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This article is the result from our fieldwork to observed about the rule of regulation the social forestry in South Solok, West Sumatera. As this research uses etnoscience approach where the informant will be choosed by perposive sampling. Since the rule of LHK/83 is implemeted in South Solok that became strategic place of political ecology for advantaging the village forest in the Customary Land of the Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu. Based on the results, there are differences in customary communal tenure between the darek region whose control is held by penghulu andiko, while the rantau region whose control is given to rajo. Rajo is the head of the tribe who is in 4 the customary land in Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu. In the Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu community, the forest processing is divided into three, namely; 1) ulayat suku is an unprocessed highland forest or rimbo gadang; 2) ulayat kaum or harato pusako tinggi, which is a land of ancestor from ninik nan salapan and ninik 60 kurang like rice fields or sawah and will be passed on daughters; 3) ulayat saparuik, also known as Harato Pusako Randah, is a family property from parents or property owned by their father and mother during marriage in the form of fields or rimbo randah. After the issuance of 5 decrees of The Village Forest in Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu, some of rimbo gadang began to be used as a Village Forest, moreover the use of the forest began to take into account the nagari government. Hence, the boundaries of 4 customary land begin to blur. In addition, the existence of Nagari Forest does not only provide the legality for the people of Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu, but also provides the benefits for outside communities, LPHN and mining companies.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, one of the most common late complications of diabetes, is associated with decreased quality of life and increased morbidity. The pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is multifactorial, contributing to ischemic and painful events and neuronal damage. Prevention through strict glycemic control remains the mainstay of the treatment of DN, because effective disease-modifying or preventive therapies are not yet available. A vast array of pharmacologic agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, analgesics, and antiepileptic drugs are used alone or in combination for symptomatic management. These drugs result in moderate effectiveness, potential side effects, and drug interactions. This article will provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of DN and review pharmacologic agents used for symptomatic management, with a focus on pregabalin (Lyrica, Pfizer) and duloxetine (Cymbalta, Lilly), currently the only agents that are approved by FDA for the pain management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further research is warranted to assess long-term efficacy of available therapies in the hopes of providing a standard of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M Iftekhar Ullah,1 Daniel M Riche,1,2 Christian A Koch1,31Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, The University of Mississippi, 3GV (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USAAbstract: Androgen deficiency syndrome in men is a frequently diagnosed condition associated with clinical symptoms including fatigue, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Serum testosterone concentrations decline steadily with age. The prevalence of androgen deficiency syndrome in men varies depending on the age group, known and unknown comorbidities, and the respective study group. Reported prevalence rates may be underestimated, as not every man with symptoms of androgen deficiency seeks treatment. Additionally, men reporting symptoms of androgen deficiency may not be correctly diagnosed due to the vagueness of the symptom quality. The treatment of androgen deficiency syndrome or male hypogonadism may sometimes be difficult due to various reasons. There is no consensus as to when to start treating a respective man or with regards to the best treatment option for an individual patient. There is also lack of familiarity with treatment options among general practitioners. The formulations currently available on the market are generally expensive and dose adjustment protocols for each differ. All these factors add to the complexity of testosterone replacement therapy. In this article we will discuss the general indications of transdermal testosterone replacement therapy, available formulations, dosage, application sites, and recommended titration schedule.Keywords: hypogonadism, transdermal, testosterone, sexual function, testosterone replacement therapy, estradiol