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3. An AI-Guided Data Centric Strategy to Detect and Mitigate Biases in Healthcare Datasets

Author

Gulamali, Faris F., Sawant, Ashwin S., Liharska, Lora, Horowitz, Carol R., Chan, Lili, Kovatch, Patricia H., Hofer, Ira, Singh, Karandeep, Richardson, Lynne D., Mensah, Emmanuel, Charney, Alexander W, Reich, David L., Hu, Jianying, and Nadkarni, Girish N.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The adoption of diagnosis and prognostic algorithms in healthcare has led to concerns about the perpetuation of bias against disadvantaged groups of individuals. Deep learning methods to detect and mitigate bias have revolved around modifying models, optimization strategies, and threshold calibration with varying levels of success. Here, we generate a data-centric, model-agnostic, task-agnostic approach to evaluate dataset bias by investigating the relationship between how easily different groups are learned at small sample sizes (AEquity). We then apply a systematic analysis of AEq values across subpopulations to identify and mitigate manifestations of racial bias in two known cases in healthcare - Chest X-rays diagnosis with deep convolutional neural networks and healthcare utilization prediction with multivariate logistic regression. AEq is a novel and broadly applicable metric that can be applied to advance equity by diagnosing and remediating bias in healthcare datasets.

Published
2023

4. Stage B Heart Failure Is Ubiquitous in Emergency Patients with Asymptomatic Hypertension

Author

Souffront, Kimberly, Nelson, Bret P., Lukas, Megan, Garay, Hans Reyes, Gordon, Lauren, Matos, Thalia, Hanesworth, Isabella, Mantel, Rebecca, Shubeck, Claire, Bernstein, Cassidy, Loo, George T., and Richardson, Lynne D.

Subjects
hypertension, Heart Failure, Subclinical heart disease, emergency department, health disparities
Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is pervasive in United States emergency departments (ED). This study documents the point prevalence of subclinical heart disease in emergency patients with asymptomatic hypertension.Method: This was a prospective observational study of ED patients with asymptomatic hypertension conducted at two urban academic EDs that belong to an eight-hospital healthcare organization in New York. Adult (≥18 years of age) English- or Spanish-speaking patients who had an initial blood pressure (BP) ≥160/100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and second BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, and pending discharge, were invited to participate in the study. We excluded patients with congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, and atrial fibrillation, or who were pregnant, a prisoner, cognitively unable to provide informed consent, or experiencing symptoms of hypertension. We assessed echocardiographic evidence of subclinical heart disease (left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction).Results: A total of 53 patients were included in the study; a majority were young (mean 49.5 years old,[SD 14–52]), self-identified as Black or Other (n = 39; 73.5%), and female (n = 30; 56.6%). Mean initial blood pressure was 172/100 mm Hg, and 24 patients (45.3%) self-reported a history of hypertension. Fifty patients completed an echocardiogram. All (100%) had evidence of subclinical heart disease, with 41 (77.4%) displaying left ventricular hypertrophy and 31 (58.5%) diastolic dysfunction. There was a significant relationship between diastolic dysfunction and female gender [x2 (1, n = 53) = 3.98; P = 0.046]; Black or other race [x2 (3, n = 53) = 9.138; P = 0.03] and Hispanic or other ethnicity [x2 (2, n = 53) = 8.03; P = 0.02]. Less than one third of patients demonstrated systolic dysfunction on echocardiogram, and this was more likely to occur in patients with diabetes mellitus [x2 (1, n = 51) = 4.84; P = 0.02].Conclusion: There is a high probability that Black, Hispanic, and female patients with asymptomatic hypertension are on the continuum for developing overt heart failure. Emergency clinicians should provide individualized care that considers their unique health needs, cultural backgrounds, and social determinants of health.

Published
2024

5. A multilevel mHealth intervention boosts adherence to hydroxyurea in individuals with sickle cell disease

Author

Hankins, Jane S, Brambilla, Donald, Potter, Michael B, Kutlar, Abdullah, Gibson, Robert, King, Allison A, Baumann, Ana A, Melvin, Cathy, Gordeuk, Victor R, Hsu, Lewis L, Nwosu, Chinonyelum, Porter, Jerlym S, Alberts, Nicole M, Badawy, Sherif M, Simon, Jena, Glassberg, Jeffrey A, Lottenberg, Richard, DiMartino, Lisa, Jacobs, Sara, Fernandez, Maria E, Bosworth, Hayden B, Klesges, Lisa M, Shah, Nirmish, Hodges, Jason, Carroll, Yvonne, Klesges, Lisa, Khan, Hamda, Smeltzer, Matthew, Gurney, James, Porter, Jerlym, Alberts, Nicole, French, Reginald, Badawy, Sherif, DeBaun, Michael, Kang, Guolian, Estepp, Jeremie, Wang, Winfred, Owens, Curtis, Debon, Margaret, Osarogiagbon, Ray, Nelson, Marquita, Treadwell, Marsha, Vichinsky, Elliott, Wun, Ted, Potter, Michael, Hessler, Danielle, Hagar, Ward, Marsh, Anne, Neumayr, Lynne, Kanter, Julie, Phillips, Shannon, Adams, Robert, Mueller, Martina, Abrams, Tina, Davia, Nathalia, Tanabe, Paula, Bosworth, Hayden, Jackson, George, Johnson, Fred, Richesson, Rachel, Prvu-Bettger, Janet, King, Allison, Baumann, Ana, Calhoun, Cecilia, Snyder, Angie, Fernandez, Maria, Richardson, Lynne D, Glassberg, Jeffrey, Genes, Nicholas G, Loo, George T, Shapiro, Jason S, Souffront, Kimberly, Clesca, Cindy, Linton, Elizabeth, Ryan, Gery, Kroner, Barbara L, Hendershot, Tabitha, Battestilli, Whitney, Cox, Lisa, Preiss, Liliana, Pugh, Norma, Li, Sophie, VonLehmden, Annie, Smith, Sharon M, Tonkins, William P, Peters-Lawrence, Marlene, Boyce, Cheryl, Barfield, Whitney, and Thompson, Alexis

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Chronic Pain, Pain Research, Hematology, Sickle Cell Disease, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.1 Individual care needs, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Hydroxyurea, Medication Adherence, Pain, Telemedicine, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Hydroxyurea reduces sickle cell disease (SCD) complications, but medication adherence is low. We tested 2 mobile health (mHealth) interventions targeting determinants of low adherence among patients (InCharge Health) and low prescribing among providers (HU Toolbox) in a multi-center, non-randomized trial of individuals with SCD ages 15-45. We compared the percentage of days covered (PDC), labs, healthcare utilization, and self-reported pain over 24 weeks of intervention and 12 weeks post-study with a 24-week preintervention interval. We enrolled 293 patients (51% male; median age 27.5 years, 86.8% HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia). The mean change in PDC among 235 evaluable subjects increased (39.7% to 56.0%; P < 0.001) and sustained (39.7% to 51.4%, P < 0.001). Mean HbF increased (10.95% to 12.78%; P = 0.03). Self-reported pain frequency reduced (3.54 to 3.35 events/year; P = 0.041). InCharge Health was used ≥1 day by 199 of 235 participants (84.7% implementation; median usage: 17% study days; IQR: 4.8-45.8%). For individuals with ≥1 baseline admission for pain, admissions per 24 weeks declined from baseline through 24 weeks (1.97 to 1.48 events/patient, P = 0.0045) and weeks 25-36 (1.25 events/patient, P = 0.0015). PDC increased with app use (P < 0.001), with the greatest effect in those with private insurance (P = 0.0078), older subjects (P = 0.033), and those with lower pain interference (P = 0.0012). Of the 89 providers (49 hematologists, 36 advanced care providers, 4 unreported), only 11.2% used HU Toolbox ≥1/month on average. This use did not affect change in PDC. Tailoring mHealth solutions to address barriers to hydroxyurea adherence can potentially improve adherence and provide clinical benefits. A definitive randomized study is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04080167.

Published
2023

8. “The project did not come to us with a solution”: Perspectives of research teams on implementing a study about electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans for emergency department treatment of vaso-occlusive episodes in adults with sickle cell disease

Author

Baumann, Ana A, Hankins, Jane S, Hsu, Lewis L, Gibson, Robert W, Richardson, Lynne D, Treadwell, Marsha, Glassberg, Jeffrey A, Bourne, Sarah, Luo, Lingzi, Masese, Rita V, Demartino, Terri, Nocek, Judith, Taaffe, Elizabeth, Gollan, Sierra, Ruiz, Ome-Ollin, Nwosu, Chinonyelum, Qashou, Nai, James, Aimee S, Tanabe, Paula, and King, Allison A

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Health Services, Emergency Care, Hematology, Sickle Cell Disease, Pain Research, Health and social care services research, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Adult, Pain Management, Electronic Health Records, Pain, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Emergency Service, Hospital, Sickle cell disease, Emergency department, Implementation science, Library and Information Studies, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Health Policy & Services, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to capture the implementation process of the ALIGN Study, (An individualized Pain Plan with Patient and Provider Access for Emergency Department care of Sickle Cell Disease). ALIGN aimed to embed Individualized Pain Plans in the electronic health record (E-IPP) and provide access to the plan for both adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and emergency department providers when a person with SCD comes to the emergency department in vaso-occlusive crises.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with research teams from the 8 participating sites from the ALIGN study. Seventeen participants (principal investigators and study coordinators) shared their perspectives about the implementation of ALIGN in their sites. Data were analyzed in three phases using open coding steps adapted from grounded theory and qualitative content analysis.ResultsA total of seven overarching themes were identified: (1) the E-IPP structure (location and upkeep) and collaboration with the informatics team, (2) the role of ED champion, (3) the role of research coordinators, (4) research team communication, and communication between research team and clinical team, (5) challenges with the study protocol, (6) provider feedback: addressing over-utilizers, patient mistrust, and the positive feedback about the intervention, and (7) COVID-19 and its effects on study implementation.ConclusionsFindings from this study contribute to learning how to implement E-IPPs for adult patients with SCD in ED. The study findings highlight the importance of early engagement with different team members, a champion from the emergency department, study coordinators with different skills and enhancement of communication and trust among team members. Further recommendations are outlined for hospitals aiming to implement E-IPP for patients with SCD in ED.

Published
2023

9. Emergency Medicine Physician Observations and Attitudes on Law Enforcement Activities in the Emergency Department

Author

Khatri, Utsha G., Kaufman, Elinore J., Seeburger, Emily F., Alur, Rucha, Richardson, Lynne D., South, Eugenia C., and Jacoby, Sara F.

Subjects
medical legal, health equity, patient privacy, public health, public safety
Abstract

ObjectiveLaw enforcement officers (LEOs) interact with patients and clinicians in the emergency department (ED) for many reasons. There is no current consensus on what should comprise, or how to best enact, guidelines that ideally balance LEO activities in the service of public safety with patient health, autonomy and privacy. The purpose of this study was to explore how a national sample of emergency physicians (EPs) perceives activities of LEOs during the delivery of emergency medical care.  MethodsMembers of the Emergency Medicine Practice Research Network (EMPRN) were recruited via an email-delivered, anonymous survey that elicited experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of policies that guide interactions with LEOs in the ED. The survey included multiple-choice items, which were analyzed descriptively, and open-ended questions, which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.  Results141 of 765 EPs (18.4%) in the EMPRN completed the survey. Respondents represented diverse locations and years in practice. 82% (113) of respondents were White and 81% (114) were male. Over a third reported that LEO was present in the ED on a daily basis. A majority (62%) perceived LEO presence as helpful for clinicians and clinical practice. When asked about the factors deemed highly important in allowing LEOs to access patients during care, 75% reported patients’ potential as a threat to public safety and only 12% considered the patients’ consent or preference to interact with LEOs. 86% of EPs felt that information gathering by LEO was appropriate in the ED setting but only 13% were aware of policy to guide these decisions. Perceived barriers to implementation of an institutional policy in this area included: issues of enforcement, leadership, education, operational challenges, and potential negative consequences.  ConclusionFuture studies are warranted to explore the impact of intersections between emergency medical care and law enforcement on patients, clinicians, and the surrounding community.

Published
2023

10. Outcomes of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute K12 program in emergency care research: 7‐year follow‐up

Author

Morris, Cynthia D, Cook, Jennifer NB, Lin, Amber, Scott, Jane D, Kuppermann, Nathan, Callaway, Clifton W, Yealy, Donald M, Lowe, Robert A, Richardson, Lynne D, Kimmel, Stephen, Holmes, James F, Collins, Sean, Becker, Lance B, Storrow, Alan B, Newgard, Harrison J, Baren, Jill, and Newgard, Craig D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Women's Health, Minority Health, Health Disparities, Awards and Prizes, Biomedical Research, Cohort Studies, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), National Institutes of Health (U.S.), United States, Public Health and Health Services, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundLong-term follow-up for clinician-scientist training programs is sparse. We describe the outcomes of clinician-scientist scholars in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) K12 program in emergency care research up to 8.7 years after matriculation in the program.MethodsThis was a cohort study of faculty clinician-scientist scholars enrolled in a NHLBI K12 research training program at 6 sites across the US, with median follow-up 7.7 years (range 5.7-8.7 years) from the date of matriculation. Scholars completed electronic surveys in 2017 and 2019, with the 2019 survey collecting information for their current work setting, percent time for research, and grant funding from all sources. We used NIH RePorter and online resources to verify federal grants through March 2021. The primary outcome was a funded career development award (CDA) or research project grant (RPG) where the scholar was principal investigator. We included funding from all federal sources and national foundations.ResultsThere were 43 scholars, including 16 (37%) women. Over the follow-up period, 32 (74%) received an individual CDA or RPG, with a median of 36 months (range 9-83 months) after entering the program. Of the 43 scholars, 23 (54%) received a CDA and 22 (51%) received an RPG, 7 (16%) of which were R01s. Of the 23 scholars who received a CDA, 13 (56%) subsequently had an RPG funded. Time to CDA or RPG did not differ by sex (women vs. men log-rank test p = 0.27) or specialty training (emergency medicine versus other specialties, p = 0.59).ConclusionsAfter 7 years of follow-up for this NHLBI K12 emergency care research training program, three quarters of clinician-scientist scholars had obtained CDA or RPG funding, with no notable differences by sex or clinical training.

Published
2022

11. Mission, Organization, and Future Direction of the Serological Sciences Network for COVID-19 (SeroNet) Epidemiologic Cohort Studies

Author

Figueiredo, Jane C, Hirsch, Fred R, Kushi, Lawrence H, Nembhard, Wendy N, Crawford, James M, Mantis, Nicholas, Finster, Laurel, Merin, Noah M, Merchant, Akil, Reckamp, Karen L, Melmed, Gil Y, Braun, Jonathan, McGovern, Dermot, Parekh, Samir, Corley, Douglas A, Zohoori, Namvar, Amick, Benjamin C, Du, Ruofei, Gregersen, Peter K, Diamond, Betty, Taioli, Emanuela, Sariol, Carlos, Espino, Ana, Weiskopf, Daniela, Gifoni, Alba, Brien, James, Hanege, William, Lipsitch, Marc, Zidar, David A, McAlearney, Ann Scheck, Wajnberg, Ania, LaBaer, Joshua, Lewis, E Yvonne, Binder, Raquel A, Moormann, Ann M, Forconi, Catherine, Forrester, Sarah, Batista, Jennifer, Schieffelin, John, Kim, Dongjoo, Biancon, Giulia, VanOudenhove, Jennifer, Halene, Stephanie, Fan, Rong, Barouch, Dan H, Alter, Galit, Pinninti, Swetha, Boppana, Suresh B, Pati, Sunil K, Latting, Misty, Karaba, Andrew H, Roback, John, Sekaly, Rafick, Neish, Andrew, Brincks, Ahnalee M, Granger, Douglas A, Karger, Amy B, Thyagarajan, Bharat, Thomas, Stefani N, Klein, Sabra L, Cox, Andrea L, Lucas, Todd, Furr-Holden, Debra, Key, Kent, Jones, Nicole, Wrammerr, Jens, Suthar, Mehul, Wong, Serre Yu, Bowman, Natalie M, Simon, Viviana, Richardson, Lynne D, McBride, Russell, Krammer, Florian, Rana, Meenakshi, Kennedy, Joshua, Boehme, Karl, Forrest, Craig, Granger, Steve W, Heaney, Christopher D, Lapinski, Maria Knight, Wallet, Shannon, Baric, Ralph S, Schifanella, Luca, Lopez, Marcos, Fernández, Soledad, Kenah, Eben, Panchal, Ashish R, Britt, William J, Sanz, Iñaki, Dhodapkar, Madhav, Ahmed, Rafi, Bartelt, Luther A, Markmann, Alena J, Lin, Jessica T, Hagan, Robert S, Wolfgang, Matthew C, and Skarbinski, Jacek

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Pneumonia & Influenza, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Lung, Digestive Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Pneumonia, Cancer, Pediatric, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Good Health and Well Being, cohort, COVID-19, epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, serosurveillance, SeroNet, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundGlobal efforts are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the underlying cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including seroprevalence, risk factors, and long-term sequelae, as well as immune responses after vaccination across populations and the social dimensions of prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsIn the United States, the National Cancer Institute in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) as the nation's largest coordinated effort to study coronavirus disease 2019. The network comprises multidisciplinary researchers bridging gaps and fostering collaborations among immunologists, epidemiologists, virologists, clinicians and clinical laboratories, social and behavioral scientists, policymakers, data scientists, and community members. In total, 49 institutions form the SeroNet consortium to study individuals with cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiovascular diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, as well as otherwise healthy pregnant women, children, college students, and high-risk occupational workers (including healthcare workers and first responders).ResultsSeveral studies focus on underrepresented populations, including ethnic minorities and rural communities. To support integrative data analyses across SeroNet studies, efforts are underway to define common data elements for standardized serology measurements, cellular and molecular assays, self-reported data, treatment, and clinical outcomes.ConclusionsIn this paper, we discuss the overarching framework for SeroNet epidemiology studies, critical research questions under investigation, and data accessibility for the worldwide scientific community. Lessons learned will help inform preparedness and responsiveness to future emerging diseases.

Published
2022

12. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Among Emergency Health Care Personnel: Impact on Delivery of United States Emergency Medical Care, 2020

Author

Bahamon, Monica, Carlson, Jestin N., Chisolm-Straker, Makini, Driver, Brian, Faine, Brett, Fuller, Brian M., Galbraith, James, Haran, John P., Higgins, Amanda, Hinson, Jeremiah, House, Stacey, Idris, Ahamed H., Kean, Efrat, Krebs, Elizabeth, Kurz, Michael C., Lee, Lilly, Liang, Stephen Y., Lim, Stephen C., Montoy, Juan Carlos, Rodriguez, Robert M., Moran, Gregory, Nandi, Utsav, Pathmarajah, Kavitha, Paxton, James H., Perez, Yesenia, Richardson, Lynne D., Rothman, Richard, Schrading, Walter A., Shuck, Jessica, Slev, Patricia, Smithline, Howard A., Romain, Michelle St., Souffront, Kimberly, Steele, Mark T., Stubbs, Amy, Swanson, Morgan B., Tiao, Josh, Torres, Jesus R., Trent, Stacy A., Uribe, Lisandra, Venkat, Arvind, Volturo, Gregory, Willey, James, Weber, Kurt D., Mower, William, Krishnadasan, Anusha, Mohr, Nicholas M., Giordano, Philip A., Eyck, Patrick Ten, Harland, Karisa K., Wallace, Kelli, McDonald, Lawrence Clifford, Kutty, Preeta K., Hesse, Elisabeth M., and Talan, David A.

Published
2024
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13. Early trajectories of virological and immunological biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19: an international, prospective cohort study

Author

Sahner, David, Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., McKay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Hensely, Lisa, Lorenzo, Johsua, Mock, Rebecca, Zuckerman, Judith, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Kang, Nayon, Barrett, Kevin, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Currier, Judy, Hughes, Eric, Harrigan, Rachel H., Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Collins, Gary, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Engen, Nicole, Frase, Alex, Gandits, Greg, Grund, Birgit, Harrison, Merrie, Hurlbut, Nancy, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Larson, Gregg, Meger, Sue, Mistry, Shweta Sharma, Murray, Thomas, Nelson, Ray, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Siegel, Lianne, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Walski, Jamie, Gelijns, Annetine C., Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Burris, Sarah, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lola, Overbey, Jessica R., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samatha, Wang, Samatha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Dreyer, Grace R., Stafford, Neil, Brooks, Megan, Der, Tatyana, Witte, Marie, Gamarallage, Ruwan, Franzone, John, Ivey, Noel, Lumsden, Rebecca H., Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmaad, Holland, Thomas L., Motta, Mary, Lane, Kathleen, McGowan, Lauren M., Stout, Jennifer, Aloor, Heather, Bragg, Kennesha M., Toledo, Barvina, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Hollister, Beth A., Griffin, Michelle, Giangiacomo, Dana M., Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Johnathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Sylvia Laudun, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Manian, Prasad, Sohail, M. Rizwan, Postalian, Alexander, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Chen, James, Fink, Melyssa, Sturgis, Lydia, Walker, Kim, Mahon, Kim, Parenti, Jennifer, Kappenman, Casey, Knight, Aryn, Sturek, Jeffrey M., Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Adams, Amy, Badhwar, Vinay, Sharma, Sunil, Peppers, Briana, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresico, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Di, Fang, Carlson, Shawn, Aucremanne, Tanja, Tennant, Connie, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Traverse, Jay H., Rhame, Frank, Huelster, Joshua, Kethireddy, Rajesh, Davies, Irena, Salamanca, Julianne, Majeski, Christine, Skelton, Paige, Zarambo, Maria, Sarafolean, Andrea, Bowdish, Michael E., Borok, Zea, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, Mary, Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Loxano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Quesada, Christine, Hamilton, Luke, Escobar, Jose, Leshnower, Brad, Bender, William, Sharifpour, Milad, Miller, Jeffrey, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary, Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elisabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberly, Audette, Mathew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Kreshta, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nyguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Moroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Walker-Ignasiak, Rebecca, North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Steingrub, Jay H., Hou, Peter K., Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Romain, Sarah, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Andromidas, Konstantinos, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Bolstad, Michael, Boyle, Katherine L., Cabrera, Payton, deVilla, Arnaldo, Ellis, Joshua C., Grafals, Ana, Hayes, Sharon, Higgins, Conor, Kurt, Lisa, Kurtzman, Nicholas, Redman, Kimberly, Rosseto, Elinita, Scaffidi, Douglas, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Parry, Blair, Margolin, Justin, Hillis, Brooklynn, Hamer, Rhonda, Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, McKaig, Brenna, Kugener, Eleonore, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Yee, Kimberley J., Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Lin, Michael Y., Vargas, Julia, Sihota, Hena, Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan H., Roque, Jonasel, Wang, Henry, Huebinger, Ryan M., Patel, Bela, Vidales, Elizabeth, Albertson, Timothy, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Moss, Marc A., Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Douin, David J., Martinez, Flora, Finck, Lani L., Bastman, Jill, Howell, Michelle, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Finigan, Jay, Stubenrauch, Peter, Janssen, William J., Griesmer, Christine, VerBurg, Olivia, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jimenez, Jose, Olbrich, Norman, McDonough, Kelli, Jia, Shijing, Hanna, Sinan, Gong, Michelle N., Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Offor, Obiageli, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Nkemdirim, William, Boujid, Sabah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Hypes, Cameron, Campbell, Elizabeth Salvagio, Bixby, Billie, Gilson, Boris, Lopez, Anitza, Bime, Christian, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Cano, Ariana M., Hite, R. Duncan, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Hudock, Kristin, Tanzeem, Hammad, More, Harshada, Martinkovic, Jamie, Sellers, Susan, Houston, Judy, Burns, Mary, Kiran, Simra, Roads, Tammy, Kennedy, Sarah, Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Dugar, Siddharth, Sahoo, Debasis, Yealy, Donald M., Angus, Derek C., Weissman, Alexandra J., Vita, Tina M., Berryman, Emily, Hough, Catherine L., Khan, Akram, Krol, Olivia F., Mills, Emmanuel, Kinjal, Mistry, Briceno, Genesis, Reddy, Raju, Hubel, Kinsley, Jouzestani, Milad K., McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Johnston, Nicholas J., Robinson, Bryce H., Gundel, Staphanie J., Katsandres, Sarah C., Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Parimon, Tanyalak, Caudill, Antonina, Mattison, Brittany, Jackman, Susan E., Chen, Po-En, Bayoumi, Emad, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, Dar, Tahir B., Fleury Augustin, Nsole Biteghe, Tran, Dana, Dukov, Jennifer Emilow, Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Wynter, Timothy, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Caudill, Antonia, O’Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Miller, Chadwick, Files, D. Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Palacios, D. Rafael, Parks, Lisa, Hicks, Madeline, Goodwin, Andrew J., Kilb, Edward F., Lematty, Caitlan T., Patti, Kerilyn, Grady, Abigail, Rasberry, April, Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sarah N., Mayer, Kirby P., Pharm.D., Brittany Bissel, Trott, Terren, Rehman, Shahnaz, de Wit, Marjolein, Mason, Jessica, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk U., Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Pelton, Ithan, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Klippel, Carolyn, Jensen, Hannah, Duckworth, Sarah, Gray, Andrew, Burke, Tyler, Knox, Dan, Lumpkin, Jenna, Aston, Valerie T., Applegate, Darrin, Serezlic, Erna, Brown, Katie, Merril, Mardee, Harris, Estelle S., Middleton, Elizabeth A., Barrios, Macy A.G., Greer, Jorden, Schmidt, Amber D., Webb, Melissa K., Paine, Roert, Callahan, Sean J., Waddoups, Lindsey J., Yamane, Misty B., Self, Wesley H., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Menon, Vidya, Kasubhai, Moiz, Pillai, Anjana, Daniel, Jean, Sittler, Daniel, Kanna, Balavenkatesh, Jilani, Nargis, Amaro, Francisco, Santana, Jessica, Lyakovestsky, Aleksandr, Madhoun, Issa, Desroches, Louis Marie, Amadon, Nicole, Bahr, Alaa, Ezzat, Imaan, Guerrero, Maryanne, Padilla, Joane, Fullmer, Jessie, Singh, Inderpreet, Ali Shah, Syed Hamad, Narang, Rajeev, Mock, Polly, Shadle, Melissa, Hernandez, Brenda, Welch, Kevin, Payne, Andrea, Ertl, Gabriela, Canario, Daniel, Barrientos, Isabel, Goss, Danielle, DeVries, Mattie, Folowosele, Ibidolapo, Garner, Dorothy, Gomez, Mariana, Price, Justin, Bansal, Ekta, Wong, Jim, Faulhaber, Jason, Fazili, Tasaduq, Yeary, Brian, Ndolo, Ruth, Bryant, Christina, Smigeil, Bridgette, Robinson, Philip, Najjar, Rana, Jones, Patrice, Nguyen, Julie, Chin, Christina, Taha, Hassan, Najm, Salah, Smith, Christopher, Moore, Jason, Nassar, Talal, Gallinger, Nick, Christian, Amy, Mauer, D’Amber, Phipps, Ashley, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Landazuri, Rosalynn, Pineda, Jacob, Uribe, Nicole, Garcia, Jose Ruiz, Barbabosa, Cecilia, Sandler, Kaitlyn, Overcash, J. Scott, Marquez, Adrienna, Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, Quillin, Kimberly, Garcia, Andrea, Lew, Pauline, Rogers, Ralph, Shehadeh, Fadi, Mylona, Evangelia K., Kaczynski, Matthew, Tran, Quynh-Lam, Benitez, Gregorio, Mishra, Biswajit, Felix, Lewis Oscar, Vafea, Maria Tsikala, Atalla, Eleftheria, Davies, Robin, Hedili, Salma, Monkeberg, Maria Andrea, Tabler, Sandra, Harrington, Britt, Meegada, Sreenath, Koripalli, Venkata Sandeep, Muddana, Prithvi, Jain, Lakshay, Undavalli, Chaitanya, Kavya, Parasa, Ibiwoye, Mofoluwaso, Akilo, Hameed, Lovette, Bryce D., Wylie, Jamie-Crystal, Smith, Diana M., Poon, Kenneth, Eckardt, Paula, Heysu, Rubio-Gomez, Sundararaman, Nithya, Alaby, Doris, Sareli, Candice, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberley, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Weintrob, Amy, Brar, Indira, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Corpuz, Roweena, Alangaden, George, McKinnon, John, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Yared, Nicholas, Lanfranco, Odaliz Abreu, Rivers, Emanuel, Swiderek, Jennifer, Gupta, Ariella Hodari, Pabla, Pardeep, Eliya, Sonia, Jazrawi, Jehan, Delor, Jeremy, Desai, Mona, Cook, Aaron, Jaehne, Anja Kathrina, Gill, Jasreen Kaur, Renaud, Sheri, Sarveswaran, Siva, Gardner, Edward, Scott, James, Bianchini, Monica, Melvin, Casey, Kim, Gina, Wyles, David, Kamis, Kevin, Miller, Rachel, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Hicks, Carrie, Lazarte, Susana, Marines-Price, Rubria, Osuji, Alice, Agbor Agbor, Barbine Tchamba, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Garcia, Angie, Cha, Christine, Mozaffari, Azadeh, Hernandez, Rosa, Cutrell, James, Kim, Mina, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Somboonwit, Charurut, Oxner, Asa, Guerra, Lucy, Hayes, Michael, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Thanh, Pinto, Avenette, Hatlen, Timothy, Anderson, Betty, Zepeda-Gutierrez, Ana, Martin, Dannae, Temblador, Cindi, Cuenca, Avon, Tanoviceanu, Roxanne, Prieto, Martha, Guerrero, Mario, Daar, Eric, Correa, Ramiro, Hartnell, Gabe, Wortmann, Glenn, Doshi, Saumil, Moriarty, Theresa, Gonzales, Melissa, Garman, Kristin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Driver, Brian, Frank, Christine, Leviton, Tzivia, Prekker, Matthew, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Kunisaki, Ken M., Wendt, Chris, Melzer, Anne, Wetherbee, Erin, Drekonja, Dimitri, Pragman, Alexa, Hamel, Aimee, Thielen, Abbie, Hassler, Miranda, Walquist, Mary, Augenbraun, Michael, George, Jensen, Demeo, Lynette, Mishko, Motria, Thomas, Lorraine, Tatem, Luis, Dehovitz, Jack, Abassi, Mahsa, Leuck, Anne-Marie, Rao, Via, Pullen, Matthew, Luke, Darlette, LaBar, Derek, Christiansen, Theresa, Howard, Diondra, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Davis-Karim, Anne, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Johnstone, Jaylynn R., Agnetti, Kate, Davis, Ruby, Trautner, Barbara, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Wang, Yiqun, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Caldwell, Erin, Humerickhouse, Edward, Boone, David, McGraw, William, Looney, David J., Mehta, Sanjay R., Johns, Scott Thompson, St. John, Melissa, Raceles, Jacqueline, Sear, Emily, Funk, Stephen, Cesarini, Rosa, Fang, Michelle, Nicalo, Keith, Drake, Wonder, Jones, Beatrice, Holtman, Teresa, Nguyen, Hien H., Maniar, Archana, Johnson, Eric A., Nguyen, Lam, Tran, Michelle T., Barrett, Thomas W., Johnston, Tera, Huggins, John T., Beiko, Tatsiana Y., Hughes, Heather Y., McManigle, William C., Tanner, Nichole T., Washburn, Ronald G., Ardelt, Magdalena, Tuohy, Patricia A., Mixson, Jennifer L., Hinton, Charles G., Thornley, Nicola, Allen, Heather, Elam, Shannon, Boatman, Barry, Baber, Brittany J., Ryant, Rudell, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani Morgan, Research, Marivic Hansen, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Lu, Kan, Peters, Theresa, Lopez, Jessica, Tan, Susanna Yu, Lee, Robert H., Asghar, Aliya, Karyn Isip, Tasadduq Karim, Le, Katherine, Nguyen, Thao, Wong, Shinn, Raben, Dorthe, Murray, Daniel D., Jensen, Tomas O., Peters, Lars, Aagaard, Bitten, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Krapp, Katharina, Nykjær, Bente Rosdahl, Olsson, Christina, Kanne, Katja Lisa, Grevsen, Anne Louise, Joensen, Zillah Maria, Bruun, Tina, Bojesen, Ane, Woldbye, Frederik, Normand, Nick E., Esman, Frederik V.L., Benfield, Thomas, Clausen, Clara Lundetoft, Hovmand, Nichlas, Israelsen, Simone Bastrup, Iversen, Katrine, Leding, Caecilie, Pedersen, Karen Brorup, Thorlacius-Ussing, Louise, Tinggaard, Michaela, Tingsgard, Sandra, Krohn-Dehli, Louise, Pedersen, Dorthe, Villadsen, Signe, Staehr Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Overgaard, Rikke, Rastoder, Ema, Heerfordt, Christian, Hedsund, Caroline, Ronn, Christian Phillip, Kamstrup, Peter Thobias, Hogsberg, Dorthe Sandbaek, Bergsoe, Christina, Søborg, Christian, Hissabu, Nuria M.S., Arp, Bodil C., Ostergaard, Lars, Staerke, Nina Breinholt, Yehdego, Yordanos, Sondergaard, Ane, Johansen, Isik S., Pedersen, Andreas Arnholdt, Knudtzen, Fredrikke C., Larsen, Lykke, Hertz, Mathias A., Fabricius, Thilde, Holden, Inge K., Lindvig, Susan O., Helleberg, Marie, Gerstoft, Jan, Kirk, Ole, Jensen, Tomas Ostergaard, Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Pedersen, Thomas Ingemann, Harboe, Zitta Barrella, Roge, Birgit Thorup, Hansen, Thomas Michael, Glesner, Matilde Kanstrup, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Nielsen, Ariella Denize, Leicht von Huth, Sebastian, Nielsen, Henrik, Thisted, Rikke Krog, Petersen, Kristine Toft, Juhl, Maria Ruwald, Podlekareva, Daria, Johnsen, Stine, Andreassen, Helle Frost, Pedersen, Lars, Clara Ellinor Lindnér, Cecilia Ebba, Wiese, Lothar, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Skrøder Nytofte, Nikolaj Julian, Havmøller, Signe Ravn, Expósito, Maria, Badillo, José, Martínez, Ana, Abad, Elena, Chamorro, Ana, Figuerola, Ariadna, Mateu, Lourdes, España, Sergio, Lucero, Maria Constanza, Santos, José Ramón, Lladós, Gemma, Lopez, Cristina, Carabias, Lydia, Molina-Morant, Daniel, Loste, Cora, Bracke, Carmen, Siles, Adrian, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Di Natale, Marisa, Padure, Sergiu, Gomez, Jimena, Ausin, Cristina, Cervilla, Eva, Balastegui, Héctor, Sainz, Carmen Rodríguez, Lopez, Paco, Carbone, Javier, Escobar, Mariam, Balerdi, Leire, Legarda, Almudena, Roldan, Montserrat, Letona, Laura, Muñoz, José, Camprubí, Daniel, Arribas, Jose R., Sánchez, Rocio Montejano, Díaz-Pollán, Beatriz, Stewart, Stefan Mark, Garcia, Irene, Borobia, Alberto, Mora-Rillo, Marta, Estrada, Vicente, Cabello, Noemi, Nuñez-Orantos, M.J., Sagastagoitia, I., Homen, J.R., Orviz, E., Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Espinosa-Pereiro, Juan, Bosch-Nicolau, Pau, Salvador, Fernando, Burgos, Joaquin, Morales-Rull, Jose Luis, Moreno Pena, Anna Maria, Acosta, Cristina, Solé-Felip, Cristina, Horcajada, Juan P., Sendra, Elena, Castañeda, Silvia, López-Montesinos, Inmaculada, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gonzáles, Carlota Gudiol, Cuervo, Guilermo, Pujol, Miquel, Carratalà, Jordi, Videla, Sebastià, Günthard, Huldrych, Braun, Dominique L., West, Emily, M’Rabeth-Bensalah, Khadija, Eichinger, Mareile L., Grüttner-Durmaz, Manuela, Grube, Christina, Zink, Veronika, pharmacist, Goes pharmacist, Josefine, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Malin, Jakob J., Tsertsvadze, Tengiz, Abutidze, Akaki, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Metchurtchlishvili, Revaz, Endeladze, Marina, Paciorek, Marcin, Bursa, Dominik, Krogulec, Dominika, Pulik, Piotr, Ignatowska, Anna, Horban, Andrzej, Bakowska, Elzbieta, Kowaska, Justyna, Bednarska, Agnieszka, Jurek, Natalia, Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata, Bienkowski, Carlo, Hackiewicz, Malgorzata, Makowiecki, Michal, Platowski, Antoni, Fishchuk, Roman, Kobrynska, Olena, Levandovska, Khrystyna, Kirieieva, Ivanna, Kuziuk, Mykhailo, Naucler, Pontus, Perlhamre, Emma, Mazouch, Lotta, Kelleher, Anthony, Polizzotto, Mark, Carey, Catherine, Chang, Christina C., Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Davidson, Sarah, Bice, Daniel J., Ognenovska, Katherine, Cabrera, Gesalit, Flynn, Ruth, Young, Barnaby E., Chia, Po Ying, Lee, Tau Hong, Lin, Ray J., Lye, David C., Ong, Sean W.X., Puah, Ser Hon, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Diong, Shiau Hui, Ongko, Juwinda, Yeo, He Ping, Eriobu, Nnakelu, Kwaghe, Vivian, Zaiyad, Habib, Idoko, Godwin, Uche, Blessing, Selvamuthu, Poongulali, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Beulah, Faith Ester, Govindarajan, Narayan, Mariyappan, Kowsalya, Losso, Marcelo H., Abela, Cecilia, Moretto, Renzo, Belloc, Carlos G., Ludueña, Jael, Amar, Josefina, Toibaro, Javier, Macias, Laura Moreno, Fernandez, Lucia, Frare, Pablo S., Chaio, Sebastian R., Pachioli, Valeria, Timpano, Stella M., Sanchez, Marisa del Lujan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Stanek, Vanina, Belloso, Waldo, Cilenti, Flavia L., Valentini, Ricardo N., Stryjewski, Martin E., Locatelli, Nicolas, Soler Riera, Maria C., Salgado, Clara, Baeck, Ines M., Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Zarza, Stella M., Hudson, Fleur, Parmar, Mahesh K.B., Goodman, Anna L., Dphil, Badrock, Jonathan, Gregory, Adam, Goodall, Katharine, Harris, Nicola, Wyncoll, James, Bhagani, S., Rodger, A., Luntiel, A., Patterson, C., Morales, J., Witele, E., Preston, A.-M., Nandani, A., Price, D.A., Hanrath, Aiden, Nell, Jeremy, Patel, Bijal, Hays, Carole, Jones, Geraldine, Davidson, Jade, Bawa, T., Mathews, M., Mazzella, A., Bisnauthsing, K., Aguilar-Jimenez, L., Borchini, F., Hammett, S., Touloumi, Giota, Pantazis, Nikos, Gioukari, Vicky, Souliou, Tania, Antoniadou, A., Protopapas, K., Kavatha, D., Grigoropoulou, S., Oikonomopoulo, C., Moschopoulos, C., Koulouris, N.G., Tzimopoulos, K., Koromilias, A., Argyraki, K., Lourida, P., Bakakos, P., Kalomenidis, I., Vlachakos, V., Barmparessou, Z., Balis, E., Zakynthinos, S., Sigala, I., Gianniou, N., Dima, E., Magkouta, S., Synolaki, E., Konstanta, S., Vlachou, M., Stathopoulou, P., Panagopoulos, P., Petrakis, V., Papazoglou, D., Tompaidou, E., Isaakidou, E., Poulakou, G., Rapti, V., Leontis, K., Nitsotolis, T., Athanasiou, K., Syrigos, K., Kyriakoulis, K., Trontzas, I., Arfara-Melanini, M., Kolonis, V., Kityo, Cissy, Mugerwa, Henry, Kiweewa, Francis, Kimuli, Ivan, Lukaakome, Joseph, Nsereko, Christoher, Lubega, Gloria, Kibirige, Moses, Nakahima, William, Wangi, Deus, Aguti, Evelyne, Generous, Lilian, Massa, Rosemary, Nalaki, Margaret, Magala, Felix, Nabaggala, Phiona Kaweesi, Kidega, Robert, Faith, Oryem Daizy, Florence, Apio, Emmanuel, Ocung, Beacham, Mugoonyi Paul, Geoffrey, Amone, Nakiboneka, Dridah, Apiyo, Paska, Kirenga, Bruce, Atukunda, Angella, Muttamba, Winters, Remmy, Kyeyume, Segawa, Ivan, Pheona, Nsubuga, Kigere, David, Mbabazi, Queen Lailah, Boersalino, Ledra, Nyakoolo, Grace, Fred, Aniongo, Alupo, Alice, Ebong, Doryn, Monday, Edson, Nalubwama, Ritah Norah, Kainja, Milton, Ambrose, Munu, Kwehayo, Vanon, Nalubega, Mary Grace, Ongoli, Augustine, Obbo, Stephen, Sebudde, Nicholus, Alaba, Jeniffer, Magombe, Geoffrey, Tino, Harriet, Obonya, Emmanuel, Lutaakome, Joseph, Kitonsa, Jonathan, Onyango, Martin, Naboth, Tukamwesiga, Naluyinda, Hadijah, Nanyunja, Regina, Irene, Muttiibwa, Jane, Biira, Wimfred, Kyobejja, Leonard, Ssemazzi, Deus, Tkiinomuhisha, Babra, Namasaba, Taire, Paul, Nabankema, Evelyn, Ogavu, Joseph, Mugerwa, Oscar, Okoth, Ivan, Mwebaze, Raymond, Mugabi, Timothy, Makhoba, Anthony, Arikiriza, Phiona, Theresa, Nabuuma, Nakayima, Hope, Frank, Kisuule, Ramgi, Patrícia, Pereira, Kássia, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Klekotka, Paul, Price, Karen, Nirula, Ajay, Osei, Suzette, Tipple, Craig, Wills, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Gupta, Rajesh, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Margolis, David, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Zhu, Quing, Seegobin, Seth, Gibbs, Michael, Latchman, Mickel, Hasior, Katarzyna, Bouquet, Jerome, Wei, Jianxin, Streicher, Katie, Schmelzer, Albert, Brooks, Dennis, Butcher, Jonny, Tonev, Dimitar, Arbetter, Douglas, Damstetter, Philippe, Legenne, Philippe, Stumpp, Michael, Goncalves, Susana, Ramanathan, Krishnan, Chandra, Richa, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Schechner, Adam, Holley, H. Preston, Jankelevich, Shirley, Becker, Nancy, Dolney, Suzanne, Hissey, Debbie, Simpson, Shelly, Kim, Mi Ha, Beeler, Joy, Harmon, Liam, Asomah, Mabel, Jato, Yvonne, Stottlemyer, April, Tang, Olivia, Vanderpuye, Sharon, Yeon, Lindsey, Buehn, Molly, Eccard-Koons, Vanessa, Frary, Sadie, MacDonald, Leah, Cash, Jennifer, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Linton, Jessica, Schaffhauser, Marylu, Nelson, Michaela, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Proffitt, Calvin, Lee, Christopher, Engel, Theresa, Fontaine, Laura, Osborne, C.K., Hohn, Matt, Galcik, Michael, Thompson, DeeDee, Kopka, Stacey, Shelley, Denise M., Mendez, Gregg, Brown, Shawn, Albert, Sara, Balde, Abby, Baracz, Michelle, Bielica, Mona, Billouin-Frazier, Shere, Choudary, Jay, Dixon, Mary, Eyler, Carolyn, Frye, Leanne, Gertz, Jensen, Giebeig, Lisa, Gulati, Neelam, Hankinson, Liz, Hogarty, Debi, Huber, Lynda, Krauss, Gary, Lake, Eileen, Manandhar, Meryan, Rudzinski, Erin, Sandrus, Jen, Suders, Connie, Natarajan, Ven, Rupert, Adam W., Baseler, Michael, Lynam, Danielle, Imamichi, Tom, Laverdure, Sylvain, McCormack, Ashley, Paudel, Sharada, Cook, Kyndal, Haupt, Kendra, Khan, Ayub, Hazen, Allison, Badralmaa, Yunden, Smith, Kenneth, Patel, Bhakti, Kubernac, Amanda, Kubernac, Robert, Hoover, Marie L., Solomon, Courtney, Rashid, Marium, Murphy, Joseph, Brown, Craig, DuChateau, Nadine, Ellis, Sadie, Flosi, Adam, Fox, Lisa, Johnson, Les, Nelson, Rich, Stojanovic, Jelena, Treagus, Amy, Wenner, Christine, Williams, Richard, Jensen, Tomas O, Murray, Thomas A, Grandits, Greg A, Jain, Mamta K, Shaw-Saliba, Kathryn, Matthay, Michael A, Baker, Jason V, Dewar, Robin L, Goodman, Anna L, Hatlen, Timothy J, Highbarger, Helene C, Lallemand, Perrine, Leshnower, Bradley G, Looney, David, Moschopoulos, Charalampos D, Murray, Daniel D, Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Rehman, M Tauseef, Rupert, Adam, Stevens, Randy, Turville, Stuart, Wick, Katherine, Lundgren, Jens, and Ko, Emily R

Published
2024
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14. Validation of a screening tool for labor and sex trafficking among emergency department patients.

Author

Chisolm-Straker, Makini, Singer, Elizabeth, Strong, David, Loo, George T, Rothman, Emily F, Clesca, Cindy, d'Etienne, James, Alanis, Naomi, and Richardson, Lynne D

Subjects
commercialized violence, human trafficking, identification, labor trafficking, screening, sex trafficking, validation, Health Services, Emergency Care, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies
Abstract

ObjectivePatients with labor and sex trafficking experiences seek healthcare while and after being trafficked. Their trafficking experiences are often unrecognized by clinicians who lack a validated tool to systematically screen for trafficking. We aimed to derive and validate a brief, comprehensive trafficking screening tool for use in healthcare settings.MethodsPatients were randomly selected to participate in this prospective study based on time of arrival. Data collectors administered 5 dichotomous index questions and a reference standard trafficking assessment tool that requires 30 to 60 minutes to administer. Data collection was from June 2016 to January 2021. Data from patients in 5 New York City (NYC) emergency departments (EDs) were used for tool psychometric derivation, and data from patients in a Fort Worth ED were used for external validation. Clinically stable ED adults (aged ≥18 years) were eligible to participate. Candidate questions were selected from the Trafficking Victim Identification Tool (TVIT). The study outcome measurement was a determination of a participant having a lifetime experience of labor and/or sex trafficking based on the interpretation of the reference standard interview, the TVIT.ResultsOverall, 4127 ED patients were enrolled. In the derivation group, the reference standard identified 36 (1.1%) as positive for a labor and/or sex trafficking experience. In the validation group, 12 (1.4%) were positive by the reference standard. Rapid Appraisal for Trafficking (RAFT) is a new 4-item trafficking screening tool: in the derivation group, RAFT was 89% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI], 79%-99%) and 74% specific (95% CI, 73%-76%) and in the external validation group, RAFT was 100% sensitive (95% CI, 100%-100%) and 61% specific (95% CI, 56%-65%).ConclusionsThe rapid, 4-item RAFT screening tool demonstrated good sensitivity compared with the existing, resource-intensive reference standard tool. RAFT may enhance the detection of human trafficking in EDs. Additional multicenter studies and research on RAFT's implementation are needed.

Published
2021

15. Electronic Health Record-Embedded Individualized Pain Plans for Emergency Department Treatment of Vaso-occlusive Episodes in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Protocol for a Preimplementation and Postimplementation Study.

Author

Luo, Lingzi, King, Allison A, Carroll, Yvonne, Baumann, Ana A, Brambilla, Donald, Carpenter, Christopher R, Colla, Joseph, Gibson, Robert W, Gollan, Siera, Hall, Greg, Klesges, Lisa, Kutlar, Abdullah, Lyon, Matthew, Melvin, Cathy L, Norell, Sarah, Mueller, Martina, Potter, Michael B, Richesson, Rachel, Richardson, Lynne D, Ryan, Gery, Siewny, Lauren, Treadwell, Marsha, Zun, Leslie, Armstrong-Brown, Janelle, Cox, Lisa, and Tanabe, Paula

Subjects
RE-AIM, digital medicine, electronic health record, emergency department care, health innovation, implementation science, pain treatment, patient portal, sickle cell disease, Clinical Research, Pain Research, Hematology, Health Services, Sickle Cell Disease, Rare Diseases, Emergency Care, Chronic Pain, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

BackgroundIndividuals living with sickle cell disease often require aggressive treatment of pain associated with vaso-occlusive episodes in the emergency department. Frequently, pain relief is poor. The 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute evidence-based guidelines recommended an individualized treatment and monitoring protocol to improve pain management of vaso-occlusive episodes.ObjectiveThis study will implement an electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plan with provider and patient access in the emergency departments of 8 US academic centers to improve pain treatment for adult patients with sickle cell disease. This study will assess the overall effects of electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans on improving patient and provider outcomes associated with pain treatment in the emergency department setting and explore barriers and facilitators to the implementation process.MethodsA preimplementation and postimplementation study is being conducted by all 8 sites that are members of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. Adults with sickle cell disease aged 18 to 45 years who had a visit to a participating emergency department for vaso-occlusive episodes within 90 days prior to enrollment will be eligible for inclusion. Patients will be enrolled in the clinic or remotely. The target analytical sample size of this study is 160 patient participants (20 per site) who have had an emergency department visit for vaso-occlusive episode treatment at participating emergency departments during the study period. Each site is expected to enroll approximately 40 participants to reach the analytical sample size. The electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans will be written by the patient's sickle cell disease provider, and sites will work with the local informatics team to identify the best method to build the electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plan with patient and provider access. Each site will adopt required patient and provider implementation strategies and can choose to adopt optional strategies to improve the uptake and sustainability of the intervention. The study is informed by the Technology Acceptance Model 2 and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Provider and patient baseline survey, follow-up survey within 96 hours of an emergency department vaso-occlusive episode visit, and selected qualitative interviews within 2 weeks of an emergency department visit will be performed to assess the primary outcome, patient-perceived quality of emergency department pain treatment, and additional implementation and intervention outcomes. Electronic health record data will be used to analyze individualized pain plan adherence and additional secondary outcomes, such as hospital admission and readmission rates.ResultsThe study is currently enrolling study participants. The active implementation period is 18 months.ConclusionsThis study proposes a structured, framework-informed approach to implement electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans with both patient and provider access in routine emergency department practice. The results of the study will inform the implementation of electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans at a larger scale outside of Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium centers.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04584528; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04584528.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/24818.

Published
2021

17. A Scoping Review of Current Social Emergency Medicine Research

Author

Shah, Ruhee, Della Porta, Alessandra, Leung, Sherman, Samuels-Kalow, Margaret, Schoenfeld, Elizabeth M., Richardson, Lynne D., and Lin, Michelle P.

Subjects
social emergency medicine, social determinants of health
Abstract

Introduction: Social emergency medicine (EM) is an emerging field that examines the intersection of emergency care and social factors that influence health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to explore the breadth and content of existing research pertaining to social EM to identify potential areas where future social EM research efforts should be directed. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search using Medical Subject Heading terms and phrases pertaining to social EM topic areas (e.g., “homelessness,” “housing instability”) based on previously published expert consensus. For searches that yielded fewer than 100 total publications, we used the PubMed “similar publications” tool to expand the search and ensure no relevant publications were missed. Studies were independently abstracted by two investigators and classified as relevant if they were conducted in US or Canadian emergency departments (ED). We classified relevant publications by study design type (observational or interventional research, systematic review, or commentary), publication site, and year. Discrepancies in relevant publications or classification were reviewed by a third investigator. Results: Our search strategy yielded 1,571 publications, of which 590 (38%) were relevant to social EM; among relevant publications, 58 (10%) were interventional studies, 410 (69%) were observational studies, 26 (4%) were systematic reviews, and 96 (16%) were commentaries. The majority (68%) of studies were published between 2010–2020. Firearm research and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health research in particular grew rapidly over the last five years. The human trafficking topic area had the highest percentage (21%) of interventional studies. A significant portion of publications -- as high as 42% in the firearm violence topic area – included observational data or interventions related to children or the pediatric ED. Areas with more search results often included many publications describing disparities known to predispose ED patients to adverse outcomes (e.g., socioeconomic or racial disparities), or the influence of social determinants on ED utilization.  Conclusion: Social emergency medicine research has been growing over the past 10 years, although areas such as firearm violence and LGBTQ health have had more research activity than other topics. The field would benefit from a consensus-driven research agenda.

Published
2021

19. Triage and Ongoing Care for Critically Ill Patients in the Emergency Department: Results from a National Survey of Emergency Physicians

Author

Mathews, Kusum S., Rodriguez, Sandra M., Nelson, Judith E., and Richardson, Lynne D.

Subjects
Intensive Care Unit, Critical Illness, Critical Care, Physicians, Emergency Medicine, Triage, Decision Making
Abstract

Introduction: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai to elicit emergency physician (EP) perceptions regarding intensive care unit (ICU) triage decisions and ongoing management for boarding of ICU patients in the emergency department (ED). We assessed factors influencing the disposition decision for critically ill patients in the ED to characterize EPs’ perceptions about ongoing critical care delivery in the ED while awaiting ICU admission.Methods: Through content expert review and pilot testing, we iteratively developed a 25-item written survey targeted to EPs, eliciting current ICU triage structure, opinions on factors influencing ICU admission decisions, and views on caring for critically ill patients “boarding” in the ED for >4-6 hours.Results: We approached 732 EPs at a large, national emergency medicine conference, achieving 93.6% response and completion rate, with 54% academic and 46% community participants. One-fifth reported having formal ICU admission criteria, although only 36.6% reported adherence. Common factors influencing EPs’ ICU triage decisions were illness severity (91.1%), ICU interventions needed (87.6%), and diagnosis (68.2%), while ICU bed availability (13.5%) and presence of other critically ill patients in ED (10.2%) were less or not important. While 72.1% reported frequently caring for ICU boarders, respondents identified high patient volume (61.3%) and inadequate support staffing (48.6%) as the most common challenges in caring for boarding ICU patients.Conclusion: Patient factors (eg, diagnosis, illness severity) were seen as more important than system factors (eg, bed availability) in triaging ED patients to the ICU. Boarding ICU patients is a common challenge for more than two-thirds of EPs, exacerbated by ED volume and staffing constraints.

Published
2020

20. The First National Institutes of Health Institutional Training Program in Emergency Care Research: Productivity and Outcomes

Author

Newgard, Craig D, Morris, Cynthia D, Smith, Lindsey, Cook, Jennifer NB, Yealy, Donald M, Collins, Sean, Holmes, James F, Kuppermann, Nathan, Richardson, Lynne D, Kimmel, Stephen, Becker, Lance B, Scott, Jane D, Lowe, Robert A, Callaway, Clifton W, Gowen, L Kris, Baren, Jill, Storrow, Alan B, Vasilevsky, Nicole, White, Marijane, and Zell, Adrienne

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Age Distribution, Emergency Medicine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Program Evaluation, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Study objectiveWe assess the productivity, outcomes, and experiences of participants in the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded K12 institutional research training programs in emergency care research.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods study design to evaluate the 6 K12 programs, including 2 surveys, participant interviews, scholar publications, grant submissions, and funded grants. The training program lasted from July 1, 2011, through June 30, 2017. We tracked scholars for a minimum of 3 years and up to 5 years, beginning with date of entry into the program. We interviewed program participants by telephone using open-ended prompts.ResultsThere were 94 participants, including 43 faculty scholars, 13 principal investigators, 30 non-principal investigator primary mentors, and 8 program administrators. The survey had a 74% overall response rate, including 95% of scholars. On entry to the program, scholars were aged a median of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 34 to 40 years), with 16 women (37%), and represented 11 disciplines. Of the 43 scholars, 40 (93%) submitted a career development award or research project grant during or after the program; 26 (60%) have secured independent funding as of August 1, 2017. Starting with date of entry into the program, the median time to grant submission was 19 months (IQR 11 to 27 months) and time to funding was 33 months (IQR 27 to 39 months). Cumulative median publications per scholar increased from 7 (IQR 4 to 15.5) at program entry to 21 (IQR 11 to 33.5) in the first post-K12 year. We conducted 57 semistructured interviews and identified 7 primary themes.ConclusionThis training program produced 43 interdisciplinary investigators in emergency care research, with demonstrated productivity in grant funding and publications.

Published
2018

21. Feasibility of the Transport PLUS intervention to improve the transitions of care for patients transported home by ambulance: a non-randomized pilot study

Author

Munjal, Kevin G., Yeturu, Sai Kaushik, Chapin, Hugh H., Tan, Nadir, Gregoriou, Diana, Garcia, Daniela, Grudzen, Corita, Hwang, Ula, Morano, Barbara, Neher, Hayley, Gorbenko, Ksenia, Youngblood, Glen, Misra, Anjali, Dietrich, Staley, Gonzalez, Cyndi, Appel, Giselle, Jacobs, Erica, Siu, Albert, and Richardson, Lynne D.

Published
2022
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22. Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Self, Wesley H., Sandkovsky, Uriel, Reilly, Cavan S., Vock, David M., Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Golden, Kevin, Dishner, Emma, Vekstein, Andrew, Ko, Emily R., Der, Tatyana, Franzone, John, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Hayanga, J. Awori, Badhwar, Vinay, Leshnower, Bradley G., Sharifpour, Milad, Knowlton, Kirk U., Peltan, Ithan D., Bakowska, Elizieta, Kowalska, Justyna, Bowdish, Michael E., Sturek, Jeffrey M., Rogers, Angela J., Files, D. Clark, Mosier, Jarrod M., Gong, Michelle N., Douin, David J., Hite, R. Duncan, Trautner, Barbara W., Jain, Mamta K., Gardner, Edward M., Khan, Akram, Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Matthay, Michael A., Ginde, Adit A., Brown, Samuel M., Higgs, Elizabeth S., Pett, Sarah, Weintrob, Amy C., Chang, Christina C., Murrary, Daniel D., Günthard, Huldrych F., Moquete, Ellen, Grandits, Greg, Engen, Nicole, Grund, Birgit, Sharma, Shweta, Cao, Huyen, Gupta, Rajesh, Osei, Suzette, Margolis, David, Zhu, Qing, Polizzotto, Mark N., Babiker, Abdel G., Davey, Victoria J., Kan, Virginia, Thompson, B. Taylor, Gelijns, Annetine C., Neaton, James D., Lane, H. Clifford, Jundgren, Jens D., Tierney, John, Barrett, Kevin, Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., Voge, Susan E., McNay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Kirchoff, Matthew, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Chiu, Joseph, Hensley, Lisa, Lorenzo, Josua, Mock, Rebecca, Shaw-Saliba, Katy, Zuckerman, Judith, Adam, Stacey J., Currier, Judy, Read, Sarah, Hughes, Eric, Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Harrison, Merrie, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Meger, Sue, Murray, Thomas, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Thompson, Greg, Walski, Jamie, Wentworth, Deborah, Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lopa, Overbey, Jessica R., Padillia, Maria L., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Bettacchi, Christopher, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Burris, Sarah, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samantha, Want, Samantha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Marian, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Dreyer, Grace R., Witte, Marie, Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmad, Holland, Thomas L., Lane, Kathleen, Bouffler, Andrew, McGowan, Lauren M., Motta, Marry, Tipton, Gregory, Stallings, Ben, Stout, Gennifer, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Hollister, Beth A., Giangiacomo, Dana M., Sharma, Sunil, Pappers, Brian, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresio, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Preamble, Katarina, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Bartolo, Elizabeth Berry, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Bender, William, Miller, Jeffrey, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary K., Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elizabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, May M., Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Lozano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Possemato, Tammie, Escobar, Jose, Chiu, Charlene, Weissman, Kevin, Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Jonathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Laudun, Sylvia, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Maroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberley, Audette, Matthew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Freshta, Lee, Maia, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Caccia, Taylor, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Aggarwal, Neil R., Bienstock, Karen, Hou, Peter, Steingrub, Jay, Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Boyle, Katherine L., Hayes, Sharon, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah K., Parry, Blair Alden, Margolin, Justin D., Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, Kangelaris, Kirsten N., Yee, Kimberly J., Ashktorab, Kimia, Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Hendey, Gregory, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Roque, Jonasel, Perez, Cynthia, Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Vargas, Julia, Moss, Marc, Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Finck, Lani L., Howell, Michelle, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jia, Shijing, Sullins, Barbara, Hanna, Sinan, Olbrich, Norman, Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Offor, Obiageli, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Hudock, Kristin, Kiran, Simra, More, Harshada, Roads, Tammy, Martinkovic, Jamie, Kennedy, Sarah, Robinson, Bryce H., Hough, Catherine L., Krol, Olivia F., Kinjal, Mistry, Mills, Emmanuel, McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Jackman, Susan E., Bayoumi, Emad, Wynter, Timothy, Caudill, Antonina, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, O'Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Miller, Chadwick, Gibbs, Keven W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sara N., Mayer, Kirby P., Bissel, Brittany, Bledsoe, Joseph, Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Applegate, Darrin, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Serezlic, Erna, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Aston, Valerie T., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Rivasplata, Heather, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Lucas, Claudia Sanchez, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Scott, James, Wyles, David, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Kamis, Kevin, Robinson, Caitlin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Ramesh, Mayur, Brar, Indira, Rivers, Emanuel, Kumar, Princy, Menna, Maximiliano, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Delp, Alex, Pandit, Lavannya, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Want, Yiqun, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani, Raben, Dorthe, Jensen, Tomas O., Aagaard, Bitten, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Krapp, Katharina, Nykjær, Bente Rosdahl, Kanne, Katja Lisa, Grevsen, Anne Louise, Joensen, Zillah Maria, Bruun, Tina, Bojesen, Ane, Woldbye, Frederik, Normand, Nick E., Esmann, Frederik V.L., Clausen, Clara Lundetoft, Hovmand, Nichlas, Pedersen, Karen Brorup, Thorlacius-Ussing, Louise, Tinggaard, Michaela, Høgsberg, Dorthe S., Rastoder, Ema, Kamstrup, Thobias, Bergsøe, Christina Marisa, Østergaard, Lars, Stærke, Nina Breinholt, Johansen, Isik S., Knudtzen, Fredrikke C., Larsen, Lykke, Hertz, Mathias A., Fabricius, Thilde, Helleberg, Marie, Gerstoft, Jan, Jensen, Tomas Østergaard, Lindegaard, Birgitte, Pedersen, Thomas Ingemann, Røge, Birgit Thorup, Løfberg, Sandra Valborg, Hansen, Thomas Michael, Nielsen, Ariella Denize, von Huth, Sebastian Leicht, Nielsen, Henrik, Thisted, Rikke Krog, Podlekareva, Daria, Johnsen, Stine, Andreassen, Helle Frost, Pedersen, Lars, Lindnér, Cecilia Ebba Clara Ellinor, Wiese, Lothar, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Nytofte, Nikolaj Julian Skrøder, Havmøller, Signe Ravn, Paredes, Roger, Exposito, Maria, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Muñoz, José, Arribas, Jose R., Estrada, Vicente, Horcajada, Juan P., Burgos, Joaquin, Morales-Rull, Jose Luis, Braun, Dominique L., West, Emily, M'Rabeth-Bensalah, Khadija, Eichinger, Mareile L., Grüttner-Durmaz, Manuela, Grube, Christina, Zink, Veronika, Horban, Andrzej, Bednarska, Agnieszka, Jurek, Natalia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Malinm, Jakob J., Matthews, Gail, Kelleher, Anthony, Cabrera, Gesalit, Carey, Catherine, Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Zhong, Amy, Young, Barnaby E., Chia, Po Ying, Lee, Tau Hong, Lin, Ray J., Lye, David, Ong, Sean, Puah, Ser Hon, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Diong, Shiau Hui, Ongko, Juwinda, Hudson, Fleur, Parmar, Mahesh KB, Goodman, Anna, Badrock, Jonathan, Gregory, Adam, Harris, Nicola, Touloumi, Giota, Pantaz, Nikos, Gioukari, Vicky, Lutaakome, Joseph, Kityo, Cissy M., Mugerwa, Henry, Kiweewa, Francis, Osinusi, Anu, Tipple, Craig, Willis, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Adams, Amy, Albert, Sara, Balde, Abby, Baracz, Michelle, Baseler, Beth, Becker, Nancy, Bielica, Mona, Billouin-Frazier, Shere, Cash, Jennifer, Choudhary, Jay, Dolney, Suzanne, Dixon, Mary, Eyler, Carolyn, Frye, Leanna, Galcik, Michael, Gertz, Jensen, Giebeig, Lisa, Gulati, Neelam, Hankinson, Liz, Hissey, Debbie, Hogarty, Debi, Hohn, Matt, Holley, H Preston, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Huber, Lynda, Jankelevich, Shirley, Krauss, Gary, Lake, Eileen, Linton, Jessica, MacDonald, Leah, Manandhar, Meryan, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Oluremi, Charles, Proffitt, Calvin, Rudzinski, Erin, Sandrus, Jen, Schaffhauser, Marylu, Schechner, Adam, Suders, Connie, Gerry, Norman P., Smith, Kenneth, Solomon, Courtney, Kubernac, Amanda, Rashid, Marium, Patel, Bhakti, Kubernac, Robert, Murphy, Joseph, Hoover, Marie L., Brown, Craig, DuChateau, Nadine, Flosi, Adam, Johnson, Les, Treagus, Amy, and Wenner, Christine

Published
2022
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23. T32 programs in emergency medicine: A report from the ACEP‐SAEM Federal Research Funding Workgroup.

Author

Maher, Patrick J., Rothman, Richard, Neumar, Robert, Brown, Jeremy, Sharp, Willard, Cairns, Charles, Kelen, Gabor D., Kaji, Amy, Vogel, Jody A., and Richardson, Lynne D.

Subjects
CURRICULUM, SCHOLARSHIPS, EXECUTIVES, OCCUPATIONAL roles, CLINICAL medicine research, LEADERSHIP, EMERGENCY medicine, TEACHING methods, COLLEGE teachers, ENDOWMENT of research, VOCATIONAL guidance, COMMITTEES
Abstract

Advancing care in Emergency Medicine (EM) requires the development of well‐trained researchers, but our specialty has lower amounts of research funding compared to similar medical fields. Increasing the number of pathways available for research training supports the growth of new investigators. To address the need for more EM researchers, the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine and the American College of Emergency Physicians convened a Federal Research Funding Workgroup. Here, we report the workgroup recommendations regarding the creation of Research Training Fellowships using the T32 grant structure sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. After reviewing the history of NIH‐grant supported research fellowships in EM, we outline the rationale and describe the core components of T32‐supported research fellowships, including program design, fellow evaluation, and recruitment considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Among Emergency Health Care Personnel: Impact on Delivery of United States Emergency Medical Care, 2020

Author

Weber, Kurt D., primary, Mower, William, additional, Krishnadasan, Anusha, additional, Mohr, Nicholas M., additional, Montoy, Juan Carlos, additional, Rodriguez, Robert M., additional, Giordano, Philip A., additional, Eyck, Patrick Ten, additional, Harland, Karisa K., additional, Wallace, Kelli, additional, McDonald, Lawrence Clifford, additional, Kutty, Preeta K., additional, Hesse, Elisabeth M., additional, Talan, David A., additional, Bahamon, Monica, additional, Carlson, Jestin N., additional, Chisolm-Straker, Makini, additional, Driver, Brian, additional, Faine, Brett, additional, Fuller, Brian M., additional, Galbraith, James, additional, Haran, John P., additional, Higgins, Amanda, additional, Hinson, Jeremiah, additional, House, Stacey, additional, Idris, Ahamed H., additional, Kean, Efrat, additional, Krebs, Elizabeth, additional, Kurz, Michael C., additional, Lee, Lilly, additional, Liang, Stephen Y., additional, Lim, Stephen C., additional, Moran, Gregory, additional, Nandi, Utsav, additional, Pathmarajah, Kavitha, additional, Paxton, James H., additional, Perez, Yesenia, additional, Richardson, Lynne D., additional, Rothman, Richard, additional, Schrading, Walter A., additional, Shuck, Jessica, additional, Slev, Patricia, additional, Smithline, Howard A., additional, Romain, Michelle St., additional, Souffront, Kimberly, additional, Steele, Mark T., additional, Stubbs, Amy, additional, Swanson, Morgan B., additional, Tiao, Josh, additional, Torres, Jesus R., additional, Trent, Stacy A., additional, Uribe, Lisandra, additional, Venkat, Arvind, additional, Volturo, Gregory, additional, and Willey, James, additional

Published
2024
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29. GUÍA: a digital platform to facilitate result disclosure in genetic counseling

Author

Suckiel, Sabrina A., Odgis, Jaqueline A., Gallagher, Katie M., Rodriguez, Jessica E., Watnick, Dana, Bertier, Gabrielle, Sebastin, Monisha, Yelton, Nicole, Maria, Estefany, Lopez, Jessenia, Ramos, Michelle, Kelly, Nicole, Teitelman, Nehama, Beren, Faygel, Kaszemacher, Tom, Davis, Kojo, Laguerre, Irma, Richardson, Lynne D., Diaz, George A., Pearson, Nathaniel M., Ellis, Stephen B., Stolte, Christian, Robinson, Mimsie, Kovatch, Patricia, Horowitz, Carol R., Gelb, Bruce D., Greally, John M., Bauman, Laurie J., Zinberg, Randi E., Abul-Husn, Noura S., Wasserstein, Melissa P., and Kenny, Eimear E.

Published
2021
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32. The Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Unplanned Emergency Department Revisit Within 72 Hours

Author

Ngai, Ka Ming, Grudzen, Corita R, Lee, Roy, Tong, Vicky Y, Richardson, Lynne D, and Fernandez, Alicia

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Emergency Care, Health Services, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Quality Education, Adult, Communication Barriers, Comorbidity, Emergency Service, Hospital, Ethnicity, Female, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Patient Admission, Patient Readmission, Quality of Health Care, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Study objectiveLanguage barriers are known to negatively affect many health outcomes among limited English proficiency patient populations, but little is known about the quality of care such patients receive in the emergency department (ED). This study seeks to determine whether limited English proficiency patients experience different quality of care than English-speaking patients in the ED, using unplanned revisit within 72 hours as a surrogate quality indicator.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in an urban adult ED in 2012, with a total of 41,772 patients and 56,821 ED visits. We compared 2,943 limited English proficiency patients with 38,829 English-speaking patients presenting to the ED after excluding patients with psychiatric complaints, altered mental status, and nonverbal states, and those with more than 4 ED visits in 12 months. Two main outcomes-the risk of inpatient admission from the ED and risk of unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours-were measured with odds ratios from generalized estimating equation multivariate models.ResultsLimited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to be admitted (32.0% versus 27.2%; odds ratio [OR]=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.30). This association became nonsignificant after adjustments (OR=1.04; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.15). Included in the analysis of ED revisit within 72 hours were 32,857 patients with 45,546 ED visits; 4.2% of all patients (n=1,380) had at least 1 unplanned revisit. Limited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to have an unplanned revisit (5.0% versus 4.1%; OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45). This association persisted (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.53) after adjustment for potential confounders, including insurance status.ConclusionWe found no difference in hospital admission rates between limited English proficiency patients and English-speaking patients. Yet limited English proficiency patients were 24% more likely to have an unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours, with an absolute difference of 0.9%, suggesting challenges in ED quality of care.

Published
2016

33. Perceived Appropriateness of Shared Decision‐making in the Emergency Department: A Survey Study

Author

Probst, Marc A, Kanzaria, Hemal K, Frosch, Dominick L, Hess, Erik P, Winkel, Gary, Ngai, Ka Ming, and Richardson, Lynne D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Emergency Care, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, 7.3 Management and decision making, Management of diseases and conditions, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cross-Sectional Studies, Decision Making, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Emergency Medicine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Perception, Physicians, Surveys and Questionnaires, Public Health and Health Services, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesThe objective was to describe perceptions of practicing emergency physicians (EPs) regarding the appropriateness and medicolegal implications of using shared decision-making (SDM) in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of EPs at a large, national professional meeting to assess perceived appropriateness of SDM for different categories of ED management (e.g., diagnostic testing, treatment, disposition) and in common clinical scenarios (e.g., low-risk chest pain, syncope, minor head injury). A 21-item survey instrument was iteratively developed through review by content experts, cognitive testing, and pilot testing. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsWe approached 737 EPs; 709 (96%) completed the survey. Two-thirds (67.8%) of respondents were male; 51% practiced in an academic setting and 44% in the community. Of the seven management decision categories presented, SDM was reported to be most frequently appropriate for deciding on invasive procedures (71.5%), computed tomography (CT) scanning (56.7%), and post-ED disposition (56.3%). Among the specific clinical scenarios, use of thrombolytics for acute ischemic stroke was felt to be most frequently appropriate for SDM (83.4%), followed by lumbar puncture to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage (73.8%) and CT head for pediatric minor head injury (69.9%). Most EPs (66.8%) felt that using and documenting SDM would decrease their medicolegal risk while a minority (14.2%) felt that it would increase their risk.ConclusionsAcceptance of SDM among EPs appears to be strong across management categories (diagnostic testing, treatment, and disposition) and in a variety of clinical scenarios. SDM is perceived by most EPs to be medicolegally protective.

Published
2016

34. National trends in resource utilization associated with ED visits for syncope

Author

Probst, Marc A, Kanzaria, Hemal K, Gbedemah, Misato, Richardson, Lynne D, and Sun, Benjamin C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Research, Emergency Care, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Databases, Factual, Dehydration, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Syncope, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, United States, Young Adult, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundOver the last 20 years, numerous research articles and clinical guidelines aimed at optimizing resource utilization for emergency department (ED) patients presenting with syncope have been published.HypothesisWe hypothesized that there would be temporal trends in syncope-related ED visits and associated trends in imaging, hospital admissions, and diagnostic frequencies.MethodsThe ED component of National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was analyzed from 2001 through 2010, comprising more than 358000 visits (representing an estimated 1.18 billion visits nationally). We selected ED visits with a reason for visit of syncope or fainting and calculated nationally representative weighted estimates for prevalence of such visits and associated rates of advanced imaging utilization and admission. For admitted patients from 2005 to 2010, the most frequent hospital discharge diagnoses were tabulated.ResultsDuring the study period, there were more than 3500 actual ED visits (representing 11.9 million visits nationally) related to syncope, representing roughly 1% of all ED visits. Admission rates for syncope patients ranged from 27% to 35% and showed no significant downward trend (P = .1). Advanced imaging rates increased from about 21% to 45% and showed a significant upward trend (P < .001). For admitted patients, the most common hospital discharge diagnosis was the symptomatic diagnosis of "syncope and collapse" (36.4%).ConclusionsDespite substantial efforts by medical researchers and professional societies, resource utilization associated with ED visits for syncope appears to have actually increased. There have been no apparent improvements in diagnostic yield for admissions. Novel strategies may be needed to change practice patterns for such patients.

Published
2015

35. An AI-Guided Data Centric Strategy to Detect and Mitigate Biases in Healthcare Datasets

Author

Gulamali, Faris F., primary, Sawant, Ashwin S., additional, Liharska, Lora, additional, Horowitz, Carol R., additional, Chan, Lili, additional, Kovatch, Patricia H., additional, Hofer, Ira, additional, Singh, Karandeep, additional, Richardson, Lynne D., additional, Mensah, Emmanuel, additional, Charney, Alexander W, additional, Reich, David L., additional, Hu, Jianying, additional, and Nadkarni, Girish N., additional

Published
2023
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