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The promise of large-scale, high-resolution datasets from Electron Microscopy (EM) and X-ray Microtomography (XRM) lies in their ability to reveal neural structures and synaptic connectivity, which is critical for understanding the brain. Effectively managing these complex and rapidly increasing datasets will enable new scientific insights, facilitate querying, and support secondary use across the neuroscience community. However, without effective neurodata standards that permit use of these data across multiple systems and workflows, these valuable and costly datasets risk being underutilized especially as they surpass petascale levels. These standards will promote data sharing through accessible interfaces, allow researchers to build on each other's work, and guide the development of tools and capabilities that are interoperable. Herein we outline a standards framework for creating and managing annotations originating and derived from high-resolution volumetric imaging and connectomic datasets, focusing on ensuring Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) practices. The goal is to enhance collaborative efforts, boost the reliability of findings, and enable comparative analysis across growing datasets of different species and modalities. We have formed a global working group with academic and industry partners in the high-resolution volumetric data generation and analysis community, focused on identifying gaps in current EM and XRM data pipelines, and refining outlines and platforms for standardizing EM and XRM methods. This focus considers existing and past community approaches and includes examining neuronal entities, biological components, and associated metadata, while emphasizing adaptability and fostering collaboration., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

High resolution volumetric neuroimaging datasets from electron microscopy (EM) and x-ray micro and holographic-nano tomography (XRM/XHN) are being generated at an increasing rate and by a growing number of research teams. These datasets are derived from an increasing number of species, in an increasing number of brain regions, and with an increasing number of techniques. Each of these large-scale datasets, often surpassing petascale levels, is typically accompanied by a unique and varied set of metadata. These datasets can be used to derive connectomes, or neuron-synapse level connectivity diagrams, to investigate the fundamental organization of neural circuitry, neuronal development, and neurodegenerative disease. Standardization is essential to facilitate comparative connectomics analysis and enhance data utilization. Although the neuroinformatics community has successfully established and adopted data standards for many modalities, this effort has not yet encompassed EM and XRM/ XHN connectomics data. This lack of standardization isolates these datasets, hindering their integration and comparison with other research performed in the field. Towards this end, our team formed a working group consisting of community stakeholders to develop Image and Experimental Metadata Standards for EM and XRM/XHN data to ensure the scientific impact and further motivate the generation and sharing of these data. This document addresses version 1.1 of these standards, aiming to support metadata services and future software designs for community collaboration. Standards for derived annotations are described in a companion document. Standards definitions are available on a community github page. We hope these standards will enable comparative analysis, improve interoperability between connectomics software tools, and continue to be refined and improved by the neuroinformatics community., Comment: 15 Pages, 3 figures, 2 tables