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Marital adjustment implicates both the family and professional life of women. It has, however, not received adequate research attention in Nepal. This paper assesses the marital adjustment of working women and housewives in Kathmandu, Nepal, using the Marital Adjustment Inventory developed by Kumar and Rohatgi (1976). Data are collected using face-to-face interviews with 270 women selected through purposive-cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive and bi-variate level inferential statistics. Most respondents were well-educated young Newa community women living in joint families. Married women of Kathmandu Valley enjoy fairly well-adjusted conjugal union, with even better adjustment of working women since their earnings act as power. The bi-variate level test indicated a significantly associated between age at marriage, working status, monthly income, and type of family with marital adjustment. However, the prevailing scholarship indicates that factors affecting marital adjustment are not universal. Rather, they are context-specific. Working women of joint families showed higher levels of marital adjustment, indicating the strength of power (money as resources) and socio-cultural norms for family bonds for family happiness. While these findings seek policy recognition and practical translation of these elements under a wider approach to women’s empowerment and family well-being, we also recommend women go to work rather than stay at home, for a better conjugal relationship.

The role of human microbiota in cancer initiation and progression is recognized in recent years. In order to investigate the interactions between cancer cells and microbes, a systematic analysis using various emerging techniques is required. Owing to the label-free, non-invasive and molecular fingerprinting characteristics, vibrational spectroscopy is uniquely suited to decode and understand the relationship and interactions between cancer and the microbiota at the molecular level. In this review, we first provide a quick overview of the fundamentals of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, namely Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Next, we discuss the emerging evidence underscoring utilities of these spectroscopic techniques to study cancer or microbes separately, and share our perspective on how vibrational spectroscopy can be employed at the intersection of the two fields. Finally, we envision the potential opportunities in exploiting vibrational spectroscopy not only in basic cancer-microbiome research but also in its clinical translation, and discuss the challenges in the bench to bedside translation.

In the analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, voltage references that are independent of various factors such as temperature drift, noise, supply voltage, etc., and efficient in terms of power as well as area, are highly in demand to improve the efficiency of the overall circuits. Voltage references are one of those circuits that have applications in both high-power systems and low-power system-on-chip (SoC) designs for wireless connectivity like the internet of the things (IoT) or the internet of the medical things (IoMT). They are responsible for providing a stable bias or reference voltage. Thus, voltage reference influences directly or indirectly the performance of these systems. A comparative study between the techniques used in bandgap voltage references and CMOS voltage references, in terms of performance parameters such as line sensitivity, output noise, PSRR, temperature coefficient, etc., is presented in this paper so that we can choose the voltage references as per the applications and environment.

The handheld, do-it-yourself ptychographic whole slide scanner for high-throughput digital pathology applications.

Context.— Repeated surgery is necessary for 20% to 40% of breast conservation surgeries owing to the unavailability of any adjunctive, accurate, and objective tool in the surgeon's hand for real-time margin assessment to achieve the desired balance of oncologic and cosmetic outcomes. Objective.— To assess the feasibility of using a multispectral autofluorescence imaging device for discriminating malignant neoplasm from normal breast tissue in pathology as a critical step in the development of a device for intraoperative use, and to demonstrate the device's utility for use in processing and prioritizing specimens during frozen section and in the pathology grossing room. Design.— We performed a preliminary assessment of our device, called the TumorMAP system, on 172 fresh tissue blocks from 115 patients obtained from lumpectomy specimens at the time of initial gross examination and compared the device results with gold standard pathology evaluation. Results.— The preliminary results demonstrate the potential of our device in detecting breast cancer in fresh tissue samples with a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 84%, and a negative predictive value of 89%. Conclusions.— Our results suggest that the TumorMAP system is suitable for the detection of malignant neoplasm in freshly excised breast specimens and has the potential to evaluate resection margins in real time.

The paper presents a class-AB flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell. In contrast to previous works in the literature, FVF cell, level shifter and folded FVF cell are merged in the proposed FVF cell to offer class-AB operation along with wide input/output voltage swing and low output resistance. In the proposed FVF cell, the level shifter increases the input/output voltage swing while the folding transistor provides an alternate path for sourcing current, which results in low output resistance. The proposed FVF cell offers wide input/output voltage swing of 0.80 V/0.67 V, high gain of 0.84, wide bandwidth of 54 MHz for the worst case load capacitance of 50 pF and low output resistance of 10 Ω. The proposed FVF cell is simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment in 180 nm CMOS technology. The physical layout has been designed using Cadence Virtuoso Layout XL editor and post-layout simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed FVF cell. The corner analysis has also been performed to show the robustness of the proposed FVF cell.

A low output resistance and high slew rate class-AB flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell is presented in this paper. The proposed FVF cell consists of cascoding transistor which provides the extra gain to the feedback loop and leads to the low output resistance while the bulk-driven transistor acts as an adjustable current source to increase the current driving capability and slew rate. The proposed FVF cell offers numerous advantages such as low output resistance, high current driving capability, wide bandwidth, high symmetrical slew rate and occupies less chip area. The proposed circuit has been designed using Cadence virtuoso tool in 0.18 µm CMOS technology and the post-layout simulation results are presented to validate its performance. To show the performance under extreme conditions, the analysis of the proposed circuit at various corners has also been presented.

In this paper, we propose an n-type double gate junctionless field-effect-transistor using recessed silicon channel. The recessed silicon channel reduces the channel thickness between the underlap regions, results in lowering the number of charge carriers in the silicon channel, and therefore, diminishing the OFF-current in the device. The proposed device shows similar electrical characteristics with improved transconductance, as compared to the conventional double gate junctionless field-effect-transistor. The effect of channel length scaling on the performance have been investigated, and it has been found that the recessed junctionless device shows higher ON-to-OFF current ratio, lower subthreshold swing and better immunity against the short channel effects, namely threshold voltage roll-off and drain-induced-barrier-lowering. For a channel length of 20 nm the OFF-current of the order of 1.20 × 10–14 A/µm, ON-to-OFF current ratio of the order of 6.01 × 1010, subthreshold swing of the value of 67 mV/dec, and DIBL of 37.8 mV V−1 has been achieved with the proposed junctionless device, in comparison of conventional double gate junctionless FET. The performance of proposed device with respect to the variations in depth and length of recessed silicon area, has also been presented as a roadmap for further tuning of its electrical behaviour. Comparatively, steeper DC transfer characteristics and improved rail-to-rail swing in transient behaviour has been reported with the designed complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverter, based on recessed double gate junctionless FET. The proposed recessed silicon channel double gate junctionless field-effect-transistor has been simulated using TCAD tool.

This paper presents a high performance current mirror with a large current mirroring range. The advantages of folded flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell and super cascode transistor are combined in proposed current mirror, which make it suitable for high performance applications. The folded FVF cell provides low resistance node which is utilized to inject the input current and therefore, proposed current mirror shows input resistance of 24.15 Ω. By employing a super cascode transistor at the output node, the output resistance is increased to 28.3 G. The presented current mirror achieves bandwidth of 280 MHz and wide current mirroring range of 0 to 500 µA. The suggested current mirror is designed using CMOS technology at 0.18 µm in virtuoso, and it is simulated using Cadence’s spectre. The physical layout has been made using the layout XL editor. The efficiency of the proposed current mirror is shown by post-layout simulation results.

This paper introduces novel electronically tunable floating and grounded memristor emulator circuits using voltage differencing gain amplifier and one capacitor. The decremental and incremental memristor emulators have been suggested for both floating as well as grounded type configurations. Decremental to incremental and incremental to decremental configurations of memristor emulators can be easily obtained. The fingerprint of memristor is the pinched hysteresis loops that are maintained for the significant range of frequencies from 5 kHz to 1 MHz. The proposed memristor emulator sustains its range of frequency for both grounded and floating configurations. The simulations have been done in Eldo simulation tool of Mentor Graphics using TSMC 0.18 µm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology parameters. The proposed electronically tunable memristor emulators are used to realize analog filters in view of performance verification.

In this paper, a new design of meminductor emulator has been suggested using voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA), current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA), a resistor and two grounded capacitors. The key advantages of the proposed meminductor emulator circuits are their design simplicity, implementation without memristors and easily adjustable design for grounded/ floating decremental to incremental configurations. The proposed circuits have been designed and simulated using 180-nm process technologies in the Mentor Graphics Eldo simulation tool. The nonvolatility and Monte Carlo analysis of the proposed meminductor emulators have been given. A comparison table has also been presented to discuss the benefits of the suggested meminductor emulator designs with existing designs. The operation of the designed emulator has been corroborated by using it in the chaotic oscillator and neuromorphic circuit applications.

Two new structures of current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) for high transconductance gains are proposed. Usually, the transconductance gain of conventional CDTA is controlled by varying the bias current which limits the transconductance gain up to a certain extent and increases the power dissipation. These problems have been eliminated by introducing a technique in which common source amplifiers are connected between gate and source terminals of the differential pair metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) of conventional CDTA. The common source amplifiers are used to increase the gate-to-source voltages of differential pair MOSFETs which increase the transconductance gain of the proposed CDTA-I. To further increase the transconductance gain of the proposed CDTA-I, another structure namely, CDTA-II is also proposed which uses an ‘N’ number of n-type MOSFETs connected in parallel instead of a single n-type MOSFET in each side of the differential pair. The gate-to-source voltages of all ‘N’ parallel MOSFETs remain the same as in the proposed CDTA-I and the total output current of operational transconductance amplifier is increased and therefore, transconductance gain is further increased. The proposed CDTA-I and CDTA-II have been designed using Mentor Graphics Eldo tool. The simulation results have been obtained using 0.18 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that the transconductance gains of proposed structures have been increased significantly while power dissipations are the same as that of the conventional CDTA. The high-frequency Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb filters using both the proposed structures have also been presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed CDTAs.

In this paper, a class-AB flipped voltage follower cell with high current driving capability is proposed. The proposed flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell offers increased current sourcing capability and large input/output voltage swing due to the use of bulk-driven and level shifter techniques, respectively. Further, it uses an additional NMOS transistor connected between output and ground terminals to increase the current sinking capability and to reduce the output resistance. The stability analysis has been performed by using Routh–Hurwitz stability criteria which confirms that the proposed FVF cell is stable. The proposed FVF cell also offers a high symmetrical slew rate. The proposed FVF cell has been simulated in Cadence virtuoso analog design environment using BSIM3v3 180 nm CMOS technology and simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit.

The global climate system is changing faster than earlier projections with variable rates across the geographic scale. The impacts are also perceived heterogeneously across the places and communities. This study explores gender differentials in impact-perception in the Kaligandaki river valley in central Nepal. Research used primary data collected from 360 households, 75 Key Informants and 24 Focus Groups Discussion as well as through construction of nine Historical Timeline Calendars from three clusters – Meghauli (lower basin), Lumle (middlepart) and Upper-Mustang (upper-basin). The impact perception was assessed under seven social-ecological variables in the unipolar Likert Scale. The impact perception does not significantly differ across the gender of respondents while testing the means of perception scores and probably it is due to the impacts that have been experienced at profound level. The test of independence of gender to level of impacts indicates no significant association. This research also tried to check if other social-economic variables such as age of respondents and landholding size of household as well as self-reported economic status of households were significantly associated with some of the impacts. However, the number of cells with expected counts less than 5 in chi-square test turned to be more than 20 percent so they were considered to be invalid. Nevertheless, impact perception is significantly associated with the places of residence or study clusters, which indicates that local social-ecological system matters in climate change impacts. The qualitative information however, suggests otherwise that women feel higher level of risk and impacts, and is related to their concern over the welfare of family members and livelihood resources. Since risk perception is found to be related to spatial characteristics, this research recommends for development and implementation of targeted and localized adaptation policies. None the less, those policies must also recognize the women’s concerns on climate change impacts.

Men and women variably perceive climate change, as the literature suggests that women perceive a higher level of changes compared to men. This study investigated differentials in climate change perception among Nepal's men and women, using a river basin level primary data. Data were collected from 360 household heads of three spatial clusters – Meghauli (153), Lumle (141), and Upper-Mustang (66), located at different ecological zones of the Kaligandaki Basin. Out of the total respondents, 106 were women. Perceptions on 11 weather-related elements were asked to the respondents to level the perceived change in the unipolar Likert Scale. Such information was supplemented through 75 Key Informants (KIs), 24 Focused Group Discussions (FGDs), and Historical Timeline Calendars from nine locations. Findings suggest that differences in climate change perception exist between women and men, and women in particular generally felt a higher level of change. However, the findings are not strongly supported by both statistical tests i.e. test of mean differences (the independent sample t-test) between the responses of men and women, and the test of association (chi-square) between the gender of respondents and the type of responses they have chosen. The findings indicate that both men and women perceive the change if it was easily noticeable. Therefore, a critical understanding of the association of other socio-economic and ecological factors on the construction of perception to climate change would be necessary to form a successful climate change adaptation policy. Furthermore, since the findings are based on an exploratory and cross-sectional study, further investigation with rigorous approaches is required to draw more concrete conclusions.

Purpose of Research:There are 425 million people with diabetes in the World. There will be 629 million people with diabetes in the World in 2045. The insulin receptor controls glucose homeostasis, a physiological mechanism that can lead to diabetes and cancer if disrupted. Scope of The Experiments:This study aimed to confirm the Insulin Receptor target for reported GLUT4 anti-diabetic natural compounds based on their pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity prediction, molecular docking, target analysis, similar FDA approved drugs prediction, and molecular dynamic simulation. We selected 24 compounds on the basis of their mode of action from the anti-diabetic natural compounds database (ADNCD). Initially, we performed ADME analysis for the selected 24 compounds. Results:Among these 24 compounds, it has been found that 18 compounds followed the Lipinski Rule of Five. Further, we did a toxicity analysis of those 18 compounds, and it was found that 15 compounds were toxic in nature. We performed molecular docking against the Insulin Receptor (PDB ID: 1IR3) of the rest of the 3 compounds after ADME and toxicity analysis. To understand the dynamic motions of the ligand-protein complex, we perform a root mean square fluctuation analysis. We also checked the similarity of Apigeninfrom the FDA-approved drugs, but no similar molecule was found. Findings and Conclusions:It has been found that Apigeninwas selected as the best compound as it showedthe lowest binding energy and satisfied all our study parameters. Our promising findings based on preliminary and in-silico analysis need to be validatedfurther byin-vitroandin-vivostudies.

This paper presents a novel sub-1-V CMOS voltage reference with high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), low line sensitivity, and low supply voltage. CMOS voltage references available in the literature use a self-biased cascode branch consisting of two MOS transistors operating in the subthreshold region to generate the proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) voltage only, whereas extra circuitry is required to generate the complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) voltage for temperature compensation. But in the proposed sub-1-V CMOS voltage reference, both the PTAT and CTAT voltages are generated using a single self-biased cascode branch. Two operational amplifiers in negative feedback topology are used to convert the PTAT and CTAT voltages into PTAT and CTAT currents, respectively, which help to enhance the stability and PSRR of the proposed voltage reference. The proposed voltage reference has been designed and simulated in 180-nm standard CMOS technology using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment. The proposed voltage reference achieves an output reference voltage of 424.85[Formula: see text]mV with a temperature coefficient of 29.5[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C for the temperatures ranging from [Formula: see text]C to 125∘C at a supply voltage of 0.8[Formula: see text]V. A line sensitivity of 0.0035%/V is achieved for the supply voltage varying from 0.8[Formula: see text]V to 5[Formula: see text]V at nominal temperature (27∘C). A PSRR of [Formula: see text]91.69[Formula: see text]dB is observed for the frequencies ranging from 1[Formula: see text]Hz to 10[Formula: see text]kHz at nominal conditions without using any capacitive filter. Also, the output noises of the proposed design at nominal conditions for the frequencies of 1[Formula: see text]Hz and 10[Formula: see text]kHz are obtained as 2.37[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V/[Formula: see text]Hz and 45.26[Formula: see text]nV/[Formula: see text]Hz, respectively.

With inherent structural simplicity due to the omission of ultrasteep p-n junctions, the conventional junctionless FET can be used as a barrier-controlled device with low OFF-current in the nanoscale regime. In this work, numerous performance parameters of conventional double-gate junctionless FET namely threshold voltage, OFF-current, ON-current, ON-to-OFF current ratio, and subthreshold slope have been investigated for the range of gate work function from 4.6 eV to 5.6 eV. The performance of conventional double-gate junctionless FET has been further improved with the proposed recessed double-gate junctionless FET using recessed silicon film in the channel region and it has been found that for the gate work function of 5.1 eV (mid-value) the proposed device shows OFF-current of the order of ~ 10− 14 A/µm, ON-to-OFF current ratio of the order of 1010 and subthreshold slope of 65.6 mV/dec as compared to the conventional double-gate junctionless FET. Interestingly, a range of work function values have been found to obtain the optimum performance from the conventional and proposed recessed double-gate junctionless FETs for low power applications. In the work function window, the variations in transconductance and gate-to-source capacitance for both junctionless devices have been illustrated. The impact of different values of the work function of the two gate electrodes for both junctionless devices has also been presented and it is found that the proposed device reflects robustness with nearly constant subthreshold slope.

Identification and classification of leukemia cells in a rapid and label-free fashion is clinically challenging and thus presents a prime arena for implementing new diagnostic tools. Quantitative phase imaging, which maps optical path length delays introduced by the specimen, has been demonstrated to discern cellular phenotypes based on differential morphological attributes. Rapid acquisition capability and the availability of label-free images with high information content have enabled researchers to use machine learning (ML) to reveal latent features. We developed a set of ML classifiers, including convolutional neural networks, to discern healthy B cells from lymphoblasts and classify stages of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we show that the average dry mass and volume of normal B cells are lower than those of cancerous cells and that these morphologic parameters increase further alongside disease progression. We find that the relaxed training requirements of a ML approach are conducive to the classification of cell type, with minimal space, training time, and memory requirements. Our findings pave the way for a larger study on clinical samples of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with the overarching goal of its broader use in hematopathology, where the prospect of objective diagnoses with minimal sample preparation remains highly desirable.

Inflammation leads to chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) exert paracrine effects protecting chondrocytes from degenerative changes. However, the lack of optimum delivery systems for ADSCs limits its use in the clinic. The use of extracellular matrix based injectable hydrogels has gained increased attention due to their unique properties. In the present study, we developed hydrogels from amnion tissue as a delivery system for ADSCs. We investigated the potential of amnion hydrogel to maintain ADSC functions, the synergistic effect of AM with ADSC in preventing the catabolic responses of inflammation in stimulated chondrocytes. We also investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IL-1β induced inflammation in chondrocytes and the ability of AM-ADSC to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results showed that AM hydrogels supported cell viability, proliferation, and stemness. ADSCs, AM hydrogels and AM-ADSCs inhibited the catabolic responses of IL-1β and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in IL-1β induced inflammation. The results also showed that the synergistic effect of AM-ADSCs was more pronounced in preventing catabolic responses in activated chondrocytes. In conclusion, we showed that AM hydrogels can be used as a potential carrier for ADSCs, and can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for treating OA.

Polymer-piezoceramic composites harness the flexibility of polymer and piezoelectric properties of ceramics to offer flexible piezoelectric materials for use in energy harvesting applications. Although, there is a general temptation to use piezoceramics which exhibits high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in the fabrication of such composites, there are limitations posed by the processing conditions of the composite which eventually determines their overall performance. In the present work we have explored this aspect in detail. We fabricated composites with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the polymer and three different piezoceramic powders namely BaTiO3 (BT), Ba(Ti0.97Sn0.03)O3 (BTS) and Sm-doped Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(Sm-PMN-PT). Our focus here is to understand the role of grain size of the ceramic powders in determining the dielectric, piezoelectric, and energy harvesting performance of the composites. To broaden the perspective, the results are compared with another analogous composite 0.59PbTiO3-0.41Bi(Zr0.5Ni0.5)O3 (PT-BNZ)-PVDF reported before. We found that, although, the dense ceramic specimen of Sm-PMN-PT exhibits exceptionally large d33, the composite with PT-BNZ exhibited the best piezoelectric and energy harvesting performance. BT, BTS and Sm-PMN-PT composites showed maximum surface power density of 6.24, 12.81 and 23.18 I¼W/cm2, respectively, and volume power density of 416.18, 854.1 and 1104 I¼W/cm3, respectively. Whereas surface power density and volume power density of PT-BNZ was 101.80 I¼W/cm2 and 5088.80 I¼W/cm3 respectively. We have also attempted to establish a correspondence between the piezoelectric response, energy harvesting performance and the poling induced domain reorientation/structural changes in the ceramic grains of the composites. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

In this paper, grounded and floating decremental/incremental memristor emulator circuits are realized using fully balanced voltage differencing buffered amplifier (FB-VDBA) and grounded capacitor. These proposed configurations are simpler in design as compared to most of the designs available in the literature. The pinched Hysteresis loops are maintained up to 1 MHz frequency. The decremental to incremental memristor emulator and vice versa can be easily attained by slightly modifying the circuits. Proposed designs of memristor emulator circuits are simulated using TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process technology parameters of Mentor Graphics Eldo tool. The proposed decremental floating memristor emulator circuit has been embedded in the design of universal biquad filter to evaluate its performance.

An area-efficient N-bit digital comparator with high operating speed and low-power dissipation is presented in this work. The proposed comparator structure consists of two separate modules. The first module is the comparison evaluation module (CEM) and the second module is the final module (FM). Independent from the input operand bitwidths, stages present in CEM involve the regular structure of repeated logic cells used for implementing parallel prefix tree structure. The FM validates the final comparison based on results obtained from the CEM. The presence of regular very large-scale integration topology in the proposed structure allows the analytical derivation of the area in terms of total number of transistors present in the design and total delay encountered in input-output flow as the function of input operand bitwidth. Spectre simulation results have been presented using 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology at 1 GHz. The main advantages of the proposed comparator are minimum input-output delay of 0.57 ns, minimum fan-out-of-4 delay of 9.5 ns and low-power dissipation of 1.03 mw as compared with existing comparators designed using 180 nm CMOS technology for 64 bit comparison.

Significance Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide with no curative solution. In the present study, we developed a minimally invasive injectable system using amnion membrane (AM) from the human placenta as a carrier for fat tissue-derived stem cells (adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs]) to treat OA. Both AM and ADSCs are rich sources of bioactive molecules that can target the sites of inflammation and reduce the inflammation-driven articular cartilage damage. Our study demonstrated the disease-modifying and regenerative potential of AM hydrogel, a comparable regenerative and disease-modifying effect of AM hydrogel and ADSCs, and the synergistic effect of AM with ADSCs in regenerating cartilage and attenuating OA., Current treatment strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) predominantly address symptoms with limited disease-modifying potential. There is a growing interest in the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for OA treatment and developing biomimetic injectable hydrogels as cell delivery systems. Biomimetic injectable hydrogels can simulate the native tissue microenvironment by providing appropriate biological and chemical cues for tissue regeneration. A biomimetic injectable hydrogel using amnion membrane (AM) was developed which can self-assemble in situ and retain the stem cells at the target site. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of intraarticular injections of AM hydrogels with and without ADSCs in reducing inflammation and cartilage degeneration in a collagenase-induced OA rat model. A week after the induction of OA, rats were treated with control (phosphate-buffered saline), ADSCs, AM gel, and AM-ADSCs. Inflammation and cartilage regeneration was evaluated by joint swelling, analysis of serum by cytokine profiling and Raman spectroscopy, gross appearance, and histology. Both AM and ADSC possess antiinflammatory and chondroprotective properties to target the sites of inflammation in an osteoarthritic joint, thereby reducing the inflammation-mediated damage to the articular cartilage. The present study demonstrated the potential of AM hydrogel to foster cartilage tissue regeneration, a comparable regenerative effect of AM hydrogel and ADSCs, and the synergistic antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of AM and ADSC to regenerate cartilage tissue in a rat OA model.

Multiferroic particulate composites have been fabricated by taking the morphotropic phase boundary composition of ferroelectric phase Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3 and magnetic phase (Ni,Zn)Fe2O4. The ferroelectric phase has coexisting monoclinic and tetragonal perovskite structures with space group Pm and P4mm, respectively whereas the magnetic phase has spinel cubic structure with space group Fd 3 ‾ m. Rietveld structural analysis for the each components of composite reveals that the tetragonality (c/a) of the ferroelectric phase continuously increases with increasing the concentration of magnetic phase and finally transform in rhombohedral (R 3 ‾ c) phase suggesting partial ionic diffusion between ferroelectric and magnetic phases. Composition dependent Mossbauer spectra of (1-x)Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3/x(Ni,Zn)Fe2O4 reveals the superparamagnetic like behavior for the ferroelectric rich composition with x = 0.2. The magnetic ordering increases for the composition with x = 0.4 and 0.6 which completely transforms into ferrimagnetic for the composition with x = 0.9. Unlike the ferroelectric or magnetic components that do not exhibit the magnetoelectric response separately, significant value of magnetoelectric coefficient (> 30 mV/Oe-cm) in (1-x)Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3/xNi0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 composite makes it promising for multifunctional applications.

A novel low input and high output resistance current mirror using class-AB FVF cell is presented in this paper. In the proposed current mirror, class-AB cascoded FVF cell acts as a current sensing cell and results in low input resistance of the proposed current mirror. The proposed current mirror uses a regulated cascode output stage to enhance its output resistance. The various other advantages offered by the proposed current mirror are large current mirroring range with high accuracy, low THD, and wide bandwidth. The physical layout of the proposed current mirror has been designed in the Cadence tool. The post-layout simulation results have also been demonstrated to validate its performance.

In this paper, new memristor-less meminductor emulators have been proposed using voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) and a grounded capacitor. The proposed decremental/incremental meminductor emulators have been realized in both grounded and floating types of configurations. In the proposed meminductor emulators, analog multiplier, memristor and passive resistors are not used which result in simpler configurations. The pinched hysteresis loops are maintained up to 2[Formula: see text]MHz for both decremental and incremental configurations of meminductor emulators. The behaviors of decremental and incremental meminductor emulators have been analyzed after applying input pulses. The obtained results verify the performances as decremental and incremental meminductor emulators. The simulation results have been obtained using Mentor Graphics Eldo simulation tool with 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology parameters. To verify the performances of the proposed meminductor emulators, adaptive learning circuit and chaotic oscillator have been designed. The performances of the proposed meminductor emulators are compared with other meminductor emulators reported in the literature.