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Introdução: Pacientes com HIV têm uma prevalência de osteopenia ou osteoporose densitométrica que varia de 28% a 50%, em comparação com os esperados 16% na população em geral. Tal ocorrência foi medida anteriormente e perdura até os dias de hoje. Foi constatado que esses pacientes apresentam alterações significativas nos marcadores bioquímicos da atividade metabólica óssea. Objetivo: Frente às alterações adversas encontradas na estrutura óssea em pacientes HIV+ e fazendo uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) relatados em vários sítios do corpo humano, comparar na linha do tempo, a continuidade da perda óssea até os dias de hoje. Método: Estudo transversal com orientação analítico-descritiva desenvolvido numa amostra de 120 indivíduos, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, entre 20 e 70 anos de idade, dos quais 60 com sorologia positiva para o HIV, e 60 com sorologia negativa. Foram digitalizadas as radiografias panorâmicas, e as imagens foram submetidas a mensurações lineares e angulares; posterior análise estatística. Revisão de literatura atual comparativa. Resultados: : O osso cortical apresentou diminuição da espessura na região antegoníaca e região do forame mentual, com diminuição significante em indivíduos HIV+ tratados com TARV, na região da profundidade antegoníaca, indo de acordo com estudos publicados e referendados. O estudo demonstrou a validade de medições em radiografias panorâmicas da espessura da cortical da mandíbula, especialmente em regiões como a do forame mentual e profundidade antegoníaca. Observou-se que há correlação positiva e significante entre as medidas da profundidade goníaca para os grupos HIV+ (1,41) e HIV- (1,38) com discrepância entre as medidas para o lado direito (0,09) e esquerdo (0,02) e entre as medidas do índice goníaco para os grupos HIV+ (1,52) e HIV- (1,47) com discrepância entre as medidas para o lado direito (0,01) e esquerdo (0,08). Conclusão: Ficou evidenciada a presença de reabsorção óssea mais acentuada na região da cortical mandibular nos indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV, em diversos estágios de aids, em tratamento com TARV do que em indivíduos sorologicamente negativos ao vírus passíveis de reabsorção fisiológica. Na linha do tempo resultados confirmatórios de reabsorção óssea em pacientes utilizando TARV comparativamente se mantêm até os dias atuais.

Summary: Background: Increased pediatric COVID-19 occurrence due to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns about the effectiveness of existing vaccines. The protection provided by the SOBERANA-02-Plus vaccination scheme against this variant has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate the scheme's effectiveness against symptomatic Omicron infection and severe disease in children. Methods: In September 2021, Cuba implemented a mass pediatric immunization with the heterologous SOBERANA-02-Plus scheme: 2 doses of conjugated SOBERANA-02 followed by a heterologous SOBERANA-Plus dose. By December, before the Omicron outbreak, 95.4% of 2–18 years-old had been fully immunized. During the entire Omicron wave, we conducted a nationwide longitudinal post-vaccination case-population study to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of the SOBERANA-02-Plus scheme against symptomatic infection and severe disease in children without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identification of COVID-19 cases relied on surveillance through first line services, which refer clinical suspects to pediatric hospitals where they are diagnosed based on a positive RT-PCR test. We defined the Incidence Rate ratio (IRR) as IRvaccinated age group/IRunvaccinated 1-year-old and calculated vaccine effectiveness as VE = (1—IRR)∗100%. 24 months of age being the ‘eligible for vaccination’ cut-off, we used a regression discontinuity approach to estimate effectiveness by contrasting incidence in all unvaccinated 1-year-old versus vaccinated 2-years-old. Estimates in the vaccinated 3–11 years-old are reported from a descriptive perspective. Findings: We included 1,098,817 fully vaccinated 2–11 years-old and 98,342 not vaccinated 1-year-old children. During the 24-week Omicron wave, there were 7003/26,241,176 person-weeks symptomatic COVID-19 infections in the vaccinated group (38.2 per 105 person-weeks in 2-years-old and 25.5 per 105 person-weeks in 3–11 years-old) against 3577/2,312,273 (154.7 per 105 person-weeks) in the unvaccinated group. The observed overall vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection was 75.3% (95% CI, 73.5–77.0%) in 2-years-old children, and 83.5% (95% CI, 82.8–84.2%) in 3–11 years-old. It was somewhat lower during Omicron BA.1 then during Omicron BA.2 variant circulation, which took place 1–3 and 4–6 months after the end of the vaccination campaign. The effectiveness against severe symptomatic disease was 100.0% (95% CI not estimated) and 94.6% (95% CI, 82.0–98.6%) in the respective age groups. No child death from COVID-19 was observed. Interpretation: Immunization of 2–11 years-old with the SOBERANA-02-Plus scheme provided strong protection against symptomatic and severe disease caused by the Omicron variant, which was sustained during the six months post-vaccination follow-up. Our results contrast with the observations in previous real-world vaccine effectiveness studies in children, which might be explained by the type of immunity a conjugated protein-based vaccine induces and the vaccination strategy used. Funding: National Fund for Science and Technology (FONCI-CITMA-Cuba).

Abstract The spore wall of Riccia plano-biconvexa, R. fruchartii, R. cavernosa, R. stenophylla, and R. curtisii was analyzed using light microscopy. The study involved cytochemical analysis to distinguish the different layers of the sporoderm and assess their chemical composition. In all the species studied, the sporoderm was found to have a tri-layered exine, consisting of a lamellar exine 1 that forms ridges and depressions, an intermediate exine 2, and a thick and generally discontinuous exine 3. Cytochemical studies indicated that exine 1 and 2 are composed of sporopollenin, while exine 3 is a mixture of sporopollenin and polysaccharides. The intine, on the other hand, is the only layer that is purely cellulosic and contains pectins. Based on the chemical composition and structural organization, exine 1 and 2 can be categorized as ectexine while exine 3 corresponds to an endexine. We emphasize the importance of using cytochemical tests to study the spore wall in liverworts and other bryophytes.

Abstract Dyckia, belonging to the Bromeliaceae, consists of species that share several morphological similarities. Recently, a proposal has grouped 13 species of the genus into a “D. selloa complex” based on their limited geographical distribution and seed characteristics. However, further investigation is required to gain a better understanding of this grouping. This study aimed to analyze the pollen grain morphology of the grouped species. The analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as light microscopy equipped with bright field and fluorescence optics. Various structures were measured. The pollen grains are heteropolar, oblate, and range in size from small to medium. They possess a simple sulcus type and exhibit a sexine (composed of tectum and infratectum columellate) and a nexine 1. Different patterns of ornamentation were identified, including reticulate, microreticulate, reticulate with free granules, reticulate with a partially discontinuous reticulum, and reticulate with a discontinuous reticulum. The aperture margin of some species differs from the described characteristics for the genus (Puya type) and is referred to here as the “Other” type. The results align with existing data for the genus Dyckia and contribute to understanding the pollen morphology within the genus and the studied group. The data obtained in this study, along with the observed variations, could facilitate a better understanding of the “D. selloa complex”.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Serological tests are auxiliary in the diagnosis of PCM. However, the lack of standardization is a central problem in serodiagnosis and antibody titration. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for predicting antibody titers in patients with PCM. A total of 118 serum samples from patients with PCM were included, for which antibody titration using double immunodiffusion (DID) was previously performed. Serum samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR and a supervised analysis with partial least squares regression (PLS) was used to predict the antibody titers. The PLS model with two latent variables and with the use of one orthogonal signal correction (OSC) showed a determination coefficient (R2) higher than 0.9999 for both the calibration and prediction set. The model was able to predict the antibody titers from patients with PCM with a minimal error. Therefore, modeling with FTIR/ATR and multivariate calibration proved to be a fast and highly accurate method for antibody titration, replacing the need for antigen production and performance of traditional serological tests.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia detected by lateral flow assay (LFA) in AIDS patients and its accuracy in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Conducted at a university hospital in Brazil from March 2015 to July 2017, it included AIDS patients over 18 years old with a CD4+ count ≤ 200 cells/mm3. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) detection using LFA and latex agglutination (LA), along with blood and urine cultures, were performed. The reference standard was the identification of Cryptococcus spp. in clinical specimens through microbiological or histopathological examination. Among 230 patients, the prevalence of CrAg detected by LFA (CrAg LFA) was 13.0%. Factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia included fever, vomiting, seizures, and a lack of antiretroviral therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of CrAg LFA were 83.9% and 98.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 86.7%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.5%, and overall accuracy was 96.1%. Cross-reactions were observed in patients with histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidmycosis, but not with aspergillosis or positive rheumatoid factor. The study concludes that the LFA is a useful tool for detecting cryptococcal antigenemia in severely immunocompromised AIDS patients due to its high NPV, specificity, and PPV.

Blood count is crucial for assessing bone marrow’s cell production and differentiation during infections, gaging disease severity, and monitoring therapeutic responses. The profile of blood count in chronic forms of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) has been insufficiently explored. To better understand the changes in hematological cells in different stages of the PCM chronic form, we evaluated the blood count, including immature blood cells in automated equipment, before and during the treatment follow-up of 62 chronic PCM patients. Predominantly male (96.8%) with an average age of 54.3 (standard deviation SD 6.9) years, participants exhibited pre-treatment conditions such as anemia (45.2%), monocytosis (38.7%), and leukocytosis (17.7%), which became less frequent after clinical cure. Anemia was more prevalent in severe cases. Notably, hemoglobin and reticulocyte hemoglobin content increased, while leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, immature granulocytes, and platelets decreased. Chronic PCM induced manageable hematological abnormalities, mainly in the red blood series. Monocytosis, indicating monocytes’ role in PCM’s immune response, was frequent. Post-treatment, especially after achieving clinical cure, significant improvements were observed in various hematological indices, including immature granulocytes and reticulocyte hemoglobin content, underscoring the impact of infection on these parameters.

Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA® Plus contra el coronavirus tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, recibieron autorización de uso en emergencia por la autoridad reguladora de Cuba, y de inmediato aconteció una campaña de vacunación masiva en población pediátrica, lo que devino en una inminente movilización de centros de vacunación y vigilancia de sus eventos adversos. El Centro de Inmunología Molecular realizó un estudio de farmacovigilancia intensiva que evalúo el cumplimiento del esquema heterólogo con ambas vacunas, su seguridad y la incidencia de casos positivos a COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes después de completar el esquema de inmunización. Desde el 15 de septiembre al 31 de diciembre del 2021, participaron 529 sujetos entre 2 y 18 años de edad, de ambos sexos, sin antecedentes de infección por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, procedentes de 35 municipios y 12 provincias cubanas, quienes recibieron vacuna SOBERANA®02 (dos dosis) y SOBERANA®Plus (una dosis). Se realizó vigilancia de eventos adversos hasta 30 días después de la última dosis recibida. Se consultó la plataforma informática nacional Higia Andariego para identificar los casos positivos al virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2, hasta 3 meses de haber completado la vacunación. El 98,5% de los participantes completó el esquema de vacunación y en el 6,6% se notificó algún evento adverso con relación consistente a la vacunación. Predominaron las reacciones locales (dolor, eritema, inflamación), sobre las reacciones sistémicas (fatiga y febrícula), de intensidad ligera o moderada. Se logró un elevado cumplimiento del esquema de inmunización, con un perfil de seguridad favorable, los sujetos con esquema completo de inmunización no enfermaron de COVID-19.

Objectives: To evaluate a heterologous vaccination scheme in children 3-18 years old (y/o) combining two SARS-CoV-2r- receptor binding domain (RBD)protein vaccines. Methods: A phase I/II open-label, adaptive, and multicenter trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of FINLAY-FR-2 (subsequently called SOBERANA 02) and the third heterologous dose of FINLAY-FR-1A (subsequently called SOBERANA Plus) in 350 children 3-18 y/o in Havana Cuba. Primary outcomes were safety (phase I) and safety/immunogenicity (phase II) measured by anti-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig)G enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), molecular and live-virus neutralization titers, and specific T-cells response. A comparison with adult immunogenicity and predictions of efficacy were made based on immunological results. Results: Local pain was the unique adverse event with frequency >10%, and none was serious neither severe. Two doses of FINLAY-FR-2 elicited a humoral immune response similar to natural infection; the third dose with FINLAY-FR-1A increased the response in all children, similar to that achieved in vaccinated young adults. The geometric mean (GMT) neutralizing titer was 173.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 131.7; 229.5) vs Alpha, 142 (95% CI 101.3; 198.9) vs Delta, 24.8 (95% CI 16.8; 36.6) vs Beta and 99.2 (95% CI 67.8; 145.4) vs Omicron. Conclusion: The heterologous scheme was safe and immunogenic in children 3-18 y/o. Trial registry: https://rpcec.sld.cu/trials/RPCEC00000374

The incidence of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) varies in Latin America, and it is influenced by environmental factors. This study evaluated the distribution of PCM acute/subacute form (AF) cases and their correlation with geoclimatic factors in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state. The study included 81 patients diagnosed with the PCM/AF at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul between January 1980 and February 2022. Geographic coordinates, health microregion of patient’s residence, compensated average temperature, relative air humidity (RH), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and average global temperature were analyzed. The highest incidence was observed in the Aquidauana (7/100,000 inhabitants), while Campo Grande, the state’s capital, had the highest number (n = 34; 42.4%) and density (4.4 cases/km2) of cases. The number of cases increased during extended periods of the El Niño phenomenon. A positive correlation was found between higher RH and PCM/AF cases. Most PCM/AF cases were found in areas with loamy soils and RH ranging from 60.8 to 73.6%. In MS, the health microregions of PCM/AF patients are characterized by deforestation for agricultural and pasture use, coupled with loamy soils and specific climatic phenomena leading to higher soil humidity.

Introduction: This study standardized a semi-quantitative dot blotting assay (DB) and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect specific antibodies for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its DNA in PCM patients. Methodology: We evaluated 42 confirmed PCM patients upon admission using a serological double agar gel immunodiffusion test (DID), DB, and molecular tests (qPCR in total blood). The control groups included 42 healthy individuals and 37 patients with other infectious diseases. The serological progress during treatment was evaluated in eight patients, and there was a relapse diagnosis in ten patients using the Pb B.339 strain antigen. The cut-off points for the serological tests were determined by a receiver operator characteristic curve. Results: The DB and DID tests showed similar accuracy, but the DB identified lower antibody concentrations. Cross-reactions were absent in the DB assay. In the relapse diagnoses, DB exhibited much higher sensitivity (90%) than DID (30%). Conclusions: A DB assay is easier and faster than a DID test to be performed; DB and DID tests show the same accuracy, while blood qPCR is not recommended in the diagnosis at the time of admission; cross-reactions were not observed with other systemic diseases; DB and DID tests are useful for treatment monitoring PCM patients; and a DB assay is the choice for diagnosing relapse. These findings support the introduction of semi-quantitative DB assays in clinical laboratories.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis that is diagnosed by visualizing the fungus in clinical samples or by other methods, like serological techniques. However, all PCM diagnostic methods have limitations. The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool for PCM based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 224 serum samples were included: 132 from PCM patients and 92 constituting the control group (50 from healthy blood donors and 42 from patients with other systemic mycoses). Samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR) and a t-test was performed to find differences in the spectra of the two groups. The wavenumbers that had p < 0.05 had their diagnostic potential evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The spectral region with the lowest p value was used for variable selection through principal component analysis (PCA). The selected variables were used in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In univariate analysis, the ROC curves with the best performance were obtained in the region 1551–1095 cm−1. The wavenumber that had the highest AUC value was 1264 cm−1, achieving a sensitivity of 97.73%, specificity of 76.01%, and accuracy of 94.22%. The total separation of groups was obtained in the PCA performed with a spectral range of 1551–1095 cm−1. LDA performed with the eight wavenumbers with the greatest weight from the group discrimination in the PCA obtained 100% accuracy. The methodology proposed here is simple, fast, and highly accurate, proving its potential to be applied in the diagnosis of PCM. The proposed method is more accurate than the currently known diagnostic methods, which is particularly relevant for a neglected tropical mycosis such as paracoccidioidomycosis.

As a follow-up to our research on the chemistry of disubstituted ferrocene derivatives, the synthesis and the structure of the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C15H19N)]I·CH2Cl2, is described. The cation molecule is built up from a ferrocene disubstituted by a trimethylammonium methyl group and a phenyl ring. The asymmetric unit contains the iodide to equilibrate the charge and a disordered dichloromethane solvate. The disordered model results from a roughly statistical exchange (0.6/0.4) between one Cl and one H. The packing of the structure is stabilized by weak C—H...X (X = I, Cl), C—H...π(Cp) and C—Cl...π(phenyl) interactions, building a three-dimensional network. The cation has planar chirality with Sp(Fc) absolute configuration. The structure of the title compound is compared with related disubstituted (trimethylammonio)methyl ferrocenes.

Abstract NAC transcription factors are plant-specific proteins involved in many processes during the plant life cycle and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous studies have shown that stress-induced OsNAC5 from rice (Oryza sativa L.) is up-regulated by senescence and might be involved in control of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice seeds. Aiming a better understanding of the role of OsNAC5 in rice plants, we investigated a mutant line carrying a T-DNA insertion in the promoter of OsNAC5, which resulted in enhanced expression of the transcription factor. Plants with OsNAC5 enhanced expression were shorter at the seedling stage and had reduced yield at maturity. In addition, we evaluated the expression level of OsNAC6, which is co-expressed with OsNAC5, and found that enhanced expression of OsNAC5 leads to increased expression of OsNAC6, suggesting that OsNAC5 might regulate OsNAC6 expression. Ionomic analysis of leaves and seeds from the OsNAC5 enhanced expression line revealed lower Fe and Zn concentrations in leaves and higher Fe concentrations in seeds than in WT plants, further suggesting that OsNAC5 may be involved in regulating the ionome in rice plants. Our work shows that fine-tuning of transcription factors is key when aiming at crop improvement.

(1) Background: In children, SARS-CoV-2 infection is mostly accompanied by mild COVID-19 symptoms. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and long-term sequelae are often severe complications. Therefore, the protection of the pediatric population against SARS-CoV-2 with effective vaccines is particularly important. Here, we compare the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in children (n = 15, aged 5–11 years) vaccinated with the RBD-based vaccines SOBERANA® 02 and SOBERANA® Plus combined in a heterologous scheme with those from children (n = 10, aged 4–11 years) who recovered from mild symptomatic COVID-19. (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken 14 days after the last dose for vaccinated children and 45–60 days after the infection diagnosis for COVID-19 recovered children. Anti-RBD IgG and ACE2-RBD inhibition were assessed by ELISA; IgA, cytokines, and cytotoxic-related proteins were determined by multiplex assays. Total B and T cell subpopulations and IFN-γ release were measured by multiparametric flow cytometry using a large panel of antibodies after in vitro stimulation with S1 peptides. (3) Results: Significant higher levels of specific anti-RBD IgG and IgA and ACE2-RBD inhibition capacity were found in vaccinated children in comparison to COVID-19 recovered children. Th1-like and Th2-like CD4+ T cells were also significantly higher in vaccinated subjects. IFN-γ secretion was higher in central memory CD4+ T cells of COVID-19 recovered children, but no differences between both groups were found in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell effector, terminal effector, and naïve T cell subpopulations. In contrast to low levels of IL-4, high levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 suggest a predominant Th1 cell polarization. Cytotoxic-related proteins granzyme A and B, perforin, and granulin were also found in the supernatant after S1 stimulation in both vaccinated and recovered children. (4) Conclusions: Vaccination with the heterologous scheme of SOBERANA® 02/SOBERANA® Plus induces a stronger antibody and cellular immune response compared to natural infections in young children.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by Paracoccidioides spp.; during infection, some host mechanisms limit the availability of iron, thereby reducing its reproduction. However, Paracoccidioides spp. can evade the immune defense and, even under limited iron conditions, use this mineral for growth and dissemination. This study evaluated the iron metabolism of 39 patients who were diagnosed with chronic PCM from 2013 to 2021. The forms of iron before treatment and at the time of clinical cure were evaluated based on the following: serum ferritin levels (storage iron); total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) level (transport iron); red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels; and sTfR/log ferritin ratio (functional iron). The mean age of the patients was 54.5 years (±6.7 years). Most patients were men (97.4%), rural workers (92.1%), and smokers (84.6%); furthermore, most had moderate disease severity (66.7%). After achieving clinical cure, we observed that serum ferritin levels decreased, and parameters of functional iron increased. The extent of alteration in these parameters were more pronounced in severe cases than in to mild or moderate cases. Furthermore, moderate correlations were observed between C-reactive protein and the Hb (r = -0.500; p = 0.002), RBC (r = -0.461; p = 0.005), HCT (r = -0.514; p = 0.001), and iron levels (r = -0.491; p = 0.002). However, it is possible to infer that PCM interferes with functional and storage iron because improvements in these parameters after treatment as well as associations with disease severity were observed. PCM can lead to anemia of inflammation, which can be differentiated from iron deficiency anemia by a careful investigation of the iron form parameters.

Abstract Background: Serological evaluation performed by double agar gel immunodiffusion test (DID) is used for diagnosis, evaluation of severity, management of paracoccidioidomycosis patients, and development of new clinical studies. For these reasons, the Botucatu Medical School of UNESP maintains a serum bank at the Experimental Research Unit with patient clinical data. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and different blood matrices on the titration of circulating antibodies. Methods: The study included 207 patients with confirmed (etiology-demonstrated) or probable (serology-demonstrated) paracoccidioidomycosis, and DID was performed with culture filtrate from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis B339 as antigen. First experiment: the antibody levels were determined in serum samples from 160 patients with the chronic form and 20 with the acute/subacute form, stored at -80oC for more than six months. Second experiment: titers of 81 samples of serum and plasma with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin, from 27 patients, were compared according to matrix and effect of storage at -20oC for up to six months. Differences of titers higher than one dilution were considered discordant. Results: First experiment: test and retest presented concordant results in serum stored for up to three years, and discordant titers in low incidence in storage for four to six years but high incidence when stored for more than six years, including conversion from reagent test to non-reagent retest. Second experiment: serum, plasma-EDTA and plasma-heparin samples showed concordant titers, presenting direct correlation, with no interference of storage for up to six months. Conclusions: Storage at -80oC for up to six years has no or little influence on the serum titers determined by DID, permitting its safe use in studies depending on this parameter. The concordant titrations in different blood matrices demonstrated that the plasma can be used for immunodiffusion test in paracoccidioidomycosis, with stability for at least six months after storage at -20oC.

Abstract The lungs have great importance in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis since they are the portal of entry for the infecting fungi, the site of quiescent foci, and one of the most frequently affected organs. Although they have been the subject of many studies with different approaches, the severity classification of the pulmonary involvement, using imaging procedures, has not been carried out yet. This study aimed to classify the active and the residual pulmonary damage using radiographic and tomographic evaluations, according to the area involved and types of lesions.

Introdução: Infecções invasivas por fungos do gênero Aspergillus (AI) representam um crescente problema nos hospitais, devido ao aumento da população susceptível, tais como pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas sob neutropenia, transplantados de células tronco hematopoiéticas, transplantados de órgãos sólidos, portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e pacientes sob cuidados intensivos. O ambiente hospitalar pode ser uma importante fonte de contaminação para estes pacientes de forma que um melhor conhecimento sobre esta questão pode contribuir para o controle da AI nos hospitais. Objetivo: Avaliar a carga fúngica de Aspergillus spp isolados do ar de setores do hospital e associar com fatores climáticos. Método: Entre 2021 e 2022, foram coletadas amostras de ar, nas quatro estações do ano, de unidades de internação (UIN) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP onde são hospitalizados pacientes susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de AI. No mesmo momento da coleta foi realizado medida de temperatura e umidade locais. Os fungos foram isolados e submetidos a contagem, em unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC), bem como a identificação fenotípica. A contagem foi apresentada em mediana, primeiro e terceiro quartis, e comparadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon e as correlações feitas pelo método de Spearman. Valores de p menores de 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: O isolamento de Aspergillus foi observado em todos os períodos do ano, sendo maior no inverno que nas demais estações do ano, que não diferiram entre si [inverno = 2,0 [1,0 – 3,0] UFC/UIN vs primavera = 0,0 [0,0 – 1,0] UFC/UIN vs verão = 0,0 [0,0 – 0,0] UFC/UIN vs outono = 0,5 [0,0 – 1,0] UFC/UIN; p < 0,01]. A espécie mais prevalente entre os isolados identificados foi A. flavus (40,0%) seguido de A. fumigatus (31,1%) e A. niger (28,9%). A. flavus foi observado predominantemente no período do inverno, onde representou 60,9% dos isolados. Houve uma correlação inversa entre a carga fúngica com temperatura (Coeficiente de Spearman = – 0,592; p < 0,01) e com umidade (Coeficiente de Spearman = – 0,645; p < 0,01). Conclusão: Estes achados chamam a atenção para o predomínio da espécie A. flavus no ambiente hospitalar e pela maior carga fúngica observada no inverno, onde há menor temperatura e umidade, o que pode representar risco mais elevado de incidência de AI.

Introdução: A candidemia é uma causa crescente de infecção da corrente sanguínea em hospitais terciários, onde são admitidos pacientes imunossuprimidos ou que dependem de ventilação assistida, nos quais é frequente o uso de antifúngicos, alimentação parenteral e cateteres. Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de agentes de candidemia em pacientes hospitalizados na América Latina. Método: A revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para avaliação de prevalência e incidência em pacientes com candidemia admitidos em hospitais da América Latina. As estratégias de busca foram realizadas nas plataformas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e EMBASE e os artigos foram avaliados em pares, de forma independente. Os resultados serão apresentados como média e intervalo de confiança 95%. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o software Stata 17. Resultados: Após remoção de duplicatas, a busca resultou em 8.072 trabalhos, 122 dos quais foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e, por fim, 70 foram incluídos para a revisão sistemática, com a análise de 12.892 isolados. A prevalência de Candida albicans foi de 39% [37% - 41%], a de C. parapsilosis 24% [22% - 26%], a de C, tropicalis 18% [16% - 20%] e a de C. glabrata 5% [5% - 6%]. O isolamento simultâneo de mais de uma espécie foi observado em apenas 21 casos. Conclusão: Os resultados preliminares revelam que a C. albicans é o agente mais prevalente de candidemia em pacientes da América Latina e que, entre as espécies não-C. albicans predomina a C. parapsilosis. Financiamento: Número de registro PROSPERO: CRD2020209566.

Introdução: A avaliação sorológica pelo teste de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar (IDD) é utilizada em diagnóstico, avaliação de gravidade e seguimento de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose-PCM. Um banco de amostras biológicas, associado ao registro de dados clínicos, permite o desenvolvimento de pesquisas em menor tempo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve dois objetivos: 1) comparar os títulos de anticorpos séricos determinados por ocasião de sua coleta (teste) e após descongelamento (reteste), avaliando a influência da estocagem a -80oC por diferentes períodos; 2) comparar os títulos obtidos em soro e plasma e avaliar a influência da estocagem a -20°C por até 6 meses. Método: O estudo foi realizado em pacientes com PCM confirmada, utilizando-se a IDD realizada com antígeno filtrado de cultura do P. brasiliensis B339. No primeiro estudo, os níveis de anticorpos foram determinados 160 amostras de soro de pacientes com a forma crônica (FC) e 20 com a forma aguda/subaguda (FA), estocados há mais de seis meses; no reteste, o executor não foi o mesmo e o antígeno não provinha da mesma amostra. No segundo estudo, foram avaliadas 81 amostras de soros e plasma com EDTA ou com heparina de 27 pacientes, com avaliação do efeito da estocagem por 6 meses; neste estudo, executor e antígeno foram os mesmos. Foram consideradas discordantes as diferenças maiores que uma diluição. Utilizaram-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Marascuilo, qui-quadrado e de Goodman, admitindo-se p ≤ 0,05 para indicar diferença significativa. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, a comparação dos títulos iniciais com os obtidos após descongelamento revelou medianas com diferença de uma diluição. Na discordância de títulos observou-se: a) presente em 30% das amostras da FA e 18% da FC (p = 0,13); b) ausente em soros estocados por até 3 anos e presente em frequência crescente com o tempo de estocagem – 3 a 6 anos e >7 anos. No segundo estudo, os títulos observados em soro, plasma-EDTA e plasma-heparina não diferiram entre si e apresentavam correlação positiva. Além disso, a estocagem por até 6 meses não interferiu nas titulações de nenhum dos espécimes avaliados. Conclusão: A estocagem a -80oC por até seis anos pouco influiu na dosagem de anticorpos séricos por IDD, permitindo sua utilização segura em estudos que dependam de sua avaliação. A concordância entre titulações realizadas em soro e plasma sugere manter o armazenamento de amostras de soro - maior simplicidade e menor custo.

Abstract Background: Cryptoccocal meningitis continues to present high incidence among AIDS patients. The treatment of choice is the synergistic combination of flucytosine (5-FC) with amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) or its lipid formulations. However, 5-FC is unavailable in many countries and AmB demands hospitalization. The combination of AmB with the fungistatic fluconazole (FLC) or the use of high FLC daily doses alone became the choice. Nonetheless, sterilization of cerebrospinal fluid is delayed with FLC monotherapy, mainly with high fungal burden. These findings suggest the search for new antifungal compounds, such as liriodenine. Methods: Liriodenine antifungal activity was evaluated by three procedures: determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on 30 strains of the Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) complex and 30 of the Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) complex, using EUCAST methodology and amphotericin B deoxycholate as control; performing the time-kill methodology in two strains of the C. neoformans complex and one of the C. gattii complex; and injury to cryptococcal cells, evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Liriodenine absorption and safety at 0.75 and 1.50 mg.kg-1 doses were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Results: Liriodenine MICs ranged from 3.9 to 62.5 μg.mL-1 for both species complexes, with no differences between them. Time-kill methodology confirmed its concentration-dependent fungicidal effect, killing all the strains below the limit of detection (33 CFU.mL-1) at the highest liriodenine concentration (32-fold MIC), with predominant activity during the first 48 hours. Liriodenine induced severe Cryptococcus alterations - cytoplasm with intense rarefaction and/or degradation, injury of organelles, and presence of vacuoles. Liriodenine was better absorbed at lower doses, with no histopathological alterations on the digestive tract. Conclusion: The fungicidal activity confirmed by time-kill methodology, the intense Cryptococcus injury observed by TEM, the absorption after gavage administration, and the safety at the tested doses indicate that the liriodenine molecule is a promising drug lead for development of anticryptococcal agents.

As a follow-up to our research on the chemistry of disubstituted ferrocene derivatives, the synthesis and the structure of the title compound, 2-(diphenylphosphinothioyl)-2-(3-oxobut-1-en-yl)ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H18OPS)], are described. The molecule is built up from a ferrocene unit disubstituted by an S-protected diphenylphosphine group and by a methylvinylketone chain. The crystal structure features weak C—H...O and C—H...S interactions, which build a two-dimensional network. This structure is compared to that of the related disubstituted diphenylphosphino ferrocene.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, including Crohns’ disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both characterized by a clinical relapsing course and an immune-mediated pathogenesis [...]

The research explores the potential of incorporating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education approach and critical thinking to enhance historical consciousness. The study employs an ex post facto quantitative method, specifically a correlational design to analyse the variables. The research population comprises 425 students from diverse backgrounds in Banten Province schools that have implemented the STEM approach. A sample size of 202 students is determined using a predefined error rate. Data collection involves tests and questionnaires assessing historical thinking skills, STEM approaches, and historical consciousness. Statistical analysis, including partial and simultaneous multiple correlation tests, reveals a significant and very strong positive relationship between STEM approach, historical thinking skills, and historical consciousness. This suggests that the interplay of these factors enhances history learning and encourages a deeper understanding of historical events, promoting critical thinking, and historical consciousness. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating STEM methodologies into history education to provide students with a holistic understanding of historical events and their societal implications. Such an approach bridges the gap between STEM and history, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting informed and empathetic citizens. Future research should explore diverse samples, employ qualitative methods, and investigate curriculum designs and teaching strategies that effectively integrate STEM and history education.

Objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a progressive disease that, left untreated, is typically fatal. The purpose of this investigation was to detect Leishmania sp. infection in hemodialysis patients who had received multiple blood transfusions at a private clinic in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Midwest Brazil. Methods: Fifty randomly selected volunteers were interviewed for collection of demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological data. Indirect immunofluorescence (titers positive when ≥1:40) and rK39 immunochromatographic tests were employed for serological investigation. Results: Males predominated (60%). Age ranged from 20 to 77 years. Most subjects reported being on hemodialysis for at least one year (94%) and 84% were candidates for kidney transplantation, 67% of whom were on the waiting list. Leishmania sp. infection was detected in 32%. Contact with infected dogs was the only variable associated with infection. Conclusions: Under immunocompromised conditions, VL is opportunistic and potentially fatal. Despite existing risks, screening for VL is not performed in asymptomatic donors and recipients. The detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in these patients reinforces the need for infection screening before immunosuppressive treatment is initiated to reduce not only the risks of VL development and severity, but also mortality rates in cases of reactivation of latent infection.

Paracoccidioides sp.—Herpes simplex virus (HSV) co-infection was not reported until now and malabsorption syndrome is a rare complication of the acute/subacute form (AF) of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), characterized by life-threatening abnormalities, such as fat and protein loss, lymphopenia, ascites, and intense immunosuppression. A 21-year-old woman presented the PCM AF with intense involvement of the abdominal and intestinal lymphoid organs, which leads to the malabsorption syndrome and severe immunosuppression. This patient developed a fatal-disseminated HSV infection associated with the paracoccidioidal disease. This case demonstrates that, in addition to the antigen-specific immunosuppression, some PCM patients can present a generalized cell-mediated immune depression and endogenous infection of latent microorganisms. On the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between PCM and HSV infection.

Carl Ritter von Ghega was proclaimed 2018 Surveyor of the Year on 21 March 2018. In this paper, we explore how this Austrian of Albanian extraction, born in Venice, played an important role in geodesy and the surveying profession and the honours he got up to the present day. We investigate his background and details of his professional path, education and most important contributions in the areas of surveying and engineering at large. We describe his most significant achievement, that is, the Semmering Railway, which was dismissed at the time as impossible to achieve. In 1998, the Semmering Railway was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Apart from this project, which left a great impression on the engineering profession, von Ghega also developed the Borovnica Viaduct built in the mid-19th century in Slovenia.

Background: As a first step towards a vaccine protecting COVID-19 convalescents from reinfection, we evaluated FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine in a clinical trial. Methods: Thirty COVID-19 convalescents aged 22-57 years were studied: convalescents of mild COVID-19, asymptomatic convalescents, both with PCR-positive at the moment of diagnosis; and individuals with subclinical infection detected by viral-specific IgG. They received a single intramuscular injection of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine (50 µg of the recombinant dimeric receptor binding domain). The primary outcomes were safety and reactogenicity, assessed over 28 days after vaccination. The secondary outcome was vaccine immunogenicity. Humoral response at baseline and following vaccination was evaluated by ELISA and live-virus neutralization test. The effector T cellular response was also assessed. Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials, WHO-ICTRP: https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000349-En. Findings: No serious adverse events were reported. Minor adverse events were found, the most common, local pain: 3 (10%) and redness: 2 (6·7%). The vaccine elicited a >21 fold increase in IgG anti-RBD antibodies 28 days after vaccination. The median of inhibitory antibody titres (94·0%) was three times greater than that of the COVID-19 convalescent panel. Virus neutralization titres higher than 1:160 were found in 24 (80%) participants. There was also an increase in RBD-specific T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Interpretation: A single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was an efficient booster of pre-existing natural immunity, with excellent safety profile. Funding: Partial funding for this study was received from the Project-2020-20, Fondo de Ciencia e Innovación (FONCI), Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Cuba.

This paper describes the non-contact vibration monitoring of prestressed reinforced concrete railway sleepers. The monitoring was carried out using physical measuring equipment consisting of a seismograph and geophones, a robotic total station (RTS) and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) equipment. Measurements of the dynamic response of sleepers to the dynamic loading induced by the running of train sets provides data that give an insight into the actual state of the sleeper structure at the moment when it is most stressed. The main objective of the study was to identify the most appropriate form of monitoring to monitor events related to the occurrence of cracks in the rail sill, which can also be caused by the impact of vibration. As is well-known, monitoring the dynamic response of railway sleepers is very important for the sustainable management and maintenance of railway lines. The vibration analysis was carried out in the field on the Ormož–Ptuj section of the railway line, in Velika Nedelja and in the laboratory of the UM FGPA, where the vibration was simulated using a hydraulic kit with a static and pulsed force of 100 kN. Several cycles of measurement were carried out and the results were compared with the results of the field monitoring. The vibration parameters measured for the concrete sleepers are necessary to develop a realistic dynamic model of the railway line, which will be able to predict its response to impact loads and the possible occurrence of damage, as has recently been observed for concrete sleepers in several European Union countries.

A novel method for structural health monitoring (SHM) by using RGB+D data has been recently proposed. RGB+D data are created by fusing image and laser scan data, where the D channel represents the distance, interpolated from laser scanner data. RGB channel represents image data obtained by an image sensor integrated in robotic total station (RTS) telescope, or on top of the telescope i.e., image assisted total station (IATS). Images can also be obtained by conventional cameras, or cameras integrated with RTS (different kind of prototypes). RGB+D image combines the advantages of the two measuring methods. Laser scans are used for distance changes in the line of sight and image data are used for displacements determination in two axes perpendicular to the viewing direction of the camera. Image feature detection and matching algorithms detect and match discrete points within RGB+D images obtained from different epochs. These way 3D coordinates of the points can be easily calculated from RGB+D images. In this study, the implementation of this method was proposed for measuring displacements and monitoring the behavior of structural elements under constant load in field conditions. For the precision analysis of the proposed method, displacements obtained from a numerical model in combination with measurements from a high precision linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensor was used as a reference for the analysis of determined displacements from RGB+D images. Based on the achieved results, we calculated that in this study, the precision of the image matching and fusion part of the RGB+D is ±1 mm while using the ORB algorithm. The ORB algorithm was determined as the optimal algorithm for this study, with good computing performance, lowest processing times and the highest number of usable features detected. The calculated achievable precision for determining height displacement while monitoring the behavior of structural element wooden beam under different loads is ±2.7 mm.

Stable latexes containing unimolecular amphiphilic core-shell star-block polymers with a triphenylphosphine(TPP)-functionalized hydrophobic core and an outer hydrophilic shell based on anionic styrenesulfonate monomers have been synthesized in a convergent three-step strategy by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, loaded with [RhCl(COD)]2 and applied to the aqueous biphasic hydrogenation of styrene. When the outer shell contains sodium styrenesulfonate homopolymer blocks, treatment with a toluene solution of [RhCl(COD)]2 led to undesired polymer coagulation. Investigation of the interactions of [RhCl(COD)]2 and [RhCl(COD)(PPh3)] with smaller structural models of the polymer shell functions, namely sodium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium styrenesulfonate, and a poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) homopolymer in a biphasic toluene/water medium points to the presence of equilibrated Rh-sulfonate interactions as the cause of coagulation by inter-particle cross-linking. Modification of the hydrophilic shell to a statistical copolymer of sodium styrenesulfonate and poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (PEOMA) in a 20:80 ratio allowed particle loading with the generation of core-anchored [RhCl(COD)TPP] complexes. These Rh-loaded latexes efficiently catalyze the aqueous biphasic hydrogenation of neat styrene as a benchmark reaction. The catalytic phase could be recovered and recycled, although the performances in terms of catalyst leaching and activity evolution during recycles are inferior to those of equivalent nanoreactors based on neutral or polycationic outer shells.

Chronic hepatitis (CH) of dysmetabolic or viral etiology has been associated with poor prognosis in patients who experienced the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection. We aimed to explore the impact of SARS-Cov-2 infection on disease severity in a group of patients with CH. Forty-two patients with CH of different etiology were enrolled (median age, 56 years; male gender, 59%). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were measured in plasma samples of all patients by ELISA and in the liver tissue of a subgroup of 15 patients by Western blot. Overall, 13 patients (31%) experienced SARS-Cov-2 infection: 2/15 (15%) had CHB, 5/12 (39%) had CHC, and 6/15 (46%) had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Compared to viral CH patients, NAFLD subjects showed higher circulating ACE2 levels (p = 0.0019). Similarly, hepatic expression of ACE2 was higher in subjects who underwent SARS-Cov-2 infection compared to the counterpart, (3.24 ± 1.49 vs. 1.49 ± 1.32, p = 0.032). Conversely, hepatic TMPRSS2 was significantly lower in patients who experienced symptomatic COVID-19 disease compared to asymptomatic patients (p = 0.0038). Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver diseases.

BackgroundPulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in PS of PCM is required for treatment and biomarker identification.Methodology/principal findingsThis non-concurrent cohort study included 29 patients with pulmonary PCM that were followed before and after treatment. From this group, 17 patients evolved to mild/ moderate PS and 12 evolved severe PS. Sera from patients were evaluated before treatment and at clinical cure, serological cure, and apparent cure. A nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QT MS system and PLGS software were used to identify serum differentially expressed proteins, data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026906. Serum differentially expressed proteins were then categorized using Cytoscape software and the Reactome pathway database. Seventy-two differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in patients with severe PS compared with patients with mild/moderate PS. Most proteins altered in severe PS were involved in wound healing, inflammatory response, and oxygen transport pathways. Before treatment and at clinical cure, signaling proteins participating in wound healing, complement cascade, cholesterol transport and retinoid metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with severe PS, whereas signaling proteins in gluconeogenesis and gas exchange pathways were upregulated. At serological cure, the pattern of protein expression reversed. At apparent cure pathways related with tissue repair (fibrosis) became downregulated, and pathway related oxygen transport became upregulated. Additionally, we identified 15 proteins as candidate biomarkers for severe PS.Conclusions/significanceDevelopment of severe PS is related to increased expression of proteins involved in glycolytic pathway and oxygen exchange), indicative of the greater cellular activity and replication associated with early dysregulation of wound healing and aberrant tissue repair. Our findings provide new targets to study mechanisms of PS in PCM, as well as potential biomarkers.

The title compound, [Mn{SC(O)CF2CH3}(CO)5], has been isolated as a by-product during the reaction of K[Mn(CO)5] with CH3CF2COCl. It is built up from a difluoromethylpropanethioate bonded to an Mn(CO)5 moiety through the S atom. The Mn atom has an almost perfect octahedral coordination sphere. It is one of the rare examples of compounds containing the (CO)5MnS—C fragment. In the crystal, the methyl group occupies a pocket surrounded by the O atoms of three carbonyl groups of the Mn(CO)5 moiety; however, the H...O distances are rather long. These interactions lead to the formation of layers lying parallel to (101), which enclose R44(15) and R44(16) ring motifs. The CF2 group is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.849 (3) and 0.151 (3).

Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) develop as a result of damage to the major or peripheral pancreatic ducts, complication due to acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma or iatrogenic causes. PFCs include pancreatic pseudocysts (PPs) and walled-off necrosis (WON). PFCs usually resolve spontaneously and are asymptomatic, but if they persist, increase in dimension or became symptomatics, therapeutic intervention is required. Available therapeutic interventions include surgical, percutaneous, and endoscopic drainage. The endoscopic approach is nowadays considered the first line-treatment of PFCs due to various advantages when compared with surgical or percutaneous drainage: decreased morbidity, length of hospital stay, and reduced costs. In the last few years, the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage, initially with plastic stents, gained popularity. More recently, fully covered self-expanding lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have been demonstrated to be both, safe and effective with high clinical and technical success, reducing the risk of perforation, peritoneal leakage, migration and facilitating the drainage of necrotic contents. In the last few years, several studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of LAMS and their differences with plastic stents have been performed, but literature on the removal timing of this device and associated complications is still limited. The aim of this review is to analyze studies reporting information about the retrieval timing of LAMS and the related adverse events.

The possibility of using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for cadastral survey purposes was investigated in this research. A study site consisting of 26 ground control points (GCP) and checkpoints (CP) was established. The study site was first measured by the classical methods of geodetic surveying, i.e., by the polar method using a total station. After that, all points were additionally measured by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method. The GNSS RTK method was used to determine the coordinates of all points in the official map projection of Croatia, HTRS96/TM, while the polar method was used to increase the positional “strength” of points in all directions, i.e., to improve the relative accuracy between them. Using UASs with different image sensor characteristics, the study site was measured by an aerial photogrammetry method at different flight heights with the purpose of obtaining a high-quality digital orthophoto plan (DOF). The absolute orientation of the model was performed using the external orientation data of each digital image based on GNSS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) UAS’s sensors, as well as using GCPs. Achieved precision of obtained DOF, as well as accuracy analysis of aerial photogrammetry was performed by considering the adjusted survey data collected by classical and GNSS RTK methods as true values and comparing them with the coordinates obtained by the aerial photogrammetry method from DOFs. Based on the achieved results and conclusions obtained from the study site, the second field test was performed above a small settlement which served as an area for cadastral survey using the UAS and GNSS RTK method. Again, precision and accuracy were determined, based on which we derived recommendations and conclusions for using UASs for cadastral survey purposes.