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1. Influences of climate change on long-term time series of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic and Antarctic biota

Author

Vorkamp, Katrin, Carlsson, Pernilla, Corsolini, Simonetta, de Wit, Cynthia A, Dietz, Rune, Gribble, Matthew O, Houde, Magali, Kalia, Vrinda, Letcher, Robert J, Morris, Adam, Rigét, Frank F, Routti, Heli, and Muir, Derek CG

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Climate Action, Persistent Organic Pollutants, Environmental Monitoring, Climate Change, Time Factors, Ecosystem, Antarctic Regions, Arctic Regions, Environmental Pollutants, Biota
Abstract

Time series of contaminants in the Arctic are an important instrument to detect emerging issues and to monitor the effectiveness of chemicals regulation, based on the assumption of a direct reflection of changes in primary emissions. Climate change has the potential to influence these time trends, through direct physical and chemical processes and/or changes in ecosystems. This study was part of an assessment of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), analysing potential links between changes in climate-related physical and biological variables and time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic biota, with some additional information from the Antarctic. Several correlative relationships were identified between POP temporal trends in freshwater and marine biota and physical climate parameters such as oscillation indices, sea-ice coverage, temperature and precipitation, although the mechanisms behind these observations remain poorly understood. Biological data indicate changes in the diet and trophic level of some species, especially seabirds and polar bears, with consequences for their POP exposure. Studies from the Antarctic highlight increased POP availability after iceberg calving. Including physical and/or biological parameters in the POP time trend analysis has led to small deviations in some declining trends, but did generally not change the overall direction of the trend. In addition, regional and temporary perturbations occurred. Effects on POP time trends appear to have been more pronounced in recent years and to show time lags, suggesting that climate-related effects on the long time series might be gaining importance.

Published
2022

11. Temporal trends of mercury in Arctic biota: 10 more years of progress in Arctic monitoring

Author

Morris, Adam D., Wilson, Simon J., Fryer, Rob J., Thomas, Philippe J., Hudelson, Karista, Andreasen, Birgitta, Blévin, Pierre, Bustamante, Paco, Chastel, Olivier, Christensen, Guttorm, Dietz, Rune, Evans, Marlene, Evenset, Anita, Ferguson, Steven H., Fort, Jérôme, Gamberg, Mary, Grémillet, David, Houde, Magali, Letcher, Robert J., Loseto, Lisa, Muir, Derek, Pinzone, Marianna, Poste, Amanda, Routti, Heli, Sonne, Christian, Stern, Gary, and Rigét, Frank F.

Published
2022
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16. Assessment of exposure to perfluorinated industrial substances and risk of immune suppression in Greenland and its global context:a mixed-methods study

Author

Sonne, Christian, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Gustavson, Kim, Bossi, Rossana, Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C, Long, Manhai, Rigét, Frank F, and Dietz, Rune

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous global contaminants that do not readily biodegrade and are therefore routinely found worldwide in wildlife, humans, and the environment. There is a paucity of global assessments to understand regional and continental differences in exposure to PFASs and the associated health risks, including those for Indigenous Arctic communities who consume high trophic marine diets. We aimed to estimate the long-term exposure of dietary PFASs from consumption of polar bear and ringed seal meat and establish its association with blood serum concentrations of PFASs in Inuit in Ittoqoortoormiit (Scoresby Sound), East Greenland. We also aimed to assess the risk of immune suppression on the basis of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) thresholds for weekly intake and blood serum concentrations of PFASs. Last, we conducted a worldwide risk assessment based on blood concentrations of PFASs emphasising Arctic exposure in a global context.METHODS: In this mixed-methods study, we conducted interviews to compare dietary exposure of PFASs in anonymous, non-pregnant, Inuit adults (aged ≥18 years) from full-time or part-time hunter families in Ittoqoortoormiit, East Greenland with ESFA toxic threshold values for tolerable weekly intake of the four most immunotoxic PFASs (∑4PFAS; perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonate). Independent hospital staff from the local hospital randomly selected participants using simple randomisation using a telephone directory. Blood serum concentrations were then compared with EFSA risk categories: low (0·7-9·5 ng/mL), moderate (>9·5-17·5 ng/mL), high (>17·5-31·9 ng/mL), and severe (>31·9 ng/mL). We also reviewed the available scientific literature of ∑4PFAS concentrations in human blood to place the Inuit dataset in a broader global context.FINDINGS: Between Sept 21, and Oct 2, 2015, 22 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 12 were male and ten were female. Sex data were obtained from personal social security numbers and options were male or female. As a result of a subsistence diet high in marine mammal muscle, 322 (92%) of 350 people in the Ittoqoortoormiit cohort exceeded the established immunotoxic thresholds of ∑4PFASs set by EFSA's tolerable weekly intake of 4·4 ng/kg, and 301 (86%) were in the most severe risk category (>31·9 ng/mL) based on blood serum concentrations. This Inuit cohort had the highest non-occupational long-term exposure to PFASs worldwide despite their remote location relative to industrial sources. Using country-wide average values across global studies, we found that blood serum concentrations of PFASs in populations from European countries, North America, the Arctic, and Australia were generally higher than those in South America, Africa, and mainland Asia, with the highest concentrations found in people from USA, Canada, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the UK, Spain, Poland, and Australia. These high exposure countries all fall within the EFSA moderate-risk and high-risk categories.INTERPRETATION: PFAS contamination of the environment and human populations occurs worldwide. This pollution not only poses substantial risks for immune system adverse events but also cardiovascular, cancerous, and reproductive endpoints. Data on such PFAS exposure is scarce in numerous countries. Therefore, it is important to also map out the exposure in these countries to enable a thorough global assessment of exposure and risks.FUNDING: Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic.

Published
2023

19. An evolutionarily distinct ringed seal in the Ilulissat Icefjord.

Author

Rosing‐Asvid, Aqqalu, Löytynoja, Ari, Momigliano, Paolo, Hansen, Rikke Guldborg, Scharff‐Olsen, Camilla Hjorth, Valtonen, Mia, Kammonen, Juhana, Dietz, Rune, Rigét, Frank Farsø, Ferguson, Steve H., Lydersen, Christian, Kovacs, Kit M., Holland, David M., Jernvall, Jukka, Auvinen, Petri, and Tange Olsen, Morten

Subjects
RINGED seal, LAST Glacial Maximum, TRADITIONAL knowledge, WORLD Heritage Sites, TUNDRAS, GENOMICS, ANIMAL coloration
Abstract

The Earth's polar regions are low rates of inter‐ and intraspecific diversification. An extreme mammalian example is the Arctic ringed seal (Pusa hispida hispida), which is assumed to be panmictic across its circumpolar Arctic range. Yet, local Inuit communities in Greenland and Canada recognize several regional variants; a finding supported by scientific studies of body size variation. It is however unclear whether this phenotypic variation reflects plasticity, morphs or distinct ecotypes. Here, we combine genomic, biologging and survey data, to document the existence of a unique ringed seal ecotype in the Ilulissat Icefjord (locally 'Kangia'), Greenland; a UNESCO World Heritage site, which is home to the most productive marine‐terminating glacier in the Arctic. Genomic analyses reveal a divergence of Kangia ringed seals from other Arctic ringed seals about 240 kya, followed by secondary contact since the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite ongoing gene flow, multiple genomic regions appear under strong selection in Kangia ringed seals, including candidate genes associated with pelage coloration, growth and osmoregulation, potentially explaining the Kangia seal's phenotypic and behavioural uniqueness. The description of 'hidden' diversity and adaptations in yet another Arctic species merits a reassessment of the evolutionary processes that have shaped Arctic diversity and the traditional view of this region as an evolutionary freezer. Our study highlights the value of indigenous knowledge in guiding science and calls for efforts to identify distinct populations or ecotypes to understand how these might respond differently to environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Contributors

Author

Aastrup, Peter, primary, Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M., additional, Aburto, Jaime A., additional, Acuña, Alicia, additional, Aguilera, Moisés A., additional, Alemu, Jahson, additional, Aleya, Lotfi, additional, Álvarez-Filip, L., additional, Alyomov, Sergey V., additional, Amara, Rachid, additional, Amouroux, David, additional, Anschutz, Pierre, additional, Arias, Andrés H., additional, Arvanitidis, Christos, additional, Ault, Jerald S., additional, Babatunde, Bolaji Benard, additional, Barros, Vicente, additional, Bazterrica, María Cielo, additional, Béjaoui, Béchir, additional, Bekkby, Trine, additional, Bełdowski, Jacek, additional, Bennett, Rodolfo C., additional, Beszczyńska-Möller, Agnieszka, additional, Bilkovic, Donna Marie, additional, Boero, Ferdinando, additional, Boertmann, David, additional, Borja, Angel, additional, Bortolus, Alejandro, additional, Botté, Sandra E., additional, Bravo, Luis, additional, Broitman, Bernardo R., additional, Brugnoli, Ernesto, additional, Burd, Brenda, additional, Burkholder, JoAnn M., additional, Cahoon, Lawrence B., additional, Calabrese, Sara, additional, Cao, Yiping, additional, Cardoso, Patricia G., additional, Cardoza, Norving J.T., additional, Chiappa-Carrara, Xavier, additional, Chiotoroiu, Brindusa Cristina, additional, Christensen, Tom, additional, Codignotto, Jorge O., additional, Cook, Sarah, additional, Danovaro, Roberto, additional, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, additional, de Frias Martins, Antonio M., additional, De Marco, Silvia G., additional, Delgado, Juan Domingo, additional, Deppeler, Stacy L., additional, Dhib, Amel, additional, Diop, Mamadou, additional, Diop, Cheikh, additional, Dolbeth, Marina, additional, Duman, Muhammet, additional, El Bour, Monia, additional, Ennouri, Rym, additional, Enríquez, Cecilia, additional, Eronat, Hüsnü, additional, Fach, Bettina, additional, Fernández Severini, Melisa D., additional, Fertouna-Bellekhal, Mouna, additional, Fiori, Sandra, additional, Fourqurean, James W., additional, Frigstad, Helene, additional, Fritt-Rasmussen, Janne, additional, Galgani, François, additional, García, Rafael A., additional, Garza-Pérez, R., additional, Gavio, María Andrea, additional, Gaymer, Carlos F., additional, Gelcich, Stefan, additional, Gerpe, Marcela S., additional, Giadom, Ferdinand Dumbari, additional, Giarratano, Erica, additional, Gil, Mónica Noemí, additional, Gobin, Judith, additional, Gómez-Gesteira, Moncho, additional, Góngora, Gongora María Eva, additional, Gore, Shannon, additional, Green, Norman, additional, Grogan, Amy E., additional, Guinder, Valeria A., additional, Gutiérrez, Juan Manuel, additional, Hagen, Anders G., additional, Harman, Christopher, additional, Hatzianestis, Ioannis, additional, Havens, Kirk J., additional, Hedeholm, Rasmus, additional, Helali, Mohamed-Amine, additional, Hershner, Carl H., additional, Holmes, Kieth, additional, Jackson, Jennifer, additional, Jameson, Stephen C., additional, Kapiris, Kostas, additional, Kaste, Øyvind, additional, Kędra, Monika, additional, Khedhri, Inès, additional, Kikuchi, Ruy K.P., additional, Kocak, Ferah, additional, Kucuksezgin, Filiz, additional, Kuliński, Karol, additional, La Colla, Noelia, additional, Leão, Zelinda M.A.N., additional, Lirman, Diego, additional, Logan, Alan, additional, López, Boris A., additional, López Abbate, María Celeste, additional, Lorenz, Jerome J., additional, Lovrich, Gustavo, additional, Mallin, Michael A., additional, Maragou, Panagiota, additional, Marcovecchio, Jorge E., additional, Ismael, Marino-Tapia, additional, Martins, Maria Virgínia Alves, additional, McLaughlin, Karen, additional, Merkel, Flemming, additional, Mitchell, Molly M., additional, Mohammed, Azad, additional, Mohammed, Terry, additional, Montecino, Vivian, additional, Monti, Alejandro J., additional, Moore, Shelly, additional, Morrison, Adele K., additional, Morton, Brian, additional, Mosbech, Anders, additional, Muniz, Pablo, additional, Myers, Andrew, additional, Narvarte, Maite, additional, Oliva, Ana L., additional, Oliveira, Marília D.M., additional, Osadchaya, Tatyana S., additional, Othmani, Achref, additional, Ouddane, Baghdad, additional, Oueslati, Walid, additional, Oug, Eivind, additional, Panayotidis, Panayotis, additional, Papadopoulos, Vassilis P., additional, Papiol, Vanesa, additional, Pascual, Marcela, additional, Pauchard, Aníbal, additional, Pavlidou, Alexandra, additional, Paximadis, Giorgos, additional, Pazi, Idil, additional, Pempkowiak, Janusz, additional, Quintino, Victor, additional, Rabalais, Nancy N., additional, Ramos, Marcel, additional, Rangelov, Miroslav, additional, Raymond, Tania, additional, Relvas, Paulo, additional, Reyes-Hernández, Cristóbal, additional, Riera, Rodrigo, additional, Rigét, Frank, additional, Rioja-Nieto, R., additional, Rivas, Andrés L., additional, Rodríguez, Diego H., additional, Rutllant, José A., additional, Sáez, Claudio A., additional, Sakellariou, Dimitris, additional, Salihoglu, Baris, additional, Salomidi, Maria, additional, Sanger, Denise M., additional, Santos, Rui, additional, Schenke, Ricardo Delfino, additional, Schiff, Kenneth, additional, Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan, additional, Silva, Alexandra, additional, Simboura, Nomiki, additional, Smith, Struan R., additional, Smith, Erik, additional, Sousa, Ronaldo, additional, Spetter, Carla V., additional, Stark, Jonathan S., additional, Stevens, Kara, additional, Szymczycha, Beata, additional, Tagliorette, Alicia, additional, Thiel, Martin, additional, Thomson, Richard, additional, Todorova, Nadezhda, additional, Gonul, Tolga, additional, Trabelsi, Lamia, additional, Trannum, Hilde, additional, Turki, Souad, additional, Turner, R. Eugene, additional, Ugarte, Fernando, additional, Uyarra, María C., additional, Valdés, Luis, additional, Valdivia, Nelson, additional, Vasilev, Vasil, additional, Venturini, Natalia, additional, Warren, Tammy, additional, Wegeberg, Susse, additional, White, Stephanie, additional, Wood, Kathleen, additional, Wynne, Stuart P., additional, Yamashita, Cintia, additional, Zaaboub, Noureddine, additional, Zabbey, Nenibarini, additional, Zaborska, Agata, additional, Zalba, Sergia, additional, and Ziadi, Boutheina, additional

Published
2019
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26. A risk assessment review of mercury exposure in Arctic marine and terrestrial mammals

Author

Dietz, Rune, primary, Letcher, Robert J., additional, Aars, Jon, additional, Andersen, Magnus, additional, Boltunov, Andrei, additional, Born, Erik W., additional, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., additional, Das, Krishna, additional, Dastnai, Sam, additional, Derocher, Andrew E., additional, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, additional, Eulaers, Igor, additional, Ferguson, Steve, additional, Hallanger, Ingeborg G., additional, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads P., additional, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, additional, Hoekstra, Paul F., additional, Jenssen, Bjørn M., additional, Kohler, Stephen Gustav, additional, Larsen, Martin M., additional, Lindstrøm, Ulf, additional, Lippold, Anna, additional, Morris, Adam, additional, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, additional, Nielsen, Nynne H., additional, Peacock, Elizabeth, additional, Pinzone, Marianna, additional, Rigét, Frank F., additional, Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, additional, Routti, Heli, additional, Siebert, Ursula, additional, Stenson, Garry, additional, Stern, Gary, additional, Strand, Jakob, additional, Søndergaard, Jens, additional, Treu, Gabriele, additional, Víkingsson, Gisli A., additional, Wang, Feiyue, additional, Welker, Jeffrey M., additional, Wiig, Øystein, additional, Wilson, Simon J., additional, and Sonne, Christian, additional

Published
2022
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31. Number of Primordial Follicles in Juvenile Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida) from the Gulf of Bothnia and West Greenland

Author

Schmidt, Britta, Hollenbach, Julia, Mühlfeld, Christian, Pfarrer, Christiane, Persson, Sara, Kesselring, Tina, Sonne, Christian, Rigét, Frank, Dietz, Rune, and Siebert, Ursula

Subjects
Baltic Sea, Stereology, Greenland, Primordial follicles, Ringed seal
Abstract

Primordial follicles are important for the reproduction cycle and, therefore, also for the survival of the whole population of a species. Mammals have a large pool of primordial follicles, and it is thought that this pool represents the total number of oocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine the total primordial follicle number of juvenile ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from the Gulf of Bothnia and Greenland. Overall, 52 ovaries from two ringed seal populations (West Greenland (N = 6), Gulf of Bothnia, region in the Baltic Sea (N = 46)) were examined. All ovaries were cut into 2 mm thick slices and every slice was embedded in paraffin. Out of each tissue block, a 5 µm thick section was cut and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. The mean volume of the follicles and the total volume of primordial follicles per ovary were estimated by stereology and used to calculate the total estimated number of primordial follicles. The median of the total estimated number of primordial follicles seemed to be higher in Baltic individuals than in Greenland individuals (Gulf of Bothnia = 565,657; Greenland Sea = 122,475). This widens the total range of primordial follicles in ringed seals overall and might bear some potential for discussions regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors and environmental influences depending on different regions/populations and their exposure to various factors. Thus, this study aims to provide basic reference data of the number and mean volume of ringed seal primordial follicles.

Published
2022

34. Background 210Po activity concentrations in Greenland marine biota and dose assessment

Author

Hansen, Violeta, primary, Mosbech, Anders, additional, Rigét, Frank Farsø, additional, Søgaard-Hansen, Jens, additional, Bjerregaard, Peter, additional, Dietz, Rune, additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, Asmund, Gert, additional, Bøknæs, Niels, additional, Olsen, Maia, additional, Gustavson, Kim, additional, Boertmann, David, additional, Fabricius, Sandra Drewes, additional, Clausen, Daniel Spelling, additional, and Hansen, Alexander Serban, additional

Published
2022
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36. Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems: Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)

Author

Callaghan, Terry V., Tweedie, Craig E., Åkerman, Jonas, Andrews, Christopher, Bergstedt, Johan, Butler, Malcolm G., Christensen, Torben R., Cooley, Dorothy, Dahlberg, Ulrika, Danby, Ryan K., Daniëls, Fred J. A., de Molenaar, Johannes G., Dick, Jan, Mortensen, Christian Ebbe, Ebert-May, Diane, Emanuelsson, Urban, Eriksson, Håkan, Hedenås, Henrik, Henry, Greg. H. R., Hik, David S., Hobbie, John E., Jantze, Elin J., Jaspers, Cornelia, Johansson, Cecilia, Johansson, Margareta, Johnson, David R., Johnstone, Jill F., Jonasson, Christer, Kennedy, Catherine, Kenney, Alice J., Keuper, Frida, Koh, Saewan, Krebs, Charles J., Lantuit, Hugues, Lara, Mark J., Lin, David, Lougheed, Vanessa L., Madsen, Jesper, Matveyeva, Nadya, McEwen, Daniel C., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Narozhniy, Yuriy K., Olsson, Håkan, Pohjola, Veijo A., Price, Larry W., Rigét, Frank, Rundqvist, Sara, Sandström, Anneli, Tamstorf, Mikkel, Van Bogaert, Rik, Villarreal, Sandra, Webber, Patrick J., and Zemtsov, Valeriy A.

Published
2011
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49. Associations between climate change and temporal trends of contaminants in Arctic biota

Author

Vorkamp, Katrin, Carlsson, Pernilla, Corsolini, Simonetta, Dietz, Rune, Gribble, Matthew O., Houde, Magali, Kalia, Vrinda, Letcher, Robert J., Morris, Adam, Muir, Derek C. G., Rigét, Frank F., and Routti, Heli

Subjects
Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC), Arctic, temporal trends, climate change, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Arctic, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), temporal trends, climate change, Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC)
Published
2021

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