Search

Stunting is a growing problem caused by chronic inadequacy of nutrition intake and chronic inflammation, mainly during the first 1000 days of life. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of stunting in terms of non-exclusive breastfeeding, infectious diseases, and sanitation in Pujon subdistrict, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study with the case-control design carried out in 10th - 21st March 2020 in Pujon subdistrict, Malang district, East Java. This study involved 76 pairs of mothers and children age 24 - 59 months (39 cases and 37 control samples). Data were collected by questionnaire, while the statistical analysis used Chi-square test followed by the analysis of odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. The results show that the risk factors for stunting in toddlers due to a non-exclusive history of breastfeeding (OR = 2.995), history of infectious diseases such as fever (OR = 3.059), Acute Respiratory Infection (OR = 4.452), diarrhea (OR = 7.083), and waste disposal facilities (OR = 4.000) sewage water disposal facilities (OR = 5.739). It can be concluded that non-exclusive breastfeeding, infection disease, and sanitation such as waste and sewage water disposal facilities are risk factors for stunting children aged 24 - 59 months in Pujon subdistrict, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting is known as impaired growth and development due to malnutrition, chronic inflammation, and psychosocial stimulation. Malnutrition may cause by inadequate intake, poor quality intake, or a combination of both. An in vivo study on inadequate protein levels shows stunting, decreased muscle mass, weight loss, suppressed immune function, and growth hormone. This study aims to analyze the differences in protein intake levels in the stunted and non-stunted toddlers in subdistrict Pujon, Malang. The design of this research was an observational analytic case-control study. The population were toddlers in Pujon Malang, 24 - 59 months (5 years) whose parents were willing to sign an informed consent to be respondent. Measurement of height/age was classified as stunted if the z-score -3 SD (standard deviation) until < -2 SD for case group and z-score -2 SD until 2 SD for control group that consist of 37 toddlers stunted and 37 toddler non-stunted. Protein intake was obtained from the food recall 1 × 24 hours method, while height variables were obtained from measurement. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results show that a higher protein intake of 75.7% in non-stunted toddlers are observed than stunted toddlers by 51.4%, with a significant difference. Stunted toddlers aged 24 - 59 months in subdistrict Pujon, Malang, had protein intake lower than the non-stunted toddler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]