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Despite the advances made in monitoring and treatment of sepsis and septic shock, many septic patients ultimately develop multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and die, suggesting that other players are involved in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in sepsis and has a central role in MODS development. MODS severity and recovery of mitochondrial function have been associated with survival. In recent clinical and experimental investigations, mitochondrion-target therapy for sepsis and septic shock has been suggested to reduce MODS severity and mortality. This intervention, which might be named “metabolic resuscitation”, would lead to improved mitochondrial activity afforded by pharmacological and nutritional agents. Of particular interest in this therapeutic strategy is thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in cellular energy metabolism. Critical illness associated with hypermetabolic states may predispose susceptible individuals to the development of thiamine deficiency, which is not usually identified by clinicians as a source of lactic acidosis. The protective effects of thiamine on mitochondrial function may justify supplementation in septic patients at risk of deficiency. Perspectives of supplementation with other micronutrients (ascorbic acid, tocopherol, selenium and zinc) and potential metabolic resuscitators [coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), cytochrome oxidase (CytOx), L-carnitine, melatonin] to target sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction are also emerging. Metabolic resuscitation may probably be a safe and effective strategy in the treatment of septic shock in the future. However, until then, preliminary investigations should be replicated in further researches for confirmation. Better identification of groups of patients presumed to benefit clinically by a certain intervention directed to “mitochondrial resuscitation” are expected to increase driven by genomics and metabolomics.

Extensins (EXTs) are a family of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) that are implicated to play important roles in plant growth, development, and defense. Structurally, EXTs are characterized by the repeated occurrence of serine (Ser) followed by three to five prolines (Pro) residues, which are hydroxylated as hydroxyproline (Hyp) and glycosylated. Some EXTs have Tyrosine (Tyr)-X-Tyr (where X can be any amino acid) motifs that are responsible for intramolecular or intermolecular cross-linkings. EXTs can be divided into several classes: classical EXTs, short EXTs, leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs), proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs), formin-homolog EXTs (FH EXTs), chimeric EXTs, and long chimeric EXTs. To guide future research on the EXTs and understand evolutionary history of EXTs in the plant kingdom, a bioinformatics study was conducted to identify and classify EXTs from 16 fully sequenced plant genomes, including Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Volvox carteri, Klebsormidium flaccidum, Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorffii, Pinus taeda, Picea abies, Brachypodium distachyon, Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Brassica rapa, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum tuberosum, to supplement data previously obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus trichocarpa. A total of 758 EXTs were newly identified, including 87 classical EXTs, 97 short EXTs, 61 LRXs, 75 PERKs, 54 FH EXTs, 38 long chimeric EXTs, and 346 other chimeric EXTs. Several notable findings were made: (1) classical EXTs were likely derived after the terrestrialization of plants; (2) LRXs, PERKs, and FHs were derived earlier than classical EXTs; (3) monocots have few classical EXTs; (4) Eudicots have the greatest number of classical EXTs and Tyr-X-Tyr cross-linking motifs are predominantly in classical EXTs; (5) green algae have no classical EXTs but have a number of long chimeric EXTs that are absent in embryophytes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis was conducted of LRXs, PERKs and FH EXTs, which shed light on the evolution of three EXT classes.

Elderly trauma patients present unique challenges and face more significant obstacles to recovery than younger patients. Despite overall higher mortality, longer length of stay, increased resource use, and higher rates of discharge to rehabilitation, most elderly trauma patients return to independent or preinjury functional status. Critical to improving these outcomes is an understanding that although similar trauma principles apply to the elderly, these patients require more aggressive evaluation and resuscitation. This article reviews the recent developments in the literature regarding care of the elderly trauma patient.

Given the importance of image matching as a rationale for sponsorship investment, this paper examines the extent to which image matching occurs in U.S. intercollegiate athletics. Utilizing student-athlete education and athletic program ethics as image dimensions, while controlling for winning, the authors find that individual corporations tend to sponsor athletic programs that project very different images. The authors then prescribe an approach that prospective sponsors could use to determine appropriate image matches.

This article presents a review of the book “Work, Health, and Productivity,” by Gareth M. Green and Frank Baker.

Big Time College Athletics is a fascinating phenomenon, one that presents the organizational scholar with intriguing questions. On the one hand, as expressed in statements by university leaders, there is minimal congruence between BTCA and the mission of universities. On the other hand, BTCA continues to grow and, some might argue, thrive. Three panelists, Anju Seth, Jay Barney, and Tom Donaldson, each expert in different facets of governance, will address university governance as it relates to BTCA. Each panelist, along with our discussant, Mark Mizruchi, will address how insights found within BTCA are related to other organizational contexts. The seminal puzzles to be addressed in the symposium are to explain whether extant university governance has contributed to this "lack of congruence—yet thriving" paradox; how changes in governance might increase BTCA—university mission congruence; and, of greatest importance, what can be learned about governance by investigating BTCA.

The objective of this article is to indicate how international business (IB) research can benefit from using sport as a research context. We present the rationale for studying organizational phenom...

Big time college athletics (BTCA) is a fascinating phenomenon, one that presents the management scholar with intriguing questions. On the one hand, according to the words of university leaders, there is minimal congruence between BTCA and the core mission of universities. On the other hand, BTCA continues to grow and, some might argue, thrive. Consistent with the 2014 Academy of Management Meeting theme, the proposed symposium will investigate the Power of Words to resolve this “lack of congruence— yet thriving” paradox. More specifically, the central questions to be addressed in this symposium are: (1) why words haven’t had the power they might in addressing the lack of congruence between BTCA and the mission of universities?; and, more importantly, (2) how words can positively influence the congruence between BTCA and the mission of universities. Four panelists and two discussants will address these questions. Two panelists are experts concerning extant words describing BTCA challenges—one is a journali...

Big time college athletics (BTCA) is a fascinating phenomenon, one that presents the management scholar with intriguing questions. On the one hand, university leaders see minimal congruence between...

A sonar transmitter includes a source means for providing an actuation signal to drive an electromagnetic transducer projector without the use of bias magnetization. The invention utilizes an offset actuation frequency technique in which electrical driving signals are applied which have a frequency or frequencies other than the desired frequency of the acoustic signal projected into a liquid medium. In presently preferred embodiments, one or two driving signals may be utilized. If one driving signal is utilized, the acoustic signal will be at twice the driving signal frequency. If two driving signals are utilized, the acoustic signal will be at the sum or difference frequency of the driving signal frequency. The actuation signal is applied to coils of the transducer's electromagnets to produce an electromagnetic attractive force having a significant component at the desired frequency of the acoustic signal. The force component urges movement of the electromagnets, causing a radiating surface of the transducer to elastically flex, thereby producing the acoustic signal.

A heat-sensitive, trypsin-sensitive factor that promoted growth and spreading of cells in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium was partially purified from human serum. The major portion of the proteins in these preparations migrated upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a mobility consistent with molecular weights between 60,000 and 90,000. The spreading activity, which we have termed serum spreading factor, stimulated growth and spreading of a wide variety of cell types. The serum spreading factor was similar to fibronectin in that it showed an affinity for the plastic cell culture substrate but was shown to be distinct from fibronectin by several criteria. This factor may prove useful in studies of cell attachment and spreading and in studies of the relationship of cell shape and cell proliferation.

Comparisons on 19 demographic variables were made among 81 undergraduates who had made a suicide attempt, 81 “psychiatric” controls, and 81 “normal” controls, all matched for sex and academic status. In addition, a representative sample of 23 suicide attempters was compared with 23 matched “psychiatric” and 23 matched “normal” controls on four psychological and four psychotherapy expectancy scales. Results supported the hypotheses that the suicide attempters would show significantly more depression, somatic complaint, and social isolation than the “normal” students. Analyses failed to yield consistent differences between the suicide attempters and matched “psychiatric” controls. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed.

Although hyperglycemia is a better rec ognized feature of acute pancreatitis, hypo glycemia may and does occur at times. Cli nicians should be aware of this possibility.These authors add three cases to the lit erature. Two patients died with acute hem orrhagic pancreatitis; the third is alive after an attack associated with mumps.