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This study delves into the analysis of recession characteristics of spring base flow, focusing on the Hill campus spring (elevation of approximately 2,150 m) and Fakua spring (elevation of approximately 1,850 m) in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India. Spanning from January 1999 to December 2004, discharge data from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology's Hill campus are employed. The research employs an automated, objective-based method to generate master recession curves (MRCs) and categorize them into early, intermittent, and late recession segments. Statistical parameters and low-flow indices from flow duration curves (FDCs) are utilized for flow assessment, while base flow indices (BFIs) are analyzed using the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT). The findings highlight the importance of water storage strategies during the rainy season for the sustainable utilization of spring water. The study suggests that the techniques applied are equally applicable for analyzing river flow recession characteristics, emphasizing the broader implications for integrated water resources planning and management in mountainous regions. HIGHLIGHTS This study presents a novel automated and objective-driven method for generating master recession curves (MRCs).; It categorizes them into early, intermittent, and late recession segments.; This method employs statistical parameters and low-flow indices derived from flow duration curves (FDCs).;

Background: Current standard of care treatment for patients with ≥15 brain metastases (BM) is whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), despite poor neurocognitive outcomes. We analyzed our institutional experience of treating these patients with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), with the aim of evaluating safety, cognitive outcomes, and survival metrics. Methods: Patients who received SRS for ≥15 BMs in 1 to 5 fractions from 2014 to 2022 were included. Cognitive outcomes were objectively evaluated using serial Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and log-rank test for intergroup comparisons. Results: Overall, 118 patients underwent 124 courses of LINAC-based SRS. The median number of lesions treated per course was 20 (range, 15-94). Most patients received fractionated SRS to a dose of 24 Gy in 3 fractions (81.5%). At the time of SRS, 19.4% patients had received prior WBRT, and 24.2% had received prior SRS. The rate of any grade radiation necrosis (RN) and grade ≥3 RN were 15.3% and 3.2%, respectively. When evaluating longitudinal PROMIS score trends, 25 of 31 patients had a stable/improved PROMIS score. Patients who did not receive prior brain RT had a longer median survival (7.4 months vs 4.6 months, P = .034). The 12m local control was 97.6%, and the cumulative incidence of distant intracranial failure, with death as a competing event, was 46% (95% CI, 36%, 55%). One year freedom from neurologic death, leptomeningeal disease, and salvage WBRT were 89%, 94.6%, and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: We present here one of the largest studies evaluating SRS for patients with ≥15 BMs. SRS was safe, had favorable cognitive outcomes, and had comparable survival outcomes to contemporary studies evaluating WBRT in this population. Treatment-naïve patients had a median survival of >6 months, long enough to benefit from cognitive sparing with SRS. Our study supports randomized studies comparing SRS and hippocampal avoidance WBRT approaches for these patients.

Introduction: Avulsion of teeth is one of the most complex forms of dental injury, and the selection of an appropriate storage medium greatly influences the preservation of Periodontal Ligament (PDL) cell viability, which is crucial for the successful re-implantation of avulsed teeth. Therefore, identifying effective storage options such as natural coconut water and pre-packaged coconut water holds significant promise in improving outcomes for this challenging dental injury. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of natural coconut water, pre-packaged coconut water, and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) as storage media in maintaining PDL cell viability. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 non-carious freshly extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four study groups (n=8) and stored in the following storage media respectively: Group I-Natural coconut water group, Group II-Pre-packaged coconut water group, Group III-Bench dry group, and Group IV-HBSS groups for 30 minutes. The PDL cells were collected and incubated in phosphate buffer saline for 30 minutes and then centrifuged at 800 rpm for five minutes. Following this, the cells were stained with trypan blue to observe their viability. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for analysing the data. Results: The mean percentage of viable cells in natural coconut water (80.6250) was higher than in HBSS (79.8750), pre-packaged coconut water (79.2500), and the bench dry group (6.1250). Meanwhile, the mean percentage of non-viable cells was highest in the bench dry group (93.8750), followed by the pre-packaged coconut water (20.7500), HBSS (20.1250), and natural coconut water (19.3750). Conclusion: Natural coconut water and pre-packaged coconut water are equally effective in maintaining the viability of PDL cells. Therefore, pre-packaged coconut water can be used as a substitute for natural coconut water for tooth storage, depending upon availability.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the impact or effect of nicotine dependence on self-efficacy and readiness to quit. Materials and Method: The current study was performed using a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire design among tobacco users visiting primary health care facilities in the rural Jaipur district. Jaipur district is divided into four directions: east, west, north, and south. From each direction, two PHCs were selected randomly based on suitable accessibility to patients. Sample size of study is 465. Out of 465 tobacco consumers, 238 were consuming a smoked form of tobacco, and 227 study participants were consuming a smokeless form of tobacco. Results: It was observed that the majority of study participants (145 (31%)) need smoke/smokeless tobacco within 5 minutes of waking up. With regards to internal stimuli, the majority of study participants (179 (38%)) and (203 (44%)) were not very sure that they would refrain from smoking when they were nervous and depressed. It was determined that quitting tobacco products was not at all important for 159 (34%) study participants. In regards to confidence in tobacco product quitting, only 79 (16%) of tobacco consumers were extremely confident. Conclusion: It was concluded that nicotine dependence impacts both self-efficacy and readiness to quit. It was determined that the higher the nicotine dependence, the less self-efficacy and the less would be the readiness to quit.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the cutting efficiency of Pedoflex rotary, Kedo SH manual file, and manual K file systems used in root canal instrumentation while performing pulp therapy of deciduous teeth with a stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted primary human root canals were chosen, and following the removal of pulp tissue, the canals were dyed with Indian ink and left to dry for 2 h. The samples were randomly divided into three groups, Group A: Kedo SH manual file system (n = 15), Group B: Pedoflex rotary file system (n = 15), and Group C: Manual K files (n = 15). After root canal instrumentation, all the root canals were cleared to make them transparent. The teeth after clearing were observed under stereomicroscope and scored according to the amount of dye present in the root canals. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with SPSS version 16 using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's test (post-hoc). Results: With regards to cutting efficiency, there was a statistically noteworthy difference among groups A and C [P = 0.000] and groups B and C [P = 0.000]. Furthermore, groups A and B did not differ statistically significantly [P = 0.950]. Conclusions: Cutting efficacy of the Pedoflex rotary files was seen to be superior to that of Kedo SH and manual K files. Clinical Significance: Rotary files in deciduous teeth have various benefits over manual files, resulting in a noticeable reduction in working time, which has aided in maintaining patient participation by reducing the risk for fatigue. We conclude that NiTi rotary devices result in a superior cutting efficiency and, as a result, greater clinical success.

One of the most crucial steps toward achieving human-like manipulation skills in robots is to incorporate compliance into the robot controller. Compliance not only makes the robot’s behaviour safe but also makes it more energy efficient. In this direction, the variable impedance control (VIC) approach provides a framework for a robot to adapt its compliance during execution by employing an adaptive impedance law. Nevertheless, autonomously adapting the compliance profile as demanded by the task remains a challenging problem to be solved in practice. In this work, we introduce a reinforcement learning (RL)-based approach called DEVILC (Data-Efficient Variable Impedance Learning Controller) to learn the variable impedance controller through real-world interaction of the robot. More concretely, we use a model-based RL approach in which, after every interaction, the robot iteratively learns a probabilistic model of its dynamics using the Gaussian process regression model. The model is then used to optimize a neural-network policy that modulates the robot’s impedance such that the long-term reward for the task is maximized. Thanks to the model-based RL framework, DEVILC allows a robot to learn the VIC policy with only a few interactions, making it practical for real-world applications. In simulations and experiments, we evaluate DEVILC on a Franka Emika Panda robotic manipulator for different manipulation tasks in the Cartesian space. The results show that DEVILC is a promising direction toward autonomously learning compliant manipulation skills directly in the real world through interactions. A video of the experiments is available in the link: https://youtu.be/_uyr0Vye5no.

ABSTRACTHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises a diverse group of tumors with variable treatment response and prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes microbiome and immune cells, can impact outcomes. Here, we sought to relate the presence of specific microbes, gene expression, and tumor immune infiltration using tumor transcriptomics from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and associate these with overall survival (OS). RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from HNSCC tumors in TCGA was processed through the exogenous sequences in tumors and immune cells (exotic) pipeline to identify and quantify low-abundance microbes. The detection of the Papillomaviridae family of viruses assessed HPV status. All statistical analyses were performed using R. A total of 499 RNAseq samples from TCGA were analyzed. HPV was detected in 111 samples (22%), most commonly Alphapapillomavirus 9 (90.1%). The presence of Alphapapillomavirus 9 was associated with improved OS [HR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.40–0.89, p = .01)]. Among other microbes, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was associated with the worst survival (HR = 3.88; p = .008), while Pseudomonas viridiflava had the best survival (HR = 0.05; p = .036). Microbial species found more abundant in HPV- tumors included several gram-negative anaerobes. HPV- tumors had a significantly higher abundance of M0 (p

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a heterogenous disease with a variable clinical course. While therapies for treatment of this condition have progressed, they are not without toxicity. In some patients, active surveillance (AS) of this disease is increasingly considered to delay its toxicity. This article seeks to review the literature and discuss management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, specifically regarding upfront AS, the role of radiation therapy in delaying systemic therapy, and surveillance after initial treatment with systemic therapy. Median time on AS prior to initiation of systemic therapy ranged from 14 to 60 months across studies. AS is appropriate to offer in favorable or intermediate risk, asymptomatic, and systemic treatment naïve patients with mRCC.

Abstract Coupling photosensitizers (PSs) with plasmonic nanoparticles increases the photocatalytic activity of PSs as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of plasmonic nanoparticles leads to extreme concentration of light in their vicinity known as the near‐field enhancement effect. To realize this in a colloidal phase, efficient conjugation of the PS molecules with the plasmonic nanoparticle surface is critical. In this work, we demonstrate the coupling of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the colloidal phase via click chemistry. This conjugated Pc‐AuNPs colloidal system is shown to enhance the photocatalytic singlet oxygen (1O2) production over non‐conjugated Pcs and hence improve the photoelectrochemical detection of phenols. The plasmonic enhancement of the 1O2 generation by Pcs was clearly elucidated by complementary experimental and computational classical electromagnetic models. The dependence of plasmonic enhancement on the spectral position of the excitation laser wavelength and the absorbance of the Pc molecules with respect to the wavelength specific near‐field enhancement is clearly demonstrated. A high ∼ 8 times enhancement is obtained with green laser (532 nm) at the LSPR due to the maximum near‐field enhancement at the resonance wavelength.

Background Persistent neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that affects the quality of life and functional abilities of individuals. Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) is a novel therapeutic approach that involves restricting blood flow to exercising muscles to enhance strength and function. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of BFRT on pressure pain threshold and hand function in adults with persistent neck pain. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the potential benefits of BFRT as a treatment intervention for this population. Methods This study will be a prospective 1:1 allocation, parallel group active controlled trail conducted at Physiotherapy Department, Galgotias University. The trial was prospectively registered with the Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2023/06/053439. Informed consent will be obtained from all the participants who are eligible to be included in the study. A total of 110 patients with persistent neck pain will be randomly allocated into two groups. The BFRT group will receive supervised training sessions three times a week for eight weeks, performing low-load resistance exercises with blood flow restriction applied using personalized cuff pressure. The control group will receive standard care for neck pain, which may include general advice, manual therapy, and/or home exercises without BFRT. The primary outcome measures will be the pressure pain threshold, assessed using a pressure Algometer, and hand function, evaluated using standardized tests such as Hand Grip Strength and Purdue Peg board Test. Results The data obtained will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, and the significance level will be set at p

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has challenged the conventional wisdom surrounding the radioresistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the past decade, there has been a significant accumulation of clinical data to support the safety and efficacy of SABR in RCC. Herein, we review the use of SABR across the spectrum of RCC. We performed an online search of the Pubmed database from January 1990 through April 2023. Studies of SABR/stereotactic radiosurgery targeting primary, extracranial, and intracranial metastatic RCC were included. For SABR in non-metastatic RCC, this includes its use in small renal masses, larger renal masses, and inferior vena cava tumor thrombi. In the metastatic setting, SABR can be used at diagnosis, for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease, and for symptomatic reasons. Notably, SABR can be used for both the primary renal tumor and metastasis-directed therapy. Management of RCC is evolving rapidly, and the role that SABR will have in this landscape is being assessed in a number of ongoing prospective clinical trials. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence corroborating the use of SABR in RCC.

Electronic gadget advancements have increased the demand for IoT-based smart homes as the number of connected devices grows rapidly. The most prevalent connected electronic devices are smart environments in houses, grids, structures, and metropolises. Smart grid technology advancements have enabled smart structures to cover every nanosecond of energy use. The problem with smart, intelligent operations is that they use a lot more energy than traditional ones. Because of the growing growth of smart cities and houses, there is an increasing demand for efficient resource management. Energy is a valuable resource with a high unit cost. Consequently, authors are endeavoring to decrease energy usage, specifically in smart urban areas, while simultaneously ensuring a consistent terrain. The objective of this study is to enhance energy efficiency in intelligent buildings for both homes and businesses. For the comfort indicator ("thermal, visual, and air quality"), three parameters are used: temperature, illumination, and CO2. A hybrid rule-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Fire Fly (FF) algorithm are used to read the sensor parameters and to operate the comfort indication, as well as optimize energy consumption, respectively. The anticipated user attributes contributed to the system's enhanced performance in terms of the ease of use of the smart system and its energy usage. When compared to traditional approaches in expressions of Multi View with 98.23%, convolutional neural network (CNN) with 99.17%, and traffic automatic vehicle (AV) with 98.14%, the activities of the contributed approach are negligibly commanding.

Statistical downscaling (SD) is preferable to dynamic downscaling to derive local-scale climate change information from large-scale datasets. Many statistical downscaling models are available these days, but comparison of their performance is still inadequately addressed for choosing a reliable SD model. Thus, it is desirable to compare the performance of SD models to ensure their adaptability in future climate studies. In this study, a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) or multi-linear regression and the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) were used to do downscaling and compare the results with those obtained from general circulation model (GCM) for identifying the best SD model for the Indira Sagar Canal Command area located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The GCM, Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3), was utilized to extract and downscale precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) for 1961–2001 and then for 2001–2099. Before future projections, both SD models were initially calibrated (1961–1990) and validated (1991–2001) to evaluate their performance for precipitation and temperature variables at all gauge stations, namely Barwani, East Nimar, and West Nimar. Results showed that the precipitation trend was under-predicted owing to large errors in downscaling, while temperature was over-predicted by SD models. HIGHLIGHTS Precipitation values are under-predicted, while temperature values are over-predicted by statistical downscaling models.; Large errors in downscaling precipitation are observed, since downscaling of precipitation is more problematic than temperature.; Statistical measures (R2, RMSE, SSE, NSE, and MAE) showed good agreement between observed and downscaled climate variables for SDSM and LS-SVM.;

Introduction: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is indicated for adult patients diagnosed with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Proton-based vertebral body sparing (VBS) CSI has been explored with pediatric patients to minimize hematologic toxicity; however, utilization of VBS in an adult population is limited. A recent phase II trial has shown efficacy of proton-based CSI to treat non-small cell lung and breast cancer with LMD. We hypothesize that VBS CSI using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) could also effectively reduce dose to vertebral bodies and surrounding organs at risk, minimizing toxicity for adult patients with LMD and comparing favorably to proton-based CSI. Methods and Materials: Consecutive patients with LMD received VMAT VBS CSI, 30 Gy in 10 fractions, as a part of a prospective registry. Full VMAT arcs for the brain fields matched to 2 spine isocenters for the upper and lower spine were created using limited posterior arcs. To further decrease the vertebral body dose, an avoid entry and exit contour was created. Acute toxicity data were collected using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5. Results: Ten adult patients were treated in this cohort. One patient experienced grade 2 neutropenia with the remaining 9 experiencing grade 1 hematologic toxicity. Three patients experienced grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity with the remaining 7 experiencing grade 1 nausea. No patient experienced grade 3+ toxicities in this cohort. One patient experienced a 5-day delay in systemic therapy initiation due to neutropenia; otherwise, all patients planned for systemic therapy started without delay. Conclusions: In this study, VMAT VBS CSI led to acceptable toxicity compared with patients treated with proton CSI on a phase 2 clinical trial. Given its promising early results, future prospective evaluation of the technique is warranted.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne, acute febrile illness caused by dengue viruses. The association between hematological malignancies and dengue infection is obscure, and the literature on this occurrence is also limited. We report two cases of acute leukaemia following dengue infection in a recent outbreak in Nepal. Our case reports suggest a possible association of acute leukaemia with dengue infection. The relationship should be explored further with observational studies.

BackgroundLow back pain stands as a prevalent contributor to pain-related disability on a global scale. In addressing chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is a growing emphasis on incorporating psychological strategies into the management process. Among these, pain education interventions strive to reshape pain beliefs and mitigate the perceived threat of pain. This randomized controlled trial sought to assess the effects of pain education on various aspects, including pain levels, disability, quality of life, self-efficacy, and prognostic characteristics in individuals grappling with CLBP.MethodsThe clinical trial, retrospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2021/08/035963), employed a two-arm parallel randomized design. Ninety-two participants with CLBP were randomly assigned to either the standard physiotherapy care with a pain education program or the control group. Both groups underwent a 6-week intervention. Assessment of pain intensity (using NPRS), disability (using RMDQ), self-efficacy (using the general self-efficacy scale), and well-being (using WHO 5I) occurred both before and after the 6-week study intervention.FindingsPost-intervention score comparisons between the groups revealed that the pain education intervention led to a significant reduction in disability compared to the usual standard care at 6 weeks (mean difference 8.2, p < 0.001, effect size Cohen d = 0.75), a decrease in pain intensity (mean difference 3.5, p < 0.001, effect size Cohen d = 0.82), and an improvement in the well-being index (mean difference 13.7, p < 0.001, effect size Cohen d = 0.58).ConclusionThe findings suggest that integrating a pain education program enhances the therapeutic benefits of standard physiotherapy care for individuals dealing with chronic LBP. In conclusion, the clinical benefits of pain education become apparent when delivered in conjunction with standard care physiotherapy during the management of chronic low back pain.

Abstract The urgency of finding therapeutic solutions for emerging and existing health challenges has never been more pronounced. In the pursuit of this goal, the value of a strategy that makes use of existing resources is being recognized: drug repurposing or repositioning of compounds for new indications. Such approaches are employed against cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, HIV/AIDS, and many other diseases. This Collection, aptly titled “Drug Repurposing”, includes research and perspectives from scientists at the forefront of this innovative field.

Abstract The protection of wireless sensor networks (WSN) against malware attacks is crucial. The paper discusses the issue of malware attacks in WSN, which are commonly used for monitoring and surveillance in various applications. Due to resource constraints, sensor nodes in WSN are vulnerable to malware attacks, which can spread rapidly and paralyze the network. The development of new technologies such as IoT, Industry 4.0 has increased the importance of WSN, and it has become essential to address the challenges posed by the resource‐constrained nature of sensor nodes and security concerns. In this paper, a model is considered with two exposed states to investigate the behaviour of malware spreading in WSN, and a SE1E2IR (Susceptible—Exposed State 1 ‐ Exposed State 2 ‐ Infectious—Recovered) model is proposed. The model is formulated as a system of differential equations, and its equilibrium and stability are examined. The basic reproduction number (R0) is also calculated as a key parameter that characterizes the spread of malware in the network. This parameter helps to identify the conditions under which the network will remain malware‐free or when it will experience an outbreak of malware. The proposed model provides a mechanism for the earlier detection of malware occurrences in WSN, and also discusses the effect of connectivity and coverages on the propagation of malware in the network. The paper also includes a comparative study of the proposed model with existing models; extensive theoretical study and computation analysis are performed to validate the proposed model.

Background & Aims: Road traffic accidents and high-energy injuries are the leading cause of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. The management of tibial fractures remains controversial despite advances in non-operative and operative care. Plates and intramedullary nails are well-accepted and effective methods, but each has been historically related to complications. The present study compared the results of displaced extra-articular distal metaphyseal tibia fractures. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of orthopedics at R. G. Kar medical college and hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India on 27 Locking Plate the 27 Multidirectional Plate patients attending orthopedics and emergency room with a tibia fracture from January 2019 to August 2020. All patients with extra-articular distal tibial fracture without distal neurovascular deficit, closed injury, or Gustillo Anderson type 1 were included. Post-operatively, X-rays were taken of the surgical site, and a series of X-rays were taken at 4, 16, 24, and 36 weeks’ intervals. SPSS v.27 and GraphPad Prism v.5 along with statistical tests were used. P values below 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In Locking Plate, 8(29.6%) patients were 21-30 years old, 10(37.0%) patients were 31-40 years old, and 9(33.3%) patients were 41-50 years old. In Multidirectional Nail, 6(22.2%) patients were 21-30 years old, 11(40.7%) patients were 31-40 years old, and 10(37.0%) patients were 41-50 years old. The Association of age with group was not statistically significant (p=0.8245). In Locking Plate, 11(40.7%) patients were female, and 16(59.3%) were male. In Multidirectional Nail, 10(37.0%) patients were female, and 17(63.0%) patients were male. The Association of sex with group was also not statistically significant (p=0.7801). Conclusion: We found that Fair outcome was more in Multidirectional Nails compared to Locking Plate for the AAOS Lower limb questionnaire at four weeks, which was not statistically significant. It was found that the excellent outcome was more in Multidirectional Nails compared to Locking Plate for the AAOS Lower limb questionnaire at five weeks, which was not statistically significant.

Background: Pediatric patients with metastatic and/or recurrent solid tumors have poor survival outcomes despite standard-of-care systemic therapy. Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) may improve tumor control. We report the outcomes with the use of SABR in our pediatric solid tumor population. Methods: This was a single-institutional study in patients < 30 years treated with SABR. The primary endpoint was local control (LC), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimates in R v4.2.3. Results: In total, 48 patients receiving 135 SABR courses were included. The median age was 15.6 years (interquartile range, IQR 14–23 y) and the median follow-up was 18.1 months (IQR: 7.7–29.1). The median SABR dose was 30 Gy (IQR 25–35 Gy). The most common primary histologies were Ewing sarcoma (25%), rhabdomyosarcoma (17%), osteosarcoma (13%), and central nervous system (CNS) gliomas (13%). Furthermore, 57% of patients had oligometastatic disease (≤5 lesions) at the time of SABR. The one-year LC, PFS, and OS rates were 94%, 22%, and 70%, respectively. No grade 4 or higher toxicities were observed, while the rates of any grade 1, 2, and 3 toxicities were 11.8%, 3.7%, and 4.4%, respectively. Patients with oligometastatic disease, lung, or brain metastases and those who underwent surgery for a metastatic site had a significantly longer PFS. LC at 1-year was significantly higher for patients with a sarcoma histology (95.7% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.01) and for those who received a biological equivalent dose (BED10) > 48 Gy (100% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.001). Conclusions: SABR is well tolerated in pediatric patients with 1-year local failure and OS rates of

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article explores migrant children’s lives and emerging solidarities in the selected neighbourhood (a squatter-slum) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown. Children’s lives within the family, as community member and mutual relationship in the moments of risk and resilience are explored. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Belonging to marginalised group, for children and their families, the COVID-19 lockdown period added multiple layers of disadvantage. Children’s lives are explored with ethnographic fieldwork (as part of the broader study initiated in 2017) and during the lockdown period (early 2020) with telephonic interviews. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article establishes migrant children’s contribution who despite being doubly disadvantaged in an adult centric society, actively shape and co-build the social spaces. Drawing upon Walby’s work on crisis; the New Sociology of Childhood, children are reinstated as collaborators, presenting the adaptation strategies of children to sustain and cope during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH RESULTS: Risk and resilience have become normalised part of the lived reality of migrant children’s lives. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic the risks got elevated and with it the adaptive coping strategies at the level of family and neighbourhood emerged that helped in mitigating the risks to some extent. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The article demonstrates migrant children as collaborators and recommends (i) considering children’s voices and participation while framing policies, programmes, and schemes, and (ii) to view children as expert of their lives, active members, reiterating recognition of their role at various fronts.

In the field of photocatalysis, the fabrication of black titania is a booming topic, as it offers a system with improved solar light harvesting properties and increased overall efficiency. The darkening of white TiO2 powders can be ascribed to surface hydroxylation, oxygen vacancies, Ti3+ centres, or a combination thereof. A handful of studies suggests these defects can be conveniently introduced by acoustic cavitation, generated during sonochemical treatment of pristine TiO2 powders. In reproducing these studies, P25 TiO2 samples were ultrasonicated for various hours with a power density of 8000 W/L, resulting in powders that indeed became gradually darker with increasing sonication time. However, HAADF–STEM revealed that extensive erosion of the sonotrode tip took place and contaminated the samples, which appeared to be the primary reason for the observed colour change. This was confirmed by UV–Vis DRS and DRIFTS, that showed no significant alteration of the catalyst surface after sonication. EPR measurements showed that only an insignificant fraction of Ti3+ centres were produced, far less than in a TiO2 sample that was chemically reduced with NaBH4. No evidence of the presence oxygen vacancies could be found. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of ultrasonicated materials reported in literature can therefore not be ascribed to the synthesis of actual black (defected) TiO2, but rather to specific changes in morphology as a result of acoustic cavitation. Also, this study underlines the importance of considering probe erosion in sonochemical catalyst synthesis, which is an unavoidable side effect that can have an important impact on the catalyst appearance, properties and performance.

Key Clinical Message Timely prenatal diagnosis, regular checkups, and comprehensive counseling are vital in preventing and managing complications in high‐risk pregnancies like partial molar pregnancy with hydrops fetalis. Abstract A live singleton fetus with partial molar pregnancy is a rare condition. We report a case of partial mole with hydrops fetalis causing intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in the third trimester. Our case involves a 20‐year primigravid without prior antenatal checkups who presented to outpatient department at 31 weeks and 5 days of gestation with lower abdominal pain, backache, vaginal spotting, and decreased fetal movement. Ultrasound revealed partial mole, hydrops fetalis, and IUFD. The patient underwent induced delivery expelling a 1900 gm female fetus with no viability and a placenta containing 650 gm of molar tissue. Placental tissue with cystic component was confirmed as molar tissue by histopathological examination. She was discharged a few days afterward and had undetectable beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels after a month. Prenatal diagnosis, counseling, rigorous antepartum surveillance, and appropriate postpartum follow‐up are essential for the best possible mother and fetal outcomes.

Abstract Regulation of cell division is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, and in plants, this is in part regulated by the D-type cyclins (CYCD) and cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) complex. Cell division regulation in Physcomitrium differs from other plants, by having cell division checks at both the G1 to S and G2 to M transition, controlled by the CYCD1/CDKA2 and CYCD2/CDKA1 complexes, respectively. This led us to hypothesize that upregulation of cell division could be archived in Bryophytes, without the devastating phenotypes observed in Arabidopsis. Overexpressing lines of PpCYCD1, PpCYCD2, PpCDKA1, or PpCDKA2 under Ubiquitin promotor control provided transcriptomic and phenotypical data that confirmed their involvement in the G1 to S or G2 to M transition control. Interestingly, combinatorial overexpression of all four genes produced plants with dominant PpCDKA2 and PpCYCD1 phenotypes and led to plants with twice as large gametophores. No detrimental phenotypes were observed in this line and two of the major carbon sinks in plants, the cell wall and starch, were unaffected by the increased growth rate. These results show that the cell cycle characteristics of P. patens can be manipulated by the ectopic expression of cell cycle regulators.

Aim and Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of individuals residing in the rural part of Bihar toward COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from September 10, 2020, to September 29, 2020, with the help of a prevalidated questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to individuals living in the different rural parts of the Patna district in Bihar. People from the age group of 16 years and above were included in the study. Health-care workers, Anganwadi workers, and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 385 study participants, 58.7% were males. The majority of the respondents belonged to the age group of 26–35 years (39.2%). 64.9% of the study participants were working in the private sector, and 5.5% were unemployed. The majority of the participants (98.44%) agreed regarding the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and had adequate knowledge about symptoms of COVID-19. The female knowledge score was slightly more than males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.5). Furthermore, 97.4% of the study participants were aware that there is no specific cure for the disease. Higher income was associated with higher knowledge, attitude, and practice. Conclusion: The participants had significant knowledge about COVID-19 and acceptable practices toward its protective measures. However, there was continuing movement of participants to meet relatives and friends.

Introduction: Corbevax was introduced by the Government of India in March 2022 for the vaccination of children between 12 and 14 years, however, there is a dearth of literature providing side effect profiles of Corbevax in the real-world/community. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the incidence and types of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of Corbevax vaccine. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 358 children between 12 and 14 years of age who had received Corbevax vaccine at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra from March 16 to May 31, 2022. The participants were followed-up telephonically for side effects at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days following the first dose and second doses of vaccinations. Results: Out of 358 children of age 12–14 years who received Corbevax vaccine, almost 80% of vaccines developed mild AEFI. Overall, reactogenicity was higher after the second dose and the most common AEFI was pain in the abdomen, followed by headache and pain at the site of injection. Occurrence of AEFI after the first dose (odds ratio: 158.87, 95% confidence interval 46.58–528.28, P < 0.005) was found to be a risk factor for the development of AEFI after the second dose. Conclusion: Corbevax was introduced in India for children between 12 and 14 years, but to the best of our knowledge, till date, there is no study specifically focused of AEFI due to Corbevax in the community setting. The study findings indicate that Corbevax is a safe vaccine with few mild side effects, thus reinforcing faith in the safety profile of the vaccine.

Background: The standard treatment for patients with large brain metastases and limited intracranial disease is surgical resection and post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, post-operative SRS still has elevated rates of local failure (LF) and is complicated by radiation necrosis (RN), and meningeal disease (MD). Pre-operative SRS may reduce the risk of RN and MD, while fractionated therapy may improve local control through delivering a higher biological effective dose. We hypothesize that pre-operative fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) will have less toxicity compared to patients who receive post-operative SRS or FSRT. Methods: A multi-institutional analysis was conducted and included patients who had surgical resection and stereotactic radiation therapy to treat at least one brain metastasis. Pertinent demographic, clinical, radiation, surgical, and follow up data were collected for each patient. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint defined as patients with one of the following adverse events: 1) LF, 2) MD, and/or 3) Grade 2 or higher (symptomatic) RN. Results: 279 patients were eligible for analysis. The median follow-up time was 9 months. 87 % of patients received fractionated treatment. 29 % of patients received pre-operative treatment. The composite endpoint incidences for post-operative SRS (n = 10), post-operative FSRT (n = 189), pre-operative SRS (n = 27), and pre-operative FSRT (n = 53) were 0 %, 17 %, 15 %, and 7.5 %, respectively. Conclusions: In our study, the composite endpoint of 7.5% for pre-operative FSRT compares favorably to our post-operative FSRT rate of 17%. Pre-operative FSRT was observed to have low rates of LF, MD, and RN. Prospective validation is needed.

Objectives: Patients with recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) have limited treatment options. ‘QuadShot’ (QS), a hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy regimen, can provide symptomatic relief and local control and may potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We compared outcomes of QS ± concurrent ICIs in the palliative treatment of HNC. Materials and Methods: We identified patients who received ≥three cycles of QS from 2017 to 2022 and excluded patients without post-treatment clinical evaluation or imaging. Outcomes for patients who received QS alone were compared to those treated with ICI concurrent with QS, defined as receipt of ICI within 4 weeks of QS. Results: Seventy patients were included, of whom 57% received concurrent ICI. Median age was 65.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 57.9–77.8), and 50% patients had received prior radiation to a median dose of 66 Gy (IQR: 60–70). Median follow-up was 8.8 months. Local control was significantly higher with concurrent ICIs (12-month: 85% vs. 63%, p = 0.038). Distant control (12-month: 56% vs. 63%, p = 0.629) and median overall survival (9.0 vs. 10.0 months, p = 0.850) were similar between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, concurrent ICI was a significant predictor of local control (HR for local failure: 0.238; 95% CI: 0.073–0.778; p = 0.018). Overall, 23% patients experienced grade 3 toxicities, which was similar between the two groups. Conclusions: The combination of QS with concurrent ICIs was well tolerated and significantly improved local control compared to QS alone. The median OS of 9.4 months compares favorably to historical controls for patients with HNC treated with QS. This approach represents a promising treatment option for patients with HNC unsuited for curative-intent treatment and warrants prospective evaluation.

The effectiveness of existing and potential best management practices (BMPs) to cropped lands in the Jeannette Creek watershed (Thames River basin, Ontario, Canada) in reducing P loads at its pumped outlets was assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Existing BMPs consisted of banded, incorporated, and variable phosphorus (P)-rate application, conservation tillage, cover crops, and vegetative buffer strips. Potential BMPs consisted of banded P application, no-till, and a cover crop following winter wheat. Two separately delineated sub-watersheds, J1 and J2, characterized by a flat topography and distinct pumped outlets, were selected for analysis. Despite challenges in delineation, the SWAT model was successfully set up to assess the impact of BMPs in reducing P loads in these sub-watersheds. Each BMP was systematically removed, and the resulting simulated P loads were compared with the baseline scenario. Compared to cover crops or vegetative buffer strips, the implementation of conservation tillage and no-till, along with altering the mode of P application, offered superior effectiveness in reducing the P load. On average, the annual reduction in total P (Ptot) loads under existing BMPs was 9.2% in J1 and 11.3% in J2, whereas, under potential BMPs, this reduction exceeded 60% in both watersheds.

A multi-component category of an alloy containing very specific properties revolutionized the area of material science and the present engineering era. Laser cladding, a technique for surface coating, enhances surface quality and modifies properties using advanced coating technologies. In current trends, Laser cladding is mainly used in equipment and machine parts for enhancing surface properties, repairing damaged parts and surface coating caused by its advantages such as small heat-affected zone, low substrate damage, low dilution rate and exceptional metallurgical material bonding among coating and used substrate. Laser cladding improves substrates’ mechanical and various functional-specific properties, ensuring a high-quality balance between mechanical and surface attributes. The research society was able to investigate laser-cladding HEAs coatings because of the superior attributes of HEAs compared to ordinary alloys. This paper reviews current developments in laser-cladding HEAs coatings and the application of laser-cladding technology to HEAs materials. The laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings have potential applications in corrosion, wear, and oxidation resistance, as well as their respective substrates. Cladded coatings composed of HEAs materials are measured to have shown potential applications in recent technology, opening exciting possibilities for the future. The study also discusses current trends and future prospects.

The donor-acceptor interaction of a charge-coupled heterostructure encompassing a metal and an amorphous semiconductor subjected to a laser field has many potential applications in the realm of nonlinear optics. In this work, we fabricate an electron donor gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and acceptor amorphous Ge24Se76 heterostructure on a quartz substrate using a sequential thermal evaporation technique. In this charge coupled heterostructure, we demonstrate the ultrafast third-order nonlinear absorptive and refractive response, and their sign reversal compared to pristine Ge24Se76. Enhanced optical nonlinearity in these heterostructures of varying plasmonic wavelengths is due to charge transfer, verified by the Raman spectroscopy. Further, the ultrafast transient absorption measurements support the thesis of charge transfer in the AuNP/Ge24Se76 heterostructure. These findings open up exciting opportunities for developing novel device technologies with far-reaching applications in nonlinear optics.

Key Clinical Message It is important for pregnant and breastfeeding women who adhere to a strict vegetarian diet to take appropriate steps to avoid vitamin B12 deficiency in their infants. Abstract Vitamin B12 deficiency is rare during infancy. The initial symptoms of this deficiency are subtle and may include irritability, failure to thrive with a decline in growth rate, apathy, anorexia, refusal of solid foods, megaloblastic anemia, and developmental regression. The case presented here involves an 8‐month‐old male infant who showed neurological symptoms such as decreased activity, increased drowsiness, and reduced interaction with parents, which were ultimately linked to a deficiency of cobalamin (vitamin B12). Early recognition of this condition is critical because it is reversible. Therefore, pregnant and lactating women who follow a strict vegetarian diet should take necessary measures to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency in infants.

Abstract Supriya Mallick Introduction Malignant gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and are typically treated with maximal safe surgical resection followed by chemoradiation. One of the unintended effects of radiation is depletion of circulating lymphocyte pool, which has been correlated with inferior overall survival outcomes. Methods A comprehensive and systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Embase databases were done to assess the studies that have reported radiation-related lymphopenia in high-grade gliomas. Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (OR), and mean differences were represented with Forest plots comparing patients with severe lymphopenia and no severe lymphopenia. Review Manager Version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for the analysis. Results Nineteen studies were included in the final systematic review and 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of developing severe lymphopenia were 0.39 (95% CI:0.19, 0.81, I 2 = 94%, p = 0.01). Patients with severe lymphopenia were at increased risk of death with a pooled HR = 2.19 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.83, I 2 = 0%, p

Abstract While the behaviour of plasmonic solid thin films in the Kretschmann (also known as Attenuated Total Reflection, ATR) configuration is well-understood, the use of discrete nanoparticle arrays in this optical configuration is not thoroughly explored. It is important to do so, since close packed plasmonic nanoparticle arrays exhibit exceptionally strong light-matter interactions by plasmonic coupling. The present work elucidates the optical properties of plasmonic Au and Ag nanoparticle arrays in both the direct normal incidence and Kretschmann configuration by numerical models, that are validated experimentally. First, hexagonal close packed Au and Ag nanoparticle films/arrays are obtained by air–liquid interfacial assembly. The numerical models for the rigorous solution of the Maxwell’s equations are validated using experimental optical spectra of these films before systematically investigating various parameters. The individual far-field/near-field optical properties, as well as the plasmon relaxation mechanism of the nanoparticles, vary strongly as the packing density of the array increases. In the Kretschmann configuration, the evanescent fields arising from p- and s-polarized (or TM and TE polarized) incidence have different directional components. The local evanescent field intensity and direction depends on the polarization, angle of incidence and the wavelength of incidence. These factors in the Kretschmann configuration give rise to interesting far-field as well as near-field optical properties. Overall, it is shown that plasmonic nanoparticle arrays in the Kretschmann configuration facilitate strong broadband absorptance without transmission losses, and strong near-field enhancement. The results reported herein elucidate the optical properties of self-assembled nanoparticle films, pinpointing the ideal conditions under which the normal and the Kretschmann configuration can be exploited in multiple light-driven applications.

Abstract The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 has been recognized as an attractive drug target because of its central role in viral replication. Our previous preliminary molecular docking studies showed that theaflavin 3-gallate (a natural bioactive molecule derived from theaflavin and found in high abundance in black tea) exhibited better docking scores than repurposed drugs (Atazanavir, Darunavir, Lopinavir). In this study, conventional and steered MD-simulations analyses revealed stronger interactions of theaflavin 3-gallate with the active site residues of Mpro than theaflavin and a standard molecule GC373 (a known inhibitor of Mpro and novel broad-spectrum anti-viral agent). Theaflavin 3-gallate inhibited Mpro protein of SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 value of 18.48 ± 1.29 μM. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (Indian/a3i clade/2020 isolate) with 200 μM of theaflavin 3-gallate in vitro using Vero cells and quantifying viral transcripts demonstrated reduction of viral count by 75% (viral particles reduced from Log106.7 to Log106.1). Overall, our findings suggest that theaflavin 3-gallate effectively targets the Mpro thus limiting the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro.

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 led to the research aiming to find the inhibitors of this virus. Towards this world problem, an attempt was made to identify SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitory peptides from ricin domains. The ricin-based peptide from barley (BRIP) was able to inhibit Mpro in vitro with an IC50 of 0.52 nM. Its low and no cytotoxicity upto 50 µM suggested its therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. The most favorable binding site on Mpro was identified by molecular docking and steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The Mpro-BRIP interactions were further investigated by evaluating the trajectories for microsecond timescale MD simulations. The structural parameters of Mpro-BRIP complex were stable, and the presence of oppositely charged surfaces on the binding interface of BRIP and Mpro complex further contributed to the overall stability of the protein-peptide complex. Among the components of thermodynamic binding free energy, Van der Waals and electrostatic contributions were most favorable for complex formation. Our findings provide novel insight into the area of inhibitor development against COVID-19.

The rise in internet usage and advanced communication systems has led to an increase in security issues. The need for more robust and flexible secure communication has led to the introduction of mobile non-network multicast communication systems like MANET or VANET. Multicasting is increasingly being used for group-oriented applications such as video conferencing, interactive games, TV over Internet, e-learning, etc. To address the security concerns, this paper highlighted the confidentiality, authentication, and access control for non-network multicast communication systems like MANET or VANET. For this, paper explores the group key management protocols. The paper concluded that centralized and asymmetric group key management protocol (GKMP) is most effective for designing secure, and efficient communication models for non-networks. The key findings of the paper are that in group key management protocols (GKMPs) for multicast communication systems adoption of asymmetric GKMPs provides better security, and reduces computational overhead. Therefore, this paper help to improve the robustness and security of multicast communication systems and meet the growing demands of group-oriented applications over the internet.

Non-point source pollution poses a continuous threat to the quality of Great Lakes waters. To abate this problem, the Great Lakes Agricultural Stewardship Initiative (GLASI) was initiated in Ontario, Canada, with the primary aim of reducing phosphorus pollution. Therefore, a case-study analysis of the Wigle Creek watershed, one of the six priority watersheds under the GLASI program, was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of various existing and potential future Best Management Practices (BMPs) and to identify BMPs that might aid in mitigating the watershed’s contribution to phosphorus loads reaching Lake Erie. Given the watershed’s very flat topography, hydrological/nutrient modeling proved an extremely challenging exercise. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used in this evaluation. Several digital elevation model (DEM) options were considered to accurately describe the watershed and represent flow conditions. A 30 m resolution DEM, implementing a modified burning in of streams based on ground truthing, was finally employed to develop the SWAT model’s drainage framework. The model was first calibrated for flow, sediment, and phosphorus loads. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the ability of potential BMPs (minimum tillage, no-till, retiring croplands into pasture, retiring croplands into forest, winter wheat cover crop, and vegetative filter strips) to reduce phosphorus loads compared to implemented practice. Converting all croplands into pasture or forest significantly decreased P loads reaching Lake Erie. Comparatively, a winter wheat cover crop had minimal effect on reducing phosphorus loading.

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastases (BM). Despite increasing incidence of BM in older women, there are limited data on the optimal management of BM in this age group. In this study, we assessed the survival outcomes and treatment patterns of older breast cancer patients ≥65 years old with BM compared to younger patients at our institution. Methods: An IRB-approved single-institutional retrospective review of biopsy-proven breast cancer patients with BM treated with 1- to 5-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy (SRS) from 2015 to 2020 was performed. Primary endpoint was intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) defined as the time interval between the end of SRS to the date of the first CNS progression. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) from the end of SRS and radiation treatment patterns. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression method were used for survival analyses. Results: A total of 112 metastatic breast cancer patients with BMs were included of which 24 were ≥65 years old and 88 were p = 0.036), while younger patients were more frequently triple negative (32% vs. 12%, p = 0.074) and HER2 positive (42% vs. 29%, p = 0.3). Treatment-related adverse events were similar in both groups. Overall, 14.3% patients had any grade radiation necrosis (RN) (older vs. young: 8.3% vs. 16%, p = 0.5) while 5.4% had grade 3 or higher RN (0% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.7). Median OS after RT was poorer in older patients compared to younger patients (9.5 months vs. 14.5 months, p = 0.037), while intracranial PFS from RT was similar between the two groups (9.7 months vs. 7.1 months, p = 0.580). On univariate analysis, significant predictors of OS were age ≥65 years old (hazard risk, HR = 1.70, p = 0.048), KPS ≤ 80 (HR = 2.24, p < 0.001), HER2 positive disease (HR = 0.46, p < 0.001), isolated CNS metastatic disease (HR = 0.29, p < 0.001), number of brain metastases treated with RT (HR = 1.06, p = 0.028), and fractionated SRS (HR = 0.53, p = 0.013). On multivariable analysis, KPS ≤ 80, HER2 negativity and higher number of brain metastases predicted for poorer survival, while age was not a significant factor for OS after adjusting for other variables. Patients who received systemic therapy after SRS had a significantly improved OS on univariate and multivariable analysis (HR = 0.32, p < 0.001). Number of brain metastases treated was the only factor predictive of worse PFS (HR = 1.06, p = 0.041), which implies a 6% additive risk of progression for every additional metastasis treated. Conclusions: Although older women had poorer OS than younger women, OS was similar after adjusting for KPS, extracranial progression, and systemic therapy; and there was no difference in rates of intracranial PFS, neurological deaths, and LMD in the different age groups. This study suggests that age alone may not play an independent role in treatment-selection and that outcomes for breast cancer patients with BMs and personalized decision-making including other clinical factors should be considered. Future studies are warranted to assess neurocognitive outcomes and other radiation treatment toxicities in older patients.

The type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is a pivotal kinase for hematopoietic progenitor cell regulation, with significant implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through mutations like internal tandem duplication (ITD). This study delves into the structural intricacies of FLT3, the roles of activation loop mutants, and their interaction with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Coupled with this, the research leverages molecular contrastive learning and protein language modeling to examine interactions between small molecule inhibitors and FLT3 activation loop mutants. Utilizing the ConPLex platform, over 5.7 million unique FLT3 activation loop mutants—small molecule pairs were analyzed. The binding free energies of three inhibitors were assessed, and cellular apoptotic responses were evaluated under drug treatments. Notably, the introduction of the Xepto50 scoring system provides a nuanced metric for drug efficacy. The findings underscore the modulation of molecular interactions and cellular responses by Y842 mutations in FLT3-KD, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic approaches in FLT3-ITD-related malignancies.

Trialeurodes vaporariorum, commonly known as the greenhouse whitefly, severely infests important crops and serves as a vector for apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). This vector-mediated transmission may cause the spread of infection to other herbaceous crops. For effective management of ASSVd, it is important to explore the whitefly’s proteins, which interact with ASSVd RNA and are thereby involved in its transmission. In this study, it was found that a small heat shock protein (sHsp) from T. vaporariorum, which is expressed under stress, binds to ASSVd RNA. The sHsp gene is 606 bp in length and encodes for 202 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 22.98 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.95. Intermolecular interaction was confirmed through in silico analysis, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and northwestern assays. The sHsp22.98 protein was found to exist in both monomeric and dimeric forms, and both forms showed strong binding to ASSVd RNA. To investigate the role of sHsp22.98 during ASSVd infection, transient silencing of sHsp22.98 was conducted, using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing system. The sHsp22.98-silenced whiteflies showed an approximate 50% decrease in ASSVd transmission. These results suggest that sHsp22.98 from T. vaporariorum is associated with viroid RNA and plays a significant role in transmission.

The DC-Link capacitor is defined as the essential electronics element which sources or sinks the respective currents. The reliability of DC-link capacitor-banks (CBs) encounters many challenges due to their usage in electric vehicles. Heavy shocks may damage the internal capacitors without shutting down the CB. The fundamental development obstacles of CBs are: lack of considering capacitor degradation in reliability assessment, the impact of unforeseen sudden internal capacitor faults in forecasting CB lifetime, and the faults consequence on CB degradation. The sudden faults change the CB capacitance, which leads to reliability change. To more accurately estimate the reliability, the type of the fault needs to be detected for predicting the correct post-fault capacitance. To address these practical problems, a new CB model and reliability assessment formula covering all fault types are first presented, then, a new analog fault-detection method is presented, and a combination of online-learning long short-term memory (LSTM) and fault-detection method is subsequently performed, which adapt the sudden internal CB faults with the LSTM to correctly predict the CB degradation. To confirm the correct LSTM operation, four capacitors degradation is practically recorded for 2000-hours, and the off-line faultless degradation values predicted by the LSTM are compared with the actual data. The experimental findings validate the applicability of the proposed method. The codes and data are provided.

Optical sensors with distinct colorimetric output upon binding with fluoride offer a convenient, fast and reliable methodology for its on-site detection. Most of such sensors lose their affinity towards fluoride in aqueous medium, limiting their applicability in real time analysis. In this report, we have been successful in selective, ratiometric and naked eye sensing of F− ion in aqueous medium by a pyrrole-benzimidazole conjugate based receptor R, in presence of Ni2+ salt. It is noteworthy that the receptor R interacts with neither F− nor Ni2+ ions alone in aqueous medium. As studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and EPR analysis, the sensing mechanism involves F− induced deprotonation of the receptor R, followed by the formation of an in-situ Ni(II) complex, [Ni(II)R2]2−. This complex is responsible for the colorimetric change from dark yellow to tangerine orange. The structure of the complex is further elucidated by DFT calculations. The limit of detection (LOD) is found to be 0.98 ppm.

Introduction: Appropriate feeding practices play a crucial role in achieving optimal health outcome. Feeding practices since birth at least up to young infancy has vital physical and mental health-related implications. Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) has an important role in prevention of diarrhoea and other leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. In this background, this study was conducted with the following objectives. Objectives: To assess the birth history of child and their feeding history, to find out the various socio-demographic profile of the mothers, to assess the knowledge on EBF and to find out the factors associated (if any) with the practice of EBF. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months, who were attending the immunisation clinic in a medical college in Kolkata. As per NFHS-4, 47.7% of the children were breast fed within 1 hour of birth in Kolkata. This value is considered to calculate sample size. With 95% confidence interval, 10% allowable absolute error and 5% non-respondent, final sample size came to be 101. Data was collected by interviewing the mothers, using a semi-structured, pre-designed and pre-tested oral schedule which was mainly based on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices mentioned by the World Health Organization. Data was collected from 6 January 2020 to 21 February 2020. Results: In this study, male was 45 (44.6%), female was 56 (55.4%). Majority (75.2%) belonged to urban area. About 18.8% of mothers were educated up to secondary level. 53.5% were delivered in private facility and 55.4% delivered by caesarean section. Only 32.7% of new-borns were initiated breast feeding within 1 hour and 31.7% of new-borns given pre lacteal feeding. Majority (88.1%) of the children received colostrum and 52.5% of the children were given EBF. Majority (63.4%) of mothers had knowledge about EBF. EBF was significantly associated with mothers' knowledge about EBF, [OR (95%CI) = 5.52 (2.26-13.51). EBF also had significant association with the normal vaginal type of delivery of the baby [OR (95%CI) = 3.42 (1.49-7.83)] as well as with the mother who were homemaker [OR (95%CI) = 4.29 (1.52-12.09)]. Conclusion: Considerable proportion of children were born at private facility and delivered by caesarean section. A significant percentage of new-borns were given pre-lacteal feeding. EBF were significantly more among educated mothers.

Background and aim: A novel coronavirus, called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been found to cause COVID-19 in humans and some other mammals. The nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a significant part in the replication of viruses and suppresses the ability of innate immune system to detect the virus. Therefore, inhibiting NSP16 can be a secure path towards identifying a potent medication against SARS-CoV-2. Tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenols have been reported to exhibit potential treatment options against various viral diseases. Methods: We conducted molecular docking and structural dynamics studies with a set of 65 Tea bioactive compounds to illustrate their ability to inhibit NSP16 of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, post-simulations end state thermodynamic free energy calculations were estimated to strengthen our results. Results and conclusion: Six bioactive tea molecules showed better docking scores than the standard molecule sinefungin. These results were further validated by MD simulations, where Theaflavin compound demonstrated lower binding free energy in comparison to the standard molecule sinefungin. The compound theaflavin could be considered as a novel lead compound for further evaluation by in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

Background: The photon dose calculation model anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) available with eclipse integrated treatment planning system (TPS) (Varian) supports telecobalt dose calculation from Version 13.6 onward. Formerly, pencil beam convolution (PBC) was used for modeling telecobalt machines. Eclipse TPS no longer supports PBC dose calculation algorithm in v13.6 and above. The AAA dose calculation model is a three-dimensional PBC/superposition algorithm. Its configuration is based on Monte-Carlo-determined basic physical parameters that are tailored to measured clinical beam data. Aim: The study investigated the feasibility of clinical implementation of AAA in Eclipse TPS for Bhabhatron II. Materials and Methods: The indigenous telecobalt machine, Bhabhatron II, was configured as a generic machine because an inbuilt machine model for the same was not available in Varian Eclipse TPS algorithm library. In such a scenario, it was necessary to evaluate and validate dosimetric parameters of the TPS because improper tailoring would cause errors in dose calculations. Beam data measurements of the machine were carried out which were used for configuration of the algorithm. Result: After successful configuration, a variety of plans created in TPS were executed on the machine and subsequently evaluated. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that AAA-based dose calculation in TPS is very well suited for accurate dose calculations for telecobalt machine and can be implemented for clinical use.