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The purpose of implementing classroom action research activities is to provide an explanation of the process of implementing class visits as an effort to improve the ability of Civics Subject Teachers using learning teaching aids. This research method is Classroom Action Research with four main steps, namely: action planning, action implementation, observation and reflection. The results showed that the ability of teachers in learning planning using learning aids in the initial condition only reached an average number of 57.58 with less criteria and the first cycle increased to 68.18 in sufficient criteria and in the last cycle to 80.30 in very good criteria, and individually per teacher in the initial condition no teacher was declared complete, increased to 5 teachers or 45.45% and in the last cycle to 100%, and the ability of teachers in the implementation of learning using learning aids in the initial condition only reached an average of 59.22 with less criteria and the first cycle increased to 69.57 in sufficient criteria and in the last cycle to 84.22 in very good criteria, and individually per teacher in the initial condition no teacher was declared complete, increased to 45.45% and in the last cycle to 100%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Kelas VIII SMP Swasta Cerdas Mandiri melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Jigsaw. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Berdasarkan analisis data dalam penelitian ini bahwa penerapan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan individual siswa dan ketuntasan klasikal siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw juga dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 yaitu 68,33 dengan prosentase ketuntasan sebesar 13,89% dan meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 85,28 dengan prosentase ketuntasan sebesar 100%. Demikian juga dengan rata-rata sikap siswa pada siklus 1 ialah 51,33 dan meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 84,78. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

We report two cases of acute renal failure in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans treated by intravenous infusion of naftidrofuryl oxalate. At renal biopsy the histological lesions were identical with those found in ARF due to hyperoxaluria of other causes, revealing tubular epithelial necrosis and massive intra-tubular precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (Cl) crystals. A second study was then conducted in four other patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans to evaluate serum and urinary levels of oxalate, and crystalluria during the intravenous administration of 800 mg of naftidrofuryl oxalate per day for 10 days. During the course of treatment, the serum and urinary oxalate levels were found to increase substantially, with the gradual onset of massive Cl crystalluria. These results indicate that naftidrofuryl oxalate was responsible for the acute renal failure in the first two patients. High intravenous doses of naftidrofuryl oxalate must be used cautiously, with close surveillance of renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To investigate the ability of microalgae to develop stable, long-term resistance to herbicides, the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica was exposed to the herbicide diuron (5 μg/L) for a 43-generation exposure period followed by a 12-generation depuration phase. During the first 25 generations, diuron-exposed cultures showed doubling times ranging from 1.95 to 2.6 days, which was 2 to 2.5-fold longer than control cultures. Between generations 25 and 38, during diuron exposure, two out of the three exposed cultures exhibited a spontaneous drop in doubling time. These results provided evidence of culture adaptation to diuron. To assess persistence of the diuron adaptation observed on growth performance, one of the adapted cultures (D3) was maintained for 12 months in unexposed conditions and then tested by a second, short-term exposure to diuron 5 μg/L, in parallel with a control culture (C1) for six generations. Flow cytometry analyses were used to monitor cell density, viability, morphology, relative chlorophyll content and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Under these conditions, diuron induced a strong increase of doubling time in exposed-C1 cultures (2.5-fold longer than unexposed-C1 cultures), but no significant increase occurred in exposed D3-cultures compared with unexposed D3- and unexposed C1-cultures, showing the persistence of adaptation in the previously-exposed strain D3. Intracellular ROS level showed the same trend. Significant differences were observed between these strains, with weaker effects of diuron on strain D3 compared with strain C1: forward scatter (FSC), representing relative cell size, decreased in exposed cultures (67.8% and 95% of the controls for C1 and D3, respectively), whereas FL3 as relative chlorophyll content increased in exposed cultures (115.6% and 108.6% of the controls for C1 and D3, respectively). Results of second exposure to diuron revealed that the adaptation of strain D3 had persisted after 12 months of depuration, as no growth impairment was observed. This study demonstrates the possible appearance of stable diuron resistance in microalgae in cases of strong, multigenerational chronic exposure to this herbicide in polluted environments., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The number of elderly (≥75 years) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased markedly, including in the Limousin region, which has the oldest population in France. We retrospectively compared outcomes in elderly and non-elderly ESRD patients who started dialysis during two time periods., Methods: Baseline clinical characteristics, care, and survival rates were assessed in 557 ESRD patients aged ≥75 and <75 years who started dialysis in 2002-2004 and 2005-2007. Survival curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess survival and factors associated with survival., Results: Of the 557 patients, 343 and 214 were <75 years and ≥75 years, respectively. Dialysis was started in 2002-2004 and 2005-2007 by 197 and 146 patients <75 years, respectively, and by 96 and 118 patients ≥75 years, respectively. Median age (73.4 years [interquartile range [IQR] 61.7-79.5 years] vs 69.5 years [IQR 57.4-77.4 years] p = 0.001) and the proportion aged ≥75 years (44.7% vs 32.8%, p = 0.004) were significantly higher in 2005-2007 than in 2002-2004. Improved initial status during 2005-2007 was observed only in patients ≥75 years, with a decrease in some co-morbidities, improved walking and better preparation for dialysis. Mortality rates were significantly lower in 2005-2007 than in 2002-2004 (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.69-0.95; p = 0.008), with the difference due to factors associated with clinical status and care., Conclusions: Improved initial clinical status and better preparation for dialysis, accompanied by increased survival, were observed for patients ≥75 years who started dialysis more recently, perhaps because of early referral to a nephrologist.

The presence and migration of stones in the urinary tract are the consequences of lithiasis, a pathological process whose evolutive potential determines the frequency of recurrence. The stones produce haematuria and above all obstruction which manifests itself by pain and may be complicated by infection. The most suggestive type of pain is renal colic, but other revealing manifestations may occur. Such signs require radiological exploration with plain X-ray of the abdomen, renal ultrasonography and intravenous urography. These three indispensable examinations complete each other, provide the diagnosis and in the vast majority of cases point to the appropriate treatment. The haemodynamic repercussions of urinary tract obstruction have been thoroughly documented and now form the basis of treatment of renal colic with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Obstruction and infection are the causes of all complications of urinary stones. Their management has been facilitated by recent advances in urology and should prevent the disease from destroying the kidneys and eventually causing chronic renal insufficiency.

Various analytical methods are available to help identify the presence of drugs in urinary calculi. Using infrared spectrophotometric analysis, nonmetabolized flumequine was identified in a protein calculus from a patient who had taken the drug for a urinary tract infection. Free flumequine can precipitate in an acidic environment.