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Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) continúa siendo un problema de Salud Pública relevante a nivel mundial. En Chile es la principal causa de morbimortalidad y el factor de riesgo de mayor carga atribuible para la patología cardiovascular isquèc)mica y el accidente cerebrovascular. En este artículo se revisa su prevalencia, el grado de conocimiento, el logro de su control y tratamiento, así como su riesgo atribuible analizando la carga de enfermedad y la pèc)rdida de años por discapacidad. Se presentan estudios del impacto de su inclusión en el AUGE, resultados de la intervención multidisciplinaria, su interacción con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular y se comentan algunos aspectos de las actualizaciones de las guías internacionales para su manejo.

Objective. To estimate annual infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in Chile during 2008-2012. Methods. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for several infant outcomes were calculated based on previous study estimates of prenatal smoking prevalence and odds ratios associated with exposure (prenatal smoking relative to non-prenatal smoking). Prenatal smoking-attributable infant morbidity and mortality cases were calculated by multiplying the average annual number of morbidity and mortality cases registered in Chile during 2008-2012 by the corresponding PAF. Results. PAFs for 1) births ≤ 27 weeks; 2) births at 28-33 weeks; 3) births at 34-36 weeks; and 4) full-term low-birth-weight infants were 12.3%, 10.6%, 5.5%, and 27.4% respectively. PAFs for deaths caused by preterm-related causes and deaths caused by sudden infant death syndrome were 11.9% and 40.0% respectively. Annually, 2 054 cases of preterm-birth and full-term low-birth-weight (1 in 9 cases), 68 deaths caused by preterm-related causes (1 in 8 cases), and 26 deaths caused by sudden infant death syndrome (1 in 3 cases) were attributable to prenatal smoking. Conclusions. In Chile, infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking are unacceptably high. Comprehensive individual and population-based interventions for tobacco control should be a public health priority in the country, particularly among female adolescents and young women who will be the mothers of future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytic, observational, case-control, non paired study that included 36 elderly with chronic renal disease exposed to risk factors (cases), and another group integrated by 72 patients with similar biological characteristics, without this disorder, but with the same degree of risk exposure (control), belonging to "Camilo Torres Restrepo" Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from October, 2014 to the same period in 2015, aimed at determining the degree of causal association between some risk factors and the occurrence of this disease. Type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and persistent proteinuria were the predominant factors and of higher impact in the exposed population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos: Estimar el exceso de mortalidad en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de alcohol y calcular el impacto poblacional que puede atribuirse a dicho trastorno, haciendo especial énfasis en las diferencias según sexo y edad. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal de cohorte dinámica de tipo retrospectivo. Se reclutaron 7109 pacientes (76,5% hombres) de 18 a 64 años de edad que iniciaron tratamiento ambulatorio durante el periodo 1997-2006. El seguimiento de las defunciones se realizó mediante el registro de mortalidad del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se estimó la razón de mortalidad estandarizada (SMR) según la edad y el sexo, y el riesgo atribuible poblacional (RAP) por grupo de edad. Resultados: Murieron 557 personas (83% hombres). El exceso de mortalidad total fue ocho veces mayor respecto a la población general de 18-64 años de edad, y especialmente en el grupo de 25-34 años (SMR: 11,2 [intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%): 7,8-16,0] en hombres y 24 [IC95%: 11,5-50,4] en mujeres). Se observaron diferencias significativas según el sexo en todas las variables analizadas. En Barcelona ciudad, se estimó que el trastorno por consumo de alcohol ocasionaba 73 muertes al año; el 3,3% del total de defunciones de la ciudad en esta franja de edad. Este porcentaje era notablemente más alto en el grupo de 25-34 años (RAP: 19,4% [IC95%: 19,2-19,6]) y en el de 18-24 años (RAP: 11,1% [IC95%: 10,7-11,4]). Conclusiones: Los jóvenes y las mujeres con trastorno por consumo de alcohol tienen un riesgo elevado de mortalidad prematura. Para prevenirla debería mejorarse la detección del consumo problemático de alcohol y reforzar los programas de prevención selectiva e indicada.Objectives: To estimate excess mortality in patients with an alcohol use disorder and to calculate the population-based impact attributable to this disorder, with emphasis on differences according to gender and age. Methods: We carried out a longitudinal study of a dynamic retrospective cohort in which 7,109 patients (76.5% men) aged 18-64 years who started medical day treatment between 1997 and 2006 were recruited. Deaths were monitored until the end of 2006 using a national mortality register. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) by age and gender and population attributable risks (PAR) by age group were estimated. Results: There were 557 deaths (83% were men). The total excess mortality was 8 times higher than in the general population aged 18-64 years, especially in the group aged 25-34 years old (SMR: 11.2 [95% CI: 7.8-16.0] in men and 24 [IC95%: 11.5-50.4] in women). Significant differences by gender were found in all the variables analyzed. In Barcelona, alcohol use disorder was estimated to cause 73 deaths per year, representing 3.3% of the total annual deaths in this city in persons aged 18-64 years. This percentage was substantially higher in the groups aged 25-34 years (PAR: 19.4% [95% CI: 19.2-19.6]) and 18-24 years (PAR: 11.1% [95% CI: 10.7-11.4]). Conclusions: Women and young men with an alcohol use disorder have a higher risk of early mortality. Early detection of problematic alcohol consumption and selective and well-indicated prevention programs should be improved.

Um estudo correlacional foi realizado com 303 alunos de curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade privada da cidade de São Paulo. O estudo objetivou estabelecer associações/correlações entre fatores de risco para Doença Arterial Coronariana. O fator de risco isolado de maior relevância foi o sedentarismo (80,2%). Os fatores de risco associados de maior significância foram IMC > 25, correlacionado com a faixa etária dos 21 a 25 e o gênero masculino (p=0,043). Concluiu-se que entre os estudantes de enfermagem os hábitos alimentares e a falta de atividade física são determinantes para o sobrepeso e que estes fatores podem estar associados à ocorrência futura de Doença Arterial Coronariana.Un estudio correlacional fue realizado con 303 estudiantes de grado en enfermería en una universidad privada en São Paulo, SP, Brasil. El studio objetivó establecer asociaciones/correlaciones entre factores de riesgo para la Enfermedad Coronaria. El factor de riesgo aislado de mayor relevancia fue el sedentarismo (80,2%). Los factores de riesgo asociados de mayor significancia fueran el IMC > 25 correlacionado con la edad de los 21 a los 25 años y el género masculino (p=0,043). Se hay concluido que entre los estudiantes de grado en enfermería los hábitos de alimentación y la inactividad física son determinantes para el sobrepeso y que estos factores pueden estar asociados a futura ocurrencia de la Enfermedad Coronaria.A correlational study was carried out with 303 nursing students from a private nursing school in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The study aimed at establishing correlation among risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease. Isolated risk factor of major relevance was sedentary lifestyle (80,2%). Associated risk factors of major significance was BSA > 25 correlated with age range from 21 to 25 and gender male (p=0,043). It was concluded that among nursing students the feeding habits and sedentary lifestyle are determinant for weight overload and this factors may be associated to a future occurrence of Coronary heart Disease.

Objetivo. Estudiar la asociación entre defunciones registradas en la delegación Coyoacán y consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Material y métodos. Estudio de mortalidad proporcional y determinación de fracción atribuible en una cohorte de sujetos de la ciudad de México, D.F., México. Se reunió información de todas las defunciones de 1998 captadas a través del Sistema Estadístico y Epidemiológico de las Defunciones (SEED) en la delegación Coyoacán, clasificándolas por diagnóstico en enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (ESC), sistema respiratorio (EPOC), neoplasias (NEO). Se encuestó a familiares de los fallecidos sobre consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Resultados. Fumar los últimos 10 años de vida fue significativo para ESC en hombres de 70 años y más (RM: 2.06, IC 95%=1.18-3.58); y continuar fumando el último año de vida fue significativo para NEO y para EPOC en mujeres de 70 años y más (NEO= RM: 7.24, IC 95%=1.71-30.53; ESR= RM: 4.82, IC 95%=1.41-16.50). En el modelo de regresión para ESC, las personas con tabaquismo intenso tuvieron una posibilidad 0.83 veces mayor de fallecer por ESC, y el RA de esta variable para las ESC en la población general fue 45%. (RM=1.83; IC 95% = 1.1-2.8 pObjective. To study the mortality attributable to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods. Deaths occurring in 1998, abstracted from the mortality statistics registry in the Coyoacan District of Mexico City, were classified by cause as: Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, and Neoplasias. Relatives of the deceased were interviewed to answer a questionnaire on tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Results. Smoking during the last ten years of life was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease in men aged 70 years or older (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.18-3.58). Persistent smoking in the last year of life was significantly associated with deaths from neoplasias and respiratory diseases in women aged 70 years or older (OR: 7.24, 95% CI 1.71-30.53; OR: 4.82 95% CI 1.41-16.50, respectively). The regression model for cardiovascular disease showed that subjects with intense tobacco consumption were almost twice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, p

Objetivo. Estudiar la asociación entre defunciones registradas en la delegación Coyoacán y consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Material y métodos. Estudio de mortalidad proporcional y determinación de fracción atribuible en una cohorte de sujetos de la ciudad de México, D.F., México. Se reunió información de todas las defunciones de 1998 captadas a través del Sistema Estadístico y Epidemiológico de las Defunciones (SEED) en la delegación Coyoacán, clasificándolas por diagnóstico en enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (ESC), sistema respiratorio (EPOC), neoplasias (NEO). Se encuestó a familiares de los fallecidos sobre consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Resultados. Fumar los últimos 10 años de vida fue significativo para ESC en hombres de 70 años y más (RM: 2.06, IC 95%=1.18-3.58); y continuar fumando el último año de vida fue significativo para NEO y para EPOC en mujeres de 70 años y más (NEO= RM: 7.24, IC 95%=1.71-30.53; ESR= RM: 4.82, IC 95%=1.41-16.50). En el modelo de regresión para ESC, las personas con tabaquismo intenso tuvieron una posibilidad 0.83 veces mayor de fallecer por ESC, y el RA de esta variable para las ESC en la población general fue 45%. (RM=1.83; IC 95% = 1.1-2.8 p

Objective. To examine how policies adopted in Mexico in response to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control affected smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths. Methods. The SimSmoke simulation model of tobacco control policy is applied to Mexico. This discrete time, first-order Markov model uses data on population size, smoking rates and tobacco control policy for Mexico. It assesses, individually and jointly, the effects of seven types of policies: cigarette taxes, smoke-free air laws, mass media campaigns, advertising bans, warning labels, cessation treatment, and youth tobacco access policies. Results. The Mexico SimSmoke model estimates that smoking rates have been reduced by about 30% as a result of policies implemented since 2002, and that the number of smoking-attributable deaths will have been reduced by about 826 000 by 2053. Increases in cigarette prices are responsible for over 60% of the reductions, but health warnings, smoke-free air laws, marketing restrictions and cessation treatments also play important roles. Conclusions. Mexico has shown steady progress towards reducing smoking prevalence in a short period of time, as have other Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Panama and Uruguay. Tobacco control policies play an important role in continued efforts to reduce tobacco use and associated deaths in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) en el municipio Boyeros en los años 1994-1995, se realizó un estudio analítico (cohorte retrospectiva). Fueron estudiadas 4 461 embarazadas, de ellas 426 tuvieron hijos con BPN. Se utilizó el riesgo relativo y la prueba de chi cuadrado para conocer respectivamente magnitud y significación estadística de la asociación entre las variables independientes y la dependiente. Se determinó también el porcentaje de riesgo atribuible al factor de riesgo. Las alteraciones cervicales uterinas, la anemia del tercer trimestre y la sepsis vaginal, fueron los factores de riesgo más asociados con el BPN y los que producirían mayor impacto en la disminución del problema de salud. Ser fumadora o adolescente también constituyó factor de riesgo, no así la cantidad de partos o legrados previos y el bajo nivel de escolaridad de la madre.A cohort analytic retrospective study was conducted so as to identify those risk factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in the municipality of Boyeros from 1994 to 1995. 4 461 pregnant women were studied. 426 of them had children with LBW. The relative risk and the chi square test were used to know the magnitude and statistical significance of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The percentage of risk attributable to the risk factor was also determined. Cervical uterine alterations, anemia in the third trimester and vaginal sepsis were the risk factors most associated with LBW and the ones that produced a greater impact on the reduction of the health problem. Being a smoker or an adolescent was also a risk factor; however, the number of deliveries or previous induced abortions and the low educational level of the mothers were not considered as risk factors.

Esta comunicación de carácter metodológico se refiere a la aplicación del enfoque de riesgo en la atención estomatológica y destaca la importancia de éste para la atención primaria en salud bucal. Se describen los distintos conceptos y términos relacionados con los riesgos. Se argumentan los distintos parámetros utilizados en la medición de riesgos (riesgo absoluto, riesgo relativo, riesgo atribuible, etcétera). Se plantea la necesidad de su aplicación para la atención a la población, su identificación y grado de intervención-acción en la salud bucal. Se aplica el concepto de atención primaria de salud bucal como estrategia del subsistema de atención estomatológica. Se trata la promoción de salud como estrategia y la educación en salud bucal como método, así como la vigilancia y evaluación de los riesgos. Se destacan los factores de riesgo de los principales problemas de salud bucal.This communication with methodological character refers to the application of the risk approach to dental care, and underlines its importance for primary oral health care. The different concepts and terms associated with risks are described. The various parameters used to measure risks (absolute risk, relative risk, attributable risk, etc.) are explained. It is stated the need of its application for giving attention to the population, its identification and its intervention-action degree in oral health. The concept of primary oral health care as a strategy of the dental care subsystem is applied. Health promotion as an strategy, oral health education as a method, and the surveillance and evaluation of risks are dealt with in this paper. The risk factors of the main problems of oral health are also stressed.

OBJETIVE: To estimate the association between passive and active smoking exposures and lung cancer in Mexico City and the corresponding attributable risks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was analyzed from a multicenter population-based case-control study conducted in Mexico City. RESULTS: ORs for lung cancer in ever smokers were 6.2 (95% CI 3.9-10.2) for males and 2.8 (95% CI 1.7-4.4) for females. Passive smoking at home showed an overall OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.6), similar in both genders. Attributable risk for active smoking for both genders combined, and for males and females separately, was estimated at 55, 76 and 27%, respectively. Attributable risk for passive smoking at home was 17% for females, 3.9% for males and 12% for the entire population. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico City smoking is attributable to a smaller proportion of lung cancer cases than in developed countries. This is explained by a lower intensity of smoking in the Mexican population.OBJETIVO: Estimar la asociación entre tabaquismo pasivo y activo y cáncer pulmonar (CP) en la Ciudad de México (CM), así como los riesgos atribuibles asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analiza un estudio multicéntrico de casos-controles con base poblacional, realizado en la CM. RESULTADOS: Las RM para CP en alguna vez fumadores fueron de 6.2 (IC 95% 3.9, 10.2) en hombres y 2.8 (IC 95% 1.7, 4.4) en mujeres. La exposición pasiva al tabaco mostró una RM en ambos sexos de 1.8 (IC 95% 1.3, 2.6), similar en ambos sexos. Los riesgos atribuibles asociados al tabaquismo activo para ambos sexos, hombres y mujeres fueron de 55, 76 y 27%, respectivamente. El riesgo atribuible para tabaquismo fue de 17% en mujeres, 3.9% en hombres y 12% en ambos sexos. CONCLUSIONES: En la CM el tabaquismo explica una fracción menor de casos de CP que el estimado en países desarrollados. Esto se debe a que en México la intensidad del tabaquismo es menor.

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El ictus es una entidad de origen multifactorial y en su génesis se ha establecido una correlación positiva con algunos factores de riesgo aterogénico. Con el objetivo de caracterizar los factores de riesgo para los ictus incidentes se realizó un estudio prospectivo de corte transversal, de prevalencia en 289 pacientes sobrevivientes a un primer evento. El análisis estadístico estuvo dirigido a evaluar la diferencia de frecuencia y a evaluar el valor de cada factor de riesgo respecto al sexo y a las formas clínicas de la enfermedad. Predominó el sexo masculino y la edad media fue de 68,2 años; predominaron las formas clínicas más relacionadas con daño ateroesclerótico. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (88.5%), el hábito de fumar (62.2%), la cardiopatía isquémica (52.5%), y la hipercolesterolemia (55%). El 15.5% tenía un solo factor de riesgo; 42.9%, dos factores; 26.3%, tres y sólo 10.3%, cuatro factores de riesgo. Se concluye que existe similitud en cuanto a la cantidad y tipo de factores hallados en correspondencia con los estudios internacionales, que la caracterización adecuada permite identificar e individualizar el enfoque del paciente sobreviviente a un primer evento como pacientes de alto riesgo para la recurrencia y la discapacidad. Y que la planificación de estrategias de prevención secundaria debe descansar no sólo sobre la caracterización del riesgo individual, sino además sobre su valor patogénico, lo que permitirá cuantificar el valor del control de los mismos en la evolución posterior.The ictus is an entity of origin multifactorial and in its genesis a positive correlation has settled down with some of aterogenic risks factors. With the objective of characterizing the factors of risk for the incident ictus was carried out a prospective study of tranverse court, of prevalencia in 289 surviving patients to a first event. The statistical analysis was directed to evaluate the difference of frequency and to evaluate the value of each factor of risk regarding the sex and to the clinical forms of the illness. The masculine sex prevailed and the half age was of 68,2 years, the clinical forms prevailed more related with ateroesclerotic damage. The factors of habit of high rail of the arterial (88.5%) hypertension, of they were of frequent of more than risk of smoking (62.2%), the ischemic of cardiopatía (52.5%), and dislipidemia (55%). Rail high factor of alone of an of taenia 15.5% of risk, high rail to which 42.9% makes factors, rail high rail high factors of four 10.3% of only of and of three 26.3% of risk. You concludes that similarity exists as for the quantity and type of factors found in correspondence with the international studies that the appropriate characterization allows to identify and to individualize the focus from the surviving patient to a first event like patient of high risk for the recurrencia and the discapacity. And that the planning of strategies of secondary prevention should rest it doesn't only have more than enough characterization of the individual risk but also about its patogenic value, what will allow to quantify the value of the control of the same ones in the later evolution.

Objective: Quantify the impact of reducing the consumption of red/processed meats on cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality of the Spanish adult population based in 5 revisions published., Participants and Main Measurements: We defined exposure as consumption of ≥3 servings/week of red or processed meats and considered four possible scenarios of exposed population (30%-60%). Based on data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute, we calculated the weighted mortality between 40 and 80years. Using the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) published by the referred revisions (RR=0.88; IC95%: 0.84-0.93 for all-cause mortality and RR=0.92; IC95%: 0.90-0.93 for cardiovascular mortality), we calculated the expected mortality rate in both exposed and unexposed categories. By multiplying these rates by the number of exposed individuals, we estimated the attributable number of yearly deaths., Results: If 60% of the population was exposed, with a 95%CI, the number of cardiovascular deaths that could be averted each year if population consumed <3 servings/week of red or processed meats was between 2.112 and 3.055. If was exposed that 30%, the difference in the yearly number of potentially averted deaths was between 1.079 and 1.577., Conclusions: Even under the most conservative assumption, the benefit, at the population level, of reducing red or processed meats consumption <3 servings/week on cardiovascular mortality is important. The conclusions of the recently published reviews contradicted their own results and contributed to a state of confusion that can create substantial harm for public health., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) en el municipio Boyeros en los años 1994-1995, se realizó un estudio analítico (cohorte retrospectiva). Fueron estudiadas 4 461 embarazadas, de ellas 426 tuvieron hijos con BPN. Se utilizó el riesgo relativo y la prueba de chi cuadrado para conocer respectivamente magnitud y significación estadística de la asociación entre las variables independientes y la dependiente. Se determinó también el porcentaje de riesgo atribuible al factor de riesgo. Las alteraciones cervicales uterinas, la anemia del tercer trimestre y la sepsis vaginal, fueron los factores de riesgo más asociados con el BPN y los que producirían mayor impacto en la disminución del problema de salud. Ser fumadora o adolescente también constituyó factor de riesgo, no así la cantidad de partos o legrados previos y el bajo nivel de escolaridad de la madre.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how policies adopted in Mexico in response to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control affected smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths. METHODS: The SimSmoke simulation model of tobacco control policy is applied to Mexico. This discrete time, first-order Markov model uses data on population size, smoking rates and tobacco control policy for Mexico. It assesses, individually and jointly, the effects of seven types of policies: cigarette taxes, smoke-free air laws, mass media campaigns, advertising bans, warning labels, cessation treatment, and youth tobacco access policies. RESULTS: The Mexico SimSmoke model estimates that smoking rates have been reduced by about 30% as a result of policies implemented since 2002, and that the number of smoking-attributable deaths will have been reduced by about 826 000 by 2053. Increases in cigarette prices are responsible for over 60% of the reductions, but health warnings, smoke-free air laws, marketing restrictions and cessation treatments also play important roles. CONCLUSIONS: Mexico has shown steady progress towards reducing smoking prevalence in a short period of time, as have other Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Panama and Uruguay. Tobacco control policies play an important role in continued efforts to reduce tobacco use and associated deaths in Mexico.

Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional de tipo caso-control, no pareado, que incluyó a 36 adultos mayores con enfermedad renal crónica expuestos a factores de riesgo (casos), y otro grupo integrado por 72 pacientes con características biológicas similares, sin esta afección, pero con el mismo grado de exposición de riesgo (controles), pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente "Camilo Torres Restrepo" de Santiago de Cuba, desde de octubre de 2014 hasta igual periodo de 2015, con vistas a determinar el grado de asociación causal entre algunos factores de riesgo y la ocurrencia de dicha enfermedad. La diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, la hipertensión arterial y la proteinuria persistente fueron los factores predominantes y de mayor impacto en la población expuesta

Background and Objective: Smoking is an important public health problem, and is one of the main avoidable causes of morbidity and early mortality. The aim was to estimate the mortality attributable to smoking and its impact on premature mortality in Spain in the year 2012., Patients and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out on the Spanish population aged ≥ 18 years in 2012. The prevalence of smoking by age and sex was obtained from the National Health Survey 2011-2012, and the number of deaths by age, sex and cause was obtained from the vital statistics of the National Institute of Statistics. The proportion of deaths attributable to smoking was calculated according to sex and age group, from the etiological fraction of the population. Likewise, loss of potential years of life lost (PYLL) and the mean potential years of life lost (MPYLL) were also calculated., Results: In 2012, smoking caused 60,456 deaths which accounted for 15.23% of all deaths. Trachea-bronchial-lung cancer in men and other cardiopathies in women mostly contributed to this mortality. The PYLL were 184,426, and the MPYLL were 3.25 years in men and 2.42 years in women., Conclusions: In 2012, every day, 125 men and 40 women die from smoking-related conditions. The smoking prevalence has diminished in comparison with previous years and the number and percentage of deaths attributable to the smoking have increased in the last 20 years., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: [corrected] Underreporting of work-related cancer in the Basque Country (Spain) is massive. The aim of our study is to estimate the job-related cancer in the Basque Country in 2008 treated by the Basque Public Health System-Osakidetza, as well as the medical costs derived from its treatment in the same year., Methods: Scientific evidence from industrialised countries is used to estimate the number of processes of cancer attributable to work. Medical costs for specialised care (outpatient and hospital admissions) are derived from the National Health System cost accounts. Costs due to primary health care and pharmaceutical benefits are obtained from Spanish secondary sources. Figures were computed according to disease and sex., Results: We estimate 1,331 work-attributable cancers hospitalizations and 229 work-attributable cancers specialized ambulatory cases. Medical costs borne by public health care system exceed 10 million euros. Specialized care accounts for 64.2% of the total cost. Bronchus and lung cancer represents the largest percentage of total expenditure (27%), followed by the bladder cancer (12.6%), mesothelioma (8.6%), the colon cancer (7.3%), and stomach (6.7%)., Conclusions: The magnitude of cancer attributable to work in the Basque Country is much higher than reflected in the official Registry of Occupational Diseases. Underreporting of work-related cancers hampers prevention and shifts funding of medical costs from social security to the tax-financed public health system., (Copyright © 2012 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)