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11. Why Is Mountain Fynbos Invasible and Which Species Invade?

Author

Richardson, D. M., Cowling, R. M., Billings, W. D., editor, Golley, F., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Olson, J. S., editor, Remmert, H., editor, van Wilgen, Brian W., editor, Richardson, David M., editor, Kruger, Frederick J., editor, and van Hensbergen, Hubertus J., editor

Published
1992
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15. The Climate of Swartboskloof

Author

Versfeld, D. B., Richardson, D. M., van Wilgen, B. W., Chapman, R. A., Forsyth, G. G., Billings, W. D., editor, Golley, F., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Olson, J. S., editor, Remmert, H., editor, van Wilgen, Brian W., editor, Richardson, David M., editor, Kruger, Frederick J., editor, and van Hensbergen, Hubertus J., editor

Published
1992
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25. Introduction

Author

Lavorel, Sandra and Richardson, D. M.

Published
1999

29. A four‐component classification of uncertainties in biological invasions: implications for management

Author

Latombe, G., primary, Canavan, S., additional, Hirsch, H., additional, Hui, C., additional, Kumschick, S., additional, Nsikani, M. M., additional, Potgieter, L. J., additional, Robinson, T. B., additional, Saul, W.‐C., additional, Turner, S. C., additional, Wilson, J. R. U., additional, Yannelli, F. A., additional, and Richardson, D. M., additional

Published
2019
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30. The Climate of Swartboskloof

Author

Versfeld, D. B., primary, Richardson, D. M., additional, van Wilgen, B. W., additional, Chapman, R. A., additional, and Forsyth, G. G., additional

Published
1992
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37. Public Health Dispute

Author

Kerr, S. P. J., Chico, A., Thomas, J. L., Pande, B. R., Eustace, M. M., McKeith, M. H., Boon, A. R., Carruthers, A., Carpenter, C., Turpin, J. A., Gilbertson, E. P., Haigh, S., and Richardson, D. M.

Published
1967

40. Fungal planet description sheets: 400–468

Author

Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Richardson, D. M., Le Roux, J. J., Strasberg, D., Edwards, J., Roets, F., Hubka, V., Taylor, P. W.J., Heykoop, M., Martín, M. P., Moreno, G., Sutton, D. A., Wiederhold, N. P., Barnes, C. W., Carlavilla, J. R., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Guarnaccia, V., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Kolařík, M., Manjón, J. L., Pascoe, I. G., Popov, E. S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Woudenberg, J. H.C., Acharya, K., Alexandrova, A. V., Alvarado, P., Barbosa, R. N., Baseia, I. G., Blanchette, R. A., Boekhout, T., Burgess, T. I., Cano-Lira, J. F., Čmoková, A., Dimitrov, R. A., Dyakov, M. Yu, Dueñas, M., Dutta, A. K., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fedosova, A. G., Fournier, J., Gamboa, P., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Silva, G. A., Smith, M. Th, Groenewald, J. Z., Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Richardson, D. M., Le Roux, J. J., Strasberg, D., Edwards, J., Roets, F., Hubka, V., Taylor, P. W.J., Heykoop, M., Martín, M. P., Moreno, G., Sutton, D. A., Wiederhold, N. P., Barnes, C. W., Carlavilla, J. R., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Guarnaccia, V., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Kolařík, M., Manjón, J. L., Pascoe, I. G., Popov, E. S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Woudenberg, J. H.C., Acharya, K., Alexandrova, A. V., Alvarado, P., Barbosa, R. N., Baseia, I. G., Blanchette, R. A., Boekhout, T., Burgess, T. I., Cano-Lira, J. F., Čmoková, A., Dimitrov, R. A., Dyakov, M. Yu, Dueñas, M., Dutta, A. K., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fedosova, A. G., Fournier, J., Gamboa, P., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Silva, G. A., Smith, M. Th, and Groenewald, J. Z.

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Vermiculariopsiella eucalypti, Mulderomyces natalis (incl. Mulderomyces gen. nov.), Fusicladium paraamoenum, Neotrimmatostroma paraexcentricum, and Pseudophloeospora eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus spp., Anungitea grevilleae (on leaves of Grevillea sp.), Pyrenochaeta acaciae (on leaves of Acacia sp.), and Brunneocarpos banksiae (incl. Brunneocarpos gen. nov.) on cones of Banksia attenuata. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Neosulcatispora strelitziae (on Strelitzia nicolai), Colletotrichum ledebouriae (on Ledebouria floridunda), Cylindrosympodioides brabejum (incl. Cylindrosympodioides gen. nov.) on Brabejum stellatifolium, Sclerostagonospora ericae (on Erica sp.), Setophoma cyperi (on Cyperus sphaerocephala), and Phaeosphaeria breonadiae (on Breonadia microcephala). Novelties described from Robben Island (South Africa) include Wojnowiciella cissampeli and Diaporthe cissampeli (both on Cissampelos capensis), Phaeotheca salicorniae (on Salicornia meyeriana), Paracylindrocarpon aloicola (incl. Paracylindrocarpon gen. nov.) on Aloe sp., and Libertasomyces myopori (incl. Libertasomyces gen. nov.) on Myoporum serratum. Several novelties are recorded from La Réunion (France), namely Phaeosphaeriopsis agapanthi (on Agapanthus sp.), Roussoella solani (on Solanum mauritianum), Vermiculariopsiella acaciae (on Acacia heterophylla), Dothiorella acacicola (on Acacia mearnsii), Chalara clidemiae (on Clidemia hirta), Cytospora tibouchinae (on Tibouchina semidecandra), Diaporthe ocoteae (on Ocotea obtusata), Castanediella eucalypticola, Phaeophleospora eucalypticola and Fusicladium eucalypticola (on Eucalyptus robusta), Lareunionomyces syzygii (incl. Lareunionomyces gen. nov.) and Parawiesneriomyces syzygii (incl. Parawiesneriomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium jambos. Novel taxa from the USA include Meristemomyces arctostaphylos (on Arctostaphylos patula), Ochroco

Published
2016

41. Fungal Planet description sheets: 371 - 399

Author

Crous, P W, Wingfield, M J, Le Roux, J J, Richardson, D M, Strasberg, D, Shivas, R G, Alvarado, P, Edwards, J, Moreno, G, Sharma, R, Sonawane, M S, Tan, Y P, Altes, A, Barasubiye, T, Barnes, C W, Blanchette, R A, Boertmann, D, Bogo, A, Carlavilla, J R, Cheewangkoon, R, Daniel, R, de Beer, Z W, de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, M, Duong, T A, Fernandez-Vicente, J, Geering, A D W, Guest, D I, Held, B W, Heykoop, M, Hubka, V, Ismail, A M, Kajale, S C, Khemmuk, W, Kolarik, M, Kurli, R, Lebeuf, R, Levesque, C A, Lombard, L, Magista, D, Manjon, J L, Marincowitz, S, Mohedano, J M, Novakova, A, Oberlies, N H, Otto, E C, Paguigan, N D, Pascoe, I G, Perez-Butron, J L, Perrone, G, Rahi, P, Raja, H A, Rintoul, T, Sanhueza, R M V, Scarlett, K, Shouche, Y S, Shuttleworth, L A, Taylor, P W J, Thorn, R G, Vawdrey, L L, Solano-Vidal, R, Voitk, A, Wong, P T W, Wood, A R, Zamora, J C, Groenewald, J Z, Crous, P W, Wingfield, M J, Le Roux, J J, Richardson, D M, Strasberg, D, Shivas, R G, Alvarado, P, Edwards, J, Moreno, G, Sharma, R, Sonawane, M S, Tan, Y P, Altes, A, Barasubiye, T, Barnes, C W, Blanchette, R A, Boertmann, D, Bogo, A, Carlavilla, J R, Cheewangkoon, R, Daniel, R, de Beer, Z W, de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, M, Duong, T A, Fernandez-Vicente, J, Geering, A D W, Guest, D I, Held, B W, Heykoop, M, Hubka, V, Ismail, A M, Kajale, S C, Khemmuk, W, Kolarik, M, Kurli, R, Lebeuf, R, Levesque, C A, Lombard, L, Magista, D, Manjon, J L, Marincowitz, S, Mohedano, J M, Novakova, A, Oberlies, N H, Otto, E C, Paguigan, N D, Pascoe, I G, Perez-Butron, J L, Perrone, G, Rahi, P, Raja, H A, Rintoul, T, Sanhueza, R M V, Scarlett, K, Shouche, Y S, Shuttleworth, L A, Taylor, P W J, Thorn, R G, Vawdrey, L L, Solano-Vidal, R, Voitk, A, Wong, P T W, Wood, A R, Zamora, J C, and Groenewald, J Z

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Neoseptorioides eucalypti gen. and sp. nov. from Eucalyptus radiata leaves, Phytophthora gondwanensis from soil, Diaporthe tulliensis from rotted stem ends of Theobroma cacao fruit, Diaporthe vawdreyi from fruit rot of Psidium guajava, Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera and Semifissispora natalis from Eucalyptus leaf litter. Furthermore, Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is described from Mangifera indica leaves (Egypt), Roussoella mexicana from Coffea arabica leaves (Mexico), Calonectria monticola from soil (Thailand), Hygrocybe jackmanii from littoral sand dunes (Canada), Lindgomyces madisonensis from submerged decorticated wood (USA), Neofabraea brasiliensis from Malus domestica (Brazil), Geastrum diosiae from litter (Argentina), Ganoderma wiiroense on angiosperms (Ghana), Arthrinium gutiae from the gut of a grasshopper (India), Pyrenochaeta telephoni from the screen of a mobile phone (India) and Xenoleptographium phialoconidium gen. and sp. nov. on exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea (Indonesia). Several novelties are introduced from Spain, namely Psathyrella complutensis on loamy soil, Chlorophyllum lusitanicum on nitrified grasslands (incl. Chlorophyllum arizonicum comb. nov.), Aspergillus citocrescens from cave sediment and Lotinia verna gen. and sp. nov. from muddy soil. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Phyllosticta carissicola from Carissa macrocarpa, Pseudopyricularia hagahagae from Cyperaceae and Zeloasperisporium searsiae from Searsia chirindensis. Furthermore, Neophaeococcomyces is introduced as a novel genus, with two new combinations, N. aloes and N. catenatus. Several foliicolous novelties are recorded from La Réunion, France, namely Ochroconis pandanicola from Pandanus utilis, Neosulcatispora agaves gen. and sp. nov. from Agave vera-cruz, Pilidium eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus robusta, Strelitziana syzygii from

Published
2015

42. Fungal Planet description sheets: 371-399

Author

Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Roux, J. J. Le, Richardson, D. M., Strasberg, D., Shivas, R. G., Alvarado, P., Edwards, J., Moreno, G., Sharma, R., Sonawane, M. S., Tan, Y. P., Altés, A., Barasubiye, T., Barnes, C. W., Blanchette, R. A., Boertmann, D., Bogo, A., Carlavilla, J. R., Cheewangkoon, R., Daniel, R., de Beer, Z. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. de Jesús, Duong, T. A., Fernández-Vicente, J., Geering, A. D. W., Guest, D. I., Held, B. W., Heykoop, M., Hubka, V., Ismail, A. M., Kajale, S. C., Khemmuk, W., Ik, M., Kurli, R., Lebeuf, R., Lévesque, C. A., Lombard, L., Magista, D., Manjón, J. L., Marincowitz, S., Mohedano, J. M., Nováková, A., Oberlies, N. H., Otto, E. C., Paguigan, N. D., Pascoe, I. G., Pérez-Butrón, J. L., Perrone, G., Rahi, P., Raja, H. A., Rintoul, T., Sanhueza, R. M. V., Scarlett, K., Shouche, Y. S., Shuttleworth, L. A., Taylor, P. W. J., Thorn, R. G., Vawdrey, L. L., Solano-Vidal, R., Voitk, A., Wong, P. T. W., Wood, A. R., Zamora, J. C., Groenewald, J. Z., Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Roux, J. J. Le, Richardson, D. M., Strasberg, D., Shivas, R. G., Alvarado, P., Edwards, J., Moreno, G., Sharma, R., Sonawane, M. S., Tan, Y. P., Altés, A., Barasubiye, T., Barnes, C. W., Blanchette, R. A., Boertmann, D., Bogo, A., Carlavilla, J. R., Cheewangkoon, R., Daniel, R., de Beer, Z. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. de Jesús, Duong, T. A., Fernández-Vicente, J., Geering, A. D. W., Guest, D. I., Held, B. W., Heykoop, M., Hubka, V., Ismail, A. M., Kajale, S. C., Khemmuk, W., Ik, M., Kurli, R., Lebeuf, R., Lévesque, C. A., Lombard, L., Magista, D., Manjón, J. L., Marincowitz, S., Mohedano, J. M., Nováková, A., Oberlies, N. H., Otto, E. C., Paguigan, N. D., Pascoe, I. G., Pérez-Butrón, J. L., Perrone, G., Rahi, P., Raja, H. A., Rintoul, T., Sanhueza, R. M. V., Scarlett, K., Shouche, Y. S., Shuttleworth, L. A., Taylor, P. W. J., Thorn, R. G., Vawdrey, L. L., Solano-Vidal, R., Voitk, A., Wong, P. T. W., Wood, A. R., Zamora, J. C., and Groenewald, J. Z.

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Neoseptorioides eucalypti gen. & sp. nov. from Eucalyptus radiata leaves, Phytophthora gondwanensis from soil, Diaporthe tulliensis from rotted stem ends of Theobroma cacao fruit, Diaporthe vawdreyi from fruit rot of Psidium guajava, Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera and Semifissispora natalis from Eucalyptus leaf litter. Furthermore, Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is described from Mangifera indica leaves (Egypt), Roussoella mexicana from Coffea arabica leaves (Mexico), Calonectria monticola from soil (Thailand), Hygrocybe jackmanii from littoral sand dunes (Canada), Lindgomyces madisonensis from submerged decorticated wood (USA), Neofabraea brasiliensis from Malus domestica (Brazil), Geastrum diosiae from litter (Argentina), Ganoderma wiiroense on angiosperms (Ghana), Arthrinium gutiae from the gut of a grasshopper (India), Pyrenochaeta telephoni from the screen of a mobile phone (India) and Xenoleptographium phialoconidium gen. & sp. nov. on exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea (Indonesia). Several novelties are introduced from Spain, namely Psathyrella complutensis on loamy soil, Chlorophyllum lusitanicum on nitrified grasslands (incl. Chlorophyllum arizonicum comb. nov.), Aspergillus citocrescens from cave sediment and Lotinia verna gen. & sp. nov. from muddy soil. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Phyllosticta carissicola from Carissa macrocarpa, Pseudopyricularia hagahagae from Cyperaceae and Zeloasperisporium searsiae from Searsia chirindensis. Furthermore, Neophaeococcomyces is introduced as a novel genus, with two new combinations, N. aloes and N. catenatus. Several foliicolous novelties are recorded from La Réunion, France, namely Ochroconis pandanicola from Pandanus utilis, Neosulcatispora agaves gen. & sp. nov. from Agave vera-cruz, Pilidium eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus robusta, Strelitziana syzygii from Syzygiu

Published
2015

45. Superiority in competition for light: A crucial attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in South African savanna

Author

Iponga, D. M., Milton, S. J., and Richardson, D. M.

Abstract

Invasion of ecosystems by woody alien plant species is a widespread phenomenon. Interspecific competition has often been suggested as a mechanism for replacement of one species by another, but this is rarely tested. We investigated the potential of an invasive alien tree to transform vegetation by quantifying the relative abilities of the alien tree Schinus molle and dominant native trees Acacia tortilis and Rhus lancea to compete for light when growing in association within a South African semi-arid savanna. Due to dispersal of its fruits by birds, seedlings of S. molle establish under tree canopies. Using canopy symmetry as an index of ability to compete for light, we found that the alien S. molle consistently out-competes the dominant native tree species. The results also show that pod production of A. tortilis was higher when it grew alone compared to when it grew with S. molle or R. lancea. The percentage of dead branches was higher on A. tortilis trees growing in association with the S. molle. The outcome is that the alien tree will gradually increase in abundance, changing woodland structure and ecosystem processes. Our findings provide evidence for the role of competition in the process of alien plant invasions. We suggest that S. molle, previously considered a benign naturalized species in South Africa, should be declared a noxious weed in some parts of that country

Published
2008

46. Niche-based modelling as a tool for predicting the global risk of alien plant invasions

Author

Thuiller, W., Richardson, D. M., Pysek, P., Midgley, G. F., Hughes, G. O., Rouget, M., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Climate Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Ecology, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Center for Applied Biodiversity Conservation, and Conservation International

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, invasive alien species, biological invasions, plant invasions, bioclimatic modelling, risk assessment, prediction, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, propagule pressure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, exotic species
Abstract

Predicting the probability of successful establishment of plant species by matching climatic variables has considerable potential for incorporation in early warning systems for the management of biological invasions. We select South Africa as a model source area of invasions worldwide because it is an important exporter of plant species to other parts of the world because of the huge international demand for indigenous flora from this biodiversity hotspot. We first mapped the five ecoregions that occur both in South Africa and other parts of the world, but the very coarse definition of the ecoregions led to unreliable results in terms of predicting invasible areas. We then determined the bioclimatic features of South Africa's major terrestrial biomes and projected the potential distribution of analogous areas throughout the world. This approach is much more powerful, but depends strongly on how particular biomes are defined in donor countries. Finally, we developed bioclimatic niche models for 96 plant taxa (species and subspecies) endemic to South Africa and invasive elsewhere, and projected these globally after successfully evaluating model projections specifically for three well-known invasive species (Carpobrotus edulis, Senecio glastifolius, Vellereophyton dealbatum) in different target areas. Cumulative probabilities of climatic suitability show that high-risk regions are spatially limited globally but that these closely match hotspots of plant biodiversity. These probabilities are significantly correlated with the number of recorded invasive species from South Africa in natural areas, emphasizing the pivotal role of climate in defining invasion potential. Accounting for potential transfer vectors (trade and tourism) significantly adds to the explanatory power of climate suitability as an index of invasibility. The close match that we found between the climatic component of the ecological habitat suitability and the current pattern of occurrence of South Africa alien species in other parts of the world is encouraging. If species' distribution data in the donor country are available, climatic niche modelling offers a powerful tool for efficient and unbiased first-step screening. Given that eradication of an established invasive species is extremely difficult and expensive, areas identified as potential new sites should be monitored and quarantine measures should be adopted.

Published
2005
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47. The effects of past management practices for invasive alien plant control on subsequent recovery of fynbos on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author

Parker-Allie, F, Richardson, D M, Holmes, P M, Department of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Science

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Integrated control aimed at reducing impacts of alien woody plant invasions on biodiversity is underway in many parts of the Cape Floristic Region. However, the kinds of control measures applied may themselves affect the recovery of the natural vegetation. In view of this, we investigated the effects of past management practices, viz: ‘bulldozing and aerial-spraying’, ‘aerialspraying’, ‘boom-spraying’ and ‘foliar-spraying’ aimed at clearing invasive alien woody plants on subsequent fynbos recovery in the Table Mountain National Park. Changes in soil (pH and depth) and vegetation (species cover, richness, diversity, evenness) properties, the total cover of species representing different dispersal guild, regenerative mode, and life form categories were compared between the differently treated and control plots at three different sites in the reserve. Only partial recovery of fynbos was observed in the ‘boom-sprayed’ and one of the ‘foliar-sprayed’ plots where measured species richness was significantly lower than that in control plots. However, marked changes in community structure were observed following ‘boom-spraying’ and ‘foliar-spraying’ at one site where a significant reduction in long-lived obligate reseeding species and an increase in the graminoid component was measured, though high fuel loads with possible post-fire erosion may also have aggravated the effects of foliar-spraying. Growth form structure changed the least following ‘aerial-spraying’ and ‘foliar-spraying’. Multivariate analysis of plant functional types indicated a greater similarity between the control plots than the differently treated plots, implying a treatment effect on subsequent fynbos recovery. However, past land use and residual effects of the alien woody invaders may also have contributed to the differential recovery in the treated plots. It is concluded that re-introduction of species in the under-represented guilds may speed up fynbos recovery. The recommendation is a comprehensive seed mix containing the major guilds, and an initial seed mix of fast-growing indigenous species to stabilise the soil.

Published
2004

50. Attenuated in vitro coronary arteriolar vasorelaxation to insulin-like growth factor I in experimental hypercholesterolemia

Author

Hasdai, D, Nielsen, M F, Rizza, R A, Holmes, D R, Richardson, D M, Cohen, P, and Lerman, A

Subjects
Potassium Channels, Endothelin-1, Swine, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Hypercholesterolemia, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S, Arteries, In Vitro Techniques, Nitric Oxide, Coronary Vessels, Vasodilation, Arterioles, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2, Reference Values, Vasoconstriction, Immunologic Techniques, Journal Article, Animals, Insulin, Endothelium, Vascular, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Pericardium
Published
1999

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