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The current study investigated the effects of balancing elder care and work on emotional health. Responses from 43 retired caregivers, 211 not retired caregivers, 49 retired non-caregivers, and 224 not retired non-caregivers, who had participated in the national Health and Retirement Study, served as the data base. Results indicate that Caregiver Status (Caregiver vs. Non-caregiver) and Retirement Status (Retired vs. Not Retired) interact, depending on the measure of emotional health. The relationship between the number of depression symptoms reported and Caregiver Status depended on whether the respondent was also retired or employed; a significant interaction was not found when emotional health was measured with one overall item. A significant difference was not found between employed caregivers and employed non-caregivers, in terms of emotional health. Employed caregivers who gave more caregiving hours did report poorer emotional health than employed caregivers who gave fewer hours. Female caregivers reported more depression symptoms than male caregivers. The results suggest that employers may need to develop interventions which may help caregivers who are highly involved with caregiving responsibilities.

We examine why exactly it is that a message cannot be sent into the past and received there using quantum physics, yet certain anomalous correlations can make it appear just that way. To accomplish this, we must first explore more deeply the usual concepts of superposition, entanglement, measurement, locality, and causality. From these reinterpreted concepts, and through analyses of the usual forward EPR experimental arrangement and a time‐symmetrical backward version, we can better understand the fundamental inadequacy of the idea of “causality” (both forward and backward). We also discuss possible explanations for apparent retrocausal anomalies such as those of the recent experiments by psychologist Daryl Bem.

The principle of cause and effect is deeply rooted in human experience, so much so that it is routinely and tacitly assumed throughout science, even by scientists working in areas where time symmetry is theoretically ingrained, as it is in both classical and quantum physics. Experiments are said to cause their results, not the other way around. In this informal paper, we argue that this assumption should be replaced with a more general notion of mutual influence — bi‐directional relations or constraints on joint values of two or more variables. From an analysis based on quantum entropy, it is proposed that quantum measurement is a unitary three‐interaction, with no collapse, no fundamental randomness, and no barrier to backward influence.Experimental results suggesting retrocausality are seen frequently in well‐controlled laboratory experiments in parapsychology and elsewhere, especially where a random element is included. Certain common characteristics of these experiments give the appearance of contradi...