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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 529 million people, and today the world is facing different mutant strains of the virus, leading to increased morbidity rates, fatality rates, and surfacing re-infections. Various therapies, such as prophylactic treatments, repurposed drug treatments, convalescent plasma, and polyclonal antibody therapy have been developed to help combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).This review article provides insights into the basic aspects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the therapy of COVID-19, as well as its advancement in terms of clinical trial and current approval status.Monoclonal antibodies represents the most effective and viable therapy and/or prophylaxis option against COVID-19, and have shown a reduction of the viral load, as well as lowering hospitalizations and death rates. In different countries, various mAbs are undergoing different phases of clinical trials, with a few of them having entered phases III and IV. Due to the soaring number of cases worldwide, the FDA has given emergency approval for the mAb combinations bamlanivimab with etesevimab and casirivimab with imdevimab.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a lethal virus outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has severely affected human lives and the global economy. The most vital part of the research and development of therapeutic agents is to design drug products to manage COVID-19 efficiently. Numerous attempts have been in place to determine the optimal drug dose and combination of drugs to treat the disease on a global scale. This article documents the information available on SARS-CoV-2 and its life cycle, which will aid in the development of the potential treatment options. A consolidated summary of several natural and repurposed drugs to manage COVID-19 is depicted with summary of current vaccine development. People with high age, comorbity and concomitant illnesses such as overweight, metabolic disorders, pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, renal failure, fatty liver and neoplastic disorders are more prone to create serious COVID-19 and its consequences. This article also presents an overview of post-COVID-19 complications in patients.

Purpose This study aims to assess a novel clinic whereby new patients were discussed in a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary panel and given feedback on the same day. The objectives were to determine the impacts on time to commencing treatment, need for further assessment, discharges and staff and patient experiences. Design/methodology/approach Outcomes from the new assessment clinic were compared to previous individual assessments. Feedback questionnaires were given to patients, while a focus group was conducted with staff. Findings There was a significant reduction in the time to agreeing a treatment plan (34 days to Practical implications The model of a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary clinic could be used for assessing new referrals to community mental health teams. Originality/value The use of a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary clinic is a novel approach within community mental health teams which led to improvements in efficiency, while demonstrating positive patient and clinician feedback.

Background Despite calls to address ethnic inequalities to accessing mental health services in the UK, governmental initiatives have had limited impact. Studies indicate that South Asian communities underutilise mental health services. Previous reviews have identified cultural and institutional factors that may influence service use, but these are mostly narrative and limited in their scope. Method A systematic literature search resulted in fifteen studies exploring the experiences of seeking help and barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of British South Asian service users. Findings Qualitative data was synthesised through meta-ethnography, and three themes emerged: Distanced from Services, Dilemma of Trust and Threat to Cultural Identity. South Asian service users were positioned at a distance from being able to access services and stuck in a dilemma of mistrusting White and Asian professionals. They constructed their cultural identity through a set of important values which were neglected by mental health services. Service users, therefore, appeared to engage in an ongoing evaluation of the potential benefits of accessing services against the risks of threat to their personal and cultural identities. The findings are discussed in relation to Eurocentric models of care and community engagement approaches. Conclusion The review argues that institutional racism and cultural dissonance marginalise South Asian service users from access to quality and effective mental healthcare. It is recommended that services acknowledge the impact of alienation and powerlessness and advance their practices to establish trust and cultural safety for South Asian service users in the UK.

Zirconia (Zirconium oxide) thin films were deposited on silicon and corning glass substrates by physical vapor deposition technique. In this experiment the influence of substrate temperature was investigated. The structural and Wettability properties characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement system. The zirconia films crystallized in the monoclinic phases with (111) orientation, for different sputtering parameters. Average grain size found to be in range of 10–19 nm for different temperature. Surface roughness increases with change in substrate temperature. The surface energy and contact angle measured by contact angle measuring system, exhibited hydrophobic behaviour of zirconium oxide thin films.

This article considers the reflections of three female BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) trainees from different D.Clin.Psy. courses, on their experiences of encountering racism in their respective training contexts, and how these issues can be addressed by training providers.

To produce elite clones of plants, in vitro approach is most acceptable. Plants with susceptible germination rates and dependency on a specific plant part with medicinal values are more vulnerable. Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC is one such perennial wild climber with poor seed germination and the only mode of propagation is its tuber which has medicinal values such as the puerarin and genistein with antidiabetic potential. To nullify the overexploitation of it, the in vitro shooting was accomplished by inoculating the earlier generated nodal parts from the in vitro seedling in benzyl adenine plus naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The combination of indole butyric acid and NAA makes it possible for successful induction of roots from the excised in vitro shoot. The genetic fidelity of the mother plant and in vitro-raised plant was assessed by inter simple sequence repeat analysis. It depicted true-to-type plants. The extracts of in vivo and in vitro parts were taken for the quantification of puerarin and genistein by following the International Council of Harmony guidelines in high-performance thin-layered chromatography instrument. Both the in vitro and in vivo parts substantially counted for the genistein and puerarin content. Thus, this chapter gives an insight into the establishment of true-to-type plants with antidiabetic potential compounds.

Daidzein-natural isoflavones found in Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. (Fabaceae) which is a potent medicinal plant. It acts as signal carriers and responds to the pathogenic attacks and reduces pain during menopause, osteoporosis and also antidiabetic in nature. In the present work, in vitro callus development from tuber explants during both rainy and summer seasons was conducted. Further, a simple unambiguous and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography method was established for quantitative estimation of daidzein in callus and in vivo parts to assess the impact of seasonal change on valuable phytochemical accumulation. Maximum callusing (90%) was obtained on MS medium fortified with a combination of 6N-Benzylamino purine (2 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2 mg/l) during the summer season from the tuber explant. During the HPTLC method validation, the linearity range obtained was 100–1000 ng/spot with a regression value (r) value of 0.99845. All the parts were found to contain a significant amount of daidzein. The maximum daidzein (2112.567±0.35 ng/g) content was obtained from a young tuber bark followed by callus (171.903±0.33 ng/g) during the summer season compared to rainy season parts and callus. Thus, it can be concluded that in vitro callus is an alternative source of daidzein without destroying the natural plant and the developed HPTLC method could be used for quality control analysis and recommended for daidzein quantification for different herbal formulation and drug preparation.