fourati, Slim, Di Maio, Velia Chiara, Chulanov, Vladimir, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Harrigan, P. Richard, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, and Garcia, Federico

Published
2022
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20. Efficacy of a comprehensive strategy for the detection and treatment of hepatitis C infection in a population attending addiction centers

Author

Diana Corona-Mata, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Ángela Camacho, Laura Ruiz-Torres, Inmaculada Ruiz-Cáceres, Bartolomé de la Fuente Darder, David Cáceres-Anillo, María de Guía Castro-Granados, María Lizaur-Barbudo, María Victoria Cabrera-Gisbert, Justa Redondo-Écija, Ana Aparicio-Aparicio, Leticia Manchado-López, Luciano Cobos, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, and Antonio Rivero

Subjects
hepatitis C, elimination, microelimination, drugs users, addiction centers, cirrhosis, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background and aimsThe burden hepatitis C infection in people with history or current drug use suppose a high risk of hepatic complications and transmission infectious disease. This population is poor linked to heath system and is difficult to achieve them and support treatment because they have high rates of lost follow-up. Our aim was to evaluate an intervention for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and HIV in this population.MethodsSix-hundred and eighty-three people attended in Drugs and Addictions Centers (DAC) were asked to participate in health counseling and provide blood sample for test HCV, HIV, and syphilis from April 2019 to June 2020. Totally 556 subjects were surveyed and tested. All of them were assigned to a patient navigation program to improve health education and linking to the sanitary system. Hepatitis C infection patients were evaluated in an ampliated medical consult to evaluate hepatic stage with transient liver elastography and initiated Direct Acting Antivirals to achieve Sustained Viral Response.ResultsOf the 556 patients who agreed to participate in the study, 33 (5.9%) had active HCV infection. Of the 33 patients infected with HCV, three were lost to follow-up once the diagnosis of HCV infection was made. Twenty-eight patients (93.3%) completed treatment and 26 achieved Sustained Viral Response (78.8%). Of the 30 patients, seven (23.3%) had advanced fibrosis, and of these, four (16.6%) had liver cirrhosis. One of the cirrhotic patients had hepatic space-occupying lesions at the baseline evaluation and was diagnosed with hepatocarcinoma.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the implementation of strategies based on personalized intervention models can contribute to the control of HCV infection in DAC users.

Published
2023
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21. Acute severe hepatitis outbreak in children: A perfect storm. What do we know, and what questions remain?

Author

Philippa C. Matthews, Cori Campbell, Oana Săndulescu, Mojca Matičič, Simona Maria Ruta, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Berend Joost van Welzen, Boun Kim Tan, Federico Garcia, George Sebastian Gherlan, Güle Çınar, İmran Hasanoğlu, Ivana Gmizić, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Lurdes Santos, Narina Sargsyants, Petar Velikov, Selma Habibović, Slim Fourati, Snježana Židovec-Lepej, Vanessa Herder, Susanne Dudman, Victor Daniel Miron, William Irving, Gülşen Özkaya Şahin, and and ESCMID Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (ESGVH)

Subjects
paediatric, hepatitis, outbreak, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, epidemiology, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

During the first half of 2022, the World Health Organization reported an outbreak of acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology (AS-Hep-UA) in children, following initial alerts from the United Kingdom (UK) where a cluster of cases was first observed in previously well children aged

Published
2022
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22. The absence of seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus is not related to KIR-HLA genotype combinations (GEHEP-012 study)

Author

Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Junta de Andalucía, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Royo, José Luis [0000-0003-2024-4363], Pineda, Juan A. [0000-0002-3751-0296], Real, Luis Miguel [0000-0003-4932-7429], Martín-Sierra, Carmen, Bravo, María José, Sáez, María Eugenia, Rojas, Itziar de, Santos, Marta, Martín-Carmona, Jesica, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, González-Serna, Alejandro, Royo, José Luis, Pineda, Juan A., Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Macías, Juan, Real, Luis Miguel, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Junta de Andalucía, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Royo, José Luis [0000-0003-2024-4363], Pineda, Juan A. [0000-0002-3751-0296], Real, Luis Miguel [0000-0003-4932-7429], Martín-Sierra, Carmen, Bravo, María José, Sáez, María Eugenia, Rojas, Itziar de, Santos, Marta, Martín-Carmona, Jesica, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, González-Serna, Alejandro, Royo, José Luis, Pineda, Juan A., Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Macías, Juan, and Real, Luis Miguel

Abstract

[Background & aims] It has been reported that specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA genotype combinations, such as KIR2DS4/HLA-C1 with presence of KIRDL2 or KIRDL3, homozygous KIRDL3/HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1/≥2HLA-Bw4, are strongly associated with the lack of active infection and seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus (HCV)., [Objective] To determine whether these KIR-HLA combinations are relevant factors involved in that phenotype., [Patients and methods] In this retrospective case-control study, genotype data from a genome-wide association study previously performed on low susceptibility to HCV-infection carried out on 27 high-risk HCV-seronegative (HRSN) individuals and 743 chronically infected (CI) subjects were used. HLA alleles were imputed using R package HIBAG v1.2223 and KIR genotypes were imputed using the online resource KIR*IMP v1.2.0., [Results] It was possible to successfully impute at least one KIR-HLA genotype combination previously associated with the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV in a total of 23 (85.2%) HRSN individuals and in 650 (87.5%) CI subjects. No KIR-HLA genotype combination analyzed was related to the HRSN condition., [Conclusions] Our results suggest that those KIR-HLA genotype combinations are not relevant factors involved in the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV. More studies will be needed to completely understand this phenotype.

Published
2024

23. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV

Author

Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., Rivero, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., and Rivero, Antonio

Abstract

Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.

Published
2024

24. Zoonosis screening in Spanish immunocompromised children and their pets.

Author

Garcia-Sanchez, Paula, Romero-Trancón, David, Falces-Romero, Iker, Navarro Carrera, Paula, Ruiz-Carrascoso, Guillermo, Carmena, David, Casares Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Moya, Laura, Rodón, Jaume, Esperón, Fernando, Pérez-Hernando, Belén, Sánchez-León, Rocío, Hurtado-Gallego, Jara, Alcolea, Sonia, Sainz, Talía, Calvo, Cristina, and Méndez-Echevarría, Ana

Subjects
HEPATITIS E virus, HEPATITIS E, BARTONELLA henselae, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, COLONIZATION (Ecology)
Abstract

Introduction: Although pets provide several social-emotional benefits for children, the risk of zoonosis must be considered among immunocompromised individuals. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital including immunocompromised patients younger than 20 years owning dogs and/or cats. Colonization and/or infection was evaluated by stool studies, bacterial swabs, blood polymerase chain reaction and serological studies in both patients and their pets, to evaluate potential zoonotic transmission occurrence. Results: We included 74 patients and their 92 pets (63 dogs, 29 cats). Up to 44.6% of the patients and 31.5% of the pets had at least 1 positive result. Up to 18.4% of pets' fecal samples were positive (bacteria, parasites or hepatitis E virus). No helminths were observed despite the high frequency of incorrect intestinal deworming practices. Among children, gastrointestinal microorganisms were found in 37.3% (primarily Clostridium difficile). Colonization by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was common among pets (8.0%) but not among children (0.0%). No shared colonization between owners and pets was observed, except in one case (Blastocystis in both patient and pet feces). Among patients, serologies were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis (14.8%), Toxocara canis (3.2%), Bartonella henselae (19.1%) and hepatitis E (5.6%). Serology was positive for Rickettsia spp. (22.6%) and Babesia spp. (6.5%) in dogs and for Leishmania spp. (14.3%) and Toxoplasma spp. (14.3%) in cats. Conclusion: Exposure to zoonotic agents was detected in both patients and pets; however, shared colonization events were almost nonexistent. In our cohort, dogs and cats do not appear to entail high zoonosis transmission risk for immunocompromised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Characteristics of hepatitis C virus resistance in an international cohort after a decade of direct-acting antivirals

Author

Anita Y.M. Howe, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Evan B. Cunningham, Mark W. Douglas, Julia Dietz, Jason Grebely, Stephanie Popping, Javier Alejandro Sfalcin, Milosz Parczewski, Christoph Sarrazin, Adolfo de Salazar, Ana Fuentes, Murat Sayan, Josep Quer, Midori Kjellin, Hege Kileng, Orna Mor, Johan Lennerstrand, Slim Fourati, Velia Chiara Di Maio, Vladimir Chulanov, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, P. Richard Harrigan, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Federico Garcia, Marianne Martinello, Gail Matthews, Fay Fabián Fernando, Juan I. Esteban, Beat Müllhaupt, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Peter Buggisch, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Thomas Berg, Christoph P. Berg, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Christophe Moreno, Rudolf Stauber, Andrew Lloyd, Gregory Dore, Tanya Applegate, Juan Ignacio, Damir Garcia-Cehic, Josep Gregori, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Ariadna Rando, Yael Gozlan, Mario Angelico, Massimo Andreoni, Sergio Babudieri, Ada Bertoli, Valeria Cento, Nicola Coppola, Antonio Craxì, Stefania Paolucci, Giustino Parruti, Caterina Pasquazzi, Carlo Federico Perno, Elisabetta Teti, C. Vironet, Anders Lannergård, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Soo Aleman, Tore Gutteberg, Alexandre Soulier, Aurélie Gourgeon, Stephane Chevaliez, Stanislas Pol, Fabrice Carrat, Dominique Salmon, Rolf Kaiser, Elena Knopes, Perpetua Gomes, Rob de Kneght, Bart Rijnders, Mario Poljak, Maja Lunar, Rafael Usubillaga, Carole Seguin_Devaux, Enoch Tay, Caroline Wilson, Dao Sen Wang, Jacob George, Jen Kok, Ana Belén Pérez, Natalia Chueca, Miguel García-Deltoro, Ana María Martínez-Sapiña, María Magdalena Lara-Pérez, Silvia García-Bujalance, Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría, Francisco Jesús Vera-Méndez, Juan Antonio Pineda, Marta Casado, Juan Manuel Pascasio, Javier Salmerón, Juan Carlos Alados-Arboledas, Antonio Poyato, Francisco Téllez, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Dolores Merino, María Jesús Vivancos-Gallego, José Miguel Rosales-Zábal, María Dolores Ocete, Miguel Ángel Simón, Pilar Rincón, Sergi Reus, Alberto De la Iglesia, Isabel García-Arata, Miguel Jiménez, Fernando Jiménez, José Hernández-Quero, Carlos Galera, Mohamed Omar Balghata, Joaquín Primo, Mar Masiá, Nuria Espinosa, Marcial Delgado, Miguel Ángel von-Wichmann, Antonio Collado, Jesús Santos, Carlos Mínguez, Felícitas Díaz-Flores, Elisa Fernández, Enrique Bernal, José De Juan, José Joaquín Antón, Mónica Vélez, Antonio Aguilera, Daniel Navarro, Juan Ignacio Arenas, Clotilde Fernández, María Dolores Espinosa, María José Ríos, Roberto Alonso, Carmen Hidalgo, Rosario Hernández, María Jesús Téllez, Francisco Javier Rodríguez, Pedro Antequera, Cristina Delgado, Patricia Martín, Javier Crespo, Berta Becerril, Oscar Pérez, Antonio García-Herola, José Montero, Carolina Freyre, Concepción Grau, Joaquin Cabezas, Miguel Jimenez, Manuel Alberto Macias Rodriguez, Cristina Quilez, Maria Rodriguez Pardo, Leopoldo Muñoz-Medina, and Blanca Figueruela

Subjects
RAS, HCV, DAA, virologic failure, NS5A, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background & Aims: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens provide a cure in >95% of patients with chronic HCV infection. However, in some patients in whom therapy fails, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) can develop, limiting retreatment options and risking onward resistant virus transmission. In this study, we evaluated RAS prevalence and distribution, including novel NS5A RASs and clinical factors associated with RAS selection, among patients who experienced DAA treatment failure. Methods: SHARED is an international consortium of clinicians and scientists studying HCV drug resistance. HCV sequence linked metadata from 3,355 patients were collected from 22 countries. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B RASs in virologic failures, including novel NS5A substitutions, were examined. Associations of clinical and demographic characteristics with RAS selection were investigated. Results: The frequency of RASs increased from its natural prevalence following DAA exposure: 37% to 60% in NS3, 29% to 80% in NS5A, 15% to 22% in NS5B for sofosbuvir, and 24% to 37% in NS5B for dasabuvir. Among 730 virologic failures, most were treated with first-generation DAAs, 94% had drug resistance in ≥1 DAA class: 31% single-class resistance, 42% dual-class resistance (predominantly against protease and NS5A inhibitors), and 21% triple-class resistance. Distinct patterns containing ≥2 highly resistant RASs were common. New potential NS5A RASs and adaptive changes were identified in genotypes 1a, 3, and 4. Following DAA failure, RAS selection was more frequent in older people with cirrhosis and those infected with genotypes 1b and 4. Conclusions: Drug resistance in HCV is frequent after DAA treatment failure. Previously unrecognized substitutions continue to emerge and remain uncharacterized. Lay summary: Although direct-acting antiviral medications effectively cure hepatitis C in most patients, sometimes treatment selects for resistant viruses, causing antiviral drugs to be either ineffective or only partially effective. Multidrug resistance is common in patients for whom DAA treatment fails. Older patients and patients with advanced liver diseases are more likely to select drug-resistant viruses. Collective efforts from international communities and governments are needed to develop an optimal approach to managing drug resistance and preventing the transmission of resistant viruses.

Published
2022
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26. The Common Mosquito (Culex pipiens) Does Not Seem to Be a Competent Vector for Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3

Author

Mario Frías, Laia Casades-Martí, María Á. Risalde, Pedro López-López, Raúl Cuadrado-Matías, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Antonio Rivero, and Francisco Ruiz-Fons

Subjects
vector competence, HEV, mosquito, Culex, experimental infection, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

An experimental infection approach was used to estimate the competence of the common mosquito, Culex pipiens, for hepatitis E virus replication and transmission, using an isolate of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 of human origin in varying infectious doses. The experimental approach was carried out in biosafety level 2 conditions on three batches of 120 Cx. pipiens females, each using an artificial feeding system containing the virus in aliquots of fresh avian blood. Mosquitoes from each batch were collected 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and dissected. The proboscis was subjected to forced excretion of saliva to estimate potential virus transmission. HEV RNA presence in abdomen, thorax, and saliva samples was analyzed by PCR at the selected post-infection times. HEV RNA was detected in the abdomens of Cx. pipiens females collected 1 dpi in the two experimentally-infected batches, but not in the saliva or thorax. None of the samples collected 7–21 dpi were positive. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is not a competent vector for HEV, at least for zoonotic genotype 3.

Published
2022
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27. Effects of first-line antiretroviral therapy on the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 cell counts in CoRIS: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Jarrin, Inmaculada, Moreno, Santiago, Alejos, Belén, Muñoz-Fernández, MÁngeles, Consuegra, Irene, Merino, Esperanza, García, Gema, Lirola, Ana López, García, Dácil, Asensi, Víctor, Valle, Eulalia, Rubio, Rafael, Pulido, Federico, Iribarren, José Antonio, Arrizabalaga, Julio, Gutiérrez, Félix, Masiá, Mar, Muga, Roberto, Sanvisens, Arantza, Berenguer, Juan, Vidal, Francesc, Montero, Marta, Blanco, José Ramón, López Bernarlo de Quirós, Juan Carlos, González-Garcia, Juan, Peraire, Joaquín, Arazo, Piedad, López-Aldeguer, José, Dalmau, David, Arnalich, Francisco, Rivero, Maria, Oteo, José Antonio, Sampériz, Gloria, Amengual, María José, Jaén, Angels, de los Santos, Ignacio, Repáraz, Jesús, Navarro, Gemma, Bernal, Enrique, Sanz, Jesús, Viciana, Pompeyo, García, Federico, Casado, José Luis, Del Romero, Jorge, Cano, Alfredo, Antela, Antonio, Quero, José Hernández, Riera, Melchor, Raposo, Montserrat, Santos, Jesús, Losada, Elena, Daniel, Podzamczer, Peñaranda, María, Ayerbe, Cristina Gómez, Espinosa, Nuria, Olalla, Julián, Imaz, Arkaitz, Martínez, Onofre, Curran, Adrian, Castro, Ángeles, Pérez Stachowski, Javier, Muñoz, Josefa, Vera, Francisco Jesús, Galera, Carlos, Pernas, Berta, Amador, Concha, Zuriñe, Miren, Albendin, Helena, Suárez-García, Inés, Pasquau, Francisco, Omar, Mohamed, Malmierca, Eduardo, de Zarraga, Miguel Alberto, Gómez Vidal, María Amparo, Estrada, Vicente, Górgolas, Miguel, Sanz, José, Téllez, María Jesús, Galindo, María José, Cabello, Alfonso, Rivero, Antonio, Arranz, Alberto, Cervero, Miguel, Vilalta, Ramón, Pineda, Juan A, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Torres, Rafael, Poveda, Eva, Rincón, Pilar, Pérez, Alexandre, Moreno, Cristina, Portilla, Irene, Díaz-Flores, Felicitas, Rivas, María E, Bisbal, Otilia, Aramburu, María J, Padilla, Sergio, Fuster, Daniel, Gutiérrez, Isabel, Viladés, Consuelo, Blanes, Marino, Arribas, José Ramón, Ibarra, Valvanera, Sanmartí, Montse, de Alda, María Ruiz, Cervantes, Manel, Salas, Ana, Dronda, Fernando, Alcaraz, Antonia, Muñoz, Leopoldo, Rodríguez, Carmen, Ribas, María Angels, Viciana, Isabel, López-Cortés, Luis, Tiraboschi, Juan, del Arco, Alfonso, Martínez, Lorena, Mena, Álvaro, Mirena, Josu, Pérez, Aurora, Ena, Javier, González-Ruano, Patricia, Vergas, Jorge, Álvarez, Beatriz, Hernández, Cristina, Ferrer, Ana, López, Pedro, Macías, Juan, Crespo, Manuel, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Iniesta, Carlos, Agea, Iván, Gómez, Juan Luis, Suárez-Zarracina, Tomás, Hernando, Asunción, Camino, Xabier, Robledano, Catalina, Ramírez, Margarita, Veloso, Sergio, Tasias, María, Bernardino, Jose Ignacio, Metola, Luis, Cairó, Mireia, de León Cano, María Teresa, Calzado, Sonia, Sarria, Cristina, Moreno, Ana, Bravo, Joaquín, Alvarez, Marta, Puerta, Teresa, Campins, Antoni A, Palacios, Rosario, Silva, Ana, de la Torre, Javier, García, Josefina, Ibarra, Sofía, Iborra, Asunción, Benito, Concha, Martín, Dolores, Pérez-Somarriba, Juncal, Prieto, Laura, Novella, María, Machuca, Isabel, Merchante, Nicolás, Morano, Luis, González, Maria Isabel, García, Luis NM, Portilla, Joaquín, Alonso, María del Mar, Pérez, Laura, Domínguez, Lourdes, Rodríguez-Arrondo, Francisco, Colomé, Joan Gregori, Padilla, Belén, Vargas, Montserrat, Castro, Iván, Castro, Juan Miguel, Sanz, Mercedes, Martinez-Lacasa, Javier, Pierola, Beatriz, Navarro, Marta, Garcia-Fraile, Lucio, Pérez-Elias, Maria Jesús, Muñoz, Ángeles, Chueca, Natalia, Carrió, Juan Carlos, Vidal, Carmen, Pérez, Carmen, Saumoy, María, Prada, José Luis, Alcaraz, Begoña, Ferrero, Oscar, Moreno, Antonio, Fenoll, Vicenta, Ruiz, Mª Pilar, Frias, Mario, Real, Luis Miguel, Miralles, Celia, Garcia, Federico, Sanz, Nieves, Sánchez-Payá, José, Pelazas, Ricardo, Rial, David, von Wichman, Miguel Ángel, Adsuar, Araceli, Gijón, Paloma, Olona, Montserrat, Calabuig, Eva, Delgado, Ana, Pérez-Martínez, Laura, Velli, Pablo, Martín-Gayo, Enrique, Gutiérrez, Carolina, Alcaraz, Maria José, Vinuesa, David, Vera, Mar, Fanjul, Francisco, Gonzalez-Domenec, Carmen, Prieto, Paula, de las Lomas, José N García, Jimeno, Amaya, López, Josefina, Merlos, Maria, Gil, Concepción, Camacho, Angela, Corma, Anais, Ocampo, Antonio, Rava, Marta, Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, Hernández, Jehovana, Bermejo, Laura, Pascual, Lidia, Pascual, Rafael, Aldamiz-Echevarría, Teresa, Rull, Anna, Cuéllar, Sandra, Escosa, Luis, Font, Roser, Madrid, Nadia, del Carmen Villalba, Maria, Martinez-Montes, Clara, Ballesteros, Juan, Murillas, Javier, Cámara, María Mar, Vidal, Asunción, Algado, José Tomas, Fernández, Marta, Pousada, Guillermo, Iribarren, Jose Antonio, Gimeno, Lina, Alemán, María Remedios, Santacreu, Mireia, Goenaga, Miguel Ángel, Tejerina, Francisco, Rodríguez-Gallego, Esther, Salavert, Miguel, Herranz, Pedro, Martinez, Marina, del Campo, Santos, Guerrero, Carlos, Ayerdi, Oskar, Homar, Francisco, de la Peña, Mireia, Meca, Marisa, Díez, Marcos, Azkune, Harkaitz, Barber, Xavier, Balsalobre, Pascual, Castellanos, Alfonso Javier, García-Bujalance, Silvia, Vivancos, Maria Jesús, Fuentes, Ana, Martin, Maria Luisa, Lopez, Iñigo, Vilchez, Helem, Lopez, Miriam, Carreres, Melissa, Ibarguren, Maialen, Agullo, Vanessa, Diez, Cristina, López-Dupla, Miguel, García, Milagros, Umerez, Maitane, Martínez-Sanz, Javier, Payeras, Antoni, Reus, Sergio, Lizardi, Aitziber, Garcia, Javier, Pérez, Leire, González-Baeza, Alicia, Anxa, Usua, González, Juan, Boix, Vicente, Kortajarena, Xabier, Pascual, Reyes, Fanciulli, Chiara, Martín-Carbonero, Maria Luz, Mellado, Maria José, Micán, Rafael, Montejano, Rocio, Montes, María Luisa, Moreno, Victoria, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Rúa, Guadalupe, Rodés, Berta, Sainz, Talia, Sendagorta, Elena, Stella, Natalia, Valencia, Eulalia, Velasco, Tamara, Muñoz-Fernández, María Ángeles, Torrús, Diego, Carmona, María Pilar, Roca, María, Mayoral, Mario, Vallejo, Alejandro, Serrano-Villar, Sergio, Ron, Raquel, Talavera-Rodríguez, Alba, Fernández-Felix, Borja M, Herrera, Sabina, Muriel, Alfonso, de Zárraga, Miguel Alberto, and Vivancos, María J

Published
2020
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28. Executive summary: Consensus document of the diagnosis, management and prevention of infection with the hepatitis E virus: Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (GEHEP) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC)

Author

Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Aguilera, Antonio, Avellón, Ana, García-Deltoro, Miguel, García, Federico, Gortazar, Christian, Granados, Rafael, Macías, Juan, Merchante, Nicolás, Oteo, José Antonio, Pérez-Gracia, María Teresa, Pineda, Juan Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, Rodriguez-Lazaro, David, Téllez, Francisco, and Morano-Amado, Luis E.

Published
2020
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30. Comparison of hepatitis B and SARS-CoV2 vaccination rates in people who attended Drugs and Addiction Centres

Author

Corona-Mata, Diana, primary, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, Camacho, Ángela, additional, Ruiz-Torres, Laura, additional, Ruiz-Cáceres, Inmaculada, additional, Pérez, Ana Belén, additional, de la Fuente Darder, Bartolomé, additional, Cáceres-Anillo, David, additional, Castro-Granados, María de Guía, additional, Lizaur-Barbudo, María, additional, Cabrera-Gisbert, María Victoria, additional, Redondo-Écija, Justa, additional, Aparicio-Aparicio, Ana, additional, Manchado-López, Leticia, additional, Cobos, Luciano, additional, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional

Published
2024
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32. High efficacy of resistance-guided retreatment of HCV patients failing NS5A inhibitors in the real world

Author

Ocete, María Dolores, Simón, Miguel Ángel, Rincón, Pilar, Reus, Sergi, De la Iglesia, Alberto, García-Arata, Isabel, Jiménez, Miguel, Jiménez, Fernando, Hernández-Quero, José, Galera, Carlos, Balghata, Mohamed Omar, Primo, Joaquín, Masiá, Mar, Espinosa, Nuria, Delgado, Marcial, von-Wichmann, Miguel Ángel, Collado, Antonio, Santos, Jesús, Mínguez, Carlos, Díaz-Flores, Felícitas, Fernández, Elisa, Bernal, Enrique, De Juan, José, Antón, José Joaquín, Vélez, Mónica, Aguilera, Antonio, Navarro, Daniel, Arenas, Juan Ignacio, Fernández, Clotilde, Espinosa, María Dolores, Ríos, María José, Alonso, Roberto, Hidalgo, Carmen, Hernández, Rosario, Téllez, María Jesús, Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Antequera, Pedro, Delgado, Cristina, Martín, Patricia, Crespo, Javier, Becerril, Berta, Pérez, Óscar, García-Herola, Antonio, Montero, José, Freyre, Carolina, Grau, Concepción, Pérez, Ana Belén, Chueca, Natalia, García-Deltoro, Miguel, Martínez-Sapiña, Ana María, Lara-Pérez, María Magdalena, García-Bujalance, Silvia, Aldámiz-Echevarría, Teresa, Vera-Méndez, Francisco Jesús, Pineda, Juan Antonio, Casado, Marta, Pascasio, Juan Manuel, Salmerón, Javier, Alados-Arboledas, Juan Carlos, Poyato, Antonio, Téllez, Francisco, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Merino, Dolores, Vivancos-Gallego, María Jesús, Rosales-Zábal, José Miguel, and García, Federico

Published
2019
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33. Response to direct-acting antiviral therapy among ongoing drug users and people receiving opioid substitution therapy

Author

Macías, Juan, Morano, Luis E., Téllez, Francisco, Granados, Rafael, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Palacios, Rosario, Ríos, MªJosé, Merino, Dolores, Pérez-Pérez, Montserrat, Collado, Antonio, Figueruela, Blanca, Morano, Aitana, Freyre-Carrillo, Carolina, Martín, José M., Rivero, Antonio, García, Federico, and Pineda, Juan A.

Published
2019
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34. Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in bats from Portugal.

Author

Cruz, Andreia V S, López-López, Pedro, Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rebelo, Hugo, and Mesquita, João R

Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidia commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and a wide range of other animals, constituting a major cause of microsporidiosis in humans. Although E. bieneusi has been detected in humans, domestic, and wild animals in Portugal, and its presence in bats has been linked to zoonotic characteristics, its occurrence in bats within the country has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the presence of E. bieneusi in 380 bat fecal samples collected in mainland Portugal through a nested PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer region and the flanking small and large subunits of the ribosomal RNA. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in one bat sample (i.e. 0.26%; Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Additionally, another sample tested positive for Enterocytozoon sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained ITS sequence of E. bieneusi revealed clustering within the potentially zoonotic Group 1. This study represents the first report of E. bieneusi in a bat from Europe. Findings presented here contribute to an enhanced understanding of E. bieneusi epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV late presenters

Author

Corona, Diana, primary, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, Camacho, Angela, additional, Liarte, Ángela Gutiérrez, additional, Montero-Alonso, Marta, additional, Alemán, María Remedios, additional, Ruiz-Seco, Pilar, additional, González, Alexandre Pérez, additional, Riera, Melchor, additional, Jarrin, Inmaculada, additional, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional

Published
2023
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37. Lack of associations of microRNAs with severe NAFLD in people living with HIV: discovery case-control study

Author

Frías, Mario, primary, Corona-Mata, Diana, additional, Moyano, Jose M., additional, Camacho-Espejo, Angela, additional, López-López, Pedro, additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Ruiz-Cáceres, Inmaculada, additional, Casares-Jiménez, Marı́a, additional, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional

Published
2023
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38. Serosurvey of Blood Donors to Assess West Nile Virus Exposure, South-Central Spain.

Author

Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Vázquez, Ana, Madrigal, Elena, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Gallo, Marina, Herrero, Laura, Jarilla, María, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Rivero, Antonio Rivero-Juárez Antonio

Subjects
WEST Nile virus, BLOOD donors, WEST Nile fever, LYME disease, EMERGING infectious diseases
Abstract

The article focuses on West Nile virus (WNV) epidemiology in Spain, emphasizing its endemic status and the potential risk posed by vectors and animal reservoirs. Topics include the virus's classification within the Flaviviridae family, its transmission primarily by Culex mosquitoes, and the need for enhanced surveillance in regions like Ciudad Real to monitor virus circulation and human exposure levels accurately.

Published
2024
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39. Using machine learning methods to determine a typology of patients with HIV-HCV infection to be treated with antivirals.

Author

Antonio Rivero-Juárez, David Guijo-Rubio, Francisco Tellez, Rosario Palacios, Dolores Merino, Juan Macías, Juan Carlos Fernández, Pedro Antonio Gutiérrez, Antonio Rivero, and César Hervás-Martínez

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Several European countries have established criteria for prioritising initiation of treatment in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) by grouping patients according to clinical characteristics. Based on neural network techniques, our objective was to identify those factors for HIV/HCV co-infected patients (to which clinicians have given careful consideration before treatment uptake) that have not being included among the prioritisation criteria. This study was based on the Spanish HERACLES cohort (NCT02511496) (April-September 2015, 2940 patients) and involved application of different neural network models with different basis functions (product-unit, sigmoid unit and radial basis function neural networks) for automatic classification of patients for treatment. An evolutionary algorithm was used to determine the architecture and estimate the coefficients of the model. This machine learning methodology found that radial basis neural networks provided a very simple model in terms of the number of patient characteristics to be considered by the classifier (in this case, six), returning a good overall classification accuracy of 0.767 and a minimum sensitivity (for the classification of the minority class, untreated patients) of 0.550. Finally, the area under the ROC curve was 0.802, which proved to be exceptional. The parsimony of the model makes it especially attractive, using just eight connections. The independent variable "recent PWID" is compulsory due to its importance. The simplicity of the model means that it is possible to analyse the relationship between patient characteristics and the probability of belonging to the treated group.

Published
2020
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42. Severe immunosuppression is related to poorer immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among people living with HIV

Author

Anaïs, Corma-Gómez, Marta, Fernández-Fuertes, Estefanía, García, Ana, Fuentes-López, Cristina, Gómez-Ayerbe, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Carmen, Domínguez, Marta, Santos, Laura, Viñuela, Rosario, Palacios, Luis M, Real, Antonio, Rivero, Juan, Macías, Juan A, Pineda, Federico, García, Red Española de Investigación en SIDA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and European Commission

Subjects
Immunosuppression Therapy, Microbiology (medical), COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, COVID-19, HIV Infections, CD4 T-cell counts, General Medicine, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, People living with HIV, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Humoral response, Prospective Studies, RNA, Messenger, Vaccine
Abstract

[Objectives] The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 available vaccines among people living with HIV (PLWH) after a complete vaccination scheme, and determine predictors of seroconversion., [Methods] This multicentre prospective cohort study included 420 PLWH who had received a standard immunization, either with mRNA or adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Antibody response was evaluated within 1 to 2 months after the last dose of the vaccine with a quantitative determination of antitrimeric spike protein-specific IgG antibodies and IgG neutralizing antibodies., [Results] Overall, 384 of 420 PLWH (91%) showed antibody response to vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in 308 of 326 individuals with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts ≥350 cells/mm3 (95%), 55 of 61 PLWH with 200 to 349 cells/mm3 (90%), and 21 of 33 PLWH with CD4 counts, [Discussion] HIV-related immunosuppression impairs the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Specific vaccination schemes should be urgently tailored in this setting, particularly in patients with CD4 cell counts, This work was supported, in part, by the Spanish Network for AIDS Investigation (www.red.es/redes/inicio; RD16/0025/0040) as part of the Nacional I + D + I, ISCIII Subdirección General de Evaluación and the European Fund for Development of Regions. Juan Antonio Pineda received a research extension grant from the Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad de Investigación del Servicio Nacional de Salud Carlos III. Anaïs Corma-Gómez received a Río...

Published
2022

43. CD46 Genetic Variability and HIV-1 Infection Susceptibility

Author

Carmen Serrano-Rísquez, Mohamed Omar, María Amparo Gómez-Vidal, Luis Miguel Real, Juan Antonio Pineda, Antonio Rivero, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Donald Forthal, Francisco J. Márquez, Sergio Lo Caputo, Mario Clerici, Mara Biasin, and Antonio Caruz

Subjects
HIV-1, HIV exposed seronegative, HESN, CD46, complement, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

CD46 is the main receptor for complement protein C3 and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. CD46 genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to several infectious and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, CD46 function can be subverted by HIV-1 to evade attack by complement, a strategy shared by viruses of other families. We sought to determine the association between CD46 gene variants and HIV-1 acquired through intravenous drug use (IDU) and sexual routes (n = 823). Study subjects were of European ancestry and were HIV-1 infected (n = 438) or exposed but seronegative (n = 387). Genotyping of the rs2796265 SNP located in the CD46 gene region was done by allele-specific real-time PCR. A meta-analysis merging IDU and sexual cohorts indicates that the minor genotype (CC) was associated with increased resistance to HIV-1 infection OR = 0.2, 95% CI (0.07–0.61), p = 0.004. The HIV-1-protective genotype is correlated with reduced CD46 expression and alterations in the ratio of CD46 mRNA splicing isoforms.

Published
2021
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44. Impact of HIV on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients

Author

Merchante, Nicolás, Rodríguez-Fernández, Miguel, Figueruela, Blanca, Rodríguez-Arrondo, Francisco, Revollo, Boris, Ibarra, Sofía, Téllez, Francisco, Merino, Esperanza, Montero-Alonso, Marta, Galindo, María J., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Santos, Ignacio de Los, Delgado-Fernández, Marcial, García-Deltoro, Miguel, Vera-Méndez, Francisco J., García, María A., Aguirrebengoa, Koldo, Portu, Joseba, Ríos-Villegas, María J., Villalobos, Marina, Alemán-Valls, María R., Mínguez, Carlos, Galera, Carlos, Macías, Juan, and Pineda, Juan A.

Published
2020
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46. Orthohepevirus C infection as an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in Spain: First report in Europe

Author

Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Rivero-Juárez, Antonio [0000-0002-5813-6889], Pérez, Ana Belén [0000-0001-9655-817X], Reina, Gabriel [0000-0003-4079-9753], Freyre, Carolina [0000-0001-7190-4443], Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Frías, Mario, Pérez, Ana Belén, Pineda, Juan A., Reina, Gabriel, Fuentes-López, Ana, Freyre, Carolina, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Alados, Juan Carlos, Rivero, Antonio, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Rivero-Juárez, Antonio [0000-0002-5813-6889], Pérez, Ana Belén [0000-0001-9655-817X], Reina, Gabriel [0000-0003-4079-9753], Freyre, Carolina [0000-0001-7190-4443], Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Frías, Mario, Pérez, Ana Belén, Pineda, Juan A., Reina, Gabriel, Fuentes-López, Ana, Freyre, Carolina, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Alados, Juan Carlos, and Rivero, Antonio

Abstract

[Background & Aim] Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was considered the only member of the Hepeviridae family with zoonotic potential. Nevertheless, this consideration has been reassessed owing to several reported cases of acute and chronic hepatitis linked to the Orthohepevirus C genus. Because the circulation of Orthohepevirus C in rodents has been described worldwide, the risk of zoonotic transmission is plausibly global., [Methods] Orthohepevirus C RNA was retrospectively evaluated in 2 cohorts of patients in Spain. The first cohort included patients with acute hepatitis without etiological diagnosis after screening for hepatotropic virus infection. The second cohort included patients diagnosed with acute HEV infection, defined as positivity for anti-HEV-IgM antibodies and/or detectable HEV RNA in serum., [Results] Cohort 1 comprised 169 patients (64.4% male, median age 43 years) and cohort 2 comprised 98 individuals (68.3% male, median age 45 years). Of the individuals included in Cohort 1, two (1.18%; 95% CI 0.2-3.8) had detectable Orthohepevirus C RNA in serum. In Cohort 2, of the 98 included patients, 58 showed detectable HEV RNA, while 40 only showed positivity for IgM antibodies. Among those bearing only IgM antibodies, Orthohepevirus C RNA was detected in 1 (2.5%; 95% CI 0.06-13.1) individual. All strains were consistent with genotype C1. The infection resulted in mild self-limiting acute hepatitis in 2 patients. Infection caused severe acute hepatitis in the remaining patient who died as a result of liver and renal failure., [Conclusions] We described 3 cases of Orthohepevirus C in patients with acute hepatitis, resulting in the first description of this infection in Europe. The prevalence obtained in our study suggests that Orthohepevirus C could be an emerging disease in Europe.

Published
2022

47. High efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for HCV-infected individuals with active drug use

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Real, Luis Miguel [0000-0003-4932-7429], Rivero-Juárez, Antonio [0000-0002-5813-6889], González, Alejandro, Macías, Juan, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Téllez, Francisco, Cucurull, Josep, Real, Luis Miguel, Granados, Rafael, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Hernandez-Quero, José, Merino, Dolores, Palacios, Rosario, Ríos-Villegas, María José, Collado, Antonio, Pineda, Juan A., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Real, Luis Miguel [0000-0003-4932-7429], Rivero-Juárez, Antonio [0000-0002-5813-6889], González, Alejandro, Macías, Juan, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Téllez, Francisco, Cucurull, Josep, Real, Luis Miguel, Granados, Rafael, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Hernandez-Quero, José, Merino, Dolores, Palacios, Rosario, Ríos-Villegas, María José, Collado, Antonio, and Pineda, Juan A.

Abstract

[Objectives] Real world data on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) among active drug users are scarce. We evaluated the sustained virological response (SVR) rates of G/P among individuals with and without active drug use in routine clinical practice., [Methods] Two ongoing prospective multicenter cohorts of individuals starting G/P were analyzed. Overall SVR intention-to-treat (ITT), discontinuations due to adverse effects and dropouts were evaluated. Results in patients with active, past and without active drug use were compared., [Results] Overall, 644 individuals started G/P and have reached the date of SVR evaluation. Of them, 613 (95.2%) individuals achieved SVR. There were two (0.3%) relapses, one (0.2%) discontinuation due to side effects and 35 (5.4%) dropouts. SVR rates for patients with active drug use, past drug use and those who never used drugs were 85.4%(n/N = 70/82), 96.1%(n/N = 320/333) and 97.4%(n/N = 223/229) respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustment by sex, age, HCV genotype and opioid agonist therapy, active drug use was the only factor independently associated with SVR (ITT) [adjusted OR (95%confidence interval): 0.29(0.09–0.99),p = 0.048]., [Conclusions] Active drug use was independently associated with lower SVR rates to G/P, mainly due to voluntary dropout. G/P could be particularly beneficial in this scenario but specific strategies designed to increase the retention in care are needed.

Published
2022

48. Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence of the Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Author

Patricia Barroso, María A. Risalde, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Pelayo Acevedo, José Ángel Barasona, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Vidal Montoro, and Joaquín Vicente

Subjects
hepatitis E virus, long-term, public health, shared infection, wild boar, zoonosis, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen whose main reservoir is suids. Most of the ecological and epidemiological aspects of its sylvatic cycle remain unknown. Thus, in this work, we study the drivers of HEV exposure in the wild boar population of Doñana National Park (DNP, southwest Spain) operating in the medium and long-term (2005–2018). Anti-HEV antibodies are widely distributed throughout the wild boar (46.7 ± 3.8%, 327 out of 700 sampled), showing a statistically significant age-increasing pattern. The temporal pattern displayed important interannual fluctuations. This could be mediated by marked variations in the population control of the wild boar, and subsequent changes in abundance rates, and its interplay with climatic conditions; as wet years together with a low abundance of wild boar led to the lowest seroprevalence. The fact that seroprevalence is high during conditions of high abundance, and not affected by rainfall level, is probably due to the increased interactions among the animals, and possibly, the subsequent higher environmental contamination with HEV particles. The proximity to the marshland (the main water body of the study area) is associated with a higher risk of testing positive, which is probably mediated by the preferential use of this area during the dry season and the favourable environmental conditions for the survival of HEV particles. A deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HEV in host communities deserves future research concerning other susceptible species. Most importantly, wild boar population control remains a challenge at the international level, and an increase of shared pathogen-related conflicts associated with this species is expected, as exemplified by HEV. Therefore, surveillance of wild boar diseases, including integrated population monitoring and sustainable population control programmes, will be essential to control the associated risks.

Published
2021
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50. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports

Author

Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, GEHEP-014 Study Group, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, and GEHEP-014 Study Group

Abstract

[Introduction] Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) is an endemic zoonotic disease ranked as a major cause of acute hepatitis in Europe. Most infections occurring in Europe are due to the endemic several subtypes of genotype 3, through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, observing a genotype geographical distribution pattern among countries Because of global changes in the pig and pork trading markets, subtype distribution might vary. We aimed to evaluate the temporal distribution of HEV genotypes in patients from southern Spain with acute hepatitis to determine whether these changes were related to the pig import trade during the study period between 2018 and 2022., [Methods] Prospective longitudinal study including patients with acute hepatitis from southern Spain between 2018 and 2022. HEV RNA and antibodies was tested in all patients. In patients with detectable HEV RNA, genotype was obtained. To determine the number of imported pigs and their origins, we checked the official data from the Spanish statistics on international trade of Spanish Minister of Industry during by country of origin during the same study period., [Results] A total of 659 patients with acute hepatitis were included in the study. Among them, 162 (24.5%) had at least one marker (IgM or RNA) of acute HEV infection. Among the 71 patients with detectable viral RNA, genotypes could be obtained for 58 (81.6%). The most prevalent HEV genotype was 3f (n = 48; 78.6%), showing a decreasing prevalence of over time, from 100% in 2018 to 70.6% in 2022. Since 2021, the emergence of other genotypes has been determined. A significant increase in the number of animals imported was observed since the beginning of the study. Denmark experienced a significant rise, from 0.03% in 2018 of total imports to 10.4% in 2022., [Conclusions] HEV molecular diversity is changing in Spain, could be linked to changes in fattening pig import origin.

Published
2023

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