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Background Sustaining independence is important for older people, but there is insufficient guidance about which community health and care services to implement. Objectives To synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of community services to sustain independence for older people grouped according to their intervention components, and to examine if frailty moderates the effect. Review design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria Studies: Randomised controlled trials or cluster-randomised controlled trials. Participants: Older people (mean age 65+) living at home. Interventions: community-based complex interventions for sustaining independence. Comparators: usual care, placebo or another complex intervention. Main outcomes Living at home, instrumental activities of daily living, personal activities of daily living, care-home placement and service/economic outcomes at 1 year. Data sources We searched MEDLINE (1946–), Embase (1947–), CINAHL (1972–), PsycINFO (1806–), CENTRAL and trial registries from inception to August 2021, without restrictions, and scanned reference lists. Review methods Interventions were coded, summarised and grouped. Study populations were classified by frailty. A random-effects network meta-analysis was used. We assessed trial-result risk of bias (Cochrane RoB 2), network meta-analysis inconsistency and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation for network meta-analysis). Results We included 129 studies (74,946 participants). Nineteen intervention components, including ‘multifactorial-action’ (multidomain assessment and management/individualised care planning), were identified in 63 combinations. The following results were of low certainty unless otherwise stated. For living at home, compared to no intervention/placebo, evidence favoured: multifactorial-action and review with medication-review (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.59; moderate certainty) multifactorial-action with medication-review (odds ratio 2.55, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 10.60) cognitive training, medication-review, nutrition and exercise (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 4.77) and activities of daily living training, nutrition and exercise (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 4.76). Four intervention combinations may reduce living at home. For instrumental activities of daily living, evidence favoured multifactorial-action and review with medication-review (standardised mean difference 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.21; moderate certainty). Two interventions may reduce instrumental activities of daily living. For personal activities of daily living, evidence favoured exercise, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management (standardised mean difference 0.16, 95% confidence interval −0.51 to 0.82). For homecare recipients, evidence favoured the addition of multifactorial-action and review with medication-review (standardised mean difference 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.88). Care-home placement and service/economic findings were inconclusive. Limitations High risk of bias in most results and imprecise estimates meant that most evidence was low or very low certainty. Few studies contributed to each comparison, impeding evaluation of inconsistency and frailty. Studies were diverse; findings may not apply to all contexts. Conclusions Findings for the many intervention combinations evaluated were largely small and uncertain. However, the combinations most likely to sustain independence include multifactorial-action, medication-review and ongoing review of patients. Some combinations may reduce independence. Future work Further research is required to explore mechanisms of action and interaction with context. Different methods for evidence synthesis may illuminate further. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019162195. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR128862) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 28, No. 48. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information. Plain language summary Which community services are best for helping older people to be independent? Key messages Due to a lack of robust evidence, the benefits and risks of most types of community services for older people are unclear. Individualised care planning, where medication is adjusted and there are regular follow-ups, probably helps people stay living at home. What are community services for older people? There are many kinds of community services for older people. For example, in some services, everyone is given exercise and dietary advice or an individualised care plan. These often aim to help older people age independently. What was the study about? Maintaining independence is important in later life. We wanted to find out which community services work best: to help people stay living at home, and to do day-to-day activities independently. We reviewed findings from previous studies that have tested different community services for older people. We combined these findings and compared different types of service with one another. We rated our confidence in the evidence. What did we find? We found 129 studies with 74,946 people. We found 63 different kinds of service have been studied. The studies were carried out in diverse populations around the world. Individualised care planning, where medication is adjusted and there are regular follow-ups, may help people age independently. It probably increases the chance of staying at home slightly. It may also help with doing day-to-day activities very slightly. Exercise and dietary advice may also help people stay living at home. However, there was some evidence that some services may reduce independence. We do not know what effect most services have. What are the limitations of the evidence? We generally had little confidence in the evidence because studies were small, and information was missing. How current is the evidence? The evidence is up to date to August 2021. Scientific summary Background The number and proportion of older people are growing in the UK and worldwide. Maintaining independence is a goal of community health and care services for older people. The concept of frailty can be used to distinguish between people who remain in robust health in later life and those who are at greater risk of losing independence and needing care. Previous research has suggested that community-based complex interventions are generally effective for supporting independence for older people, but only broad service models have been explored. There is insufficient guidance about which services to implement and the appropriateness of different services for different levels of frailty. We aimed to provide a rigorous, contemporary synthesis of trial evidence to identify how interventions might best be configured to improve outcomes for older people, and inform the commissioning and delivery of evidence-based services. Objectives (list of research questions) Do community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people increase living at home, independence and health-related quality of life? Do community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people reduce homecare usage, depression, loneliness, falls, hospitalisation, care-home placement, costs and mortality? How should interventions be grouped for network meta-analysis (NMA)? What is the optimal configuration of community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people? Do intervention effects differ by a population’s frailty level (robust; pre-frailty; frailty)? Methods Systematic review with NMA of trials evaluating community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people (mean age 65 years and over), compared with usual care or another complex intervention meeting our criteria, with follow-up for at least 24 weeks. We followed Cochrane methods, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) NMA guidance. Information sources We searched the following databases and trial registers from inception between 9 and 11 August 2021: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Wiley (1992–); MEDLINE Ovid (1946–); Embase and Embase Classic Ovid (1947–); CINAHL EBSCOhost (1972–); APA PsycINFO Ovid (1806–); US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov); World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (https://trialsearch.who.int). We scanned the reference lists of included studies. Study selection Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster-RCTs. Participants were older people living at home (mean age 65 years or older). Participants living in residential/nursing homes were excluded. With an intervention that: was both initiated and mainly provided in the community included two or more interacting components (intervention practices, structural elements and contextual factors) was targeted at the individual person, with provision of appropriate specialist care focused on sustaining (maintaining or improving) the person’s independence. Usual care, ‘placebo’ or attention control or a different complex intervention which met our criteria were eligible comparators. Outcome data were measured at a minimum 24 weeks (approximately 6 months) time point. Study selection process Two researchers independently evaluated eligibility of records (title and abstract) and reports (full text). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Data collection process Two researchers independently collected data. Main outcomes Living at home. Activities of daily living (ADL): personal ADL (PADL)/instrumental ADL (IADL). Hospitalisation. Care-home placement. Homecare services (non-healthcare professional) usage. Costs. Cost-effectiveness. Additional outcomes Health status/health-related quality of life. Depression. Loneliness. Falls. Mortality. Data were extracted (including treatment effect estimates) and categorised into three time frames: short term (around 6 months): 24 weeks to 9 months medium term (around 12 months): > 9 months to 18 months long term (around 24 months): > 18 months with the medium term as our main time frame. Intervention grouping We grouped all eligible interventions (including comparators) in preparation for NMA in a three-stage process of coding and summarising based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication framework, categorisation and grouping. Assessment of frailty Two reviewers with extensive clinical academic frailty expertise (AC and JG) independently categorised study level frailty (robust, pre-frailty, frailty) based on validated measures where available or participant characteristics and study inclusion criteria using the phenotype model as a framework. Risk-of-bias assessment Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias (RoB) in each result of interest from each included study, using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Data synthesis Meta-analysis was conducted for living at home, PADL, IADL and care-home placement for each of the three time frames separately, and for hospitalisation, health status and depression in the medium term only. Other outcomes were narratively synthesised. Meta-analysis We meta-analysed the extracted effect estimates using modules within Stata. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Initially, for each outcome and time frame, we performed a separate meta-analysis for each type of intervention versus control, to provide summary effectiveness results based only on direct evidence. An NMA was then conducted (for each outcome and time frame separately) using a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis framework via the network module in Stata using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. We produced summary (pooled) effect estimates for each pair of treatments in the network, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Based on the results, the ranking of intervention groups was calculated using resampling methods. The consistency assumption (that direct and indirect evidence are consistent with each other) was examined for each treatment comparison where possible and across the whole network. The effect of study-level frailty on each intervention group effect was examined where data allowed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted excluding results at the highest RoB, and funnel plots examined for small-study effects. Confidence in cumulative evidence We used the GRADE framework, adapted for NMA, to rate the certainty of the results of our NMA. Summary of economic evidence We followed the brief economic commentary framework to summarise, compare and contrast the principal findings from the included studies. Results We screened 40,112 records and assessed 973 reports for eligibility. We included 129 studies consisting of 496 reports. The studies assigned 74,946 participants (three studies missing data) to 266 eligible intervention arms. They were predominantly conducted in developed countries and most participants were described as white. Nonetheless, the overall population included a broad range of demographic characteristics. Study populations included all frailty levels. We identified 19 separate components of included interventions which were evaluated in 63 combinations including the absence of all of these components, which we termed available care (ac), and homecare (a common control group in populations where all participants were receiving homecare). Homecare involved frequent visits at home by professionals who typically supported domestic and self-care tasks. Five components were primarily about a process of ascertainment or assessment and planning with subsequent action: multifactorial-action from care planning (a process of individualised multidomain assessment and management) with or without routine review (scheduled, regular follow-ups), medication-review, monitoring and routine risk-screening. The 14 other components and their short labels (bold) were ADL training, providing aids and adaptations, alternative medicine, care voucher provision, cognitive training, health education, physical exercise, formal homecare, engagement in meaningful-activities, nutritional support, psychological (mood) therapy (psychology), social skills training, technology for communication and engagement (telecoms), welfare rights advice. Multifactorial-action was further delineated based on the presence or absence of an embedded medication-review and specific self-management strategies. We judged most results to be at high RoB, primarily due to missing outcome data. This led to serious concerns with RoB for many of the GRADE ratings of evidence. Findings Most networks were small and sparse, with few included studies contributing to most networks. We found little evidence of inconsistency but there was usually low power to detect this. All outcomes except mortality needed to be analysed in two separate NMAs as the networks were disconnected: one with ac as the reference comparator (‘available-care network’) and one with homecare as the reference comparator (‘homecare network’). Estimates are reported here only in comparison with the reference comparator. Comparisons with ac can be thought of as the effect of adding the intervention for a population who are not all receiving any particular care; comparisons with homecare are similarly an alternative intervention for a population already in receipt of homecare without associated reablement or multifactorial-action from care planning. Most estimates were low certainty or very low certainty due to RoB, imprecision or their combination, and we do not describe very low-certainty evidence below. Living at home For living at home in the medium term there were 21 studies (n = 16,937) with 14 intervention groups in the available-care network. There was moderate-certainty evidence that multifactorial-action and review with medication-review probably results in a slight increase in the chance of living at home [odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.59; moderate certainty]. There was low-certainty evidence that multifactorial-action with medication-review [OR 2.55 (large), 95% CI 0.61 to 10.60]; cognitive training, medication-review, nutrition and exercise [OR 1.93 (large), 95% CI 0.79 to 4.77]; and ADL, nutrition and exercise [OR 1.79 (large), 95% CI 0.67 to 4.76] may result in an increase in the chance of living at home, and that risk-screening; education, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review; and education, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management may each result in some reduction in chance of living at home. Other comparisons with ac were of very low certainty. In the short- and long-term time frames, results were at best low certainty. For multifactorial-action and review with medication-review; and ADL, nutrition and exercise, estimates were similarly of small increases in the long term but of little to no difference in the short term. There were similar results in other time frames for education, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management; and risk-screening, but contrasting evidence of reduction followed by an increase in living at home for education, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review. The homecare network for living at home was smaller (five studies, n = 1978 in the medium term). In the short- and medium-term time frames, there was low-certainty evidence that homecare, ADL, multifactorial-action and review with self-management may result in a moderate or large reduction in the chance of living at home compared with homecare alone. Instrumental activities of daily living For the medium-term instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) available-care network there were 16 studies (n = 5309) with 14 intervention groups. Multifactorial-action and review with medication-review was associated with very slightly increased independence in IADL versus ac [standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.11, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.21; moderate-certainty evidence]. Two intervention groups may result in some reduction in IADL: ADL, aids and exercise; and ADL, aids, education, exercise, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management. There were contrasting findings for multifactorial-action and review with medication-review in the long term, with moderate-certainty evidence of a very slight reduction in IADL (SMD −0.08, 95% CI −0.21 to 0.05). For the homecare network, there was one low certainty finding in the short-term time frame of little to no difference for homecare, ADL, multifactorial-action and review with self-management with all other estimates being very low certainty. Personal activities of daily living For personal activities of daily living (PADL), 20 trials (n = 8583 participants) with 16 intervention groups contributed to the medium-term available-care network. One comparison was judged low certainty. Exercise, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management may result in a very slight increase in PADL (SMD 0.16, 95% CI −0.51 to 0.82). The homecare network included four trials (n = 632 participants) in the medium term. As for ac, only one comparison with homecare was low certainty: homecare, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review may result in an increase in PADL [SMD 0.60 (moderate), 95% CI 0.32 to 0.88]. Other outcomes For the service outcome of hospitalisation, there were low-certainty estimates of some reductions for education, exercise, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management; and education, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review; and of an increase for exercise, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management. For care-home placement, all estimates were rated very low certainty in the medium term. There was some evidence of both increases and decreases in use of homecare services with little pattern (not meta-analysed). For our additional outcomes, there was little evidence of any effect on self-reported health status, only low certainty beneficial findings regarding depression, very little evidence regarding loneliness and more complex interventions were associated with less falling than more falling (12 studies vs. 4 studies). For mortality, there was a large network of 65 studies (n = 38,351) and 41 intervention groups. There was low-certainty evidence of reductions for two, and increases for five, intervention groups. The summary of economic evidence included 39 studies. Based on the conclusions of 22 studies that performed a full economic evaluation, five intervention groups appeared promising compared with a standard intervention or ac from an economic perspective: ADL (medium-term time horizon); homecare, multifactorial-action and review with medication-review and self-management (short-term time horizon); meaningful-activities and education (short- and medium-term time horizon); multifactorial-action and review with medication-review (short- but not medium- or long-term time horizon); and exercise and multifactorial-action with medication-review (long-term time horizon). Summary across outcomes We found evidence that multifactorial-action and review with medication-review probably improves some important outcomes slightly (living at home, IADL), but there was also contradictory evidence for IADL in the long term. For some other intervention groups there was low-certainty evidence that they may improve or worsen particular outcomes but for most intervention groups evidence was either absent or very uncertain. Conclusions Available evidence suggests the community-based complex interventions most likely to sustain independence in older people involve multifactorial-action from multidomain assessment and individualised care planning, routine review and the incorporation of medication-review. There was also some positive evidence for the combination of exercise and nutritional support and multiple other intervention combinations. Decision-makers should be aware that there is plausible evidence that some community-based complex interventions may worsen outcomes such as living at home and ADL independence and that all of these findings are tentative. We recommend the uncertainty in these findings be addressed by: realist synthesis to explore the mechanisms and broader contextual factors relating to individual benefit or harm future robust, large-scale trials which compare alternative interventions with multifactorial-action and review with medication-review future Individual Participant Data meta-analysis (IPDMA) focusing on interventions with multifactorial action to explore factors relating to individual benefit or harm greater reporting of the organisational aspects of intervention implementation in complex intervention research. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019162195. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR128862) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 28, No. 48. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Introduction: According to Pekanbaru City Health Department in 2019, there were 17.,67% of toddlers in Pekanbaru with poor nutritional status. Poor sanitation can trigger the emergence of infectious diseases that can reduce nutritional absorption in toddlers throughout the digestive process, resulting in stunting. The aim of this study was to analyze environmental sanitation influences on stunting. Methods: This research used case control study design. The case and control groups each received 30 samples. Independent variables include water source for sanitation, condition of latrines, condition of hand washing facilities with soap, condition of waste water drainage channels, management of household waste, type and condition of floors, presence of vectors and disease carrier animals, drinking water quality from biological conditions. The dependent variable was stunting. All data were collected using questionnaires that were asked directly to participants. Data analysis was performed by using the chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. Results and Discussion: Water sources for sanitation, availability and condition of latrines, drinking water quality from biological terms influences on stunting (p-value

Objective: To assess the perceptions of mothers with stunted children regarding the factors contributing to stunting in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Introduction: Stunting is intricately linked to underlying risk factors, and understanding these factors is crucial for preventing its recurrence, particularly for mothers who play a central role in caring for stunted children. Methods: The research sample consisted of mothers referred by the Perhentian Raja Community Health Center with stunted children. Purposive sampling was employed to select informants and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 15 informants were interviewed, leading to the identification of five themes related to stunting risks: (1) before pregnancy, (2) during pregnancy, (3) postnatal, (4) infectious disease factors, and (5) socio-demographic factors. Conclusion: The study indicates that mothers hold diverse opinions about factors contributing to stunting, with their views being shaped by health programs and personal experiences, specifically focusing on aspects like breastfeeding and weaning foods. Additionally, it underscores that education and economic challenges introduce complexity to understanding how mothers perceive the risk factors associated with stunting.

This study aims to determine the mufrodat memorization ability using the singing method assisted by the Popular Children's Song Application. Fifteen children aged 7-10 years participated in this study to take part in the "I Love Arabic" program in the Sukamulya Village, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental research method was used. Data were collected through tests, observation, and documentation. Descriptive statistical data analysis by presenting the average and N-Gain was used. The results showed that average of the pretest of children's abilities in memorizing mufrodat before the treatment was 37.88. In comparison, the average of the post-test after using the singing method assisted by Popular Children's Song's application was 54.44. The N-Gain value shows that there is a low increase in memorization ability with a value of 0.266. The low increase in children's abilities is influenced by several factors, such as the children's ability to read the alphabet and hijaiyyah letters which are still very low, unclear pronunciation, and the lack of ability to distinguish Hijaiyyah letters which have similarities in sound and writing.

Telmisartan is an anti-hypertensive drug that exhibits poor aqueous solubility. In this work, salt formation was utilized to address this issue. Three hydrochloride salts of telmisartan (TELHCl), a trihemihydrate hydrochloride salt (TELHCl-Hyd), and two anhydrate forms (TELHCl-A and TELHCl-B) were obtained. The crystal structures of TELHCl-Hyd and TELHCl-A were determined using single-crystal structure analysis. TELHCl-Hyd is a channel hydrate that has structural similarities with TELHCl-A. The structures of both crystals are mainly composed of chain structures formed by centrosymmetric dimers connected via carboxylic–benzimidazole hydrogen bonding. Despite their structural similarities, the dehydration of TELHCl-Hyd led to the formation of TELHCl-B. The solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), powder flowability, and tabletability of TELHCl-Hyd and TELHCl-B were characterized and compared with those of the telmisartan free base form (TEL). The hydrochloride salts enhanced the solubility of telmisartan approximately 10 to 20 times and maintained the spring parachute effect up to 24 h. The IDR was also improved due to the existence of a hydrophilic channel that facilitates the dissolution of telmisartan cations. The resulting salts had a larger particle size and a more favorable crystal morphology that led to a better powder flowability. However, the tabletability was not improved by salt formation. The TEL exhibited a defined slip plane and a higher specific surface area that may assist the tableting process.

The purpose of this reseach is to know the principle of edupreneurship according to the Islamic perspertive. The reseach method that the author uses is qualitative-descriptive with a library research approach. The data collection technique here is documentation. that the principles of edupreneurship in the view of Islam are to optimize the various potentials possessed in order to produce scientific added value as well as relevant economic added value in the field of Islamic education. Islamic edupreneurship will develop students' habits in entrepreneurship to remain creative and innovative, such as writing books according to their respective interests and fields, or carrying out other activities that can provide added value economically. As a result, it will bring students to change who initially as users then turn into producers. The results of the research from the principle of edupreneurship according to this Islamic perspective are self-confidence, initiative in an energetic sense, focus on tasks and results, far-sighted, leadership spirit, dare to take risks, calculating, communicative, reflective, originality, innovative, creative, flexible. wise in making policies and decisions. Keywords: Edupreneurship, Islam

In this article, we give a brief overview of security and management issues that arise in all-optical networks (AONs). Then we present an outline of the multiple attack localization and identification (MALI) algorithm that can participate in some of the tasks for fault management in AONs. Consequently, we discuss a hardware-based control unit that can be embedded in AON nodes to accelerate the performance of the MALI algorithm. We conclude the article with a discussion concerning the applicability and implementation of this device in AON management systems.

Evaluation of online-based learning has become a new paradigm in the Pandemic period. This certainly has an impact on all education sectoral levels, one of which is MAN KATINGAN. This paper aims to explore the online-based Arabic learning evaluation system conducted at MAN KATINGAN and the problems faced. Systematic evaluation of learning leads to raw input, instrumental input, curriculum, administration, process, and output. Analysis of the approach using descriptive qualitative through observation, direct interviews, and documentation. The results show that the online-based learning evaluation system is considered less effective and not optimal, especially in the entry behavior of students in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains of students. The teacher as an instrumental-only uses the WhatsApp application as the main means of the evaluation process. It is proven that the teacher only concludes from the answers to the questions that have been given. The teacher's obstacles in carrying out this evaluation include teacher skills, limited teacher and student communication, weak network, and limited quota

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat model fit serta nilai validitas dan reliabilitas dari alat ukur student engagement pada siswa SMA dalam mempelajari bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa SMA di Bandung dan sekitarnya yang usia 15-18 tahun kelas X-XII yang mengambil mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling non probability sampling. Pada penelitian ini jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada uji validitas dan reliabilitas ini sejumlah 200 siswa SMA di Bandung dan sekitarnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, variabel student engagement yang digunakan pada siswa SMA di Bandung yaitu behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, behavioral disaffection, dan emotional disaffection memenuhi syarat analisis CFA yaitu modelnya FIT. Validitas dari student engagement sebanyak 24 item yang valid dengan reliabilitas masing-masing dimensi yaitu behavioral engagement α=0.89, behavioral disaffection α=0.897, emotional engagement α=0.918, dan emotional disaffection α=0.927.

Beberapa jenis gulma dengan gejala infeksi virus ditemukan pada tiga sentra pertanaman pepaya (Carica papaya) di Provinsi Bengkulu, Indonesia. Gejala pada gulma ialah tulang daun dan lamina daun menguning, mosaik kuning, dan keriting. Gejala tersebut mirip dengan gejala infeksi Begomovirus pada beberapa jenis tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi spesies Begomovirus pada spesies gulma Crassocephalum crepidioide. Deteksi Begomovirus dilakukan dengan metode polymerase chain reaction menggunakan sepasang primer universal Begomovirus, SPG1/SPG2. Pita DNA berukuran 912 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari sampel gulma C. crepidioides dengan gejala daun keriting. Berdasarkan analisis Blastn, sampel Begomovirus asal gulma C. crepidioides memiliki kekerabatan yang paling dekat dengan Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) isolat asal Taiwan (DQ866134.1) dengan homologi sebesar 99%. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi AYVV pada C. crepidioides di Indonesia.

Fluktuasi harga kopi yang terjadi dalam 7 tahun terakhir bervariatif. Ketidakpastian harga domestik berdampak pada produsen dan konsumen kopi itu sendiri. Fenomena ini dikhawatirkan akan menurunkan potensi kopi untuk berkembang di pasar dunia, mengingat saat ini Indonesia telah menduduki posisi keempat sebagai produsen terbesar di dunia. Melalui bantuan model ARCG/GARCH, maka akan dianalisis volatilitas harga komoditi kopi di Indonesia untuk melihat pergerakan fluktuasi harga kopi Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model GARCH (1) menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas yang terjadi pada harga kopi Indonesia dalam periode Januari 2014 hingga September 2020 rendah, sehingga diramalkan dimasa mendatang volatilitas akan semakin kecil atau pergerakan harga kopi Indonesia akan semakin stabil.

To support government programs in rural economic development, it is necessary to apply appropriate technology that is tailored to the problems faced by the community related to coffee processing. Therefore, the planned service activities that will be carried out are to assist the community to create the latest superior products from Purwodadi Village. The aims of this research for: 1) Introduce the technology of making coffee spice dip, 2) Introduce how to do hygienic packaging, 3) Introduce how to determine the cost of production and the selling price, and 4) Carry out one element of Higher Education Tri Dharma, namely Community Service. The service method is done by counseling, introducing technology, and applying technology. This dedication activity has introduced the technology of making coffee spice dip. Carrying out these service activities, in general, can provide knowledge and skills of processing coffee into coffee spice dip. The ability to determine cost of goods is also done well. There has been a change in knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the target group after the science and technology service activities were carried out .

Rindu Hati merupakan desa yang dinobatkan sebagai desa wisata. Kondisi objek wisata Desa Rindu Hati saat ini membutuhkan pengembangan untuk lebih banyak menarik wisatawan. Penambahan objek wisata juga menjaga agar Desa Rindu Hati tetap menjadi pilihan orang-orang untuk tetap berekreasi. Rainbow Vertical Garden merupakan konsep agrowisata berbentuk taman mini yang berisi bunga berwarna warni yang digantung pada dinding penegak. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan dan meningkatkan perkembangan kepariwisataan Desa Rindu Hati sebagai Desa Wisata dengan pengembangan objek wisata baru yaitu Rainbow Vertical Garden. Permasalahan yang dihadapi di desa Rindu Hati adalah pengembangan objek wisata belum ada pengembangan agrowisata yang berbasis pertanian di Desa Rindu Hati. Sasaran utama dari program pengabdian pembinaan ini yaitu Pengelola Wisata Desa Rindu Hati dan Perangkat Desa Rindu Hati. Metode yang dilakukan oleh Tim LPPM UNIB ini merupakan konsep baru yang mengacu pada agrowisata dengan memanfaatkan tanaman hias dengan sistem Rainbow Vertical Garden. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah mengenalkan masyarakat desa Rindu Hati tentang pemanfaatan Vertical Garden dan pengaplikasian Rainbow Vertical Garden dengan lahan vertikal di Desa Rindu Hati sebagai sebagai agrowisata baru.

During the pandemic, inadequate knowledge in e-commerce is one of the obstacles in the e-commerce system. As a result, it is critical to examine the determinants of dairy product marketing using e-commerce during social distancing. This study aims to analyze the factors of SMEs’ dairy product marketing using e-commerce during social distancing. The research was conducted in Bengkulu, with 31 respondents who were members of the milk, meat and eggs association (SUSDAGTEL). The respondent groups were selected purposively to identify the factors using e-commerce. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively, which is determining the influencing factors with partial least square tools. The results of hypothesis testing have shown that external factors and technological factors do not affect the use of e-commerce in marketing SMEs’ dairy products, while both the performance of SMEs and the orientation readiness affect the use of e-commerce in SMEs. The SME performance has a significant effect on the use of e-commerce with a P-value of 0.000. The organizational readiness factor has a significant effect on the use of e-commerce with a P-value of 0.009. SME actors are elevated to the highest level of priority in the strategy's implementation. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in advancing the use of e-commerce in dairy product marketing.

Abstract Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is one of the rare genetic syndromes which is specified by symmetrical craniofacial dysmorphism without growth abnormalities or neurological disorders. The inheritance is usually autosomal dominant but sometimes it is a sporadic mutation. Prenatal diagnosis could be realized by genetic testing of a chorionic villus sample or amniocentesis if one of the parents is affected. At birth, the most common features are downward‐sloping palpebral clefts, small badly hemmed and folded ears, and mandibular hypoplasia which could lead to respiratory distress. All of these clinical features exist in our case. Goldenhar syndrome shares with TCS some facial features which are not symmetrical and it is also associated with vertebral abnormalities. Some patients with TCS are exposed to many complications and they require multi‐disciplinary medical care. But all of them need psychiatric care to fight social rejection. The aim of our report is to describe the most common features of TCS and similar syndromes. Also, report the involved genetic mutations, some associated complications, and their management.

Desa Sambirejo merupakan salah satu sentra produksi tanaman tomat. Pengaruh cuaca saat ini memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap hasil produksi tomat. Karena tanaman tomat merupakan tanaman yang mudah diserang penyakit sehingga hasil panennya mengalami fluktuatif. Melalui penerapan teknologi sonic bloom dapat menambah pengetahuan, dan keterampilan serta dapat menjadi solusi pemecahan masalah dalam meningkatkan hasil panen petani. Teknologi sonic bloom merupakan gelombang suara berfrekuensi 3.500 – 5.000 Hz. Gelombang tersebut dapat merangsang pembukaan stomata tanaman sehingga penyerapan pupuk daun meningkat. Penerapan teknologi ini dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman tomat yang lebih baik. Hasilnya batang lebih tinggi, buah jauh lebih besar dan jumlah buah tomat lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tanaman tomat jauh dari sumber suara.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a clinical syndrome caused by the changing of Lactobacillus spp., a producer of hydrogen peroxide, in the normal vagina with a high concentration of anaerobic bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis. This study reports a resistance of BV therapy regimens, high recurrence rates, and side effects of an antibiotic. Therefore, adjunctive therapy for BV management is needed. Research has reported the therapeutic effects of probiotic in BV; however, the results are inconsistent. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of standard therapy using metronidazole and Lactobacillus plantarum for BV measured by the cure rate and vaginal flora balance. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 30 subjects were randomized to take metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for seven days with weekly evaluation. The Lactobacillus plantarum or placebo group was evaluated every 4 weeks. The cure rate and vaginal flora balance were evaluated using the Amsel criteria and Nugent score before and after the intervention. Result: A total of 30 subjects returned for 28-day follow-up, of which 60% subjects of the antibiotic/probiotic group were cured compared to 40% in the antibiotic/placebo group (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the increase of cure rate and vaginal flora balance between the treatment group and significant control group.