18 results on '"Rio, Pierluigi"'
Search Results
2. Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Sex Differences in Neuroinflammation
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Caldarelli, Mario, primary, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Marrone, Andrea, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Chiantore, Monica, additional, Candelli, Marcello, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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3. Pollutants, microbiota and immune system: frenemies within the gut
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Rio, Pierluigi, primary, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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4. Inflammaging: The Next Challenge—Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota, Environmental Factors, and Sex Differences.
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Caldarelli, Mario, Rio, Pierluigi, Marrone, Andrea, Giambra, Vincenzo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, and Cianci, Rossella
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GUT microbiome ,SPECIES diversity ,DRUG therapy ,IMMUNOSENESCENCE ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
The term 'inflammaging' has been coined to describe the chronic state of inflammation derived from ongoing cycles of tissue damage and the subsequent immune responses. This inflammatory status contributes to the decline of organs and physiological functions, accelerates the aging process, and increases the risk of age-related illnesses and death. During aging, the gut microbiota (GM) undergoes significant changes, including a decreased diversity of species, a decline in beneficial bacteria, and a rise in proinflammatory ones, resulting in persistent low-grade inflammation. Moreover, environmental factors, such as diet and medications, contribute to age-related changes in GM and immune function, preventing or promoting inflammaging. This narrative review aims to clarify the underlying mechanisms of inflammaging and to specifically investigate the influence of GM and several environmental factors on these mechanisms, while also exploring potential differences related to sex. Moreover, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions will be suggested to promote healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective
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Rio, Pierluigi, primary, Caldarelli, Mario, additional, Chiantore, Monica, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Candelli, Marcello, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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6. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective
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Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Chiantore, Monica, Ocarino, Francesca, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Pierluigi Rio, Mario Caldarelli, Monica Chiantore, Francesca Ocarino, Marcello Candelli (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Antonio Gasbarrini (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Giovanni Gambassi (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Rossella Cianci (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Chiantore, Monica, Ocarino, Francesca, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Pierluigi Rio, Mario Caldarelli, Monica Chiantore, Francesca Ocarino, Marcello Candelli (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Antonio Gasbarrini (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Giovanni Gambassi (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Rossella Cianci (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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- 2024
7. The Impact of Climate Change on Immunity and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Disease.
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Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, and Cianci, Rossella
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CLIMATE change & health ,GUT microbiome ,CLIMATE change ,SOLAR cycle ,POLLUTANTS ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
According to the definition provided by the United Nations, "climate change" describes the persistent alterations in temperatures and weather trends. These alterations may arise naturally, such as fluctuations in the solar cycle. Nonetheless, since the 19th century, human activities have emerged as the primary agent for climate change, primarily attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Climate change can potentially influence the well-being, agricultural production, housing, safety, and employment opportunities for all individuals. The immune system is an important interface through which global climate change affects human health. Extreme heat, weather events and environmental pollutants could impair both innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting inflammation and genomic instability, and increasing the risk of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, climate change has an impact on both soil and gut microbiome composition, which can further explain changes in human health outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the influence of climate change on human health and disease, focusing specifically on its effects on the immune system and gut microbiota. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development of physical and mental illness may allow for the design of strategies aimed at reducing the negative impact of climate and pollution on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity
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Giambra, Vincenzo, primary, Pagliari, Danilo, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Totti, Beatrice, additional, Di Nunzio, Chiara, additional, Bosi, Annalisa, additional, Giaroni, Cristina, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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9. Gut–Kidney–Heart: A Novel Trilogy
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Caldarelli, Mario, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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10. Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go
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Ponziani, Francesca Romana, primary, Coppola, Gaetano, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Caldarelli, Mario, additional, Borriello, Raffaele, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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11. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Admitted during Delta and Omicron Waves in Italy
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Cianci, Rossella, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Pignataro, Giulia, additional, Massaro, Maria Grazia, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Tota, Antonio, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, additional, Franceschi, Francesco, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Candelli, Marcello, additional
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- 2023
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12. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Admitted during Delta and Omicron Waves in Italy
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Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Pignataro, Giulia, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Rio, Pierluigi, Tota, Antonio, Ocarino, Francesca, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, Franceschi, Francesco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Candelli, Marcello, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Candelli, Marcello (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Pignataro, Giulia, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Rio, Pierluigi, Tota, Antonio, Ocarino, Francesca, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, Franceschi, Francesco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Candelli, Marcello, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Candelli, Marcello (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880)
- Abstract
All-cause mortality related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection has declined from the first wave to subsequent waves, probably through vaccination programs and the availability of effective antiviral therapies. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the prognosis of infected patients. Overall, we enrolled 545 subjects during the Delta variant wave and 276 ones during the Omicron variant wave. Data were collected concerning vaccination status, clinical parameters, comorbidities, lung involvement, laboratory parameters, and pharmacological treatment. Outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 30-day all-cause mortality. Overall, the final sample included 821 patients with a mean age of 62 +/- 18 years [range 18-100], and 59% were men. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over 3/4 with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. ICU admissions were significantly higher during the Delta wave than during Omicron (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1), while all-cause mortality did not differ. Unvaccinated patients had a higher risk of ICU admission (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1) and 30-day all-cause mortality (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.7). Results were consistent for both Delta and Omicron variants. Overall, vaccination with at least two doses was associated with a reduced need for ICU admission. Even one shot of the vaccine was associated with a significantly reduced 30-day mortality.
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- 2023
13. Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go
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Ponziani, Francesca Romana, Coppola, Gaetano, Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, M., Borriello, Raffaele, Gambassi, Giovanni, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Cianci, Rossella, Ponziani F. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-5924-6238), Coppola G., Rio P., Borriello R., Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Ponziani, Francesca Romana, Coppola, Gaetano, Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, M., Borriello, Raffaele, Gambassi, Giovanni, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Cianci, Rossella, Ponziani F. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-5924-6238), Coppola G., Rio P., Borriello R., Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity still represents an unmet need in specific populations, such as people from developing countries and “edge populations”. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as the environment, age, and dietary habits, influence cellular and humoral immune responses. The human microbiota represents a potential key to understanding how these factors impact the immune response to vaccination, with its modulation being a potential step to address vaccine immunogenicity. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the intricate interactions between the microbiota and the immune system in response to vaccines, highlighting the state of the art in gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic approach to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity and laying the foundation for future, more solid data for its translation to the clinical practice.
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- 2023
14. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity
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Giambra, V., Pagliari, D., Rio, Pierluigi, Totti, B., Di Nunzio, C., Bosi, A., Giaroni, C., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Giambra, V., Pagliari, D., Rio, Pierluigi, Totti, B., Di Nunzio, C., Bosi, A., Giaroni, C., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called ‘leaky gut’. Subsequently, an activation of several inflammatory pathways and an alteration of gut microbiota composition with a proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria, known as ‘pathobionts’, take place, leading to a further increase in inflammation. This narrative review provides an overview on the principal Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), focusing on their recognition mechanisms, signaling pathways, and contributions to immune responses. We also report the genetic polymorphisms of TLRs and dysregulation of NLR signaling pathways that can influence immune regulation and contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory disease and cancer.
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- 2023
15. Role of nutrients in modulating microbiota and immunity in COVID-19 disease
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Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Rio, Pierluigi, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Caldarelli, M., Frank, G., Della-Morte, D., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Lorenzo, A., Franza, Laura, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Massaro M. G., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Franza L., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Rio, Pierluigi, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Caldarelli, M., Frank, G., Della-Morte, D., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Lorenzo, A., Franza, Laura, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Massaro M. G., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Franza L., and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
COVID-19 is a novel disease with a broad range of clinical patterns. Several patients show dysbiosis in the intestinal tract, with evidence of reduced beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. It is well established that human gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with several clinical conditions, including respiratory tract diseases due to the gut-lung axis. This narrative review discusses the role of nutrients in the relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, we will focus on the benefits offered by vitamins and micronutrients on different aspects of COVID-19 disease while also discussing which diets seem to provide the most advantages.
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- 2023
16. Gut–Kidney–Heart: A Novel Trilogy
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Caldarelli, M., Franza, Laura, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Franza L., Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Caldarelli, M., Franza, Laura, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Franza L., Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
The microbiota represents a key factor in determining health and disease. Its role in inflammation and immunological disorders is well known, but it is also involved in several complex conditions, ranging from neurological to psychiatric, from gastrointestinal to cardiovascular diseases. It has recently been hypothesized that the gut microbiota may act as an intermediary in the close interaction between kidneys and the cardiovascular system, leading to the conceptualization of the “gut–kidney–heart” axis. In this narrative review, we will discuss the impact of the gut microbiota on each system while also reviewing the available data regarding the axis itself. We will also describe the role of gut metabolites in this complex interplay, as well as potential therapeutical perspectives.
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- 2023
17. Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought
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Di Renzo, Laura, Franza, Laura, Monsignore, Diego, Esposito, Ernesto, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, De Lorenzo, Antonino, Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Di Renzo, Laura, Franza, Laura, Monsignore, Diego, Esposito, Ernesto, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, De Lorenzo, Antonino, Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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- 2022
18. Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought
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Di Renzo, Laura, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Monsignore, Diego, additional, Esposito, Ernesto, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, and De Lorenzo, Antonino, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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