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1. Effect of 2020-21 and 2021-22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands

Author

Caliendo, Valentina, Kleyheeg, Erik, Beerens, Nancy, Camphuysen, Kees C.J., Cazemier, Rommert, Elbers, Armin R.W., Fouchier, Ron A.M., Kelder, Leon, Kuiken, Thijs, Leopold, Mardik, Slaterus, Roy, Spierenburg, Marcel A.H., van der Jeugd, Henk, Verdaat, Hans, and Rijks, Jolianne M.

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Analysis, Epidemics -- Netherlands, Geese -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

The dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection of the H5 GS/GD lineage (clade 2.3.4.4b) have dramatically changed for wild birds. For 2 recent epidemic seasons (2020-21 and [...]

Published
2024
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3. Mass Mortality Caused by Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Sandwich Terns, the Netherlands, 2022

Author

Rijks, Jolianne M., Leopold, Mardik F., Kuhn, Susanne, In't Veld, Ronald, Schenk, Fred, Brenninkmeijer, Allix, Lilipaly, Sander J., Ballmann, Monika Z., Kelder, Leon, de Jong, Job W., Courtens, Wouter, Slaterus, Roy, Kleyheeg, Erik, Vreman, Sandra, Kik, Marja J.L., Grone, Andrea, Fouchier, Ron A.M., Engelsma, Marc, de Jong, Mart C.M., Kuiken, Thijs, and Beerens, Nancy

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Patient outcomes -- Statistics -- Causes of, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Causes of -- Netherlands, Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution, Terns -- Statistics -- Health aspects -- Death of, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

The 2021-2022 epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nl) virus clade 2.3.4.4b has been unprecedented in terms of numbers of dead wild birds, species affected, spatial extent, and incidence [...]

Published
2022
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6. Effect of 2020-21 and 2021-22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands

Author

VPDC pathologie, Pathology, Caliendo, Valentina, Kleyheeg, Erik, Beerens, Nancy, Camphuysen, Kees C J, Cazemier, Rommert, Elbers, Armin R W, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kelder, Leon, Kuiken, Thijs, Leopold, Mardik, Slaterus, Roy, Spierenburg, Marcel A H, van der Jeugd, Henk, Verdaat, Hans, Rijks, Jolianne M, VPDC pathologie, Pathology, Caliendo, Valentina, Kleyheeg, Erik, Beerens, Nancy, Camphuysen, Kees C J, Cazemier, Rommert, Elbers, Armin R W, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kelder, Leon, Kuiken, Thijs, Leopold, Mardik, Slaterus, Roy, Spierenburg, Marcel A H, van der Jeugd, Henk, Verdaat, Hans, and Rijks, Jolianne M

Published
2024

7. Proof of principle: An animal field triage protocol for livestock and horses caught in natural disasters and major incidents

Author

VPDC pathologie, Dutch Wildlife Health Centre (DWHC), IRAS OH Epidemiology Microbial Agents, Pathology, Dubbink, Anne M., Rijks, Jolianne M., van Dongen, Derek H., Wijnker, Joris J., VPDC pathologie, Dutch Wildlife Health Centre (DWHC), IRAS OH Epidemiology Microbial Agents, Pathology, Dubbink, Anne M., Rijks, Jolianne M., van Dongen, Derek H., and Wijnker, Joris J.

Published
2024

8. Tularemia Transmission to Humans, the Netherlands, 2011-2021

Author

Rijks, Jolianne M., Tulen, Anna D., Notermans, Daan W., Reubsaet, Frans A.G., de Vries, Maaike C., Koene, Miriam G.J., Swaan, Corien M., and Maas, Miriam

Subjects
Tularemia -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Zoonoses -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Disease transmission -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica bacteria are the main causative agent of tularemia in Europe (1). The pathogen can be transmitted to humans from animals, vectors, food and water, or the [...]

Published
2022
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9. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Wild Red Foxes, the Netherlands, 2021

Author

Rijks, Jolianne M., Hesselink, Hanna, Lollinga, Pim, Wesselman, Renee, Prins, Pier, Weesendorp, Eefke, Engelsma, Marc, Heutink, Rene, Harders, Frank, Kik, Marja, Rozendaal, Harry, van den Kerkhof, Hans, and Beerens, Nancy

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Causes of -- Complications and side effects, Red fox -- Health aspects, Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification, Neurologic manifestations of general diseases -- Causes of, Wildlife diseases -- Causes of -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

On May 10, a red fox Vulpes vulpes cub (cub 1) displaying abnormal behavior was found in Bellingwolde, the Netherlands, and taken into care of a wildlife rescue center. Upon [...]

Published
2021
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10. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Antibodies in Roe Deer, the Netherlands

Author

Rijks, Jolianne M., Montizaan, Margriet G.E., Bakker, Nine, de Vries, Ankje, Van Gucht, Steven, Swaan, Corien, van den Broek, Jan, Grone, Andrea, and Sprong, Hein

Subjects
Tick-borne encephalitis -- Patient outcomes -- Research, Public health -- Analysis, Epidemiology -- Analysis, Encephalitis, National parks, EDTA, Parks, Tick-borne diseases, Medical personnel, Health, Antibodies, Health
Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was detected in the Netherlands during 2016. Retrospective screening of 297 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) serum samples obtained during 2010 showed 6 samples contained TBEV-neutralizing antibodies. [...]

Published
2019
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11. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations

Author

VPDC pathologie, Bordes, Luca, Vreman, Sandra, Heutink, Rene, Roose, Marit, Venema, Sandra, Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B E, Rijks, Jolianne M, Gonzales, José L, Germeraad, Evelien A, Engelsma, Marc, Beerens, Nancy, VPDC pathologie, Bordes, Luca, Vreman, Sandra, Heutink, Rene, Roose, Marit, Venema, Sandra, Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B E, Rijks, Jolianne M, Gonzales, José L, Germeraad, Evelien A, Engelsma, Marc, and Beerens, Nancy

Published
2023

12. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations

Author

Bordes, L.M., Vreman, S., Heutink, C.G., Roose, M.M., Kemper-Venema, S., Pritz-Verschuren, S.B.E., Rijks, Jolianne M., Gonzales Rojas, J.L., Germeraad, E.A., Engelsma, M.Y., Beerens, N., Bordes, L.M., Vreman, S., Heutink, C.G., Roose, M.M., Kemper-Venema, S., Pritz-Verschuren, S.B.E., Rijks, Jolianne M., Gonzales Rojas, J.L., Germeraad, E.A., Engelsma, M.Y., and Beerens, N.

Abstract

Wild carnivore species infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 during the 2021–2022 outbreak in the Netherlands included red fox (Vulpes vulpes),polecat (Mustela putorius), otter (Lutra lutra), and badger (Meles meles). Most of the animals weresubmitted for testing because they showed neurological signs. In this study, the HPAI H5N1 virus was detected by PCR and/or immunohistochemistry in 11 animals and was primarily present in brain tissue, often associated with a (meningo) encephalitis in the cerebrum. In contrast, the virus was rarely detected in the respiratory tract and intestinal tract and associated lesions were minimal.Full genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these carnivore viruses were related to viruses detected in wild birds in the Netherlands. The carnivore viruses themselves were not closely related, and the infected carnivores did not cluster geographically, suggesting that they were infected separately. The mutation PB2-E627K was identified in most carnivore virus genomes, providing evidence for mammalian adaptation. This study showed that brain samples should be included in wild life surveillance programs for the reliable detection of the HPAI H5N1virus in mammals. Surveillance of the wild carnivore population and notification to the Veterinary Authority are important from a one-heath perspective, and instrumental to pandemic preparedness.

Published
2023

13. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations

Author

Bordes, Luca, primary, Vreman, Sandra, additional, Heutink, Rene, additional, Roose, Marit, additional, Venema, Sandra, additional, Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B. E., additional, Rijks, Jolianne M., additional, Gonzales, José L., additional, Germeraad, Evelien A., additional, Engelsma, Marc, additional, and Beerens, Nancy, additional

Published
2023
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14. Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids

Author

Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Spruit, Cindy M, Berends, Alinda J, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, de Vries, Robert P, Pharmacology, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Pharmacology, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, and dPB CR

Subjects
tissue microarray, Swine, wildlife, Ferrets, host tropism, Biochemistry, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Dogs, Polysaccharides, sialic acid, Animals, Domestic, Lectins, Viruses, Sialic Acids, Animals, Humans, Neuraminic Acids, Horses, Glycolipids, influenza A
Abstract

Sialic acids are used as a receptor by several viruses and variations in the linkage type or C-5 modifications affect the binding properties. A species barrier for multiple viruses is present due to α2,3- or α2,6-linked sialic acids. The C-5 position of the sialic acid can be modified to form N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which acts as a determinant for host susceptibility for pathogens such as influenza A virus, rotavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Neu5Gc is present in most mammals such as pigs and horses but is absent in humans, ferrets, and dogs. However, little is known about C-5 content in wildlife species or how many C-5 modified sialic acids are present on N-linked glycans or glycolipids. Using our previously developed tissue microarray system, we investigated how 2 different lectins specific for Neu5Gc can result in varying detection levels of Neu5Gc glycans. We used these lectins to map Neu5Gc content in wild Suidae, Cervidae, tigers, and European hedgehogs. We show that Neu5Gc content is highly variable among different species. Furthermore, the removal of N-linked glycans reduces the binding of both Neu5Gc lectins while retention of glycolipids by omitting methanol treatment of tissues increases lectin binding. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple Neu5Gc lectins as the rich variety in which Neu5Gc is displayed can hardly be detected by a single lectin.

Published
2022

18. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) show neurotropism and adaptive virus mutations

Author

Bordes, Luca, primary, Vreman, Sandra, additional, Heutink, Rene, additional, Roose, Marit, additional, Venema, Sandra, additional, Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B E, additional, Rijks, Jolianne M, additional, Gonzales, José L, additional, Germeraad, Evelien A, additional, Engelsma, Marc, additional, and Beerens, Nancy, additional

Published
2022
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19. Prevalence and predictors of vector-borne pathogens in Dutch roe deer

Author

Dep Pathobiologie, FAH theoretische epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Wijburg, Sara R, Fonville, Manoj, de Bruin, Arnout, van Rijn, Piet A, Montizaan, Margriet G E, van den Broek, Jan, Sprong, Hein, Rijks, Jolianne M, Dep Pathobiologie, FAH theoretische epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Wijburg, Sara R, Fonville, Manoj, de Bruin, Arnout, van Rijn, Piet A, Montizaan, Margriet G E, van den Broek, Jan, Sprong, Hein, and Rijks, Jolianne M

Published
2022

20. Tularemia Transmission to Humans, the Netherlands, 2011-2021

Author

VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, Rijks, Jolianne M, Tulen, Anna D, Notermans, Daan W, Reubsaet, Frans A G, de Vries, Maaike C, Koene, Miriam G J, Swaan, Corien M, Maas, Miriam, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, Rijks, Jolianne M, Tulen, Anna D, Notermans, Daan W, Reubsaet, Frans A G, de Vries, Maaike C, Koene, Miriam G J, Swaan, Corien M, and Maas, Miriam

Published
2022

22. Influenza D binding properties vary amongst the two major virus clades and wildlife species

Author

Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, VP pathologie, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J, Tomris, Ilhan, Barnard, Karen N, Parrish, Colin R, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, de Vries, Robert P, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, VP pathologie, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J, Tomris, Ilhan, Barnard, Karen N, Parrish, Colin R, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, and de Vries, Robert P

Published
2022

23. Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids

Author

dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Spruit, Cindy M, Berends, Alinda J, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, de Vries, Robert P, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Spruit, Cindy M, Berends, Alinda J, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, and de Vries, Robert P

Published
2022

24. Mass Mortality Caused by Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Sandwich Terns, the Netherlands, 2022

Author

VPDC pathologie, Rijks, Jolianne M, Leopold, Mardik F, Kühn, Susanne, In 't Veld, Ronald, Schenk, Fred, Brenninkmeijer, Allix, Lilipaly, Sander J, Ballmann, Mónika Z, Kelder, Leon, de Jong, Job W, Courtens, Wouter, Slaterus, Roy, Kleyheeg, Erik, Vreman, Sandra, Kik, Marja J L, Gröne, Andrea, Fouchier, Ron A M, Engelsma, Marc, de Jong, Mart C M, Kuiken, Thijs, Beerens, Nancy, VPDC pathologie, Rijks, Jolianne M, Leopold, Mardik F, Kühn, Susanne, In 't Veld, Ronald, Schenk, Fred, Brenninkmeijer, Allix, Lilipaly, Sander J, Ballmann, Mónika Z, Kelder, Leon, de Jong, Job W, Courtens, Wouter, Slaterus, Roy, Kleyheeg, Erik, Vreman, Sandra, Kik, Marja J L, Gröne, Andrea, Fouchier, Ron A M, Engelsma, Marc, de Jong, Mart C M, Kuiken, Thijs, and Beerens, Nancy

Published
2022

25. Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids

Author

Pharmacology, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Spruit, Cindy M, Berends, Alinda J, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, de Vries, Robert P, Pharmacology, dPB I&I, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Afd Pharmacology, dI&I I&I-1, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Spruit, Cindy M, Berends, Alinda J, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Verheije, Monique H, and de Vries, Robert P

Published
2022

26. The effectiveness of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Dutch badgers

Author

FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, FAH theoretische epidemiologie, dFAH I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Orrico, Mario, van Schaik, Gerdien, Koets, Ad, van den Broek, Jan, Montizaan, Margriet, La Haye, Maurice, Rijks, Jolianne M., FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, FAH theoretische epidemiologie, dFAH I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Orrico, Mario, van Schaik, Gerdien, Koets, Ad, van den Broek, Jan, Montizaan, Margriet, La Haye, Maurice, and Rijks, Jolianne M.

Published
2022

27. Population genetics, invasion pathways and public health risks of the raccoon and its roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis in northwestern Europe

Author

LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Maas, Miriam, Tatem-Dokter, Rea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Dam-Deisz, Cecile, Franssen, Frits, van Bolhuis, Hester, Heddergott, Mike, Schleimer, Anna, Schockert, Vinciane, Lambinet, Clotilde, Hubert, Pauline, Redelijk, Thomas, Janssen, René, Cruz, Ana Paula Lopes, Martinez, Irène Campos, Caron, Yannick, Linden, Annick, Lesenfants, Christophe, Paternostre, Julien, van der Giessen, Joke, Frantz, Alain C, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Maas, Miriam, Tatem-Dokter, Rea, Rijks, Jolianne M, Dam-Deisz, Cecile, Franssen, Frits, van Bolhuis, Hester, Heddergott, Mike, Schleimer, Anna, Schockert, Vinciane, Lambinet, Clotilde, Hubert, Pauline, Redelijk, Thomas, Janssen, René, Cruz, Ana Paula Lopes, Martinez, Irène Campos, Caron, Yannick, Linden, Annick, Lesenfants, Christophe, Paternostre, Julien, van der Giessen, Joke, and Frantz, Alain C

Published
2022

28. The effectiveness of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Dutch badgers

Author

Orrico, Mario, van Schaik, Gerdien, Koets, Ad, van den Broek, Jan, Montizaan, Margriet, La Haye, Maurice, Rijks, Jolianne M., Orrico, Mario, van Schaik, Gerdien, Koets, Ad, van den Broek, Jan, Montizaan, Margriet, La Haye, Maurice, and Rijks, Jolianne M.

Abstract

Countries survey wildlife for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) to ensure case detection or to ascertain a high probability of freedom from bTB in wildlife. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is a potential bTB reservoir host. Between 2008 and 2019, 282 badgers were examined post-mortem in the context of general wildlife disease and targeted bTB surveillance programmes in the Netherlands, and no bTB cases were detected. However, it was unclear how effective this surveillance effort was to demonstrate freedom from Mycobacterium bovis infection in the badger population of ±6000 or to detect cases if present. Therefore, surveillance effectiveness was assessed using scenario tree modelling. For lack of standards for wildlife, the models were run against three assumed levels of disease in the population called design prevalence P*: 0.1%, 0.5%, and 3%. A small risk of introduction (0.015/year) was applied, because the Netherlands are officially free from bTB in cattle, with rare import of bTB-infected cattle and no bTB-infected wildlife reported along the Belgian and German borders with the Netherlands. Surveillance more readily picks up bTB presence in badgers when case detection sensitivity tends towards 100% and demonstrates freedom best when the probability of freedom tends towards 100%. For P* 0.1%, 0.5% and 3%, respectively, maximum case detection sensitivity during 2008–2019 was 8%, 35% and 94% and the probability of freedom in 2019 was 46%, 67%, and 95%. At P* = 3%, performing targeted surveillance on 300 badgers in a year would make it extremely unlikely to miss a case (case detection sensitivity > 99.9%); and if no cases are detected, the adjusted probability of freedom would then reach nearly 98.5%. Stakeholders should be made aware that at P* = 3%, one case detected implies around 3% infected badgers. Additional surveillance system components to assess bTB in wildlife and its economics are to be explored further.

Published
2022

30. Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks and roe deer, the Netherlands

Author

Jahfari, Setareh, de Vries, Ankje, Rijks, Jolianne M., Van Gucht, Steven, Vennema, Harry, Sprong, Hein, and Rockx, Barry

Subjects
Tick-borne encephalitis -- Risk factors -- Research, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Usage, European roe deer -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can infect humans, causing febrile illness; neurologic complications include encephalitis (1). TBEV is transmitted through bites of infected ticks to many animals, including deer, which serve [...]

Published
2017
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33. Recommendations and technical specifications for sustainable surveillance of zoonotic pathogens where wildlife is implicated.

Author

Gavier‐Widen, Dolores, Ferroglio, Ezio, Smith, Graham, Gonçalves, Catarina, Vada, Rachele, Zanet, Stefania, Gethöffer, Friederike, Keuling, Oliver, Staubach, Christoph, Sauter‐Louis, Carola, Blanco, Jose Antonio, Fernández de Mera, Isabel G, Podgorski, Tomasz, Larska, Magdalena, Richomme, Celine, Knauf, Sascha, Rijks, Jolianne M., Gómez, Azahara, Alves, Paulo C, and Santos, Nuno

Subjects
ZOONOSES, PATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

A science‐based participatory process guided by EFSA identified 10 priority zoonotic pathogens for future One Health surveillance in Europe: highly pathogenic avian influenza, swine influenza, West Nile disease, tick‐borne‐encephalitis, echinococcosis, Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, hepatitis E, Lyme disease, Q‐fever, Rift Valley fever. The main aim of this report is to formulate recommendations and technical specifications for sustainable coordinated One health surveillance for early detection of these zoonotic pathogens where wildlife is implicated. For this purpose: (i) first, we reviewed the cornerstones of integrated wildlife monitoring that are applicable to zoonotic disease surveillance in wildlife under OH surveillance in the EU; (ii) we analysed the characteristics of the main wildlife groups and the selected pathogens relevant to surveillance aimed at early detection, and integrated with other health compartments; (iii) we proposed general recommendations for the first steps of sustainable wildlife zoonotic disease surveillance in the EU, and (iv) specific recommendations of surveillance aimed at risk based early detection of pathogens in the main wild species groups. We finally proposed (iv) a framework for integrating animal disease surveillance components (wildlife, domestic, environment) for early detection under OH approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Describing and mapping of the main existing structures and systematic initiatives and academic activities for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses (transboundary, emerging and re‐emerging) in domestic animals and wildlife.

Author

Ferroglio, Ezio, Gavier‐Widen, Dolores, Vada, Catarina Gonçalves Rachele, Zanet, Stefania, Smith, Graham, Gethöffer, Friederike, Keuling, Oliver, Staubach, Christoph, Carola, Sauter‐Louis, Blanco, JA, Podgorski, Tomasz, Larska, Magdalena, Richomme, Celine, Knauf, Sascha, Rijks, Jolianne M., Gómez, Azahara, Alves, Paulo C, Queirós, Joao, Rafael, Marta, and Santos, Nuno

Subjects
ZOONOSES, DOMESTIC animals
Abstract

The present report describes and maps the main existing structures and systematic initiatives and academic activities for surveillance in the EU for transboundary, emerging and re‐emerging zoonoses in domestic animals, wildlife, and the environment, developed by the different sectors, namely human, domestic animal, wildlife and environmental, under One Health approach. This is essential to provide scientific and technical advice and improve future schemes of surveillance. A questionnaire was compiled by MSs and the information collected was complemented by literature reviews about (i) the main existing structures and systematic initiatives or activities, and (ii) academic activities for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in domestic animals and wildlife. We focused on a 50 zoonotic diseases that were pre‐selected for the prioritisation exercise by the One Health working group of EFSA. In total, 21 countries returned the questionnaire. The analysis of zoonotic disease surveillance evidenced that high fragmentation of surveillance programmes occurs in Europe and therefore the main challenge to integrate One Health surveillance is to integrate different surveillance programmes and One Health sectors to progress towards multi‐host and multi‐sector surveillance programmes. When different sectors oversee the coordination of surveillance programmes, the subsequent integration over the different phases of surveillance is enhanced. A structured approach is needed to determine priorities for surveillance and the approach to be used in European surveillance schemes to achieve a higher benefit‐cost ratio with existing or reduced resources. The literature review indicated potential relevance of the hunting sector to participate in surveillance programmes and a bias towards research in vector‐borne pathogens and vectors by the academia; experience that can be used to build One health surveillance. Recommendations are provided for further implementation of One health surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. How to Start Up a National Wildlife Health Surveillance Programme

Author

Lawson, Becki, primary, Neimanis, Aleksija, additional, Lavazza, Antonio, additional, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, additional, Tavernier, Paul, additional, Billinis, Charalambos, additional, Duff, James Paul, additional, Mladenov, Daniel T., additional, Rijks, Jolianne M., additional, Savić, Sara, additional, Wibbelt, Gudrun, additional, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre, additional, and Kuiken, Thijs, additional

Published
2021
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36. Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals

Author

Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J, Wubbolts, Richard W, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, de Vries, Robert P, Verheije, Monique H, VP pathologie, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Celbiologie, IOV CCB, dB&C I&I, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, VP pathologie, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Celbiologie, IOV CCB, dB&C I&I, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, and Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Farm animals, Hemagglutination, Swine, 030106 microbiology, Respiratory System, lcsh:QR1-502, Host tropism, Hemagglutinins, Viral, Virus Attachment, Biology, Influenza D, Virus, lcsh:Microbiology, Article, Microbiology, Tissue microarray, 03 medical and health sciences, 9-O-acetylated sialic acid, Virology, medicine, Animals, Horses, Receptor, Tropism, Sheep, Host Microbial Interactions, Goats, Epithelium, Recombinant Proteins, Viral Tropism, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Tissue Array Analysis, Animals, Domestic, Tissue tropism, biology.protein, Sialic Acids, Cattle, Antibody, Thogotovirus, Viral Fusion Proteins
Abstract

The trimeric hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) of influenza D virus (IDV) binds 9-O-acetylated sialic acid receptors, which are expressed in various host species. While cattle are the main reservoir for IDV, the viral genome has also been detected in domestic pigs. In addition, antibodies against IDV have been detected in other farm animals such as sheep, goats, and horses, and even in farmers working with IDV positive animals. Viruses belonging to various IDV clades circulate, but little is known about their differences in host and tissue tropism. Here we used recombinantly produced HEF proteins (HEF S57A) from the major clades D/Oklahoma (D/OK) and D/Oklahoma/660 (D/660) to study their host and tissue tropism and receptor interactions. To this end, we developed tissue microarrays (TMA) composed of respiratory tissues from various farm animals including cattle, domestic pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. Protein histochemical staining of farm animal respiratory tissue-microarrays with HEF proteins showed that cattle have receptors present over the entire respiratory tract while receptors are only present in the nasal and pharyngeal epithelium of pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. No differences in tropism for tissues and animals were observed between clades, while hemagglutination assays showed that D/OK has a 2-fold higher binding affinity than D/660 for receptors on red blood cells. The removal of O-acetylation from receptors via saponification treatment confirmed that receptor-binding of both clades was dependent on O-acetylated sialic acids.

Published
2021

37. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Blackbirds (Turdus merula) Naturally Infected with Usutu Virus

Author

Giglia, Giuseppe, primary, Agliani, Gianfilippo, additional, Munnink, Bas B. Oude, additional, Sikkema, Reina S., additional, Mandara, Maria Teresa, additional, Lepri, Elvio, additional, Kik, Marja, additional, Ijzer, Jooske, additional, Rijks, Jolianne M., additional, Fast, Christine, additional, Koopmans, Marion P. G., additional, Verheije, Monique H., additional, Gröne, Andrea, additional, Reusken, Chantal B. E. M., additional, and van den Brand, Judith M. A., additional

Published
2021
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38. Population genetics, invasion pathways and public health risks of the raccoon and its roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis in northwestern Europe

Author

Maas, Miriam, primary, Tatem‐Dokter, Rea, additional, Rijks, Jolianne M., additional, Dam‐Deisz, Cecile, additional, Franssen, Frits, additional, van Bolhuis, Hester, additional, Heddergott, Mike, additional, Schleimer, Anna, additional, Schockert, Vinciane, additional, Lambinet, Clotilde, additional, Hubert, Pauline, additional, Redelijk, Thomas, additional, Janssen, René, additional, Cruz, Ana Paula Lopes, additional, Martinez, Irène Campos, additional, Caron, Yannick, additional, Linden, Annick, additional, Lesenfants, Christophe, additional, Paternostre, Julien, additional, van der Giessen, Joke, additional, and Frantz, Alain C., additional

Published
2021
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41. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Wild Red Foxes, the Netherlands, 2021

Author

VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, dPB CR, Rijks, Jolianne M, Hesselink, Hanna, Lollinga, Pim, Wesselman, Renee, Prins, Pier, Weesendorp, Eefke, Engelsma, Marc, Heutink, Rene, Harders, Frank, Kik, Marja, Rozendaal, Harry, van den Kerkhof, Hans, Beerens, Nancy, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, dPB CR, Rijks, Jolianne M, Hesselink, Hanna, Lollinga, Pim, Wesselman, Renee, Prins, Pier, Weesendorp, Eefke, Engelsma, Marc, Heutink, Rene, Harders, Frank, Kik, Marja, Rozendaal, Harry, van den Kerkhof, Hans, and Beerens, Nancy

Published
2021

42. How to Start Up a National Wildlife Health Surveillance Programme

Author

VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Lawson, Becki, Neimanis, Aleksija, Lavazza, Antonio, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, Tavernier, Paul, Billinis, Charalambos, Duff, James Paul, Mladenov, Daniel T, Rijks, Jolianne M, Savić, Sara, Wibbelt, Gudrun, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre, Kuiken, Thijs, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, Lawson, Becki, Neimanis, Aleksija, Lavazza, Antonio, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, Tavernier, Paul, Billinis, Charalambos, Duff, James Paul, Mladenov, Daniel T, Rijks, Jolianne M, Savić, Sara, Wibbelt, Gudrun, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre, and Kuiken, Thijs

Published
2021

43. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Blackbirds (Turdus merula) Naturally Infected with Usutu Virus

Author

VP pathologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, dPB I&I, Giglia, Giuseppe, Agliani, Gianfilippo, Munnink, Bas B Oude, Sikkema, Reina S, Mandara, Maria Teresa, Lepri, Elvio, Kik, Marja, Ijzer, Jooske, Rijks, Jolianne M, Fast, Christine, Koopmans, Marion P G, Verheije, Monique H, Gröne, Andrea, Reusken, Chantal B E M, van den Brand, Judith M A, VP pathologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, dPB I&I, Giglia, Giuseppe, Agliani, Gianfilippo, Munnink, Bas B Oude, Sikkema, Reina S, Mandara, Maria Teresa, Lepri, Elvio, Kik, Marja, Ijzer, Jooske, Rijks, Jolianne M, Fast, Christine, Koopmans, Marion P G, Verheije, Monique H, Gröne, Andrea, Reusken, Chantal B E M, and van den Brand, Judith M A

Published
2021

44. Circulation of Babesia Species and Their Exposure to Humans through Ixodes Ricinus

Author

LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, LS Infectiebiologie (Bacteriologie), VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, dPB I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Dep Biologie, Azagi, Tal, Jaarsma, Ryanne I, Docters van Leeuwen, Arieke, Fonville, Manoj, Maas, Miriam, Franssen, Frits F J, Kik, Marja, Rijks, Jolianne M, Montizaan, Margriet G, Groenevelt, Margit, Hoyer, Mark, Esser, Helen J, Krawczyk, Aleksandra I, Modrý, David, Sprong, Hein, Demir, Samiye, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, LS Infectiebiologie (Bacteriologie), VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, dPB I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Dep Biologie, Azagi, Tal, Jaarsma, Ryanne I, Docters van Leeuwen, Arieke, Fonville, Manoj, Maas, Miriam, Franssen, Frits F J, Kik, Marja, Rijks, Jolianne M, Montizaan, Margriet G, Groenevelt, Margit, Hoyer, Mark, Esser, Helen J, Krawczyk, Aleksandra I, Modrý, David, Sprong, Hein, and Demir, Samiye

Published
2021

45. Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals

Author

VP pathologie, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Celbiologie, IOV CCB, dB&C I&I, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J, Wubbolts, Richard W, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, de Vries, Robert P, Verheije, Monique H, VP pathologie, dI&I I&I-1, dPB I&I, Celbiologie, IOV CCB, dB&C I&I, dPB CR, VPDC pathologie, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J, Wubbolts, Richard W, Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M, de Vries, Robert P, and Verheije, Monique H

Published
2021

46. How to start up a national wildlife health surveillance programme

Author

Lawson, Becki, Neimanis, Aleksija, Lavazza, Antonio, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, Tavernier, Paul, Billinis, Charalambos, Duff, Paul, Mladenov, Daniel T., Rijks, Jolianne M., Savić, Sara, Wibbelt, Gudrun, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie Pierre, Kuiken, Thijs, Lawson, Becki, Neimanis, Aleksija, Lavazza, Antonio, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, Tavernier, Paul, Billinis, Charalambos, Duff, Paul, Mladenov, Daniel T., Rijks, Jolianne M., Savić, Sara, Wibbelt, Gudrun, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie Pierre, and Kuiken, Thijs

Abstract

Whilst multiple countries in Europe have wildlife health surveillance (WHS) programmes, they vary in scope. In many countries, coordinated general surveillance at a national scale is not conducted and the knowledge of wildlife health status in Europe remains limited. Learning lessons from countries with established systems may help others to effectively implement WHS schemes. In order to facilitate information exchange, the WHS Network of the European Wildlife Disease Association organised a workshop to both collate knowledge and experience from countries that had started or expanded WHS programmes and to translate this information into practical recommendations. Presentations were given by invited representatives of European countries with different WHS levels. Events that led to the start-up and fostered growth spurts of WHS were highlighted, including action plan creation, partnership formation, organisation restructuring and appraisal by external audit. Challenges to programme development, such as a lack of funding, data sharing, infrastructural provision and method harmonisation, were explored. Recommendations to help overcome key challenges were summarised as: understanding and awareness; cross-sectoral scope; national-scale collaboration; harmonisation of methods; government support; academic support; other funding support; staff expertise and capacity; leadership, feedback and engagement; and threat mitigation and wildlife disease management. This resource may enable the development of WHS programmes in Europe and beyond.

Published
2021

47. Circulation of Babesia Species and their exposure to humans through Ixodes Ricinus

Author

Azagi, Tal, Jaarsma, Ryanne I., van Leeuwen, Arieke Docters, Fonville, Manoj, Maas, Miriam, Franssen, Frits F.J., Kik, Marja, Rijks, Jolianne M., Montizaan, Margriet G., Groenevelt, Margit, Hoyer, Mark, Esser, Helen J., Krawczyk, Aleksandra I., Modrý, David, Sprong, Hein, Demir, Samiye, Azagi, Tal, Jaarsma, Ryanne I., van Leeuwen, Arieke Docters, Fonville, Manoj, Maas, Miriam, Franssen, Frits F.J., Kik, Marja, Rijks, Jolianne M., Montizaan, Margriet G., Groenevelt, Margit, Hoyer, Mark, Esser, Helen J., Krawczyk, Aleksandra I., Modrý, David, Sprong, Hein, and Demir, Samiye

Abstract

Human babesiosis in Europe has been attributed to infection with Babesia divergens and, to a lesser extent, with Babesia venatorum and Babesia microti, which are all transmitted to humans through a bite of Ixodes ricinus. These Babesia species circulate in the Netherlands, but autochthonous human babesiosis cases have not been reported so far. To gain more insight into the natural sources of these Babesia species, their presence in reservoir hosts and in I. ricinus was examined. Moreover, part of the ticks were tested for co-infections with other tick borne pathogens. In a cross-sectional study, qPCR-detection was used to determine the presence of Babesia species in 4611 tissue samples from 27 mammalian species and 13 bird species. Reverse line blotting (RLB) and qPCR detection of Babesia species were used to test 25,849 questing I. ricinus. Fragments of the 18S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from PCR-positive isolates were sequenced for confirmation and species identification and species-specific PCR reactions were performed on samples with suspected mixed infections. Babesia microti was found in two widespread rodent species: Myodes glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus, whereas B. divergens was detected in the geographically restricted Cervus elaphus and Bison bonasus, and occasionally in free-ranging Ovis aries. B. venatorum was detected in the ubiquitous Capreolus capreolus, and occasionally in free-ranging O. aries. Species-specific PCR revealed co-infections in C. capreolus and C. elaphus, resulting in higher prevalence of B. venatorum and B. divergens than disclosed by qPCR detection, followed by 18S rDNA and COI sequencing. The non-zoonotic Babesia species found were Babesia capreoli, Babesia vulpes, Babesia sp. deer clade, and badger-associated Babesia species. The infection rate of zoonotic Babesia species in questing I. ricinus ticks was higher for Babesia clade I (2.6%) than Babesia clade X (1.9%). Co-infection of B. microti with Borreli

Published
2021

48. Population genetics, invasion pathways and public health risks of the raccoon and its roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis in northwestern Europe.

Author

Maas, Miriam, Tatem‐Dokter, Rea, Rijks, Jolianne M., Dam‐Deisz, Cecile, Franssen, Frits, van Bolhuis, Hester, Heddergott, Mike, Schleimer, Anna, Schockert, Vinciane, Lambinet, Clotilde, Hubert, Pauline, Redelijk, Thomas, Janssen, René, Cruz, Ana Paula Lopes, Martinez, Irène Campos, Caron, Yannick, Linden, Annick, Lesenfants, Christophe, Paternostre, Julien, and van der Giessen, Joke

Subjects
POPULATION genetics, RACCOON, NEMATODES, PUBLIC health, GASTROINTESTINAL contents, BORDERLANDS
Abstract

The geographic range of the zoonotic raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is expanding together with the range of its host, the raccoon (Procyon lotor). This creates a new public health risk in parts of Europe where this parasite was previously absent. In the Netherlands, a raccoon population is becoming established and incidental findings of B. procyonis have been reported. To assess the risk to public health, the prevalence of B. procyonis was determined in the province of Limburg, where currently the largest Dutch raccoon population is present, as well as in the adjoining region of southern Belgium. Furthermore, genetic methods were employed to assess invasion pathways of both the raccoon and B. procyonis to aid in the development of control measures. Macroscopic analysis of intestinal content and testing of faecal samples were performed to detect B. procyonis adults and eggs. The population genetics of both B. procyonis and its raccoon host were analysed using samples from central and northwestern Europe. B. procyonis was found in 14/23 (61%, 95% CI: 41%–78%) raccoons from Limburg, but was not detected in 50 Belgian raccoons. Genetic analyses showed that the majority of the Dutch raccoons and their roundworms were introduced through ex‐captive individuals. As long as free‐living raccoon populations originate from captivity, population control methods may be pursued. However, natural dispersal from the border regions will complicate prolonged population control. To reduce the public health risk posed by B. procyonis, public education to increase awareness and adapt behaviour towards raccoons is key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. Circulation of Babesia Species and Their Exposure to Humans through Ixodes ricinus

Author

Azagi, Tal, primary, Jaarsma, Ryanne I., additional, Docters van Leeuwen, Arieke, additional, Fonville, Manoj, additional, Maas, Miriam, additional, Franssen, Frits F. J., additional, Kik, Marja, additional, Rijks, Jolianne M., additional, Montizaan, Margriet G., additional, Groenevelt, Margit, additional, Hoyer, Mark, additional, Esser, Helen J., additional, Krawczyk, Aleksandra I., additional, Modrý, David, additional, Sprong, Hein, additional, and Demir, Samiye, additional

Published
2021
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50. Trichomonosis in Greenfinches (Chloris chloris) in the Netherlands 2009–2017: A Concealed Threat

Author

Rijks, Jolianne M, Laumen, Andrea A G, Slaterus, Roy, Stahl, Julia, Gröne, Andrea, Kik, Marja L, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, dPB I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, LS Pathologie, dPB CR, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, dPB I&I, Dep Pathobiologie, LS Pathologie, and dPB CR

Subjects
Trichomonas gallinae, 040301 veterinary sciences, wildlife, Population, Severe disease, Trichomonas Infection, Zoology, Disease, Biology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Chloris chloris, education, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Original Research, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, trichomonosis, General Veterinary, Genetic heterogeneity, the Netherlands, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, bird census data, lcsh:SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, finch, greenfinch (Chloris chloris)
Abstract

Finch trichomonosis in Europe is caused by a Trichomonas gallinae subtype A1 strain, considered to be clonal because lacking genetic heterogeneity in partial genotyping. The disease recently emerged and has been associated with a 66% reduction of the British breeding greenfinch (Chloris chloris) population. In contrast, in the Netherlands, where trichomonosis was detected in 2009, the breeding greenfinch population continued to grow in subsequent years. This study aimed to elucidate whether this discrepancy in population trends is because Trichomonas infection in Dutch greenfinches is associated with less severe disease, i.e., disease being less fatal. Therefore, it characterized and quantified trichomonosis in a convenience sample of greenfinches found dead and examined post-mortem between 2009 and 2017 and compared results to published data from Great Britain. Trichomonads were detected by cytology, histology, or culture in 95/101 greenfinches. The birds with trichomonads all had microscopic lesions in the upper digestive tract consistent with trichomonosis, indicating the trichomonads caused disease. The occurrence of significant lesions due to other causes was low. Some greenfinches with trichomonosis showed no macroscopic lesions. These birds showed significantly less ulceration of the mucosa and less extensive heterophil infiltration, but extent of macrophage infiltration and presence of bacteria was similar to that of birds with macroscopic lesions, and significant lesions due to other causes were equally rare. Therefore, trichomonosis was considered similarly fatal in both groups. The frequency of fatal trichomonosis in the Dutch greenfinches did not differ significantly from that reported from Great Britain. Partial genotyping of the ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 and Fe-hydrogenase regions of T. gallinae was performed to detect genetic heterogeneity, that could indicate the presence of other, possibly less virulent, strains. In 60/63 samples there was full alignment of sequences with the clonal strain of T. gallinae subtype A1. The remaining three samples had the same single synonymous nucleotide difference in the Fe-hydrogenase region; however, pathology is these three was identical to the others. Collectively, the results provide no clear evidence for less severe disease as explanation for the discrepancy in census data trends. We conclude that trichomonosis is a threat concealed in Dutch breeding greenfinch census data.

Published
2019

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