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We present InP as the incumbent technology for data center transceiver and switching optics. We review the most popular InP monolithic integration approaches in light of photonic integration being recognized as an increasingly important technology for data center optics. We present Multi-Guide Vertical Integration by OneChip Photonics as an example of a low-cost InP integration platform, showcased for 100GE transceiver optics, and we also review optical switching technology and present highly integrated InP optical switches developed at the COBRA Research Institute. We compare InP to the competing Si photonics technology, where we argue that Si photonics is a cost-competitive technology, but only for very large volumes, which are not yet representative of the data center market of today and in the near future. We conclude by pinpointing the future trends for the optics in data centers, including the increased level of optics/electronics integration, the increased use of spin-coated polymer devices, and novel heterogeneous integration by flip-chip bonding of separately fabricated InP and Si chips, as an alternative to the more challenging, full monolithic InP integration.

16th Congress of the European-Federation-of-Neurological-Societies (EFNS), Sep 08-11, 2012, Stockholm, Sweden

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by the presence of a t(14; 18) chromosomal translocation that results in overexpression of bcl-2 protein. Bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement is detected in 80-90% of follicular lymphomas in Western countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the bcl-2/IgH rearrangement in FL lymphoma patients in Serbia, by PCR technique, correlate molecular findings with clinical characteristics and outcome and assess the prognostic significance of these rearrangements. One hundred-seven patients (median age, 54 years; male/female ratio:60/47) diagnosed with FL were included in the study. DNA samples were obtained from paraffin embedded lymphoid tissue of patients. Bcl-2/IgH rearrangement was assessed for the major breakpoint region (MBR), 5MBR and the minor cluster region (mcr) breakpoints by PCR technique. We detected a t(14;18) in 81.3% (87/107) of patients. The distribution of bcl-2-IgH rearrangement was as follows: 88,5% (77/87) in MBR breakpoint, 10,35% (9/87) in 5MBR, whereas mcr bcl-2-IgH rearrangement was observed in one patient (1.15%). No rearrangements were detected in remaining 20 patients (18.7%). This is the first analyses of the frequency of the bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement in Serbian FL patients, as well as in Eastern European countries. There was no correlation between presence of bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement and clinical outcome of disease. Incidence of bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement in Serbian FL patients is relatively high, and similar to frequency in Western countries. Presence of this rearrangement in tumor tissue is not of prognostic significance.

OBJECTIVE Patients with type 2 diabetes most frequently use injections of premixed insulin formulations twice daily, but intensified insulin therapy may provide better control. This study was designed to compare metabolic control with three daily injections of Humalog Mix50 or premixed human insulin 30/70 (30 % regular/70 % NPH) twice daily in accordance with normal prescription practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study cohort of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes used a two-way, crossover design. Patients were randomized to either Mix50 at each main meal or human insulin 30/70 at breakfast and dinner for 3 months, followed by the alternate treatment for 3 months. Blood glucose was measured by the patients at baseline and at the end of each treatment sequence. No significant carryover effects were observed, so treatment sequences were combined and data analyzed by unpaired t-tests. RESULTS Mean blood glucose level was significantly (p = 0.010) decreased with Mix50 but not with 30/70 (p = 0.237), and there was a significant difference between treatments at the endpoint (p = 0.035). Fasting blood glucose was increased pre-breakfast and decreased at bedtime with Mix50 but was not significantly changed pre-lunch or dinner or at any time with 30/70 insulin. Blood glucose excursions were significantly decreased with Mix50 after breakfast (p = 0.002), lunch (p < 0.001) and dinner (p = 0.037) but not significantly changed from baseline with 30/70 insulin. The decrease from baseline in HbA (1c) was significantly (p = 0.021) greater with Mix50 than with 30/70 insulin. There were no significant differences between treatments regarding incidence of hypoglycemia or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, a regimen of Humalog Mix50 administered three times daily before meals maintains glucose control more effectively than premixed human insulin 30/70 administered before breakfast and dinner.