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5 results on '"Richmond, J L"'

1. Using Learning Flexibly and Remembering after a Delay: Understanding Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Down Syndrome

Author

Roberts, L. and Richmond, J. L.

Abstract

Background: Episodic memory deficits are a characteristic of cognitive dysfunction in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, less is known about the processes (i.e. encoding, retention or using learned information flexibly) that underlie these deficits. Method: We explored these abilities by administering a relational memory and inference task to participants with DS and mental age-matched controls and testing both immediately and after a 24-h delay. Results: Adults with DS learned paired associates more slowly than controls but showed good recognition at both the immediate and delayed tests. Despite memory for learned pairs, adults with DS were less able to use relational learning flexibly to make inferential judgements than controls. Conclusions: These results deepen our understanding of the cognitive profile of adults with DS, demonstrating deficits in both encoding new information, and flexibly using such information. These results have important implications for workplace training and intervention programs for people with DS.

Published
2018
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3. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian women in Singapore

Author

Padmapriya, N, Bernard, J Y, Liang, S, Loy, S L, Cai, S, Zhe, I S, Kwek, K, Godfrey, K M, Gluckman, P D, Saw, S M, Chong, Y.-S., Chan, J K Y, Müller-Riemenschneider, F, Sheppard, A, Chinnadurai, A, Neo Goh, A E, Rifkin-Graboi, A, Qiu, A, Biswas, A, Lee, B W, Broekman, B F P, Quah, B L, Shuter, B, Chng, C K, Ngo, C, Bong, C L, Henry, C J, Ing Chee, C Y, Daniel Goh, Y T, Fok, D, Yap, F, Heong Yeo, G S, Chen, H, van Bever, H P S, Magiati, I, Yun Wong, I B, Lau, I.Y.-M., Kapur, J, Richmond, J L, Holbrook, J D, Gooley, J J, Tan, K H, Niduvaje, K, Singh, L, Su, L L, Daniel, L M, Shek, L.P.-C., Fortier, M V, Hanson, M, Chong, M.F.-F., Rauff, M, Chua, M C, Meaney, M, Tint, M T, Karnani, N, Lek, N, Teoh, O H, Wong, P C, Agarwal, P, van Dam, R M, Rebello, S A, Chong, S C, Soh, S.-E., Lim, S B, Hsu, C.-Y.S., Rajadurai, V S, Stunkel, W, Han, W M, Pang, W W, Cheung, Y B, Chan, Y H, Lee, Y S, and APH - Mental Health

Subjects
Blood Glucose, endocrine system diseases, Overweight, Logistic regression, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Pregnancy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Singapore, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fasting, Postprandial Period, 3. Good health, Gestational diabetes, Postprandial, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Gestation, Female, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sitting, lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, medicine, Humans, Exercise, lcsh:RG1-991, Gynecology, business.industry, Physical activity, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, Diabetes, Gestational, Sedentary behavior, Logistic Models, Linear Models, business, Maternal glucose levels
Abstract

Background: Few studies have investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in relation to fasting (FG) and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); we investigated these associations among Asian pregnant women.Methods: As part of the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort study, PA and SB (sitting and television times) were assessed by interviewer-administered questionnaire. During 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests at 26–28 weeks' gestation we measured FG, 2hPG levels and GDM (FG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2hPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L). Associations were analysed by multiple linear and logistic regression.Results: Among the 1083 women studied, 18.6% had GDM. SB was not associated with FG, 2hPG and GDM. Higher categories of PA were associated with lower 2hPG and a lower likelihood of GDM (p-trend p = 0.020) and were less likely to have GDM [OR: 0.56 (0.32–0.98), p = 0.040]. Stratified analysis revealed no associations among under/normal-weight women, but significant associations among overweight/obese women; in those with BMI ≥23 kg/m2, sufficiently active and highly active women were less likely to have GDM [OR: 0.52, (0.29–0.93), p = 0.028, and OR: 0.34, (0.15–0.77), p = 0.010, respectively].Conclusion: Higher PA was associated with lower 2hPG levels and a lower prevalence of GDM, particularly in overweight/obese women. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings, and to examine the effectiveness of PA promotion strategies for the prevention of gestational hyperglycemia.

Published
2017

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