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1. Emission Behaviour and Slagging Tendencies of Kaolin Additivated Pellets from Fen Paludicultures and Paludi-Wood-Blendings in a 15 kW Pellet Boiler

Author

Kuptz, D., Kuchler, C., Rist, E., Eickenscheidt, T., Mack, R., Schön, C., Drösler, M., and Hartmann, H.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Pellets from fen paludicultures (Typha ssp. and Phalaris arundinacea) were produced, analysed and combusted in a 15 kW pellet boiler at TFZ. Fuels comprised both of pure and kaolin additivated pellets as well as of paludiculture-wood-pellet blendings. Standard ENplus wood pellets (A1 quality) were used as a reference fuel. Gaseous and total particulate matter (TPM) emissions as well as slagging tendencies were measured. Typha ssp. showed high CO and particle emissions while Phalaris arundinacea showed an increased risk of slag formation. Additivation with kaolin did neither improve emission behaviour nor slagging tendencies at the applied additivation levels following the guidelines of the ERA-NET project "BIOFLEX!". Blending with wood pellets strongly reduced NOX, SOX and HCl emissions. Overall, combustion of fen paludicultures in small-scale boilers remains challenging and requires a dedicated boiler technology., Proceedings of the 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 9-12 May 2022, Online, pp. 653-656

Published
2022
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2. Combustion Behaviour and Slagging Tendencies of Kaolin Additivated Pellets from Fen Paludicultures in a Small-Scale Biomass Boiler

Author

Kuptz, D., Kuchler, C., Rist, E., Eickenscheidt, T., Mack, R., Schön, C., Drösler, M., and Hartmann, H.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Fuel quality and combustion behaviour of agricultural pellets from paludiculture straw were tested within the research project “MOORuse”. Pellets were produced from Typha ssp., Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea and Carex ssp..Additivation of pellets with kaolin was applied to reduce particle emissions and slagging. Physical fuel properties of pellets met the requirements of ISO 17225-6. Chemical fuel properties(e.g.K and Na content) indicated high TPM emissions for Typha ssp. Distinct slagging for the other species were predicted (e.g. by Si/K-index). During combustion in a small-scale biomass boiler (30 kW), CO and TPM emissions were high for Typha ssp. (CO: 292 mg/m3, TPM: 115 mg/m3, STC) but were reduced by additivation with 2.3 w-% kaolin (CO: 143 mg/m3, TPM: 94 mg/m3, STC). Slagging was high for Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea and Carex ssp. with >40 w-% of total ash consisting of particles >8 mm. Additivation had no positive effect on slagging. In conclusion, paludiculture pellets are challenging fuels that require sufficient fuel upgrading, e. g. by additivation or fuel blending, and a suitable boiler technique that fulfils the legal requirements for the combustion of agricultural fuels in Germany. These requirements are easier met by medium sized combustions plants >100 kW., Proceedings of the 29th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 26-29 April 2021, Online, pp. 399-407

Published
2021
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3. Contamination of Wood Chips with Mineral Soil - Fuel Quality and Combustion Behaviour

Author

Schön, C., Kuchler, C., Kuptz, D., Rist, E., Dietz, E., Riebler, M., Zimmermann, D., Mack, R., Blum, U., Borchert, H., and Hartmann, H.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Careful operation during fuel production is essential to avoid highshares of mineral soil inwood chips leading to contamination of the biofuels. This can result in elevated gaseous and particulate emissions, corrosion or slag formation during combustion in the biomass boiler. To investigate this effect, stemwood and forest residue wood chip fuels were contaminated with mineral soil at two different ratios. Contamination was done using three typical forest soils from Bavaria (soil A, B and C). Total particulate matter (TPM) emissions increased for wood chips that when contaminated with soil A and C, compared to the reference fuel, but emissions for wood chips contaminated with soil B remained constant. Carbon monoxide (CO) and organic gaseous carbon (OGC) emissions decreased for contaminated wood chips. For NOX emissions, no clear effect was observed. Overall, the contamination of woody biomass had a noticeable effect on pollutant emissions and should be avoided., Proceedings of the 29th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 26-29 April 2021, Online, pp. 662-667

Published
2021
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5. Contamination of Wood Pellets with Selected Mineral Soils - Fuel Quality and Combustion Behaviour

Author

Kuchler, C., Kuptz, D., Rist, E., Mack, R., Schön, C., Zimmermann, D., Dietz, E., Riebler, M., Blum, U., Borchert, H., and Hartmann, H.

Subjects
Biomass, complex mixtures
Abstract

Due to careless operation during fuel production, considerable shares of mineral soil might be added to wood chips and wood pellets leading to contamination of the biofuels. This can result in high gaseous and particle emissions, corrosion or slag formation during combustion. To investigate this effect, four pellet fuels were produced at TFZ using coniferous wood of Norwegian spruce, i. e. a pure sample as reference and three pellets that were contaminated with different mineral soils (2 w-%). The contaminated pellets had significantly higher ash contents (2.47 to 2.63 w-%, d.b.) compared to the reference fuel (0.83 w-%, d.b.). The reference sample fulfilled the specifications for A2 according to DIN EN ISO 17225-2, while the contaminated pellets only met the I3 quality criteria. A visual differentiation between contaminated and uncontaminated fuels was not possible. The pellets were combusted in a pellet boiler with a nominal heat output of 15 kW. During combustion of the contaminated pellets, the boiler shut down because of to severe slag and ash formation after 118, 120 and 278 minutes of full load operation. Particle emissions and NOX decreased for the soil contaminated pellets compared to the reference fuel while SOX increased. Carbon monoxide was on a very low level for all fuel assortments. A final interpretation of the correlation between soil contamination of wood pellets and their respective emission behaviour is not possible yet as analysis of chemical element concentration is still ongoing. Overall, the contamination of woody biomass had a noticeable effect on emissions and on the continuous, undisturbed operation of the pellet boiler and should be avoided., Proceedings of the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 27-30 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 673-680

Published
2019
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6. Fuel Quality, Dry Matter Losses and Combustion Behaviour of Anaerobically Stored Wood Chips

Author

Kuptz, D., Lesche, S., Mack, R., Rist, E., Schön, C., and Hartmann, H.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Anaerobic storage of wood chips from forest residues and from short rotation coppice was investigated regarding dry matter losses and fuel quality changes using three approaches, i.e. small storage container (including greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements), small-scale silos of 2 m3 volume and a small wood chip pile (12 m3). After storage, selected wood chip samples were combusted in a 30 kW wood chip boiler and relevant emissions (CO, NOX, particles) were measured. Container trials allowed for best anaerobic conditions reducing dry matter losses to a minimum of 2 w-% after 5 months of storage. Silos proved not to be completely air tight as moisture content increased by 4.2 to 10.4 w-% due to precipitation and distinct dry matter losses were recorded. Still, dry matter losses were lower in silo trials compared to storage in a pile. During combustion, CO and particle emissions increased in naturally stored materials compared to technically dried fuels, probably due to changes in their woody structure but also due to an increase in chemical elements such as potassium. In conclusion, anaerobic storage seems to be an interesting option to reduce dry matter losses. Future studies should focus on the applicability of this technique under practical conditions (e.g. in large driving silos) and on further combustion trials., Proceedings of the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 27-30 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 630-636

Published
2019
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14. CORRESPONDENCE.

Author

Simons, Robert L., Stephen Henighan, Di Vizio, Robert L., Fudge, Tom, Robin, E. Corey, and Rist, E. A.

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, PERSONAL names, WAR, DETERRENCE (Military strategy), NUCLEAR warfare, MILITARY policy
Abstract

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles published in the previous issues of the periodical. Reference to the article "Democracy's Rusty Weapon," on the idea that a German surname could be a hindrance in downstate Illinois, published in the April 14 issue; Discussion on the article "The Response to Terror," on the recent U.S. attack on Libya, published in the May 5 issue; Information on the article "Just Deterrence," on a set of maxims to be employed while reasoning morally about nuclear deterrence, published in the April 21 issue.

Published
1986

16. Correspondance et papiers de Félix et Paul Nadar. I -- CORRESPONDANCE. V-XXI Lettres adressées à Félix Nadar. VIII-XIX Lettres de divers correspondants classés par ordre alphabétique :. XVII Pelicier-Sallenave.

Author

Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit. Destinataire de lettres, Pélicier, E. Destinataire de lettres, Nadar (1820-1910). Producteur d'un fonds d'archives, Nadar, Paul (1856-1939). Producteur d'un fonds d'archives, Pélicier, E. Auteur de lettres, Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit. Auteur de lettres, Peragallo, L. Auteur de lettres, Péreire, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Péreire, Isaac. Auteur de lettres, Périé, Raphaël. Auteur de lettres, Périer, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Périer, N. Bocher. Auteur de lettres, Périn, A. Auteur de lettres, Périvier, Antonin. Auteur de lettres, Pernet, Le Père. Auteur de lettres, Pernot, G.N. Auteur de lettres, Perraud, L. Auteur de lettres, Perrin, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Perrier. Auteur de lettres, Perrolat, Mme M. Auteur de lettres, Perroni. Auteur de lettres, Perronnet, P. Auteur de lettres, Perronnet, Blanche. Auteur de lettres, Peslouan, Hervé de. Auteur de lettres, Pétermin, V. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Alice. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Pierre. Auteur de lettres, Philipon, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Phossy. Auteur de lettres, Picard, Élise. Auteur de lettres, Pifteau, Benjamin. Auteur de lettres, Pigeonnat, André. Auteur de lettres, Pignoly, W. Auteur de lettres, Pin (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Pirou, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Plessis, A. Auteur de lettres, Pline, J. Auteur de lettres, Ploche, Ch. Auteur de lettres, Plon, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Poineau, L. Auteur de lettres, Poinsignon, H. Auteur de lettres, Poisson, François. Auteur de lettres, Ponsin, J.A. Auteur de lettres, Ponthus-Cinier, Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Pontremoli, Albert. Auteur de lettres, Porchereau, Julie. Auteur de lettres, Pothuau, Alice. Auteur de lettres, Pottecher, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Poucet, Eugénie. Auteur de lettres, Pouillet, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Poujade, Antoinette. Auteur de lettres, Poulet-Malassis, F. Auteur de lettres, Pourot, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Pozzi, Docteur Samuel-Jean. Auteur de lettres, Prarond (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Prarond, C. Auteur de lettres, Prévost, A. Auteur de lettres, Price, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Primoli, Comte Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Puteaux, Lucien. Auteur de lettres, Pustöwski. Auteur de lettres, Rabaud, E. Auteur de lettres, Radoux, Mme Louis. Auteur de lettres, Raillard, Docteur. Auteur de lettres, Rambaud, Alfred. Auteur de lettres, Randon, Gilbert. Auteur de lettres, Randon, Léon. Auteur de lettres, Ravel. Auteur de lettres, Raynaud (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Raze, L. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Elisée. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Hélène. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Docteur Paul. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Regnaud, G. Auteur de lettres, Rehm, A. Auteur de lettres, Relvas, Carlos. Auteur de lettres, Renaut, Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Renaut, M. Auteur de lettres, Renusson, Abbé A. Auteur de lettres, Reutlinger, photographe. Auteur de lettres, Revillet, Docteur L. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Docteur Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Docteur R. Auteur de lettres, Ribéra, Pierre. Auteur de lettres, Ricard, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Richard. Auteur de lettres, Richebourg, A. Auteur de lettres, Ricord, Docteur Philippe. Auteur de lettres, Rigault, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Riou, Édouard. Auteur de lettres, Rist, E. Auteur de lettres, Robaut, Alfred. Auteur de lettres, Robert, J. Auteur de lettres, Rocha, Lucien. Auteur de lettres, Rochel, Clément. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Édouard. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Marie. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Valentine. Auteur de lettres, Rodenbach, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Rolier, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Rolland, J. Auteur de lettres, Rops-Duluc, L. Auteur de lettres, Rosa, Gabrielle de. Auteur de lettres, Rose, Emma. Auteur de lettres, Rosenfeld, Berthe Pagès. Auteur de lettres, Rothschild, J. Auteur de lettres, Ronchon, Juliette. Auteur de lettres, Rouffy, J. Auteur de lettres, Roujon, Henry. Auteur de lettres, Roullier, F. Auteur de lettres, Couderc, Abbé A. Auteur de lettres, Rouziès, Abbé. Auteur de lettres, Roze, L. Auteur de lettres, Ruggiéri, artificier. Auteur de lettres, Saint-Jean d'Angély, Comte de. Auteur de lettres, Saliège, peintre. Auteur de lettres, Sallenave, Germaine. Auteur de lettres, Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit. Destinataire de lettres, Pélicier, E. Destinataire de lettres, Nadar (1820-1910). Producteur d'un fonds d'archives, Nadar, Paul (1856-1939). Producteur d'un fonds d'archives, Pélicier, E. Auteur de lettres, Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit. Auteur de lettres, Peragallo, L. Auteur de lettres, Péreire, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Péreire, Isaac. Auteur de lettres, Périé, Raphaël. Auteur de lettres, Périer, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Périer, N. Bocher. Auteur de lettres, Périn, A. Auteur de lettres, Périvier, Antonin. Auteur de lettres, Pernet, Le Père. Auteur de lettres, Pernot, G.N. Auteur de lettres, Perraud, L. Auteur de lettres, Perrin, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Perrier. Auteur de lettres, Perrolat, Mme M. Auteur de lettres, Perroni. Auteur de lettres, Perronnet, P. Auteur de lettres, Perronnet, Blanche. Auteur de lettres, Peslouan, Hervé de. Auteur de lettres, Pétermin, V. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Alice. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Petit, Pierre. Auteur de lettres, Philipon, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Phossy. Auteur de lettres, Picard, Élise. Auteur de lettres, Pifteau, Benjamin. Auteur de lettres, Pigeonnat, André. Auteur de lettres, Pignoly, W. Auteur de lettres, Pin (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Pirou, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Plessis, A. Auteur de lettres, Pline, J. Auteur de lettres, Ploche, Ch. Auteur de lettres, Plon, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Poineau, L. Auteur de lettres, Poinsignon, H. Auteur de lettres, Poisson, François. Auteur de lettres, Ponsin, J.A. Auteur de lettres, Ponthus-Cinier, Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Pontremoli, Albert. Auteur de lettres, Porchereau, Julie. Auteur de lettres, Pothuau, Alice. Auteur de lettres, Pottecher, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Poucet, Eugénie. Auteur de lettres, Pouillet, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Poujade, Antoinette. Auteur de lettres, Poulet-Malassis, F. Auteur de lettres, Pourot, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Pozzi, Docteur Samuel-Jean. Auteur de lettres, Prarond (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Prarond, C. Auteur de lettres, Prévost, A. Auteur de lettres, Price, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Primoli, Comte Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Puteaux, Lucien. Auteur de lettres, Pustöwski. Auteur de lettres, Rabaud, E. Auteur de lettres, Radoux, Mme Louis. Auteur de lettres, Raillard, Docteur. Auteur de lettres, Rambaud, Alfred. Auteur de lettres, Randon, Gilbert. Auteur de lettres, Randon, Léon. Auteur de lettres, Ravel. Auteur de lettres, Raynaud (Mme). Auteur de lettres, Raze, L. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Elisée. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Hélène. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Docteur Paul. Auteur de lettres, Reclus, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Regnaud, G. Auteur de lettres, Rehm, A. Auteur de lettres, Relvas, Carlos. Auteur de lettres, Renaut, Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Renaut, M. Auteur de lettres, Renusson, Abbé A. Auteur de lettres, Reutlinger, photographe. Auteur de lettres, Revillet, Docteur L. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Docteur Joseph. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Henri. Auteur de lettres, Reymond, Docteur R. Auteur de lettres, Ribéra, Pierre. Auteur de lettres, Ricard, Eugène. Auteur de lettres, Richard. Auteur de lettres, Richebourg, A. Auteur de lettres, Ricord, Docteur Philippe. Auteur de lettres, Rigault, Charles. Auteur de lettres, Riou, Édouard. Auteur de lettres, Rist, E. Auteur de lettres, Robaut, Alfred. Auteur de lettres, Robert, J. Auteur de lettres, Rocha, Lucien. Auteur de lettres, Rochel, Clément. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Édouard. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Marie. Auteur de lettres, Rod, Valentine. Auteur de lettres, Rodenbach, Georges. Auteur de lettres, Rolier, Paul. Auteur de lettres, Rolland, J. Auteur de lettres, Rops-Duluc, L. Auteur de lettres, Rosa, Gabrielle de. Auteur de lettres, Rose, Emma. Auteur de lettres, Rosenfeld, Berthe Pagès. Auteur de lettres, Rothschild, J. Auteur de lettres, Ronchon, Juliette. Auteur de lettres, Rouffy, J. Auteur de lettres, Roujon, Henry. Auteur de lettres, Roullier, F. Auteur de lettres, Couderc, Abbé A. Auteur de lettres, Rouziès, Abbé. Auteur de lettres, Roze, L. Auteur de lettres, Ruggiéri, artificier. Auteur de lettres, Saint-Jean d'Angély, Comte de. Auteur de lettres, Saliège, peintre. Auteur de lettres, and Sallenave, Germaine. Auteur de lettres

Abstract

Contient : Pélicier, E.. Lettre(s) ; Pélicier, E.. Lettre(s) reçue(s) ; Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit . Lettre(s) ; Peragallo, L.. Lettre(s) ; Péreire, Henri. Lettre(s) ; Péreire, Isaac., banquier. Lettre(s) ; Périé, Raphaël, inspecteur d'Académie. Lettre(s) ; Périer, Georges. Lettre(s) ; Périer, N. Bocher-. Lettre(s) ; Périn, A.. Lettre(s) ; Périvier, Antonin, directeur du Figaro. Lettre(s) ; Pernet, Le Père, assomptioniste. Lettre(s) ; Pernot, G.N.. Lettre(s) ; Perraud, L.. Lettre(s) ; Perrin, Paul. Lettre(s) ; Perrier. Lettre(s) ; Perrolat, Mme M.. Lettre(s) ; Perroni. Lettre(s) ; Perronnet, P., architecte. Lettre(s) ; Perronnet, Blanche. Lettre(s) ; Peslouan, Hervé de. Lettre(s) ; Pétermin, V.. Lettre(s) ; Petit, Alice. Lettre(s) ; Petit, Georges. Lettre(s) ; Petit, Pierre, photographe. Lettre(s) ; Philipon, Charles. Lettre(s) ; Phossy. Lettre(s) ; Picard, Élise. Lettre(s) ; Pifteau, Benjamin. Lettre(s) ; Pigeonnat, André, gérant du Figaro. Lettre(s) ; Pignoly, W.. Lettre(s) ; Pin (Mme). Lettre(s) ; Pirou, Eugène, photographe. Lettre(s) ; Plessis, A.. Lettre(s) ; Pline, J.. Lettre(s) ; Ploche, Ch.. Lettre(s) ; Plon, Henri, éditeur. Lettre(s) ; Poineau, L.. Lettre(s) ; Poinsignon, H.. Lettre(s) ; Poisson, François. Lettre(s) ; Ponsin, J.A.. Lettre(s) ; Ponthus-Cinier, Joseph. Lettre(s) ; Pontremoli, Albert. Lettre(s) ; Porchereau, Julie. Lettre(s) ; Pothuau, Alice, née Randon. Lettre(s) ; Pottecher, Charles. Lettre(s) ; Poucet, Eugénie. Lettre(s) ; Pouillet, Eugène. Lettre(s) ; Poujade, Antoinette. Lettre(s) ; Poulet-Malassis, F.. Lettre(s) ; Pourot, Paul. Lettre(s) ; Pozzi, Docteur Samuel-Jean. Lettre(s) ; Prarond (Mme). Lettre(s) ; Prarond, C.. Lettre(s) ; Prévost, A.. Lettre(s) ; Price, Georges. Lettre(s) ; Primoli, Comte Joseph. Lettre(s) ; Puteaux, Lucien. Lettre(s) ; Pustöwski. Lettre(s) ; Rabaud, E.. Lettre(s) ; Radoux, Mme Louis. Lettre(s) ; Raillard, Docteur. Lettre(s) ; Rambaud, Alfred, historien. Lettre(s) ; Randon, Gilbert. Lettre(s) ; Randon, Léon. Let, Numérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution : R 64928., Nadar, Félix Tournachon dit. Lettre(s) reçue(s)

22. Use of a renal-specific oral supplement by haemodialysis patients with low protein intake does not increase the need for phosphate binders and may prevent a decline in nutritional status and quality of life

Author

Denis, Fouque, Jane, McKenzie, Renée, de Mutsert, Raymond, Azar, Daniel, Teta, Mathias, Plauth, Noel, Cano, B, Vendrely, Renilon Multicentre Trial Study Group, Schlawin, H., Burnier, M., Teta, D., Abokasem, A., Moray, W., Aladib, M., Bony, C., Broyet, C., Chauveau, P., Chazot, C., Delcroix, C., Depuis, E., Rist, E., Guy, JP., Hadj El Mrabet, A., Heyani, A., Nemmar, F., and Vendrely, B.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Low protein, medicine.medical_treatment, Serum albumin, Nutritional Status, Kidney, Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Gastroenterology, Renal Dialysis, Internal medicine, medicine, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Wasting, Serum Albumin, Dialysis, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Transplantation, Intention-to-treat analysis, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Middle Aged, Phosphate-Binding Proteins, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage, Dietary Supplements/analysis, Female, Kidney/drug effects, Phosphate-Binding Proteins/administration & dosage, Protein-Energy Malnutrition/prevention & control, Quality of Life, Serum Albumin/analysis, Dietary Supplements, biology.protein, Dietary Proteins, Hemodialysis, medicine.symptom, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background. Protein-energy wasting is a frequent and debilitating condition in maintenance dialysis. We randomly tested if an energy-dense, phosphate-restricted, renal-specific oral supplement couldmaintain adequate nutritional intake and prevent malnutrition in maintenance haemodialysis patients with insufficient intake. Methods. Eighty-six patients were assigned to a standard care (CTRL) group or were prescribed two 125-ml packs of Renilon 7.5 R daily for 3 months (SUPP). Dietary intake, serum (S) albumin, prealbumin, protein nitrogen appearance(nPNA), C-reactive protein, subjective global assessment(SGA) and quality of life (QOL) were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. Results. While intention to treat analysis (ITT) did not reveal strong statistically significant changes in dietary intake between groups, per protocol (PP) analysis showed that theSUPP group increased protein (P < 0.01) and energy (P

Published
2008

23. First-in-class MKK4 inhibitors enhance liver regeneration and prevent liver failure.

Author

Zwirner S, Abu Rmilah AA, Klotz S, Pfaffenroth B, Kloevekorn P, Moschopoulou AA, Schuette S, Haag M, Selig R, Li K, Zhou W, Nelson E, Poso A, Chen H, Amiot B, Jia Y, Minshew A, Michalak G, Cui W, Rist E, Longerich T, Jung B, Felgendreff P, Trompak O, Premsrirut PK, Gries K, Muerdter TE, Heinkele G, Wuestefeld T, Shapiro D, Weissbach M, Koenigsrainer A, Sipos B, Ab E, Zacarias MO, Theisgen S, Gruenheit N, Biskup S, Schwab M, Albrecht W, Laufer S, Nyberg S, and Zender L

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mice, Hepatectomy methods, Hepatocytes, Liver, Liver Diseases drug therapy, Liver Regeneration, Swine, Liver Failure drug therapy, Liver Failure prevention & control, MAP Kinase Kinase 4 antagonists & inhibitors, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use
Abstract

Diminished hepatocyte regeneration is a key feature of acute and chronic liver diseases and after extended liver resections, resulting in the inability to maintain or restore a sufficient functional liver mass. Therapies to restore hepatocyte regeneration are lacking, making liver transplantation the only curative option for end-stage liver disease. Here, we report on the structure-based development and characterization (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) of first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the dual-specificity kinase MKK4 (MKK4i). MKK4i increased liver regeneration upon hepatectomy in murine and porcine models, allowed for survival of pigs in a lethal 85% hepatectomy model, and showed antisteatotic and antifibrotic effects in liver disease mouse models. A first-in-human phase I trial (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials [EudraCT] 2021-000193-28) with the clinical candidate HRX215 was conducted and revealed excellent safety and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trials to probe HRX215 for prevention/treatment of liver failure after extensive oncological liver resections or after transplantation of small grafts are warranted., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests L.Z. and T.W. are co-inventors of the patent WO 2012/136859. L.Z., S.L., and A.P. are founders, shareholders, and scientific advisors of HepaRegeniX (HRX) GmbH. B.J., D.S., and M.W. are advisors of HRX. W.A., R.S., and S.Z. are employees of HRX. E.A.B., M.O.Z., and S.T. are employees of ZoBio. M.S. received research support and funding from Green Cross WellBeing Co. Ltd., Gilead Sciences Inc., Robert Bosch GmbH, CORAT Therapeutics GmbH, Agena Bioscience, HepaRegeniX GmbH, and CED Services GmbH., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2024
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24. MYC determines lineage commitment in KRAS-driven primary liver cancer development.

Author

D'Artista L, Moschopoulou AA, Barozzi I, Craig AJ, Seehawer M, Herrmann L, Minnich M, Kang TW, Rist E, Henning M, Klotz S, Heinzmann F, Harbig J, Sipos B, Longerich T, Eilers M, Dauch D, Zuber J, Wang XW, and Zender L

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic pathology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Liver Neoplasms genetics, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Cholangiocarcinoma genetics, Cholangiocarcinoma metabolism, Bile Duct Neoplasms pathology, Fatty Liver
Abstract

Background & Aims: Primary liver cancer (PLC) comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), two frequent and lethal tumour types that differ regarding their tumour biology and responses to cancer therapies. Liver cells harbour a high degree of cellular plasticity and can give rise to either HCC or iCCA. However, little is known about the cell-intrinsic mechanisms directing an oncogenically transformed liver cell to either HCC or iCCA. The scope of this study was to identify cell-intrinsic factors determining lineage commitment in PLC., Methods: Cross-species transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling was applied to murine HCCs and iCCAs and to two human PLC cohorts. Integrative data analysis comprised epigenetic Landscape In Silico deletion Analysis (LISA) of transcriptomic data and Hypergeometric Optimization of Motif EnRichment (HOMER) analysis of chromatin accessibility data. Identified candidate genes were subjected to functional genetic testing in non-germline genetically engineered PLC mouse models (shRNAmir knockdown or overexpression of full-length cDNAs)., Results: Integrative bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomic and epigenetic data pinpointed the Forkhead-family transcription factors FOXA1 and FOXA2 as MYC-dependent determination factors of the HCC lineage. Conversely, the ETS family transcription factor ETS1 was identified as a determinant of the iCCA lineage, which was found to be suppressed by MYC during HCC development. Strikingly, shRNA-mediated suppression of FOXA1 and FOXA2 with concomitant ETS1 expression fully switched HCC to iCCA development in PLC mouse models., Conclusions: The herein reported data establish MYC as a key determinant of lineage commitment in PLC and provide a molecular explanation why common liver-damaging risk factors such as alcoholic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can lead to either HCC or iCCA., Impact and Implications: Liver cancer is a major health problem and comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), two frequent and lethal tumour types that differ regarding their morphology, tumour biology, and responses to cancer therapies. We identified the transcription factor and oncogenic master regulator MYC as a switch between HCC and iCCA development. When MYC levels are high at the time point when a hepatocyte becomes a tumour cell, an HCC is growing out. Conversely, if MYC levels are low at this time point, the result is the outgrowth of an iCCA. Our study provides a molecular explanation why common liver-damaging risk factors such as alcoholic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can lead to either HCC or iCCA. Furthermore, our data harbour potential for the development of better PLC therapies., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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25. Development of a community outreach project: An interprofessional partnership for thalassemia families guided by nursing students.

Author

Schmotzer G, Kohlbry P, Strehlow K, Rist E, Bales K, Foe M, Yasmashita R, and Yu J

Subjects
Adult, Child, Community-Institutional Relations, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Patient Care Team, Education, Nursing, Students, Nursing, Thalassemia
Abstract

Children with chronic illnesses have improved physiological and psychosocial outcomes when they are able to identify and converse with others who experience the same challenges. Support groups are one way to enhance this interaction. To facilitate this process, student nurses worked with an interprofessional healthcare team, thalassemia patients, and their families to determine their support needs. The purpose of this article is to describe the innovative development and outcomes of the Thalassemia Patient Support Project, a community engagement partnership. This partnership provided a unique educational clinical experience for nursing students where they had an opportunity to help develop a support group and a pediatric to adult transitional care program. The outcomes could be used as a guide for community nursing education, in US and international settings., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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26. miR-124 disinhibits neurite outgrowth in an inflammatory environment.

Author

Hartmann H, Hoehne K, Rist E, Louw AM, and Schlosshauer B

Subjects
Animals, Inflammation genetics, Inflammation pathology, Mice, MicroRNAs genetics, Neurites pathology, PC12 Cells, RAW 264.7 Cells, Rats, Transfection, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Inflammation metabolism, Macrophages metabolism, MicroRNAs metabolism, Neurites metabolism
Abstract

Lesions of the central nervous system elicit inflammatory responses that counteract the regeneration of neurites. Microglia and infiltrating macrophages that were activated by trauma have been identified as cellular sources of inhibitory factors. We examine cultured macrophage (RAW264.7) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines to ascertain the potential modulators of the inflammatory impact on neurons. By exposing quiescent macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon γ (IFN-γ), cells can be transformed into an activated M1 phenotype. Neurite extension was induced in PC12 cells by culturing them in the presence of nerve growth factor. Neurite outgrowth was quantified by analyzing immunofluorescence and phase contrast microscopy images. Activated macrophages significantly reduced neurite extension. Macrophage activation by LPS/IFN-γ induced a 1000-fold increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion, as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Recombinant TNF-α inhibited neurite formation at concentrations as low as 0.016 ng/ml. In contrast, the masking of TNF-α with specific functional antibodies abrogated neurite growth inhibition by activated macrophages. Taken together, these results indicated that TNF-α is a key component of inhibitory macrophage action. The transfection of PC12 neurons with microRNA-124 (miR-124) counteracted the inhibition of neurites mediated by both recombinant TNF-α and macrophages. miR-124 did not stimulate neurite formation per se, nor was cell viability affected. These data suggest that miR-124 might be a valuable tool for desensitizing neurons to a repulsive inflammatory environment.

Published
2015
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27. Cell-type specific four-component hydrogel.

Author

Aberle T, Franke K, Rist E, Benz K, and Schlosshauer B

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Cells, Cultured, Cross-Linking Reagents metabolism, DNA Primers genetics, Diffusion, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Kinetics, Mice, Osmolar Concentration, Rats, Regenerative Medicine trends, Rheology, Tissue Engineering methods, Cells metabolism, Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate chemistry, Regenerative Medicine instrumentation, Regenerative Medicine methods, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Viscoelastic Substances chemistry
Abstract

In the field of regenerative medicine we aim to develop implant matrices for specific tissue needs. By combining two per se, cell-permissive gel systems with enzymatic crosslinkers (gelatin/transglutaminase and fibrinogen/thrombin) to generate a blend (technical term: quattroGel), an unexpected cell-selectivity evolved. QuattroGels were porous and formed cavities in the cell diameter range, possessed gelation kinetics in the minute range, viscoelastic properties and a mechanical strength appropriate for general cell adhesion, and restricted diffusion. Cell proliferation of endothelial cells, chondrocytes and fibroblasts was essentially unaffected. In contrast, on quattroGels neither endothelial cells formed vascular tubes nor did primary neurons extend neurites in significant amounts. Only chondrocytes differentiated properly as judged by collagen isoform expression. The biophysical quattroGel characteristics appeared to leave distinct cell processes such as mitosis unaffected and favored differentiation of sessile cells, but hampered differentiation of migratory cells. This cell-type selectivity is of interest e.g. during articular cartilage or invertebral disc repair, where pathological innervation and angiogenesis represent adverse events in tissue engineering.

Published
2014
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29. [Frédéric Dumarest].

Author

RIST E

Subjects
Humans, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century
Published
1951

37. Segmental bronchitis.

Author

RIST E, AMEUILLE P, and LEMOINE JM

Subjects
Humans, Bronchitis
Published
1947

41. [Lacépède and the whales].

Author

RIST E

Subjects
Animals, Cetacea, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Whales
Published
1955

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