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HIV and AIDS in Ternate City are second ranks after North Halmahera District, especially in North Maluku Province. There were 684 HIV AIDS cases in 2007-April 2022, 24 new cases in 2022 (12 homosexuals, 10 heterosexuals, and 2 IDUs). Early detection of HIV testing is one way of knowing HIV status, especially in people at high risk. The aim is to describe the characteristics of Sex workers in entertainment locations X and Y in their willingness to carry out an HIV test. The study was conducted in July 2022 with a total population of 50 sex workers at entertainment locations X and Y. Samples were taken by total sampling. Data were taken using the IBBS questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Almost half of the respondents' age group is 30-39 years old (42%), high school education respondents (82%), unmarried respondents (66%), and respondents who have worked in entertainment venues X and Y for 1-5 years (60%). More than half of the respondents had good knowledge (76%), and all respondents received support related to HIV testing from peers, pimps, and health workers as well as the role of health workers who always carried out HIV tests. The better the understanding and knowledge of HIV AIDS, the more motivated they are to be willing to take an HIV test because understanding the condition is a high risk

Objectives: The influence of flax fibre loading on the dynamic thermal and mechanical characteristics of composites was investigated in this work. Methods: Flax composites were fabricated at 30 (F-30), 40(F-40) and 50(F-50) wt% fibre loading. As a control, a bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blend (P-20) containing 20% bio-phenolic was made. Results: The findings suggest that the incorporation of flax into the composites led to an enhancement in the dynamic mechanical properties of the experimental sample. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was identified via dynamic mechanical analysis to be between 60 °C and 85 °C. Aside from that, the cole–cole plot revealed a heterogeneous mixture of fabricated samples, with strong fibre-to-matrix adhesion. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed adding flax to the composite reduces thermal stability. Conclusions: With the integration of flax as reinforcement, it could be asserted that the composites' dynamic mechanical properties improved while their thermal stability reduced.

Virus corona (covid 19) mengakibatkan adanya perubahan dalam dunia pendidikan, dari pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi jarak jauh menuntut adanya sebuah trasformasi digital. Guru dituntut terampil dalam menerapkan pendekatan yang tepat agar pembelajaran tetap berjalan secara efektif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pendekatan yang digunakan guru dalam mengajar di masa pandemi covid 19 di SMP pada daerah terpencil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Informan (orang yang diwawancarai) adalah 3 orang kepala sekolah dan 108 orang guru. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan angket untuk memperoleh data tentang nama guru, usia, lokasi sekolah, jenjang pendidikan terakhir, jenis kelamin guru, strategi pembelajaran, dan media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru selama masa pandemi. Analisis data menggunakan prosedur interasis analisis, meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi atau penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pendekatan mengajar guru di daerah terpencil yaitu strategi offline, online dan hybrid. Di samping itu, peneliti juga menemukan bahwa usia guru menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan.

In this study, we investigated the microstructure and magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO and Zn0.98-xMnxFe0.02O (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.09) powders prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The starting material, which consisted of ZnO, Mn, and Fe powders, were wet milled for 3 hours using high-energy milling. We then used an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer to investigate the effects of doping and codoping on the microstructure, morphology, and magnetic properties, respectively. The XRD results suggest that Mn and Fe ions had substituted into the ZnO matrix, as illustrated by the resulting single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structures. The diffraction intensity was observed to decrease as the Mn composition increased. The analysis showed that the lattice parameters decreased due to Mn2+ and Fe3+ ion substitution in the ZnO matrix. The co-doping of Mn-Fe ions in the ZnO structure enhanced the magnetic properties, particularly due to the Zn0.89Mn0.09Fe0.02O composition. The increase in the Mn dopant and Mn-Fe co-dopant concentrations strongly contributed to the improved morphology and magnetic properties. Therefore, we can conclude that the presence of Mn and Fe co-dopants in the ZnO system contributed to its magnetic properties, as confirmed by high-saturation magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Blood culture diagnostics are critical tools for sepsis management and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. A baseline study was conducted to assess reported sepsis case finding, blood culture diagnostics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and antimicrobial use at secondary health care facilities to inform the development of diagnostic stewardship improvement strategies in Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 25 public secondary health care facilities in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) and Lagos State in Nigeria to evaluate the capacity for pathogen identification and AST. Data were then prospectively extracted on all patients with reported suspected sepsis from electronic medical records from selected departments at two facilities in the Federal Capital Territory from October 2020 to May 2021 to further assess practices concerning sepsis case-finding, clinical examination findings, samples requested, and laboratory test results. Data were descriptively analysed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with blood culture requests. Results In the online survey, 32% (8/25) of facilities reported performing blood cultures. Only one had access to a clinical microbiologist, and 28% (7/25) and 4% (1/25) used standard bacterial organisms for quality control of media and quality control strains for AST, respectively. At the two facilities where data abstraction was performed, the incidence of suspected sepsis cases reported was 7.1% (2924/41066). A majority of these patients came from the paediatrics department and were outpatients, and the median age was two years. Most did not have vital signs and major foci of infection documented. Blood cultures were only requested for 2.7% (80/2924) of patients, of which twelve were positive for bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. No clinical breakpoints were used for AST. Inpatients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 7.5, 95% CI: 4.6–12.3) and patients from the urban health care facility (aOR:16.9, 95% CI: 8.1–41.4) were significantly more likely to have a blood culture requested. Conclusion Low blood culture utilisation remains a key challenge in Nigeria. This has implications for patient care, AMR surveillance and antibiotic use. Diagnostic stewardship strategies should focus on improving access to clinical microbiology expertise, practical guidance on sepsis case finding and improving blood culture utilisation and diagnostics.

Sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) fiber is abundant in Malaysia which necessitates its utilization as a source of agricultural waste for industrial development. This paper aims at characterizing the sugar palm fiber to explore its silica content as a potential renewable material. The sugar palm fiber was carbonized, and the ash obtained was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESESM). The presence of amorphous silica (SiO2) with an average particle size of 41.25 nm was revealed by X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups such as silane and siloxane groups, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry identified the main degradation stages of the sugar palm fiber ash, and the decomposition of hemicellulose, lignin, cellulose, and carbonate to other oxides. The energy dispersive spectroscopy of the sugar palm fiber ash confirmed silica to be of the highest amount than other elements. Sugar palm fiber ash has been found as a possible silica substitute and a prospective industrial resource.

Business management in a building shop business is one way that can help business activities to get the best sales results. In business management, several strategies are needed, for example, the strategy of selling a collection of building goods into one type of product category, using this strategy buyers who usually only buy one item of goods can buy several items at once. This can increase sales patterns in the building shop. Therefore, the author uses one method, namely the association method with the a priori algorithm to find patterns in a building goods sales transaction every year, so that later the frequency of itemsets is found based on several determinant items, support and confidence values, to determine the association between combinations of product items. From the results, it will be used as a promotional media at Prima Jaya Baja Store so that it can support the level of sales of building goods products and can soon grow rapidly and become one of the reference stores for the sale of building goods in Central Lampung in particular and Lampung Province in general.

In industrial revolution era 4.0, students should be equipped with life skills. The skills must be introduced to students in all level, including higher education level. There are many strategies to train those skills to students, one of which is through Project-Based Learning (PjBL). The students will get various experiences through the steps of the teaching model. The aims of this research were to describe the steps of PjBL in Speaking for Informal Communication and to explain the process of acquiring life skills experienced by the students in Speaking for Informal Communication. This research used descriptive qualitative design. The subjects of the research were a lecturer who taught the subject and two students who took the subject. The techniques of data collection were observation, interviews and document analysis. The results of this research showed that the life skills obtained by the students were (1) self-awareness and personal life skills, (2) social skills, (3) thinking skills, (4) academic skills, (5) vocational skills.

This study explores the opinions of Malaysian clinical specialists on the antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis (IE) as described in the 2008 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline. This cross-sectional study was performed from September 2017 to March 2019. The self-administered questionnaire comprised two sections: background information of the specialists and their opinions on the NICE guideline. The questionnaire was distributed to 794 potential participants, and 277 responded (response rate of 34.9%). In general, 49.8% of the respondents believed that clinicians should adhere to the guideline, although the majority of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (54.5%) actually disagreed with this view. The dental procedures that were perceived as presented moderate-to-high risk for IE were minor surgery for an impacted tooth with a recent episode of infection, dental implant surgery, periodontal surgery and dental extraction in patients with poor oral hygiene. The cardiac conditions that were strongly recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis were severe mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation and previous IE. Less than half of Malaysian clinical specialists agreed with the changes in the 2008 NICE guideline, contributing to their insistence that antibiotic prophylaxis is still needed for high-risk cardiac conditions and selected invasive dental procedures.

Serological surveys provide an objective biological measure of population immunity, and tetanus serological surveys can also assess vaccination coverage. We undertook a national assessment of immunity to tetanus and diphtheria among Nigerian children aged p < 0.001). Full seroprotection (≥0.1 IU/mL) was the same for tetanus (42.2%) and diphtheria (41.7%), while long-term seroprotection (≥1 IU/mL) was 15.1% for tetanus and 6.0% for diphtheria. Full- and long-term seroprotection were higher in boys compared to girls (p < 0.001). Achieving high infant vaccination coverage by targeting specific geographic areas and socio-economic groups and introducing tetanus and diphtheria booster doses in childhood and adolescence are needed to achieve lifelong protection against tetanus and diphtheria and prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus.

Laundry box located at Jl Wijaya Kusuma Blok BS5 No.9, Jatisampurna Kec Jatisampurna, Bekasi City, West Java 17433, where this laundry business provides kilogram washing services including laundry services and dry, wash and dry and iron, wash bed cover, wash thin blankets to blankets thick. During this time the service administration process is still using activities manual. Laundry receipt transactions are still recorded in the receipt of receipt laundry. So to search for data experiencing difficulties and requires a long process. And to find out laundry income too must recapitulate all receipts of laundry. Besides data collection purchasing goods for laundry purposes also still uses data collection manual so knowing how much laundry costs takes time relatively long time. For this reason, it is hoped that an information system will be createdfor recording laundry expensesand incomecan run quickly, effectively and efficiently. Abstrak. Kotak binatu terletak di Jl Wijaya Kusuma Blok BS5 No.9, Jatisampurna Kec Jatisampurna, Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat 17433, dimana bisnis binatu ini menyediakan layanan cuci kiloan termasuk layanan binatu dan pengeringan, cuci dan kering dan setrika, cuci tutup tempat tidur, cuci tipis selimut tebal. Selama ini proses administrasi layanan masih menggunakan kegiatan manual. Transaksi penerimaan cucian masih tercatat dalam penerimaan penerimaan cucian. Maka untuk mencari data mengalami kesulitan dan membutuhkan proses yang panjang. Dan untuk mengetahui penghasilan cucian juga harus merekap semua penerimaan cucian. Selain itu pengumpulan data pembelian barang untuk keperluan laundry juga masih menggunakan manual pengumpulan data sehingga mengetahui berapa banyak biaya laundry membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama. Untuk alasan ini, diharapkan suatu sistem informasi akan dibuat untuk mencatat biaya cucian dan pendapatan dapat berjalan dengan cepat, efektif dan efisien.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the principal's leadership style, motivation, and professional competence on the performance of an elementary school teacher in the town of Kendari. The design of this research was path analysis. The study samples were 241 primary school teachers and they were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed statistically using path analysis with the program Linear Structural Relations (LISREL). The professional competence was equal ρy23 = 0.389, t = 4.751, table = 1,97 means t> t table, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted The results showed that: (1) there was a positive direct influence between headmaster leadership style to the performance of primary school teachers in the city of Kendari, (2) there was a direct positive influence between work motivation on the performance of primary school teachers in the city Kendari. The conclusion of this research are: (1) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of the leadership style of primary school teachers in Kendari; (2) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of work motivation of primary school teachers in Kendari; (3) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of the professional competence of primary school teachers in Kendari; (4) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of motivational leadership style work in Kendari; (5) There is a positive direct influence leadership style to the professional competence of teachers of primary schools in Kendari.

Abstract: Diversity in religion is a necessity, it cannot be eliminated. Extremism, radicalism, hate speech, to the breaking of relations between religious communities, are a major problem for the nation that must obtain intelligent solutions.This research is included in library research, therefore the steps to be taken are exploration of a number of data from various literatures, both primary data and secondary data. The method of data collection is done by collecting books, articles, journals, scientific opinions in which reveal and examine the madrasas and wasatiyahThe purpose of strengthening religious moderation-based religious education in madrasa are some values which are the foundation of behavior, tradition, and doing daily habits that are practiced in madrasas. Values and beliefs will not be present in a short time, it needs a long and continuous process. Abstrak: Keragaman dalam beragama itu sebuah keniscayaan, tidak mungkin dihilangkan.Ekstremisme, radikalisme, ujaran kebencian (hate speech), hingga retaknya hubungan antar umat beragama, merupakan problem besar bangsa yang harus mendapatkan solusi cerdas. Penelitian ini termasuk library research, karena itu langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan adalah eksplorasi terhadap sejumlah data dari berbagai literatur, baik data primer, maupun data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku, artikel, jurnal, opini ilmiah yang didalamnya mengungkap dan mengkaji wasatiyah dan budaya madrasah. Tujuan dari penguatan pendidikan moderasi beragama berbasis budaya madrasah adalah beberapa nilai yang menjadi pondasi berperilaku, bertradisi, dan melakukan kebiasaan keseharian yang di praktekkan di madrasah.Nilai-nilai dan keyakinan tidak akan hadir dalam waktu singkat, maka perlu proses panjang dan berkesinambungan.

This study aims to observe and determine the risk factor of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among Madura beef cattle and Madura-Limousine crossbreed cattle in Bangkalan Regency during dry season. A cross sectional method was applied in this study design. A total of 240 feces from 240 beef cattle were collected during dry season (July to August 2020). Observation of worms in the feces was conducted using the McMaster method. In addition, the sedimentation method was used to identify worms from the Trematode class. Data were analysed descriptively and statistically using chi-square method. The results showed that the prevalence of helminthiasis during dry season reached 20 %, with the most prevalence eggs type belongs to Strongyle spp. (14.5 %), Fasciola sp. (3.3 %), Trichostrongylus sp. (1.25 %), Strongyloides sp. (0.8 %), and Paramphistomum sp. (0.8 %). The degree of infection observed from the average number of worm eggs, was mild. Average geometric number of worm eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was Trichostrongylus sp. 233 (range 100 to 400), Strongyle spp. 122 (range 50 to 350), Strongyloides sp. 75 (range 50 to 100), Paramphistomum sp. 25 (range 1 to 50), and Fasciola sp. 1 (range 0 to 1). Hekminthiasis among beef cattle in Bangkalan Regency was not affected by the type of cow but was significantly affected by gender and age.

Abstract [Module Development Based on P. berghei Prevention Research in Musculus on Student Critical Thinking]. This study aims to develop learning module based on the research of prevent the occurrence P. berghei bacterial infection and as well as to determine students' critical thinking skills against learning process by modules. This study is Research and Development with 4D design (define, design, development, and desimination). The results of the study found prevention of Plasmodium behergei infection from% inhibitors of erythrocytes at each dose. The dosage used in this study was a dose of 0.014 g / kgbb, 0.028 g / kgbb, 0.056 g / kgbb. The dose of 0.014 g / kg has an 9,24 % inhibitor, a dose of 0.028 g / kgbb has a 9.93% inhibitor, the dose of 0.056 g / kgbb has a 6.61% inhibitor. So the dose of 0.028 g / kgbb is the dose that most reduces the risk of P.berghei infection Mus musculus. In this study the critical thinking students of Semester 6 Chemistry University of Bengkulu classically are good category with a score of 63.13. This percentage is divided in some indicators, the indicator focus to the question is 67.92 value on the Critical criteria, considering the source can be trusted or not in the critically enough criteria with a value of 59.58, conclude by induction and consider the results of induction with a value of 64, 58 with critical criteria and identify assumptions of getting 63.13 values with critical criteria. Keyword: Module; J. Multifida; P. Berghei; Mus musculus; Critical Thinking. (Received November 19, 2018; Accepted April 15, 2019; Published June 18, 2019) Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan modul pembelajaran berbasis penelitian pencegahan infeksi Plasmodium berghei terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Research and Development dengan desain penelitian 4D (define, design, development, and desimination). Hasil penelitian didapatkan pencegahan infeksi Plasmodium behergei dari % penghambat pada eritrosit pada setiap dosis. Dosis pada penelitian digunakan dosis 0,014 g/kgbb, 0,028 g/kgbb, 0,056 g/kgbb. Dosis 0,014 g/kgbb memiliki %penghambat 9,24 % , dosis 0,028 g/kgbb mimiliki %penghambat 9,93 %, dosis 0,056 g/kgbb memiliki %penghambat 6,61%. Jadi dosis 0,028 g/kgbb merupakan dosis yang paling mengurangi resiko terinfeksi P.bergehei pada mencit. Pada penelitian berpikir kritis mahasiswa pendidikan Kimia Semester 6 Universitas Bengkulu secara klasikal berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai 63,13. Persentase ini dibagi dalam beberapa indikator yakni indikator memfokuskan pertanyaan berada pada kriteria Kritis dengan nilai 67,92, mempertimbangkan apakah sumber dapat dipercaya atau tidak berada pada kriteria cukup kritis dengan nilai 59,58, menyimpulkan dengan cara induksi dan mempertimbangkan hasil induksi dengan nilai 64,58 dengan kriteria kritis dan mengidentifikasikan asumsi mendapatkan nilai 63,13 dengan kriteria kritis. Kata kunci: Modul; J. Multifida; P. Berghei; Mus musculus; Berpikir Kritis.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar komponen kimia yang meliputi zat ekstraktif, lignin, holoselulosa dan ?-selulosa pelepah sawit varietas dura, menjelaskan pengaruh bagian pelepah sawit varietas dura terhadap kadar ekstraktif, lignin, holoselulosa dan ?-selulosa, membandingkan perbedaan kadar komponen kimia antar bagian pangkal, tengah dan ujung dari pelepah sawit varietas dura, mengindentifikasi gugus fungsi yang ada pada sampel (lignin, holoselulosa dan ?-selulosa) dengan menggunakan metode spektroskopi FTIR, membandingkan pengaruh perbedaan hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah diberi pengembangan konsep makromolekul dengan melihat video yang diaplikasikan pada Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) terhadap cara berfikir kritis siswa Olimpiade Kimia. Zat ekstraktif, holoselulosa, ?- selulosa dan lignin dianalisis dengan menggunakan Tappi Test methode :204, T 203, T:222 serta diidentifikasi dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Hasil penelitian Kadar komponen kimia pada pelepah sawit varietas dura menurut bagiannya dari pangkal, tengah, ujung berturut-turut dengan rerata untuk kadar zat ekstraktif 8,92%, 7,80% , 7,23%. Lignin 24,89 %, 26,87 %, 24,17 %. Holoselulosa 84,11 %, 83,47 %, 82,24% dan ?- selulosa 45,76 %, 45,76 %, 45,54%. Penelitian pendidikan dengan desain one-group pretes-postes. Penelitian pendidikan dilakukan dengan melakukan proses pembelajaran menggunakan Video dan LKPD sesuai dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pada implementasi dalam pembelajaran terdapat perbedaan pada hasil belajar kimia sebelum dan sesudah proses pembelajaran menggunakan video dan LKPD. Rata-rata nilai pretest 42,25 sedangkan rata-rata postest sebesar 83,50 dan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar setelah dilakukan proses pembelajaran menggunakan Video dan LKPD secara signifikan sebesar 41.25. Kata kunci: zat ekstraktif; holoselulosa; selulosa; lignin; LKPD.

This study aims to (1) determine the levels of the components of the Tenera variety of palm oil compounds including extractives, holocellulose, ? - cellulose, and lignin. (2) Analyze the utilization of the pulp of Tenera varieties as pulp raw materials based on their chemical components; (3) application of chemistry learning module to improving student learning outcomes. Determination of extractive substance content with TAPPI test methods Q: 204; lignin content T: 222; holocellulose Q: 9 levels and ?-cellulose content with TAPPI test methods T: 204. then lignin, holocellulose and ?-cellulose produced from the procedure were characterized by an IR spectrophotometer. The results of the study were module and implemented in ICHO students in SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu. The data of the research results were analyzed by ANOVA test at 5% level. The results of the characterization of lignin, holocellulose and ?-cellulose with FTIR obtained a distinctive peak of the respective functional groups of the macromolecules. From the research also obtained the average value of chemical component content on the palm velvet varieties of tenera according to their part of base, middle, ends with mean for extractive substance 8.49%, 7,87%, 6,74%, lignin 20,7 %, 18.95%, 16.69%. holocellulose 81.57%, 80.33%, 79.24% and ?- cellulose 44.57%, 43.56%, 43.26%. Based on the results of the variance analysis, the difference in position (base, center, tip) on the palm oil of the tenera varieties on extractive, lignin, holocellulose and ?-cellulose substances has significant differences. Based on the chemical component classification of Indonesian wide wood leaf, sheep betera varieties of tenera in all three positions are used as pulp raw materials because they have moderate lignin content, high levels of Holocellulose and moderate levels of ?-cellulose. The result of module implementation in students there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest value. The use of modules in learning in science groups can improve student learning outcomes.

Polymer blends is a well-established and suitable method to produced new polymeric materials as compared to synthesis of a new polymer. The combination of two different types of polymers will produce a new and unique material, which has the attribute of both polymers. The aim of this work is to analyze mechanical and morphological properties of bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends to find the best formulation for future study. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were fabricated using the hand lay-up method at different loading of bio-phenolic (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) in the epoxy matrix whereas neat bio-phenolic and epoxy samples were also fabricated for comparison. Results indicated that mechanical properties were improved for bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends compared to neat epoxy and phenolic. In addition, there is no sign of phase separation in polymer blends. The highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength was shown by P-20(biophenolic-20 wt% and Epoxy-80 wt%) whereas P-25 (biophenolic-25 wt% and Epoxy-75 wt%) has the highest tensile and flexural modulus. Based on the finding, it is concluded that P-20 shows better overall mechanical properties among the polymer blends. Based on this finding, the bio-phenolic/epoxy blend with 20 wt% will be used for further study on flax-reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends.

Biopulping is fungal pretreatment of wood chips to reduce unused chemical composition of material in pulping. Preliminary study showed that pretreatment of Phanerochaeta chrysosporium to Acacia mangium Willd can reduce lignin and improve holocellulose and cellulose content of the material. Fiber dimension recognized as other important factor for paper properties. The question is how the integrity and dimensions of the wood fiber that has been pretreated with the fungus. The objectives of present study were to know effect of pretreatment of P. chrysosporium to the integrity and dimensions of the fiber. The P. chrysosporium was cultured for 14 days in growth medium, and inoculated to wood chips 5% (w/v) and incubated for 0, 15 and 30 days. The inoculated wood chips were chipped into 1 mm x 1 mm x 20 mm and macerated using franklin solution at 60 oC for 48 hours. Forty fibers from each incubated time were analized their physical damages using a light microscope at a 400 magnification. The inoculated fibers were measured theirs dimensions. The physical damage percentage of fibers pretreated using P. chrysosporium was 0%. Length and wall thickness of the pretreated fibers were can be categorized as middle class and thin fibers, respectively.

The aim of the present research work is to enhance the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar/Cocos nucifera sheath (CS)/epoxy composites with graphene nano platelets (GNP). Laminates were fabricated through the hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing. GNP at different wt.% (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) were incorporated with epoxy resin through ultra-sonication. Kevlar/CS composites with different weight ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) were fabricated while maintaining a fiber/matrix weight ratio at 45/55. Thermal degradation and viscoelastic properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysys (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, and a dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). The obtained results revealed that Kevlar/CS (25/75) hybrid composites at 0.75 wt.% of GNP exhibited similar thermal stability compared to Kevlar/epoxy (100/0) composites at 0 wt.% of GNP. It has been corroborated with DSC observation that GNP act as a thermal barrier. However, DMA results showed that the Kevlar/CS (50/50) hybrid composites at 0.75 wt.% of GNP exhibited almost equal viscoelastic properties compared to Kevlar/epoxy (100/0) composites at 0 wt.% GNP due to effective crosslinking, which improves the stress transfer rate. Hence, this research proved that Kevlar can be efficiently (50%) replaced with CS at an optimal GNP loading for structural applications.

This research investigated the effect of adding different wt.% (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of GNP (graphene nanoplatelets) to improve the mechanical and moisture resistant properties of Kevlar (K)/cocos nucifera sheath (CS)/epoxy hybrid composites. The laminates were fabricated with different K/CS weight ratios such as 100/0 (S1), 75/25 (S2), 50/50 (S3), 25/75 (S4), and 0/100 (S5). The results revealed that the addition of GNP improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of laminated composites. However, the optimal wt.% of GNP varies with different laminates. A moisture diffusion analysis showed that the laminates with a 0.25 wt.% of GNP content efficiently hindered water uptake by closing all the unoccupied pores inside the laminate. Morphological investigations (SEM and FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)) proved that the addition of GNP improved the interfacial adhesion and dispersion. Structural (XRD and FTIR) analyses reveals that at 0.25 wt.% of GNP, all the hybrid composites showed a better crystallinity index and the functional groups presents in the GNP can form strong interactions with the fibers and matrix. A statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, and it corroborates that the mechanical properties of different laminates showed a statistically significant difference. Hence, these GNP-modified epoxy hybrid composites can be efficiently utilized in load-bearing structures.

Optimation biokraft of fungi P. Chrysosporium through elongated incubation time on mixed stem and branch waste mangium is a solution to solve the environmental pollution problem, low quality of pulp and limited raw material. Effect of P. Chrysosporium 10 % concentration and 45 days incubation time on pre research could not decrease lignin optimally and exstractive degradation had not occured yet. The aims of the study were to observe the effect of incubation time extension, and to determine the best incubation time of P. Chrysosporium applied at 10 % concentration based on the chemical component percentage, 45, 60 and 75 days on mixed stem and branch as raw material for pulp. Results showed that increasing incubation time decreased extractive and lignin content and increased holocelulosa and alpha celulosa content. Mixed stem and branch with 10% amount and 75 day incubation time of P. Chrysosporium gave the best results for raw material of pulp.

Introduction: Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), known for its critical role in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis, is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury. While the systemic renin-angiotensin system is suppressed during aging, little is known about its regulation and activity within aging tissues. Yet, understanding the association between renal aging and the RAS is crucial for providing individualized care in the elderly. Methods and Results: In this study, we examined the Ercc1d/- progeroid mouse model, which mimics many aspects of human aging, for age-related changes in the RAS and associated renal injury. We used the renin activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe ReninSense680™ to facilitate non-invasive imaging of renin activity in vivo. We validated the specificity of the probe, by detecting increased intrarenal activity after losartan treatment and the absence of fluorescence in renin knock-out mice. Initial renal development was normal in Ercc1d/- mice. However, age-related kidney pathology, tubular anisokaryosis, glomerulosclerosis and increased apoptosis was observed in kidneys of 12, 18 and 24-week-old Ercc1d/- mice, which resembled the renal pathology of aging 104 week old wildtype animals. Next, we examined the in vivo renin activity. Interestingly, while plasma renin activity was lower in progeroid Ercc1d/- compared to WT mice, we found increased intrarenal renin activity in Ercc1d/- kidneys. We are currently investigating how this increased intrarenal renin activity contributes to the observed aging phenotype of Ercc1d/- mice. Conclusion: Whereas circulating renin levels in the progeroid Ercc1d/- mouse model are lower compared to wildtype mice, active renin is increased in the kidney resulting in age-related kidney injury. In conclusion, longitudinal imaging of circulating and tissue renin activity in progeroid Ercc1d/- mouse provides important insights into the altered RAS signaling that occurs with age, opening up possibilities for individualized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]