Author: "Richard Lilford" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Richard Lilford"' showing total 165 results

Start Over Author "Richard Lilford"

165 results on '"Richard Lilford"'

1. Effect of cancer waiting time standards in the English National Health Service: a threshold analysis

Author: Laura Quinn, Paul Bird, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Waiting time standards, Cancer care, Threshold analysis, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background The English National Health Service has multiple waiting time standards relating to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Targets can have unintended effects, such as prioritisation based on targets instead of clinical need. In this case, a `threshold effect’ will appear as a spike in hospitals just meeting the target. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of publicly available cancer waiting time data, including a 2-week wait for a specialist appointment, a 31-day decision to first treatment and a 62-day referral to treatment standard that attracted a financial penalty. We examined the performance of hospital trusts against these targets by financial year to look for threshold effects, using Cattaneo et al. manipulation density test. Results Trust performance against cancer waiting targets declined over time, and this trend accelerated since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. Statistical evidence of a threshold effect for the 2-week and 31-day standard was only present in a few years. However, there was strong statistical evidence of a threshold effect for the 62-day standard across all financial years (p
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Development and validation of home-based psychosocial self-management interventions in schizophrenia and related disorders in low-resource settings: A mixed methods approach

Author: Rakesh K. Chadda, Mamta Sood, Nishtha Chawla, Ananya Mahapatra, Rekha Patel, MohaPradeep Mohan, Srividya N. Iyer, Padmavati Ramachandran, Thara Rangaswamy, Jai Shah, Jason Madan, Max Birchwood, Caroline Meyer, Richard Lilford, Vivek Furtado, Currie Graeme, and Swaran P. Singh
Subjects: booklets, caregivers, home-based care, india, psychosocial intervention, schizophrenia, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Background: Psychosocial interventions, crucial for recovery in patients with schizophrenia, have often been developed and tested in high income countries. We aimed at developing and validating home-based a booklet based psycho-social intervention with inputs from stakeholders: patients, families, and mental health professionals (MHP) for patients with schizophrenia and related disorders in low resource settings. Methods: We developed a preliminary version of psychosocial intervention booklets based on six themes derived from focus group discussions conducted with patients, families, and MHP. Initially, quantitative assessment of content validity was done by MHP on overall and Content Validity Index of individual items of the specific booklets, followed by in-depth interviews about their views. The booklets were modified based on their inputs. Further, pilot testing of manuals was done on the users - nine pairs of patients and caregivers followed by development of a final version of psycho-social intervention. Results: The percentage content validity of individual modules and overall booklets was ≥78.5% indicating good validity. Most MHP reported that the manuals were relevant and easy to use but were text-heavy, and lengthy. On pilot testing of modified manuals with patients and their family caregivers, majority (77.8%) of them found booklets useful and suggested that there should be separate booklets for both patients and caregivers for providing information and entering separate response for the activities, integrating helpful tips. Language should be simple. Finally, two sets of booklets (“info book” and “workbook”) named ‘Saksham’ (meaning empowered) were created with specific modules (viz., ‘Medicine adherence’, ‘Daily routine’, ‘Eating right’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Physical health monitoring’, ‘Self-reliance’, and ‘Psychoeducation’) for patients and caregivers each, in two languages (Hindi and English). Conclusion: Booklets with modules for psychosocial interventions for patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were developed after establishing content validity and pilot testing.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. A randomised Trial of Autologous Blood products, leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), to promote ulcer healing in LEprosy: The TABLE trial.

Author: Indra B Napit, Dilip Shrestha, Sopna Choudhury, Eleni Gkini, Onaedo Ilozumba, Paramjit Gill, Jon Bishop, Karuna Neupane, Anju Adhikari, Jo Sartori, Samuel I Watson, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: IntroductionAutologous blood products like Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Leukocyte and Platelets Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) have been used for many years across many types of skin ulcers. However, the effectiveness of autologous blood products on wound healing is not well established.MethodsWe evaluated the 'second generation' autologous product- Leukocyte and Platelet- Rich Fibrin (L-PRF). Our trial was undertaken on patients suffering from neuropathic leprosy ulcers at the Anandaban hospital which serves the entire country of Nepal. We conducted a 1:1 (n = 130) individually randomised trial of L-PRF (intervention) vs. normal saline dressing (control) to compare rate of healing and time to complete healing. Rate of healing was estimated using blind assessments of ulcer areas based on three different measurement methods. Time to complete healing was measured by the local unblinded clinicians and by blind assessment of ulcer images.ResultsThe point estimates for both outcomes were favourable to L-PRF but the effect sizes were small. Unadjusted mean differences (intervention vs control) in mean daily healing rates (cm2) were respectively 0.012 (95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.023, p = 0.027); 0.016 (0.004 to 0.027, p = 0.008) and 0.005 (-0.005 to 0.016, p = 0.313) across the three measurement methods. Time to complete healing at 42 days yielded Hazard Ratios (unadjusted) of 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1, p = 0.300) assessed by unblinded local clinicians and 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0, p = 0.462) on blind assessment.ConclusionAny benefit from L-PRF appears insufficient to justify routine use in care of neuropathic ulcers in leprosy.Trial registrationISRCTN14933421. Date of trial registration: 16 June 2020.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Bad research is not all bad

Author: Fergus Hamilton, David Arnold, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Trials, Evidence, Policy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract In this commentary, we discuss a recent article in Trials that raised concerns about the number of poorly performed randomised trials in the medical literature and discuss the trials literature more widely. Although we all aim for higher methodological standards in trials, we argue that (i) the idea that ‘most randomised trials are bad’, which the recent article concludes is an overly simplistic representation of the situation, and (ii) the suggestion that an increased focus on methodological review during trial development (e.g. ethical boards performing some assessment of the methodologists on a trial), while well meaning, may have negative unintended consequences. We therefore propose that (a) trials should be assessed on their merits and weaknesses, including an assessment of risk of bias but placing that in a wider context; (b) we should recognise that although the methodological conduct of trials is of utmost importance, interventions that aim to improve this could have unintended consequences—such as bureaucracy—that have an overall negative effect; and (c) we should therefore generate an evidence base for policy interventions to improve conduct of trials rather than applying arbitrary rules.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Predicting the effects of introducing an emergency transport system in low-income and middle-income countries: a spatial-epidemiological modelling study

Author: Dmitri Nepogodiev, Richard Lilford, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Samuel I Watson, and Katie Scandrett
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Introduction Many low-income and middle-income countries lack an organised emergency transportation system, leaving people to arrange informal transport to hospital in the case of a medical emergency. Estimating the effect of implementing an emergency transport system is impractical and expensive, so there is a lack of evidence to support policy and investment decisions. Alternative modelling strategies may be able to fill this gap.Methods We have developed a spatial-epidemiological model of emergency transport for life-threatening conditions. The model incorporates components to both predict travel times across an area of interest under different scenarios and predict survival for emergency conditions as a function of time to receive care. We review potentially relevant data sources for different model parameters. We apply the model to the illustrative case study of providing emergency transport for postpartum haemorrhage in Northern Ghana.Results The model predicts that the effects of an ambulance service are likely to be ephemeral, varying according to local circumstances such as population density and road networks. In our applied example, the introduction of the ambulance service may save 40 lives (95% credible interval 5 to 111), or up to 107 lives (95% credible interval −293 to –13) may be lost across the region in a year, dependent on various model assumptions and parameter specifications. Maps showing the probability of reduced transfer time with the ambulance service may be particularly useful and allow for resource allocation planning.Conclusions Although there is scope for improvement in our model and in the data available to populate the model and inform parameter choices, we believe this work provides a foundation for pioneering methodology to predict the effect of introducing an ambulance system. Our spatial-epidemiological model includes much oppurtunity for flexibility and can be updated as required to best represent a chosen case study.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of 'Raw, Unadulterated African Honey for Ulcer Healing in Leprosy: Protocol for the Honey Experiment on Leprosy Ulcer (HELP) Randomized Controlled Trial'

Author: Sunday Udo, Pius Ogbu Sunday, Paul Alumbugu Tsaku, Israel Olaoluwa Oladejo, Anthony Meka, Linda Chinonso Ugwu, Motunrayo Ajisola, Joshua Akinyemi, Abiola Oladejo, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Sopna Mannan Choudhury, Jo Sartori, Onaedo Ilozumba, Sam Watson, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Medicine
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Raw, Unadulterated African Honey for Ulcer Healing in Leprosy: Protocol for the Honey Experiment on Leprosy Ulcer (HELP) Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Sunday Udo, Pius Ogbu Sunday, Paul Alumbugu Tsaku, Israel Olaoluwa Oladejo, Anthony Meka, Linda Chinonso Ugwu, Motunrayo Ajisola, Joshua Akinyemi, Abiola Oladejo, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Sopna Mannan Choudhury, Jo Sartori, Onaedo Ilozumba, Sam Watson, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Abstract BackgroundLeprosy leads to nerve damage and slow-healing ulcers, which are treatable with routine therapy. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of honey for the treatment of different kinds of wounds. ObjectiveThe aim of this study, Honey Experiment on Leprosy Ulcer (HELP), is to evaluate the healing properties of raw, unadulterated African honey in comparison with normal saline dressing for the treatment leprosy ulcers. MethodsThis is a multicenter, comparative, prospective, single-blinded, parallel-group, and 1:1 individually randomized controlled trial to be conducted at The Leprosy Referral Hospital, Chanchaga in Minna, Niger State, North Central Nigeria, and St. Benedict Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital in Ogoja, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria. Raw, unadulterated honey will be used in the ulcer dressing of eligible, consenting participants in the intervention group, whereas those in the control group will be treated by dressing with normal saline. The main outcomes will be the proportion of complete healing and the rate of healing up to 84 days after randomization. Follow-up will be conducted 6 months after randomization. We aim to enroll 90‐130 participants into the study. Blinded observers will examine photographs of ulcers to determine the outcomes. ResultsThe recruitment of trial participants began on March 14, 2022, and has been continuing for approximately 24 months. ConclusionsOur study will provide an unbiased estimate of the effect of honey on the healing of neuropathic ulcers.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. A complex ePrescribing-based Anti-Microbial Stewardship (ePAMS+) intervention for hospitals combining technological and behavioural components: protocol for a feasibility trial

Author: Christopher J. Weir, Imad Adamestam, Rona Sharp, Holly Ennis, Andrew Heed, Robin Williams, Kathrin Cresswell, Omara Dogar, Sarah Pontefract, Jamie Coleman, Richard Lilford, Neil Watson, Ann Slee, Antony Chuter, Jillian Beggs, Sarah Slight, James Mason, Lucy Yardley, and Aziz Sheikh
Subjects: Health informatics, Bacteriology, Infectious diseases, Microbiology, Decision support, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a leading global public health threat, with inappropriate use of antimicrobials in healthcare contributing to its development. Given this urgent need, we developed a complex ePrescribing-based Anti-Microbial Stewardship intervention (ePAMS+). Methods ePAMS+ includes educational and organisational behavioural elements, plus guideline-based clinical decision support to aid optimal antimicrobial use in hospital inpatients. ePAMS+ particularly focuses on prompt initiation of antimicrobials, followed by early review once test results are available to facilitate informed decision-making on stopping or switching where appropriate. A mixed-methods feasibility trial of ePAMS+ will take place in two NHS acute hospital care organisations. Qualitative staff interviews and observation of practice will respectively gather staff views on the technical component of ePAMS+ and information on their use of ePAMS+ in routine work. Focus groups will elicit staff and patient views on ePAMS+; one-to-one interviews will discuss antimicrobial stewardship with staff and will record patient experiences of receiving antibiotics and their thoughts on inappropriate prescribing. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Fidelity Index development will enable enactment of ePAMS+ to be measured objectively in a subsequent trial assessing the effectiveness of ePAMS+. Quantitative data collection will determine the feasibility of extracting data and deriving key summaries of antimicrobial prescribing; we will quantify variability in the primary outcome, number of antibiotic defined daily doses, to inform the future larger-scale trial design. Discussion This trial is essential to determine the feasibility of implementing the ePAMS+ intervention and measuring relevant outcomes, prior to evaluating its clinical and cost-effectiveness in a full scale hybrid cluster-randomised stepped-wedge clinical trial. Findings will be shared with study sites and with qualitative research participants and will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences. Trial registration The qualitative and Fidelity Index research were approved by the Health and Research Authority and the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service (ref: 19/NS/0174). The feasibility trial and quantitative analysis (protocol v1.0, 15 December 2021) were approved by the London South East Research Ethics Committee (ref: 22/LO/0204) and registered with ISRCTN ( ISRCTN 13429325 ) on 24 March 2022
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Practitioners’ views on community implementation of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the UK: a qualitative interview study

Author: Joseph N.A Akanuwe, Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena, Luc Bidaut, Pauline Mitchell, Paul Bird, Daniel Lasserson, Patricia Apenteng, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Point of care ultrasound, Community practice, Primary care, Prehospital care, Ultrasound practitioners, Facilitators, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Implementing Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in community practice could help to decide upon and prioritise initial treatment, procedures and appropriate specialist referral or conveyance to hospital. A recent literature review suggests that image quality, portability and cost of ultrasound devices are all improving with widening indications for community POCUS, but evidence about community POCUS use is needed in the UK. We aimed to explore views of clinical practitioners, actively using ultrasound, on their experiences of using POCUS and potential facilitators and barriers to its wider implementation in community settings in the UK. Methods We conducted a qualitative interview study with practitioners from community and secondary care settings actively using POCUS in practice. A convenience sample of eligible participants from different clinical specialties and settings was recruited using social media adverts, through websites of relevant research groups and snowball sampling. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted online using Microsoft Teams. These were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a Framework approach supported by NVivo 12. Results We interviewed 16 practitioners aged between 40 and 62 years from different professional backgrounds, including paramedics, emergency physicians, general practitioners, and allied health professionals. Participants identified key considerations and facilitators for wider implementation of POCUS in community settings in the UK: resource requirements for deployment and support of working devices; sufficient time and a skilled workforce; attention to training, education and support needs; ensuring proper governance, guidelines and quality assurance; workforce considerations; enabling ease of use in assisting decision making with consideration of unintended consequences; and more robust evidence to support perceptions of improved patient outcomes and experience. Conclusions POCUS could be useful for improving patient journey and health outcomes in community care, but this requires further research to evaluate outcomes. The facilitators identified could help make community POCUS a reality.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Mark Monahan, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Yakubu Momohsani Adinoyi, Bruce M. Biccard, Christina George, Dhruva N. Ghosh, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Osaheni Osayomwanbo, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Saidu Yusuf Yakubu, Raymond Oppong, Aneel Bhangu, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W. Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M. Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J. Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J. Fergusson, J.C. Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L. Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O. Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A. Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M. Harrison, Azmina Verjee, Emmy Runigamugabo, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H. Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J. Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewar, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Saidbadr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B. Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R. Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi, Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman K.Z. Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G. Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M. Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W. Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M. Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A. Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M. Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O. Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A.A. Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopezv, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Michael Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Maison, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taah Amoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, T.W.C. Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K.C. Janardha, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati Suyadi, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T. Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A. Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Kevin C. Conlon, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Gianluca Pellino, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Andrea Armellini, Deborah Chiesa, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Andrea Belli, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano M.M. Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Luigi Bonavina, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Pierpaolo Sileri, Claudio Arcudi, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Robert Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Andrejus Subocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažuskis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaižauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R. Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S.Y. Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca A.L. Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Taher Al-Taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman, Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Al-Khatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahed Ghaben, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat Ul Razi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan, Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V. Mora, Menold Archee P. Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B. Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A. Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, D.C. Grobler, Sule Burger, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B. Jayathilake, S.P.B. Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S. D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D. Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B. O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Uluşahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K. Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M.H. Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco
Subjects: abdominal surgery, cost-effectiveness analysis, global surgery, high fraction of inspired oxygen, low-and middle-income countries, surgical site infection, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract: Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Impact of malnutrition on early outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author: Aya Riad, Stephen R Knight, Dhruv Ghosh, Pamela A Kingsley, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Sudha Sundar, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Apple P Valparaiso, Riinu Pius, Catherine A Shaw, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Sorrel Burden, Kathryn Chu, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Anna J Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Laura Magill, Mayaba Maimbo, Janet Martin, Sonia Mathai, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, John Norrie, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Rajkumar Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Tracey E Roberts, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard JE Skipworth, Richard T Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Evropi Theodoratou, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Edwin Yenli, and Ewen M Harrison
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Malnutrition represents a key priority for global health policy, yet the impact of nutritional state on cancer surgery worldwide remains poorly described. We aimed to analyse the effect of malnutrition on early postoperative outcomes following elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019. Patients were excluded if the primary pathology was benign, they presented with cancer recurrence, or if they underwent emergency surgery (within 72 h of hospital admission). Malnutrition was defined with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. The primary outcome was death or a major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression and a three-way mediation analysis were done to establish the relationship between country income group, nutritional status, and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Findings: This study included 5709 patients (4593 with colorectal cancer and 1116 with gastric cancer) from 381 hospitals in 75 countries. The mean age was 64·8 years (SD 13·5) and 2432 (42·6%) patients were female . Severe malnutrition was present in 1899 (33·3%) of 5709 patients, with a disproportionate burden in upper-middle-income countries (504 [44·4%] of 1135) and low-income and lower-middle-income countries (601 [62·5%] of 962). After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, severe malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality across all country income groups (high income: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·96 [95% CI 1·14–3·37], p=0·015; upper-middle income: 3·05 [1·45–6·42], p=0·003; low income and lower-middle income: 11·57 [5·87–22·80], p
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Protocol for a cluster randomised waitlist-controlled trial of a goal-based behaviour change intervention for employees in workplaces enrolled in health and wellbeing initiatives.

Author: Lailah Alidu, Lena Al-Khudairy, Ila Bharatan, Paul Bird, Niyah Campbell, Graeme Currie, Karla Hemming, Kate Jolly, Laura Kudrna, Richard Lilford, James Martin, Laura Quinn, Kelly Ann Schmidtke, James Yates, and Prevention Workplace Collaboration West Midlands
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Many workplaces offer health and wellbeing initiatives to their staff as recommended by international and national health organisations. Despite their potential, the influence of these initiatives on health behaviour appears limited and evaluations of their effectiveness are rare. In this research, we propose evaluating the effectiveness of an established behaviour change intervention in a new workplace context. The intervention, 'mental contrasting plus implementation intentions', supports staff in achieving their health and wellbeing goals by encouraging them to compare the future with the present and to develop a plan for overcoming anticipated obstacles. We conducted a systematic review that identified only three trials of this intervention in workplaces and all of them were conducted within healthcare organisations. Our research will be the first to evaluate the effectiveness of mental contrasting outside a solely healthcare context. We propose including staff from 60 organisations, 30 in the intervention and 30 in a waitlisted control group. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of how to empower and support staff to improve their health and wellbeing. Trial registration: ISRCTN17828539.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. What influences slum residents' choices of healthcare providers for common illnesses? Findings of a Discrete Choice Experiment in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Author: Olufunke Fayehun, Jason Madan, Abiola Oladejo, Omobowale Oni, Eme Owoaje, Motunrayo Ajisola, Richard Lilford, Akinyinka Omigbodun, and Improving Health in Slums Collaborative
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Urban slum residents have access to a broad range of facilities of varying quality. The choices they make can significantly influence their health outcomes. Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) are a widely-used health economic methodology for understanding how individuals make trade-offs between attributes of goods or services when choosing between them. We carried out a DCE to understand these trade-offs for residents of an urban slum in Ibadan, Nigeria. We conducted 48 in-depth interviews with slum residents to identify key attributes influencing their decision to access health care. We also developed three symptom scenarios worded to be consistent with, but not pathegonian of, malaria, cholera, and depression. This led to the design of a DCE involving eight attributes with 2-4 levels for each. A D-efficient design was created, and data was collected from 557 residents between May 2021 and July 2021. Conditional-logit models were fitted to these data initially. Mixed logit and latent class models were also fitted to explore preference heterogeneity. Conditional logit results suggested a substantial Willingness-to-pay (WTP) for attributes associated with quality. WTP estimates across scenarios 1/2/3 were N5282 / N6080 / N3715 for the government over private ownership, N2599 / N5827 / N2020 for seeing a doctor rather than an informal provider and N2196 / N5421 /N4987 for full drug availability over none. Mixed logit and latent class models indicated considerable preference heterogeneity, with the latter suggesting a substantial minority valuing private over government facilities. Higher income and educational attainment were predictive of membership of this minority. Our study suggests that slum residents value and are willing to pay for high-quality care regarding staff qualifications and drug availability. It further suggests substantial variation in the perception of private providers. Therefore, improved access to government facilities and initiatives to improve the quality of private providers are complementary strategies for improving overall care received.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Perceived quality of care and choice of healthcare provider in informal settlements.

Author: Chris Conlan, Teddy Cunningham, Sam Watson, Jason Madan, Alexandros Sfyridis, Jo Sartori, Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: When a person chooses a healthcare provider, they are trading off cost, convenience, and a latent third factor: "perceived quality". In urban areas of lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including slums, individuals have a wide range of choice in healthcare provider, and we hypothesised that people do not choose the nearest and cheapest provider. This would mean that people are willing to incur additional cost to visit a provider they would perceive to be offering better healthcare. In this article, we aim to develop a method towards quantifying this notion of "perceived quality" by using a generalised access cost calculation to combine monetary and time costs relating to a visit, and then using this calculated access cost to observe facilities that have been bypassed. The data to support this analysis comes from detailed survey data in four slums, where residents were questioned on their interactions with healthcare services, and providers were surveyed by our team. We find that people tend to bypass more informal local services to access more formal providers, especially public hospitals. This implies that public hospitals, which tend to incur higher access costs, have the highest perceived quality (i.e., people are more willing to trade cost and convenience to visit these services). Our findings therefore provide evidence that can support the 'crowding out' hypothesis first suggested in a 2016 Lancet Series on healthcare provision in LMICs.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Recommended summary plan for emergency care and treatment: ReSPECT a mixed-methods study

Author: Gavin D Perkins, Claire A Hawkes, Karin Eli, James Griffin, Claire Jacques, Caroline J Huxley, Keith Couper, Cynthia Ochieng, Jonathan Fuld, Zoe Fritz, Rob George, Doug Gould, Richard Lilford, Martin Underwood, Catherine Baldock, Chris Bassford, Peter-Marc Fortune, John Speakman, Anna Wilkinson, Bob Ewings, Jane Warwick, Frances Griffiths, and Anne-Marie Slowther
Subjects: advanced care planning, cardiac arrest, do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care, shared decision-making, treatment escalation plans, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions have been widely criticised. The Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) process was developed to facilitate shared decisions between patients and clinicians in relation to emergency treatments, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Objective: To explore how, when and why ReSPECT plans are made and what effects the plans have on patient outcomes. Design: A mixed-methods evaluation, comprising (1) a qualitative study of ReSPECT decision-making processes, (2) an interrupted time series examining process and survival outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest and (3) a retrospective observational study examining factors associated with ReSPECT recommendations and patient outcomes. Setting: NHS acute hospitals and primary care and community services in England (2017–2020). Participants: Hospital doctors, general practitioners, nurses, patients and families. Data sources: The following sources were used: (1) observations of ReSPECT conversations at six hospitals and conversations with clinicians, patient, families and general practitioners, (2) survey and freedom of information data from hospitals participating in the National Cardiac Arrest Audit and (3) a review of inpatient medical records, ReSPECT forms and NHS Safety Thermometer data. Results: By December 2019, the ReSPECT process was being used in 40 of 186 (22%) acute hospitals. In total, 792 of 3439 (23%) inpatients, usually those identified at risk of deterioration, had a ReSPECT form. Involvement of the patient and/or family was recorded on 513 of 706 (73%) ReSPECT forms reviewed. Clinicians said that lack of time prevented more conversations. Observed conversations focused on resuscitation, but also included other treatments and the patient’s values and preferences. Conversation types included open-ended conversations, with clinicians actively eliciting the patients’ wishes and preferences, a persuasive approach, swaying the conversation towards a decision aligned with medical opinion, and simply informing the patient/relative about a medical decision that had already been made. The frequency of harms reported on the NHS Safety Thermometer was similar among patients with or without a ReSPECT form. Hospital doctors and general practitioners gave different views on the purpose of the ReSPECT process and the type of recommendations they would record. Limitations: The research was undertaken within the first 2 years following the implementation of ReSPECT. Local policies meant that doctors led these conversations. Most patients were seriously ill, which limited opportunities for interviews. Incomplete adoption of the ReSPECT process and problems associated with the NHS Safety Thermometer tool affected the evaluation on clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Patients and families were involved in most ReSPECT conversations. Conversations focused on resuscitation, but also included other emergency treatments. Respect for patient autonomy and duty to protect from harm informed clinicians’ approach to varying degrees, depending on the clinical situation and their views of ReSPECT as a shared decision-making process. The complexity of these conversations and the clinical, emotional and organisational barriers observed suggest that a nuanced and multifaceted approach will be necessary to support good ReSPECT processes. Future work: Further research is needed to understand the advantages and disadvantages to the adoption of a national emergency care and treatment plan system, the most effective national and local implementation approaches, and whether or not shared decision-making approaches in the context of emergency care and treatment plans could further enhance patient and family engagement. Study registration: This study is registered as ISRCTN11112933. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 10, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Transforming access to care for serious mental disorders in slums (the TRANSFORM Project): rationale, design and protocol

Author: Swaran P. Singh, Sagar Jilka, Jibril Abdulmalik, Georgios Bouliotis, Rakesh Chadda, Olayinka Egbokhare, Rumana Huque, Gillian Lewando Hundt, Srividya Iyer, Obafemi Jegede, Neeru Khera, Richard Lilford, Jason Madan, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Olayinka Omigbodun, Tasneem Raja, Ursula M. Read, Bulbul Ashraf Siddiqi, Mamta Sood, Tanjir Rashid Soron, and Helal Uddin Ahmed
Subjects: Serious mental illness, collaboration, faith and traditional healers, low-and-middle-income countries, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: This paper introduces the TRANSFORM project, which aims to improve access to mental health services for people with serious and enduring mental disorders (SMDs – psychotic disorders and severe mood disorders, often with co-occurring substance misuse) living in urban slums in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Ibadan (Nigeria). People living in slum communities have high rates of SMDs, limited access to mental health services and conditions of chronic hardship. Help is commonly sought from faith-based and traditional healers, but people with SMDs require medical treatment, support and follow-up. This multicentre, international mental health mixed-methods research project will (a) conduct community-based ethnographic assessment using participatory methods to explore community understandings of SMDs and help-seeking; (b) explore the role of traditional and faith-based healing for SMDs, from the perspectives of people with SMDs, caregivers, community members, healers, community health workers (CHWs) and health professionals; (c) co-design, with CHWs and healers, training packages for screening, early detection and referral to mental health services; and (d) implement and evaluate the training packages for clinical and cost-effectiveness in improving access to treatment for those with SMDs. TRANSFORM will develop and test a sustainable intervention that can be integrated into existing clinical care and inform priorities for healthcare providers and policy makers.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. An individual randomised efficacy trial of autologous blood products, leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), to promote ulcer healing in leprosy in Nepal: the TABLE trial protocol

Author: Indra B. Napit, Dilip Shrestha, Jon Bishop, Sopna Choudhury, Santosh Dulal, Paramjit Gill, Eleni Gkini, Holly Gwyther, Deanna A. Hagge, Karuna Neupane, Jo Sartori, Gemma Slinn, Samuel I. Watson, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, Ulcer, L-PRF, Nepal, Wound, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Leprosy is curable with multidrug therapy and treatment in the early stages can prevent disability. However, local nerve damage can lead to injury and consequently recurring and disfiguring ulcers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment of leprosy ulcers using an autologous blood product; leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) to promote healing. Methods This is a single-centre study in the Anandaban Hospital, The Leprosy Mission Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Consenting patients (n=130) will be individually randomised in a single-blinded, controlled trial. Participants will be 18 years of age or older, admitted to the hospital with a clean, dry and infection-free chronic foot ulcer between 2 and 20 cm2 in size. If the ulcer is infected, it will be treated before enrolment into the study. The intervention involves the application of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) matrix on the ulcer beds during twice-weekly dressing changes. Controls receive usual care in the form of saline dressings only during their twice-weekly dressing changes. Primary outcomes are the rate of healing assessed using standardised photographs by observers blind to allocated treatment, and time to complete re-epithelialization. Follow-up is at 6 months from randomisation. Discussion This research will provide valuable information on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of L-PRF in the treatment of leprosy ulcers. An additional benefit is the evaluation of the effects of treatment on quality of life for people living with leprosy ulcers. The results will improve our understanding of the scalability of this treatment across low-income countries for ulcer healing in leprosy and potentially other conditions such as diabetic ulcers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN14933421 . Registered on 16 June 2020
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Electronic prescribing systems in hospitals to improve medication safety: a multimethods research programme

Author: Aziz Sheikh, Jamie Coleman, Antony Chuter, Robin Williams, Richard Lilford, Ann Slee, Zoe Morrison, Kathrin Cresswell, Ann Robertson, Sarah Slight, Hajar Mozaffar, Lisa Lee, Sonal Shah, Sarah Pontefract, Abby King, Valeri Wiegel, Samuel Watson, Nde-Eshimuni Salema, David Bates, Anthony Avery, Alan Girling, Lucy McCloughan, and Neil Watson
Subjects: eprescribing, hospital eprescribing and medication administration, medication safety, prescribing errors, computerised order entry, computerised decision support, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: There is a need to identify approaches to reduce medication errors. Interest has converged on ePrescribing systems that incorporate computerised provider order entry and clinical decision support functionality. Objectives: We sought to describe the procurement, implementation and adoption of basic and advanced ePrescribing systems; to estimate their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; and to develop a toolkit for system integration into hospitals incorporating implications for practice from our research. Design: We undertook a theoretically informed, mixed-methods, context-rich, naturalistic evaluation. Setting: We undertook six longitudinal case studies in four hospitals (sites C, E, J and K) that did not have ePrescribing systems at the start of the programme (three of which went live and one that never went live) and two hospitals (sites A and D) with embedded systems. In the three hospitals that implemented systems, we conducted interviews pre implementation, shortly after roll-out and at 1 year post implementation. In the hospitals that had embedded systems, we conducted two rounds of interviews, 18 months apart. We undertook a three-round eDelphi exercise involving 20 experts to identify 80 clinically important prescribing errors, which were developed into the Investigate Medication Prescribing Accuracy for Critical error Types (IMPACT) tool. We elicited the cost of an ePrescribing system at one (non-study) site and compared this with the calculated ‘headroom’ (the upper limit that the decision-maker should pay) for the systems (sites J, K and S) for which effectiveness estimates were available. We organised four national conferences and five expert round-table discussions to contextualise and disseminate our findings. Intervention: The implementation of ePrescribing systems with either computerised provider order entry or clinical decision support functionality. Main outcome measures: Error rates were calculated using the IMPACT tool, with changes over time represented as ratios of error rates (as a proportion of opportunities for errors) using Poisson regression analyses. Results: We conducted 242 interviews and 32.5 hours of observations and collected 55 documents across six case studies. Implementation was difficult, particularly in relation to integration and interfacing between systems. Much of the clinical decision support functionality in embedded sites remained switched off because of concerns about over alerting. Getting systems operational meant that little attention was devoted to system optimisation or secondary uses of data. The prescriptions of 1244 patients were audited pre computerised provider order entry and 1178 post computerised provider order entry implementation of system A at sites J and K, and system B at site S. A total of 21,138 opportunities for error were identified from 28,526 prescriptions. Across the three sites, for those prescriptions for which opportunities for error were identified, the error rate was found to reduce significantly post computerised provider order entry implementation, from 5.0% to 4.0% (p
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Author: Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kunčarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoğlu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Emmanuel Bua, Noella Okalany, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytè Damulevičienè, Saulius Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Sule Burger, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo Lesetedi, Charles Mabedi, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Mark Monahan, Soloman Mulira, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey Roberts, Martin Smith, Viki Tayler, John Windsor, Raul Yepez, Sudha Sundar, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Mugisha Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, and Jean Wilguens Lartigue
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Evaluation of a self-help intervention to promote the health and wellbeing of marginalised people including those living with leprosy in Nepal: a prospective, observational, cluster-based, cohort study with controls

Author: Dilip Shrestha, Indra B. Napit, Subi Ansari, Sopna Mannan Choudhury, Bishnu Dhungana, Paramjit Gill, Frances Griffiths, Holly Gwyther, Deanna Hagge, Shovakhar Kandel, Suraj Puri, Jo Sartori, Samuel Ian Watson, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Leprosy, Ulcers, Disability, Low and middle-income countries, Self-care, Self-help groups, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background People affected by leprosy are at increased risk of ulcers from peripheral nerve damage. This in turn can lead to visible impairments, stigmatisation and economic marginalisation. Health care providers suggest that patients should be empowered to self-manage their condition to improve outcomes and reduce reliance on services. Self-care involves carrying out personal care tasks with the aim of preventing disabilities or preventing further deterioration. Self-help, on the other hand, addresses the wider psychological, social and economic implications of leprosy and incorporates, for example, skills training and microfinance schemes. The aim of this study, known as SHERPA (Self-Help Evaluation for lepRosy and other conditions in NePAl) is to evaluate a service intervention called Integrated Mobilization of People for Active Community Transformation (IMPACT) designed to encourage both self-care and self-help in marginalised people including those affected by leprosy. Methods A mixed-method evaluation study in Province 5, Nepal comprising two parts. First, a prospective, cluster-based, non-randomised controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of self-help groups on ulcer metrics (people affected by leprosy only) and on four generic outcome measures (all participants) - generic health status, wellbeing, social integration and household economic performance. Second, a qualitative study to examine the implementation and fidelity of the intervention. Impact This research will provide information on the effectiveness of combined self-help and self-care groups, on quality of life, social integration and economic wellbeing for people living with leprosy, disability or who are socially and economically marginalised in low- and middle- income countries.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Factors associated with accessing and utilisation of healthcare and provision of health services for residents of slums in low and middle-income countries: a scoping review of recent literature

Author: Frances Griffiths, Oyinlola Oyebode, Paramjit Gill, Romaina Iqbal, Rita Yusuf, Richard Lilford, Catherine Kyobutungi, Jo Sartori, Richard J Lilford, Simon Smith, Yen-Fu Chen, Navneet Aujla, Peter Diggle, Iqbal Azam, Omar Rahman, Jason Madan, Caroline Kabaria, Blessing Mberu, Bronwyn Harris, Pauline Bakibinga, Olufunke Fayehun, Peter Kibe, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Narjis Rizvi, Ria Wilson, Godwin Yeboah, Lyagamula Kisia, Ahsana Nazish, Eme Owoaje, Grant Tregonning, Olalekan Uthman, Samuel Watson, Ziraba Kasiira, Nelson Mbaya, Shukri Mohammed, Anne Njeri, Syed Shifat Ahmed, Nazratun Choudhury, Doyin Odubanjo, Motunrayo Ayobola, Mary Osuh, Olalekan Taiwo, João Porto de Albuquerque, Ji-Eun Park, and Motunrayo M Ajisola
Subjects: Medicine
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. An opportunistic evaluation of a routine service improvement project to reduce falls in hospital

Author: Diane Sheppard, Elaine Clarke, Karla Hemming, James Martin, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Patient safety, Falls, Time series, Implementation, Rapid response evaluation, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Preventing falls in hospital is a perennial patient safety issue. The University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire initiated a programme to train ward staff in accordance with guidelines. The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West Midlands was asked to expedite an independent evaluation of the initiative. We set out to describe the intervention to implement the guidelines and to evaluate it by means of a step-wedge cluster study using routinely collected data. Methods The evaluation was set up as a partially randomised, step-wedge cluster study, but roll-out across wards was more rapid than planned. The study was therefore analysed as a time-series. Primary outcome was rate of falls per 1000 Occupied Bed Days (OBDs) collected monthly using routine data. Data was analysed using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model, with a fixed effect for intervention, time and post-intervention time. We allowed for random variations across clusters in initial fall rate, pre-intervention slope and post-intervention slope. Results There was an average of 6.62 falls per 1000 OBDs in the control phase, decreasing to an average of 5.89 falls per 1000 OBDs in the period after implementation to the study end. Regression models showed no significant step change in fall rates (IRR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92–1.14). However, there was a gradual decrease, of approximately 3%, after the intervention was introduced (IRR: 0.97 per month, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99). Conclusion The intervention was associated with a small but statistically significantly improvement in falls rates. Expedited roll-out of an intervention may vitiate a step-wedge cluster design, but the intervention can still be studied using a time-series analysis. Assuming that there is some value in time series analyses, this is better than no evaluation at all. However, care is needed in making causal inferences given the non-experimental nature of the design.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. A contextual exploration of healthcare service use in urban slums in Nigeria.

Author: Olufunke Fayehun, Motunrayo Ajisola, Olalekan Uthman, Oyinlola Oyebode, Abiola Oladejo, Eme Owoaje, Olalekan Taiwo, Oladoyin Odubanjo, Bronwyn Harris, Richard Lilford, Akinyinka Omigbodun, and Improving Health in Slums Collaborative
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: IntroductionMany urban residents in low- and middle-income countries live in unfavorable conditions with few healthcare facilities, calling to question the long-held view of urban advantage in health, healthcare access and utilization. We explore the patterns of healthcare utilization in these deprived neighborhoods by studying three such settlements in Nigeria.MethodsThe study was conducted in three slums in Southwestern Nigeria, categorized as migrant, indigenous or cosmopolitan, based on their characteristics. Using observational data of those who needed healthcare and used in-patient or out-patient services in the 12 months preceding the survey, frequencies, percentages and odds-ratios were used to show the study participants' environmental and population characteristics, relative to their patterns of healthcare use.ResultsA total of 1,634 residents from the three slums participated, distributed as 763 (migrant), 459 (indigenous) and 412 (cosmopolitan). Residents from the migrant (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.97) and indigenous (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45 to 0.93) slums were less likely to have used formal healthcare facilities than those from the cosmopolitan slum. Slum residents were more likely to use formal healthcare facilities for maternal and perinatal conditions, and generalized pains, than for communicable (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34 to 0.72) and non-communicable diseases (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.91). The unemployed had higher odds (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.08 to 1.93) of using formal healthcare facilities than those currently employed.ConclusionThe cosmopolitan slum, situated in a major financial center and national economic hub, had a higher proportion of formal healthcare facility usage than the migrant and indigenous slums where about half of families were classified as poor. The urban advantage premise and Anderson behavioral model remain a practical explanatory framework, although they may not explain healthcare use in all possible slum types in Africa. A context-within-context approach is important for addressing healthcare utilization challenges in slums in sub-Saharan Africa.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Effectiveness of SMS messaging for diarrhoea measurement: a factorial cross-over randomised controlled trial

Author: Ryan Rego, Samuel Watson, Philbert Ishengoma, Philemon Langat, Hezekiah Pireh Otieno, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Diarrhoea, Surveillance, mHealth, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Text messaging systems are used to collect data on symptom prevalence. Using a text messaging system, we evaluated the effects of question load, question frequency, and financial incentive on response rates and reported infant diarrhoea rates in an infant diarrhoea survey. Methods We performed a factorial cross-over randomised controlled trial of an SMS surveying system for infant diarrhoea surveillance with treatments: financial incentive (yes/no), question load (1-question/3-question), and questioning frequency (daily/fortnightly). Participants progressed through all treatment combinations over eight two-week rounds. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regressions to determine the impacts of the treatments on the response rates and reported diarrhoea rates. Attitudes were explored through qualitative interviews. Results For the 141 participants, the mean response rate was 47%. In terms of percentage point differences (ppd), daily questioning was associated with a lower response rate than fortnightly (− 1·2[95%CI:-4·9,2·5]); high (3-question) question loads were associated with a lower response rate than low (1-question) question loads (− 7·0[95%CI:− 10·8,-3·1]); and financial incentivisation was associated with a higher response rate than no financial incentivisation (6·4[95%CI:2·6,10·2]). The mean two-week diarrhoea rate was 36·4%. Daily questioning was associated with a higher reported diarrhoea rate than fortnightly (29·9[95%CI:22·8,36·9]); with little evidence for impact by incentivisation or question load. Conclusions Close to half of all participants responded to the SMS survey. Daily questioning evoked a statistically higher rate of reported diarrhoea, while financial incentivisation and low (1-question) question loads evoked higher response rates than no incentive and high (3-question) question loads respectively. Trial Registration The protocol was prospectively registered on ISRCTN on the 20th of March 2019 under number ISRCTN11410773 .
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Case study of a method of development of a selection process for community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Celia Brown, Richard Lilford, Frances Griffiths, Prince Oppong-Darko, Myness Ndambo, Marion Okoh-Owusu, and Emily Wroe
Subjects: Community health workers, Selection, Recruitment, Performance, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Choosing who should be recruited as a community health worker (CHW) is an important task, for their future performance partly depends on their ability to learn the required knowledge and skills, and their personal attributes. Developing a fair and effective selection process for CHWs is a challenging task, and reports of attempts to do so are rare. This paper describes a five-stage process of development and initial testing of a CHW selection process in two CHW programmes, one in Malawi and one in Ghana, highlighting the lessons learned at each stage and offering recommendations to other CHW programme providers seeking to develop their own selection processes. Case presentation The five stages of selection process development were as follows: (1) review an existing selection process, (2) conduct a job analysis, (3) elicit stakeholder opinions, (4) co-design the selection process and (5) test the selection process. Good practice in selection process development from the human resource literature and the principles of co-design were considered throughout. Validity, reliability, fairness, acceptability and feasibility—the determinants of selection process utility—were considered as appropriate during stages 1 to 4 and used to guide the testing in stage 5. The selection methods used by each local team were a written test and a short interview. Conclusions Working with stakeholders, including CHWs, helped to ensure the acceptability of the selection processes developed. Expectations of intensiveness—in particular the number of interviewers—needed to be managed as resources for selection are limited, and CHWs reported that any form of interview may be stressful. Testing highlighted the importance of piloting with CHWs to ensure clarity of wording of questions, interviewer training to maximise inter-rater reliability and the provision of guidance to applicants in advance of any selection events. Trade-offs between the different components of selection process utility are also likely to be required. Further refinements and evaluation of predictive validity (i.e. a sixth stage of development) would be recommended before roll-out.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. A comparison of traditional diarrhoea measurement methods with microbiological and biochemical indicators: A cross-sectional observational study in the Cox's Bazar displaced persons camp

Author: Ryan Rego, Samuel Watson, Mohammad Atique Ul Alam, Syed Asif Abdullah, Mohammad Yunus, Imam Taskin Alam, A.S.M.Homuan Kabir Chowdhury, S.M.Arefeen Haider, ASG Faruque, Azharul Islam Khan, Timothy Hofer, Paramjit Gill, Mohammad Sirajul Islam, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Diarrhoea, Diagnostics, Refugee, Enteric, Infection, Epidemiology, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) systems aim to reduce the spread of enteric pathogens, particularly amongst children under five years old. The most common primary outcome of WASH trials is carer-reported diarrhoea. We evaluate different diarrhoea survey instruments as proxy markers of enteric pathogen presence in stool. Methods: We recruited 800 community-based participants from the Cox's Bazar Displaced Person's Camp in Bangladesh, split evenly between the rainy (July/August 2020) and dry (November/December 2020) periods. Participants were randomized evenly into either a standard survey asking carers if their child under five years old has had diarrhoea in the past fortnight, or a pictorial survey asking carers to pick from a pictorial chart which stools their child under five years old has had in the past fortnight. We collected stools from a random sub-sample of 120. Stools were examined visually, and tested for proteins associated with enteric infection and 16 enteric pathogens. We calculated sensitivities and specificities for each survey type, visual examination, and proteins with respect to enteric pathogen presence. Findings: The sensitivity of the standard survey for enteric pathogen presence was 0.49[95%CI:0.32,0.66] and the specificity was 0.65[0.41,0.85]. Similar sensitivities and specificities were observed for pictorial survey, visual inspection, and proteins. Interpretation: While diarrhoea is an important sign in clinical practice it appears that it is a poor proxy for enteric pathogen presence in stool in epidemiological surveys. When enteric infection is of interest, this should be measured directly. Funding: The project was funded by the National Institutes for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Improving Health in Slums (16/136/87) and by the University of Warwick.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Effect of a baby‐friendly workplace support intervention on exclusive breastfeeding in Kenya

Author: Elizabeth W. Kimani‐Murage, Calistus Wilunda, Teresia Njoki Macharia, Eva Watiri Kamande, Peter Muriuki Gatheru, Tadesse Zerfu, Hermann Pythagore Pierre Donfouet, Laura Kiige, Susan Jabando, Lynette Aoko Dinga, Betty Samburu, Richard Lilford, Paula Griffiths, Debra Jackson, France Begin, and Grainne Moloney
Subjects: baby‐friendly workplace, breastfeeding support, infant feeding behaviour, mother‐friendly workplace, propensity score weighting, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Abstract Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first 6 months of life is crucial for optimizing child growth, development and survival, as well as the mother's wellbeing. Mother's employment may hinder optimal breastfeeding, especially in the first 6 months. We assessed the effectiveness of a baby‐friendly workplace support intervention on EBF in Kenya. This pre‐post intervention study was conducted between 2016 and 2018 on an agricultural farm in Kericho County. The intervention targeted pregnant/breastfeeding women residing on the farm and consisted of workplace support policies and programme interventions including providing breastfeeding flexi‐time and breaks for breastfeeding mothers; day‐care centres (crèches) for babies near the workplace and lactation centres with facilities for breast milk expression and storage at the crèches; creating awareness on available workplace support for breastfeeding policies; and home‐based nutritional counselling for pregnant and breastfeeding women. EBF was measured through 24‐h recall. The effect of the intervention on EBF was estimated using propensity score weighting. The study included 270 and 146 mother–child dyads in the nontreated (preintervention) group and treated (intervention) group, respectively. The prevalence of EBF was higher in the treated group (80.8%) than in the nontreated group (20.2%); corresponding to a fourfold increased probability of EBF [risk ratio (RR) 3.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.95–5.15]. The effect of the intervention was stronger among children aged 3–5 months (RR 8.13; 95% CI 4.23–15.64) than among those aged
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Remote Consultations Versus Standard Face-to-Face Appointments for Liver Transplant Patients in Routine Hospital Care: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of myVideoClinic

Author: Sarah Damery, Janet Jones, Elaine O'Connell Francischetto, Kate Jolly, Richard Lilford, and James Ferguson
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundUsing technology to reduce the pressure on the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales is a key government target, and the NHS Long-Term Plan outlines a strategy for digitally enabled outpatient care to become mainstream by 2024. In 2020, the COVID-19 response saw the widespread introduction of remote consultations for patient follow-up, regardless of individual preferences. Despite this rapid change, there may be enduring barriers to the effective implementation of remote appointments into routine practice once the unique drivers for change during the COVID-19 pandemic no longer apply, to which pre-COVID implementation studies can offer important insights. ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using real-time remote consultations between patients and secondary care physicians for routine patient follow-up at a large hospital in the United Kingdom and to assess whether patient satisfaction differs between intervention and usual care patients. MethodsClinically stable liver transplant patients were randomized to real-time remote consultations in which their hospital physician used secure videoconferencing software (intervention) or standard face-to-face appointments (usual care). Participants were asked to complete postappointment questionnaires over 12 months. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was the difference in scores between baseline and study end by patient group for the three domains of patient satisfaction (assessed using the Visit-Specific Satisfaction Instrument). An embedded qualitative process evaluation used interviews to assess patient and staff experiences. ResultsOf the 54 patients who were randomized, 29 (54%) received remote consultations, and 25 (46%) received usual care (recruitment rate: 54/203, 26.6%). The crossover between study arms was high (13/29, 45%). A total of 129 appointments were completed, with 63.6% (82/129) of the questionnaires being returned. Patient satisfaction at 12 months increased in both the intervention (25 points) and usual care (14 points) groups. The within-group analysis showed that the increases were significant for both intervention (P
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. A household-based community health worker programme for non-communicable disease, malnutrition, tuberculosis, HIV and maternal health: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial in Neno District, Malawi

Author: Richard Lilford, Celia Brown, Samuel I Watson, Luckson Dullie, Emily B Wroe, Elizabeth L Dunbar, Daniel Palazuelos, Lawrence Nazimera, Enoch P L Ndarama, Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Basimenye Nhlema, Annie Michaelis, Ryan McBain, Alexandra V Kulinkina, Moses Aron, Henry Makungwa, Benson Chabwera, and Benson Phiri
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Background Community health worker (CHW) programmes are a valuable component of primary care in resource-poor settings. The evidence supporting their effectiveness generally shows improvements in disease-specific outcomes relative to the absence of a CHW programme. In this study, we evaluated expanding an existing HIV and tuberculosis (TB) disease-specific CHW programme into a polyvalent, household-based model that subsequently included non-communicable diseases (NCDs), malnutrition and TB screening, as well as family planning and antenatal care (ANC).Methods We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial in Neno District, Malawi. Six clusters of approximately 20 000 residents were formed from the catchment areas of 11 healthcare facilities. The intervention roll-out was staggered every 3 months over 18 months, with CHWs receiving a 5-day foundational training for their new tasks and assigned 20–40 households for monthly (or more frequent) visits.Findings The intervention resulted in a decrease of approximately 20% in the rate of patients defaulting from chronic NCD care each month (−0.8 percentage points (pp) (95% credible interval: −2.5 to 0.5)) while maintaining the already low default rates for HIV patients (0.0 pp, 95% CI: −0.6 to 0.5). First trimester ANC attendance increased by approximately 30% (6.5pp (−0.3, 15.8)) and paediatric malnutrition case finding declined by 10% (−0.6 per 1000 (95% CI −2.5 to 0.8)). There were no changes in TB programme outcomes, potentially due to data challenges.Interpretation CHW programmes can be successfully expanded to more comprehensively address health needs in a population, although programmes should be carefully tailored to CHW and health system capacity.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Increasing specialist intensity at weekends to improve outcomes for patients undergoing emergency hospital admission: the HiSLAC two-phase mixed-methods study

Author: Julian Bion, Cassie Aldridge, Chris Beet, Amunpreet Boyal, Yen-Fu Chen, Michael Clancy, Alan Girling, Timothy Hofer, Joanne Lord, Russell Mannion, Peter Rees, Chris Roseveare, Louise Rowan, Gavin Rudge, Jianxia Sun, Elizabeth Sutton, Carolyn Tarrant, Mark Temple, Sam Watson, Janet Willars, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: weekend, weekday, weekend effect, emergency admissions, 7-day services, mortality, quantitative, qualitative, difference-in-difference, systematic review, meta-analysis, model, intensive care, specialist intensity, patient pathway, care quality, case notes review, case record review, focus group, cost–benefit, quality-adjusted life-years, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: NHS England’s 7-day services policy comprised 10 standards to improve access to quality health care across all days of the week. Six standards targeted hospital specialists on the assumption that their absence caused the higher mortality associated with weekend hospital admission: the ‘weekend effect’. The High-intensity Specialist-Led Acute Care (HiSLAC) collaboration investigated this using the implementation of 7-day services as a ‘natural experiment’. Objectives: The objectives were to determine whether or not increasing specialist intensity at weekends improves outcomes for patients undergoing emergency hospital admission, and to explore mechanisms and cost-effectiveness. Design: This was a two-phase mixed-methods observational study. Year 1 focused on developing the methodology. Years 2–5 included longitudinal research using quantitative and qualitative methods, and health economics. Methods: A Bayesian systematic literature review from 2000 to 2017 quantified the weekend effect. Specialist intensity measured over 5 years used self-reported annual point prevalence surveys of all specialists in English acute hospital trusts, expressed as the weekend-to-weekday ratio of specialist hours per 10 emergency admissions. Hospital Episode Statistics from 2007 to 2018 provided trends in weekend-to-weekday mortality ratios. Mechanisms for the weekend effect were explored qualitatively through focus groups and on-site observations by qualitative researchers, and a two-epoch case record review across 20 trusts. Case-mix differences were examined in a single trust. Health economics modelling estimated costs and outcomes associated with increased specialist provision. Results: Of 141 acute trusts, 115 submitted data to the survey, and 20 contributed 4000 case records for review and participated in qualitative research (involving interviews, and observations using elements of an ethnographic approach). Emergency department attendances and admissions have increased every year, outstripping the increase in specialist numbers; numbers of beds and lengths of stay have decreased. The reduction in mortality has plateaued; the proportion of patients dying after discharge from hospital has increased. Specialist hours increased between 2012/13 and 2017/18. Weekend specialist intensity is half that of weekdays, but there is no relationship with admission mortality. Patients admitted on weekends are sicker (they have more comorbid disease and more of them require palliative care); adjustment for severity of acute illness annuls the weekend effect. In-hospital care processes are slightly more efficient at weekends; care quality (errors, adverse events, global quality) is as good at weekends as on weekdays and has improved with time. Qualitative researcher assessments of hospital weekend quality concurred with case record reviewers at trust level. General practitioner referrals at weekends are one-third of those during weekdays and have declined further with time. Limitations: Observational research, variable survey response rates and subjective assessments of care quality were compensated for by using a difference-in-difference analysis over time. Conclusions: Hospital care is improving. The weekend effect is associated with factors in the community that precede hospital admission. Post-discharge mortality is increasing. Policy-makers should focus their efforts on improving acute and emergency care on a ‘whole-system’ 7-day approach that integrates social, community and secondary health care. Future work: Future work should evaluate the role of doctors in hospital and community emergency care and investigate pathways to emergency admission and quality of care following hospital discharge. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 9, No. 13. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. The impact of status and social context on health service co-design: an example from a collaborative improvement initiative in UK primary care

Author: Ian Litchfield, Louise Bentham, Ann Hill, Richard J. McManus, Richard Lilford, and Sheila Greenfield
Subjects: Focus groups, Healthcare, teamwork, Healthcare, primary, Healthcare users’ experience, Relationships, patient-provider, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Increasingly, collaborative participatory methods requiring open and honest interaction between a range of stakeholders are being used to improve health service delivery. To be successful these methodologies must incorporate perspectives from a range of patients and staff. Yet, if unaccounted for, the complex relationships amongst staff groups and between patients and providers can affect the veracity and applicability of co-designed solutions. Methods Two focus groups convened to discuss suggestions for the improvement of blood testing and result communication in primary care. The groups were mixed of patients and staff in various combinations drawn from the four participating study practices. Here we present a secondary mixed-method analysis of the interaction between participants in both groups using sociogrammatic and thematic analysis. Results Despite a similar mix of practice staff and patients the two groups produced contrasting discussions, seemingly influenced by status and social context. The sociograms provided a useful insight into the flow of conversation and highlighted the dominance of the senior staff member in the first focus group. Within the three key themes of social context, the alliances formed between participants and the fluidity of the roles assumed manifested differently between groups apparently dictated by the different profile of the participants of each. Conclusions For primary care service improvement attention must be paid to the background of participants when convening collaborative service improvement groups as status and imported hierarchies can have significant connotations for the data produced.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Methodological issues in economic evaluations of emergency transport systems in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Dmitri Nepogodiev, Richard Lilford, Samuel I Watson, Alan J Girling, Peter Diggle, Peter J Chilton, Mark Sculpher, and Darius Erlangga
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: A recent systematic review identified few papers on the economic evaluation of systems for emergency transport of acutely ill or injured patients. In addition, we found no articles dealing with the methodological challenges posed by such studies in low-income or middle-income countries. We therefore carried out an analysis of issues that are of particular salience to this important topic. This is an intellectual study in which we develop models, identify their limitations, suggest potential extensions to the models and discuss priorities for empirical studies to populate models. First, we develop a general model to calculate changes in survival contingent on the reduced time to treatment that an emergency transport system is designed to achieve. Second, we develop a model to estimate transfer times over an area that will be served by a proposed transfer system. Third, we discuss difficulties in obtaining parameters with which to populate the models. Fourth, we discuss costs, both direct and indirect, of an emergency transfer service. Fifth, we discuss the issue that outcomes other than survival should be considered and that the effects of a service are a weighted sum over all the conditions and severities for which the service caters. Lastly, based on the above work, we identify priorities for research. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and frame issues in the health economics of acute transfer systems and to develop models to calculate survival rates from basic parameters, such as time delay/survival relationships, that vary by intervention type and context.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author: Sèbastien Gaujoux, Nebyou Seyoum, Ville Sallinen, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrea Belli, Clare Skerritt, Naomi Wright, Savva Pronin, Azmina Verjee, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Oliver Warren, Michele Sacco, Arnav Agarwal, Simon Paterson-Brown, David Evans, Philip Choi, Ashish Gupta, Jonathan Myers, Victor Kong, Michael Wilson, Ewen M Harrison, Mircea Beuran, Ionut Negoi, Zahra Jaffry, Leonardo Solaini, Thomas M Drake, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu, Dhruv Ghosh, Hosni Khairy Salem, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismail Lawani, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Mayaba Maimbo, Alex Makupe, Rachel Moore, Vanessa Msosa, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Riinu Ots, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Sarah Rayne, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Richard Spence, Stephen Tabiri, Richard Lilford, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Tom Abbott, Gehad Tawfik, Sebastian King, Alexia Farrugia, Jay Park, Abhishek Sharma, Augusto Zani, Christopher Smith, Jonathan Lund, Stefano Giuliani, John Whitaker, Elaine Borg, Alexis Arnaud, Esther Ferrero, Andrea Ruzzenente, Jennifer Rickard, Yousef Abuowda, Enas Alaloul, Natalie Blencowe, Sanjay Patel, Mark Ian Hampton, Ewen Griffiths, André L Mihaljevic, Elizabeth Evans, Catherine A Shaw, Jennifer Ploski, Mengistu Worku, Ashish Minocha, Shiva Dindyal, Midhun Mohan, Dina Fouad, Christopher Owen, Priya Patel, Sunil Kumar, James Yang, Kevin C Conlon, Sandro Pasquali, Mohamed Mostafa, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Lee, James Glasbey, Gareth Irwin, Kjetil Søreide, Catrin Morgan, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Luke Nicholson, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Taiwo Lawal, Omolara Williams, Andrey Litvin, Elodie Haraux, James Olivier, Michael Stoddart, Rebecca White, George Ihediwa, Luigi Bonavina, Chetan Khatri, Stephen O'Neill, Roger Schmid, Stephen Knight, Ahmed Soliman, Carly Bisset, Robert Parker, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Luck, Guo Liang Yong, Tanzeela Gala, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Ye Ru Chin, J Edward Fitzgerald, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Faustin Ntirenganya, Stuart J Fergusson, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Adewale O Adisa, Tomas Poškus, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sebastian Shu, Emmy Runigamugabo, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Ismail Lawini, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Dushyant Iyer, Tom Arthur, MariaLorena Aguilera, Basant Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, YongYong Tew, Ramos-DelaMedina Antonio, Zineb Bent, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Saint Kitts, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Mark Scott, Ragavan Narayanan, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique MendozaBeleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamidkanta, Sayeedaaktar Tori, Md Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Md Shadid Al Amin, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar Margaret, Greg Padmore O'Shea, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernestyemalinstephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo ElDahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, OsamaMokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammadamsyarauni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Radyabdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti NurAlia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah HanumHaji AbdulMajid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamadjeffreybin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan MohdBasir, Citra Dewi MohdAli, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abdelkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady El Hadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajah, Abdelaziz Seliem, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed Elhalawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmedbahaaeldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoudabdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Mennatallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelatymohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdulazizamin, Ahmed Rabiemohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmedredaelsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohyeldeenmahmoud, Islam MagdyEl Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusufshawky, Mohammed Mousasalem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein AhmedAbdelmoenelhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatahibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdymadkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoudabdel Kader, Osama Mohamedsalah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zakieldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoudeid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdelsabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel Raouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdulbassit, Nadia Khalidabdelatif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed Elkashash, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abdelsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Vassilis Kalles, Nada Mohamed Bekheta, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Almeligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Saidelkholy, Badreldineadel Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia mohamedAly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammedbakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldinadel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad‏, Mohamedsalah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Nadia Khaledabdel-Latif, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabiemohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr MohamedFarouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamedfawzy Mahrousbadr, Rofida Elsemelawy AyaEl-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Anyomih Theophilus TeddyKojo, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena AgbedinuKwabena AgbedinuMichaelAmoah, Kwabena Agbedinu, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem KofiKordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Mais, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naabarnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taahamoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio TulioTorres Rodriguez, Carlos Pazgalvez, Danilo Herreracruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin ChakYiu Lam, Man Hon AndrewYeung, Chi Ying JacquelynFok, Ka Hin GabrielLi, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk HongEric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng BryanLee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, Chi Chung Foo, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, Janardhan, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusipadmasulistianingsih Mata, Ferryfitriyaayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlailaayu Purwaningsih, Annisa DewiFitriana Mukin, Dinafaizatur Rahmah, Hazmidwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbimaulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifantosaditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin MohdNurrahman RadinDorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa Lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano MM Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Guglielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco GianfrancoCocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas AndrejusSubocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažusis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaizauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra CasimirFleur PrudenceRahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Emmanuella ChristinaTolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, SitiMohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang NitaAbdul Aziz, Rokayah Julaihi, Reynu Rajan, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim NikAbdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R GohErn Tze, SyedAbdul WahhabEusoffee WanAli, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron SwireTing, Samuel S YSii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin EeZhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah TuanMat, Crystal Yern NeeChow, Prisca AL Har, Yishan Der, Yong Yong Tew, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Devatata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan NurulAin WanMohdNasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Te, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu ThanhHien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre' Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgettemarie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Antonio Ramos-Dela Medina, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Olufemi Habeeb, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Dr Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knutmagne Augestad, Gurpreetsingh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomastetens Moe, Johanneskurt Schultz, Taher Al-taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa Eljamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian AlBarrawi, Ahmed Al-khatib, Maha Al-faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahed Ghabe, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat UlRazi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryamali Khan, Mohammadmohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad, Gustavo Miguel MachainVega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Gustavo Rodolfo PertersenServin, Helmut Alfredo SegoviaLohse, Larissa Ines Páezlopez, Ramón Augusto MeloCardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David PérezRojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany AlejosBermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruizpanez, Pedroangel Toribioorbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana MariaSandoval Barrantes, Jorge Chungui, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Joselyn Ye Bárbara, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva VergaraMejia, Maria Soledad GonzalesMontejo, Mariliadelcarmen Escalantesalas, Willy Alccaticona, Marvin Vargas, Georgechristian Manriquesila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar, Armando JoséRomán Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing AlexanderZeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis HamasakiHamaguchi, Erick Samuel FlorezFarfan, Linda Alvi MadridBarrientos, Juan Jaime HerreraMatta, John Jemuel VMora, Menold Archee PRedota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa BMaño, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Cezar Ciubotaru, Mutabazi Alphonse, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh AAlghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Aroub Alkaaki, Reham Alshareef, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Mohammed Najjar, Sondos Turkustani, Sarah Sahel, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Alsubaie, Fatema Albastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau WenLiang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith QiHui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, DC Grobler, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlouernest Mabitsela, Sibongileruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramospérez, Nuria Aguadosuárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Eloy Espin-Basany, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solargarcía, Elisa Contreras, Carmen Garcíabernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyardeleón, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diazvico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B Jayathilake, S.P.B Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali M. Gilani, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitriaristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Catrin Jones, Dima Nassif, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Veeranna Shatkar, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Kirk Bowling, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Cedar Andress, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan Mcgarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Zhanherr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle D'souza, David Ewart Henshall, Eunicezuling Ter, William English, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammedakil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Madanmohan Palliyil, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Waicheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sobhana Iftekhartani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Cheankhunng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte BliksØen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. A framework and toolkit of interventions to enhance reflective learning among health-care professionals: the PEARL mixed-methods study

Author: Julian Bion, Olivia Brookes, Celia Brown, Carolyn Tarrant, Julian Archer, Duncan Buckley, Lisa-Marie Buckley, Ian Clement, Felicity Evison, Fang Gao Smith, Chris Gibbins, Emma-Jo Hayton, Jennifer Jones, Richard Lilford, Randeep Mullhi, Greg Packer, Gavin D Perkins, Jonathan Shelton, Catherine Snelson, Paul Sullivan, Ivo Vlaev, Daniel Wolstenholme, Stephen Wright, and the PEARL collaboration
Subjects: patient experience, staff experience, reflection, empathy, communication, acute care, intensive care, critical care, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: Although most health care is high quality, many patients and members of staff can recall episodes of a lack of empathy, respect or effective communication from health-care staff. In extreme form, this contributes to high-profile organisational failures. Reflective learning is a universally promoted technique for stimulating insight, constructive self-appraisal and empathy; however, its efficacy tends to be assumed rather than proven. The Patient Experience And Reflective Learning (PEARL) project has used patient and staff experience to co-design a novel reflective learning framework that is based on theories of behaviour and learning. Objective: To create a toolkit to help health-care staff obtain meaningful feedback to stimulate effective reflective learning that will promote optimal patient-, family- and colleague-focused behaviours. Design: A 3-year developmental mixed-methods study with four interlinked workstreams and 12 facilitated co-design meetings. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour framework was used to describe factors influencing the behaviour of reflection. Setting: This took place at five acute medical units and three intensive care units in three urban acute hospital trusts in England. Participants: Patients and relatives, medical and nursing staff, managers and researchers took part. Data sources: Two anonymous surveys, one for patients and one for staff, were developed from existing UK-validated instruments, administered locally and analysed centrally. Ethnographers undertook interviews and observed clinical care and reflective learning activities in the workplace, as well as in the co-design meetings, and fed back their observations in plenary workshops. Main outcome measures: Preliminary instruments were rated by participants for effectiveness and feasibility to derive a final set of tools. These are presented in an attractively designed toolbox with multiple sections, including the theoretical background of reflection, mini guides for obtaining meaningful feedback and for reflecting effectively, guides for reflecting ‘in-action’ during daily activities, and a set of resources. Results: Local project teams (physicians, nurses, patients, relatives and managers) chaired by a non-executive director found the quarterly reports of feedback from the patient and staff surveys insightful and impactful. Patient satisfaction with care was higher for intensive care units than for acute medical units, which reflects contextual differences, but in both settings quality of communication was the main driver of satisfaction. Ethnographers identified many additional forms of experiential feedback. Those that generated an emotional response were particularly effective as a stimulus for reflection. These sources of data were used to supplement individual participant experiences in the nine local co-design meetings and four workshops to identify barriers to and facilitators of effective reflection, focusing on capability, opportunity and motivation. A logic model was developed combining the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour framework for reflection and theories of learning to link patient and staff experience to changes in downstream behaviours. Participants proposed practical tools and activities to enhance reflection ‘in-action’ and ‘on-action’. These tools were developed iteratively by the local and central project teams. Limitations: Paper-based surveys were burdensome to administer and analyse. Conclusions: Patients and health-care staff collaborated to produce a novel reflective learning toolkit. Future work: The toolkit requires evaluating in a cluster randomised controlled trial. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Mobile consulting (mConsulting) and its potential for providing access to quality healthcare for populations living in low-resource settings of low- and middle-income countries

Author: Frances Griffiths, Jocelyn Anstey Watkins, Caroline Huxley, Bronwyn Harris, Jonathan Cave, Senga Pemba, Beatrice Chipwaza, Richard Lilford, Motunrayo Ajisola, Theodoros N. Arvanitis, Pauline Bakibinga, Muntasir Billah, Nazratun Choudhury, David Davies, Olufunke Fayehun, Caroline Kabaria, Romaina Iqbal, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Eme Owoaje, Omar Rahman, Jo Sartori, Saleem Sayani, Komal Tabani, Rita Yusuf, and Jackie Sturt
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: Objective The poorest populations of the world lack access to quality healthcare. We defined the key components of consulting via mobile technology (mConsulting), explored whether mConsulting can fill gaps in access to quality healthcare for poor and spatially marginalised populations (specifically rural and slum populations) of low- and middle-income countries, and considered the implications of its take-up. Methods We utilised realist methodology. First, we undertook a scoping review of mobile health literature and searched for examples of mConsulting. Second, we formed our programme theories and identified potential benefits and hazards for deployment of mConsulting for poor and spatially marginalised populations. Finally, we tested our programme theories against existing frameworks and identified published evidence on how and why these benefits/hazards are likely to accrue. Results We identified the components of mConsulting, including their characteristics and range. We discuss the implications of mConsulting for poor and spatially marginalised populations in terms of competent care, user experience, cost, workforce, technology, and the wider health system. Conclusions For the many dimensions of mConsulting, how it is structured and deployed will make a difference to the benefits and hazards of its use. There is a lack of evidence of the impact of mConsulting in populations that are poor and spatially marginalised, as most research on mConsulting has been undertaken where quality healthcare exists. We suggest that mConsulting could improve access to quality healthcare for these populations and, with attention to how it is deployed, potential hazards for the populations and wider health system could be mitigated.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Investigating discharge communication for chronic disease patients in three hospitals in India.

Author: Claire Humphries, Suganthi Jaganathan, Jeemon Panniyammakal, Sanjeev Singh, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Malcolm Price, Paramjit Gill, Sheila Greenfield, Richard Lilford, and Semira Manaseki-Holland
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVES:Poor discharge communication is associated with negative health outcomes in high-income countries. However, quality of discharge communication has received little attention in India and many other low and middle-income countries. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:To investigate verbal and documented discharge communication for chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) patients. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between quality of discharge communication and health outcomes. METHODS: DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Three public hospitals in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states, India. PARTICIPANTS:546 chronic NCD (chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease or diabetes) patients. Piloted questionnaires were completed at admission, discharge and five and eighteen-week follow-up covering health status, discharge communication practices and health-seeking behaviour. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between quality of discharge communication and health outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES: PRIMARY:Patient recall and experiences of verbal and documented discharge communication. SECONDARY:Death, hospital readmission and self-reported deterioration of NCD/s. RESULTS:All patients received discharge notes, predominantly on sheets of paper with basic pre-printed headings (71%) or no structure (19%); 31% of notes contained all the following information required for facilitating continuity of care: diagnosis, medication information, lifestyle advice, and follow-up instructions. Patient reports indicated notable variations in verbal information provided during discharge consultations; 50% received ongoing treatment/management information and 23% received lifestyle advice. Within 18 weeks of follow-up, 25 (5%) patients had died, 69 (13%) had been readmitted and 62 (11%) reported that their chronic NCD/s had deteriorated. Significant associations were found between low-quality documented discharge communication and death (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.27,7.06) and low-quality verbal discharge communication and self-reported deterioration of chronic NCD/s (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.25,0.83) within 18-weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Sub-optimal discharge practices may be compromising continuity and safety of chronic NCD patient care. Structured protocols, documents and training are required to improve discharge communication, healthcare integration and NCD management.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Statin use and all-cause mortality in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Olalekan A. Uthman, Chidozie Nduka, Samuel I. Watson, Edward J. Mills, Andre P. Kengne, Shabbar S. Jaffar, Aileen Clarke, Tahereh Moradi, Anna-Mia Ekström, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Statin, HIV, Mortality, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background It is unknown whether statin use among people living with HIV results in a reduction in all-cause mortality. We aimed to evaluate the effect of statin use on all-cause mortality among people living with HIV. Methods We conducted comprehensive literature searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and cross-references up to April 2018. We included randomised, quasi-randomised trials and prospective cohort studies that examined the association between statin use and cardio-protective and mortality outcomes among people living with HIV. Two reviewers independently abstracted the data. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using empirical Bayesian random-effect meta-analysis. A number of sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results We included seven studies with a total of 35,708 participants. The percentage of participants on statins across the studies ranged from 8 to 35%. Where reported, the percentage of participants with hypertension ranged from 14 to 35% and 7 to 10% had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Statin use was associated with a 33% reduction in all-cause mortality (pooled HR = 0.67, 95% Credible Interval 0.39 to 0.96). The probability that statin use conferred a moderate mortality benefit (i.e. decreased risk of mortality of at least 25%, HR ≤ 0.75) was 71.5%. Down-weighting and excluding the lower quality studies resulted in a more conservative estimate of the pooled HR. Conclusion Statin use appears to confer moderate mortality benefits in people living with HIV.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Methods for medical device and equipment procurement and prioritization within low- and middle-income countries: findings of a systematic literature review

Author: Karin Diaconu, Yen-Fu Chen, Carole Cummins, Gabriela Jimenez Moyao, Semira Manaseki-Holland, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Medical devices, Prioritization, Resource allocation, Equipment, Health technology assessment, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Forty to 70 % of medical devices and equipment in low- and middle-income countries are broken, unused or unfit for purpose; this impairs service delivery to patients and results in lost resources. Undiscerning procurement processes are at the heart of this issue. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to August 2013 with no time or language restrictions to identify what product selection or prioritization methods are recommended or used for medical device and equipment procurement planning within low- and middle-income countries. We explore the factors/evidence-base proposed for consideration within such methods and identify prioritization criteria. Results We included 217 documents (corresponding to 250 texts) in the narrative synthesis. Of these 111 featured in the meta-summary. We identify experience and needs-based methods used to reach procurement decisions. Equipment costs (including maintenance) and health needs are the dominant issues considered. Extracted data suggest that procurement officials should prioritize devices with low- and middle-income country appropriate technical specifications – i.e. devices and equipment that can be used given available human resources, infrastructure and maintenance capacity. Conclusion Suboptimal device use is directly linked to incomplete costing and inadequate consideration of maintenance services and user training during procurement planning. Accurate estimation of life-cycle costing and careful consideration of device servicing are of crucial importance.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. A national quality improvement programme to improve survival after emergency abdominal surgery: the EPOCH stepped-wedge cluster RCT

Author: Carol J Peden, Tim Stephens, Graham Martin, Brennan C Kahan, Ann Thomson, Kirsty Everingham, David Kocman, Jose Lourtie, Sharon Drake, Alan Girling, Richard Lilford, Kate Rivett, Duncan Wells, Ravi Mahajan, Peter Holt, Fan Yang, Simon Walker, Gerry Richardson, Sally Kerry, Iain Anderson, Dave Murray, David Cromwell, Mandeep Phull, Mike PW Grocott, Julian Bion, and Rupert M Pearse
Subjects: STEPPED WEDGE CLUSTER RANDOMISED TRIAL, POSTOPERATIVE CARE, SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE/MORTALITY, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: Emergency abdominal surgery is associated with poor patient outcomes. We studied the effectiveness of a national quality improvement (QI) programme to implement a care pathway to improve survival for these patients. Objectives: The objectives were to assess whether or not the QI programme improves 90-day survival after emergency abdominal surgery; to assess effects on 180-day survival, hospital stay and hospital readmission; and to better understand these findings through an integrated process evaluation, ethnographic study and cost-effectiveness analysis. Design: This was a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. Hospitals were organised into 15 geographical clusters, and commenced the QI programme in random order over 85 weeks. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was analysed using a mixed-effects parametric survival model, adjusting for time-related effects. Ethnographic and economics data were collected in six hospitals. The process evaluation included all hospitals. Setting: The trial was set in acute surgical services of 93 NHS hospitals. Participants: Patients aged ≥ 40 years who were undergoing emergency abdominal surgery were eligible. Intervention: The intervention was a QI programme to implement an evidence-based care pathway. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was mortality within 90 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes were mortality within 180 days, length of hospital stay and hospital readmission within 180 days. The main economic measure was the quality-adjusted life-years. Data sources: Data were obtained from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit database; qualitative interviews and ethnographic observations; quality-of-life and NHS resource use data were collected via questionnaires. Results: Of 15,873 eligible patients from 93 NHS hospitals, primary outcome data were analysed for 8482 participants in the usual care group and 7374 in the QI group. The primary outcome occurred in 1393 participants in the usual care group (16%), compared with 1210 patients in the QI group (16%) [QI vs. usual care hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.28]. No differences were found in mortality at 180 days or hospital readmission; there was a small increase in hospital stay in the QI group (HR for discharge 0.90, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.97). There were only modest improvements in care processes following QI implementation. The ethnographic study revealed good QI engagement, but limited time and resources to implement change, affecting which processes teams addressed, the rate of change and eventual success. In some sites, there were challenges around prioritising the intervention in busy environments and in obtaining senior engagement. The intervention is unlikely to be cost-effective at standard cost-effectiveness thresholds, but may be cost-effective over the lifetime horizon. Limitations: Substantial delays were encountered in securing data access to national registries. Fewer patients than expected underwent surgery and the mortality rate was lower than anticipated. Conclusions: There was no survival benefit from a QI programme to implement a care pathway for patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. The modest impact of the intervention on process measures, despite good clinician engagement, may have been limited by the time and resources needed to improve patient care. Future work: Future QI programmes must balance intervention complexity with the practical realities of NHS services to ensure that such programmes can be delivered with the resources available. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN80682973 and The Lancet protocol 13PRT/7655. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 7, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Magnitude and modifiers of the weekend effect in hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Xavier Armoiry, Richard Lilford, Amunpreet Boyal, Julian Bion, Yen-Fu Chen, Caroline Higenbottam, Nicholas Cowley, Samuel Ian Watson, Carolyn Tarrant, Elizabeth Sutton, Chia-Wei Wu, Cassie P Aldridge, Amy Gosling, and Ranjna Basra
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: ObjectiveTo examine the magnitude of the weekend effect, defined as differences in patient outcomes between weekend and weekday hospital admissions, and factors influencing it.DesignA systematic review incorporating Bayesian meta-analyses and meta-regression.Data sourcesWe searched seven databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2000 to April 2015, and updated the MEDLINE search up to November 2017. Eligibility criteria: primary research studies published in peer-reviewed journals of unselected admissions (not focusing on specific conditions) investigating the weekend effect on mortality, adverse events, length of hospital stay (LoS) or patient satisfaction.ResultsFor the systematic review, we included 68 studies (70 articles) covering over 640 million admissions. Of these, two-thirds were conducted in the UK (n=24) or USA (n=22). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for weekend mortality effect across admission types was 1.16 (95% credible interval 1.10 to 1.23). The weekend effect appeared greater for elective (1.70, 1.08 to 2.52) than emergency (1.11, 1.06 to 1.16) or maternity (1.06, 0.89 to 1.29) admissions. Further examination of the literature shows that these estimates are influenced by methodological, clinical and service factors: at weekends, fewer patients are admitted to hospital, those who are admitted are more severely ill and there are differences in care pathways before and after admission. Evidence regarding the weekend effect on adverse events and LoS is weak and inconsistent, and that on patient satisfaction is sparse. The overall quality of evidence for inferring weekend/weekday difference in hospital care quality from the observed weekend effect was rated as ‘very low’ based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework.ConclusionsThe weekend effect is unlikely to have a single cause, or to be a reliable indicator of care quality at weekends. Further work should focus on underlying mechanisms and examine care processes in both hospital and community.Prospero registration numberCRD42016036487
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Characterisation of urban spaces from space: going beyond the urban versus rural dichotomy

Author: Richard Lilford, Olalekan John Taiwo, and João Porto de Albuquerque
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Investigating clinical handover and healthcare communication for outpatients with chronic disease in India: A mixed-methods study.

Author: Claire Humphries, Suganthi Jaganathan, Jeemon Panniyammakal, Sanjeev Singh, Shifalika Goenka, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Paramjit Gill, Sheila Greenfield, Richard Lilford, and Semira Manaseki-Holland
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: ObjectivesResearch concentrating on continuity of care for chronic, non-communicable disease (NCD) patients in resource-constrained settings is currently limited and focusses on inpatients. Outpatient care requires attention as this is where NCD patients often seek treatment and optimal handover of information is essential. We investigated handover, healthcare communication and barriers to continuity of care for chronic NCD outpatients in India. We also explored potential interventions for improving storage and exchange of healthcare information.MethodsA mixed-methods design was used across five healthcare facilities in Kerala and Himachal Pradesh states. Questionnaires from 513 outpatients with cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, or diabetes covered the form and comprehensiveness of information exchange between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and between HCPs and patients. Semi-structured interviews with outpatients and HCPs explored handover, healthcare communication and intervention ideas. Barriers to continuity of care were identified through triangulation of all data sources.ResultsAlmost half (46%) of patients self-referred to hospital outpatient clinics (OPCs). Patient-held healthcare information was often poorly recorded on unstructured sheets of paper; 24% of OPC documents contained the following: diagnosis, medication, long-term care and follow-up information. Just 55% of patients recalled receiving verbal follow-up and medication instructions during OPC appointments. Qualitative themes included patient preference for hospital visits, system factors, inconsistent doctor-patient communication and attitudes towards medical documents. Barriers were hospital time constraints, inconsistent referral practices and absences of OPC medical record-keeping, structured patient-held medical documents and clinical handover training. Patients and HCPs were in favour of the introduction of patient-held booklets for storing and transporting medical documents.ConclusionsDeficiencies in communicative practices are compromising the continuity of chronic NCD outpatient care. Targeted systems-based interventions are urgently required to improve information provision and exchange. Our findings indicate that well-designed patient-held booklets are likely to be an acceptable, affordable and effective part of the solution.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Computed tomographic colonography compared with colonoscopy or barium enema for diagnosis of colorectal cancer in older symptomatic patients: two multicentre randomised trials with economic evaluation (the SIGGAR trials)

Author: Steve Halligan, Edward Dadswell, Kate Wooldrage, Jane Wardle, Christian von Wagner, Richard Lilford, Guiqing L Yao, Shihua Zhu, and Wendy Atkin
Subjects: computed tomography, computed tomographic colonography, colonoscopy, barium enema, colorectal cancer, multicentre randomised trials, economic evaluation, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract: Background: Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a relatively new diagnostic test that may be superior to existing alternatives to investigate the large bowel. Objectives: To compare the diagnostic efficacy, acceptability, safety and cost-effectiveness of CTC with barium enema (BE) or colonoscopy. Design: Parallel randomised trials: BE compared with CTC and colonoscopy compared with CTC (randomisation 2 : 1, respectively). Setting: A total of 21 NHS hospitals. Participants: Patients aged ≥ 55 years with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (CRC). Interventions: CTC, BE and colonoscopy. Main outcome measures: For the trial of CTC compared with BE, the primary outcome was the detection rate of CRC and large polyps (≥ 10 mm), with the proportion of patients referred for additional colonic investigation as a secondary outcome. For the trial of CTC compared with colonoscopy, the primary outcome was the proportion of patients referred for additional colonic investigation, with the detection rate of CRC and large polyps as a secondary outcome. Secondary outcomes for both trials were miss rates for cancer (via registry data), all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, patient acceptability, extracolonic pathology and cost-effectiveness. Results: A total of 8484 patients were registered and 5384 were randomised and analysed (BE trial: 2527 BE, 1277 CTC; colonoscopy trial: 1047 colonoscopy, 533 CTC). Detection rates in the BE trial were 7.3% (93/1277) for CTC, compared with 5.6% (141/2527) for BE (p = 0.0390). The difference was due to better detection of large polyps by CTC (3.6% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.0098), with no significant difference for cancer (3.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.66). Significantly more patients having CTC underwent additional investigation (23.5% vs. 18.3%; p = 0.0003). At the 3-year follow-up, the miss rate for CRC was 6.7% for CTC (three missed cancers) and 14.1% for BE (12 missed cancers). Significantly more patients randomised to CTC than to colonoscopy underwent additional investigation (30% vs. 8.2%; p
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine--a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Yen-Fu Chen, George Bramley, Gemma Unwin, Dalvina Hanu-Cernat, Janine Dretzke, David Moore, Sue Bayliss, Carole Cummins, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundChronic migraine is a debilitating headache disorder that has significant impact on quality of life. Stimulation of peripheral nerves is increasingly being used to treat chronic refractory pain including headache disorders. This systematic review examines the effectiveness and adverse effects of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) for chronic migraine.MethodsDatabases, including the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and clinical trial registers were searched to September 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), other controlled and uncontrolled observational studies and case series (n≥ 10) were eligible. RCTs were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. Findings are presented in summary tables and forest plots.ResultsFive RCTs (total n=402) and seven case series (total n=115) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled results from three multicenter RCTs show that ONS was associated with a mean reduction of 2.59 days (95% CI 0.91 to 4.27, I2=0%) of prolonged, moderate to severe headache per month at 3 months compared with a sham control. Results for other outcomes generally favour ONS over sham controls but quantitative analysis was hampered by incomplete publication and reporting of trial data. Lead migration and infections are common and often require revision surgery. Open-label follow-up of RCTs and case series suggest long-term effectiveness can be maintained in some patients but evidence is limited.ConclusionsWhile the effectiveness of ONS compared to sham control has been shown in multiple RCTs, the average effect size is modest and may be exaggerated by bias as achieving effective blinding remains a methodological challenge. Further measures to reduce the risk of adverse events and revision surgery are needed.Systematic review registrationthis systematic review is an update and expanded work of part of a broader review registered with PROSPERO. Registration No. CRD42012002633.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Patients' & healthcare professionals' values regarding true- & false-positive diagnosis when colorectal cancer screening by CT colonography: discrete choice experiment.

Author: Darren Boone, Susan Mallett, Shihua Zhu, Guiqing Lily Yao, Nichola Bell, Alex Ghanouni, Christian von Wagner, Stuart A Taylor, Douglas G Altman, Richard Lilford, and Steve Halligan
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: To establish the relative weighting given by patients and healthcare professionals to gains in diagnostic sensitivity versus loss of specificity when using CT colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer screening.Following ethical approval and informed consent, 75 patients and 50 healthcare professionals undertook a discrete choice experiment in which they chose between "standard" CTC and "enhanced" CTC that raised diagnostic sensitivity 10% for either cancer or polyps in exchange for varying levels of specificity. We established the relative increase in false-positive diagnoses participants traded for an increase in true-positive diagnoses.Data from 122 participants were analysed. There were 30 (25%) non-traders for the cancer scenario and 20 (16%) for the polyp scenario. For cancer, the 10% gain in sensitivity was traded up to a median 45% (IQR 25 to >85) drop in specificity, equating to 2250 (IQR 1250 to >4250) additional false-positives per additional true-positive cancer, at 0.2% prevalence. For polyps, the figure was 15% (IQR 7.5 to 55), equating to 6 (IQR 3 to 22) additional false-positives per additional true-positive polyp, at 25% prevalence. Tipping points were significantly higher for patients than professionals for both cancer (85 vs 25, p
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

Author: Knight, Sr, Chu, K, Lapitan, Mc, Dare, Aj, Pius, R, Shaw, Ca, Drake, Tm, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, Ao, Adisa, Ao, Aguilera, Ml, Al-Saqqa, Sw, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, Bm, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, Cj, Fitzgerald, Je, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, Miv, Ingabire, Jca, Kingham, Tp, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, Ka, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Stephen, R Knight, Catherine, A Shaw, Riinu, Pius, Thomas, M Drake, Lisa, Norman, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Aneel, Bhangu, Bruce, M Biccard, Peter, Brocklehurst, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn, Chu, Anna, Dare, Muhammed, Elhadi, Cameron, J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv, Ghosh, James, Glasbey, Mark, I van Berge Henegouwen, C Allen Ingabire, J, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl, Lawani, Bettina, Lieske, Richard, Lilford, Janet, Martin, Kenneth, A McLean, Rachel, Moore, Dion, Morton, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya, Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana, Simões, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Hannah, Thomas, Thomas, G Weiser, Malcolm, West, John, Whitaker, Ewen, M Harrison, Arben, Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian, King, Erick, Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade, Waterman, Dominique, Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol, Sokolov, Venerand, Barendegere, Gerald, Ekwen, Arnav, Agarwal, Qinyang, Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques, Bake, Jakov, Mihanovic, Kamila, Kunčarová, Julius, Orhalmi, Hosni, Salem, Jyri, Teras, Aristotelis, Kechagias, Alexis, P Arnaud, Judith, Lindert, Vasileios, Kalles, Maria-Lorena, Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo, Recinos, Zsolt, Baranyai, Basant, Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip, Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Pramesh, C, Radhian, Amandito, Christina, Fleming, Luca, Ansaloni, Gianluca, Pellino, Ahmed, M Altibi, Ibrahim, Nour, Intisar, Hamdun, Ali, M Ghellai, Donatas, Venskutonis, Tomas, Poskus, Justas, Zilinskas, Precious, Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine, Borg, Sarah, Ellul, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David, W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron, Wells, Harissou, Adamou, Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, Adewale, Adisa, Kjetil, Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid, Alser, Haya, Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr, Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey, Litvin, Armen, Vardanyan, Ahmad, Gudal, Naif, Albati, Jovan, Juloski, Miran, Rems, Sarah, Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan, Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime, Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar, Homeida, Yucel, Cengiz, Daniel, Clerc, Muhammad, Alshaar, Hanen, Bouaziz, Yuksel, Altinel, Matthew, Doe, Maryna, Freigofer, Ella, Teasdale, Rakan, Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan, Ashfaq, Ijeoma, Azodo, Gabriela, Wagner, Ivan, Trostchansky, Mayaba, Maimbo, David, Linyama, Helidon, Nina, Amanda, Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago, Villalobos, Federico, Carballo, Pablo, Farina, Sebastian, Guckenheimer, Marilla, Dickfos, Ankit, Ajmera, Chester, Chong, Ralph, Gourlay, Sikandar, Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb, Majid, Peter, Martin, Rebecca, Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie, Phua, William, Ridley, Tarunpreet, Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen, Teh, Anna, Wells, Bharti, Arora, Qaasim, Dollie, Debbie, Ho, Yanru, Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony, Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan, Lim, Upuli, Pahalawatta, Jacqueline, Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea, Yeoh, Lillian, Charman, Andrew, Drane, Sharon, Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy, Mozes, Rita, Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen, Wall, Prakshi, Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal, Dhital, Brian, Draganic, Alexander, Duller, Jonathan, Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan, Mcmanus, Prakash, Nagappan, Peter, Pockney, Anya, Rugendyke, Mahsa, Sarrami, Stephen, Smith, Vanessa, Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey, Ye, Geoffrey, Zhang, Ethan, Brooker, Daniel, Feng, Bonnie, Lau, Carlin, Ngai, Sarah, Birks, David, Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali, Abbosh, Chris, Gillespie, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Bianca, Kwan, Joshua, Lawson, Andrea, Warwick, Janne, Bingham, Andrew, J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan, Ellaby-Hall, Ben, Finlay, Emily, Humphries, Jade, Pisaniello, Monique, Pisaniello, Salma, Salih, Tarik, Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola, Hayward, Kartik, Iyer, Guy, Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga, Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy, Yeo, Lucy, Hempenstall, Lily, Pham, Shaun, Purcell, Cherry, Talavera, Ashish, I Vaska, Gurpreet, Chaggar, Phillip, Chrapko, Annelise, Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame, Ctercteko, James, French, Houchen, Gong, Martijn, Gosselink, Thuvarahan, Jegathees, Ivan, Jin, Michelle, Kalachov, Kathryn, Kiefhaber, Katherine, Lee, Jason, Luong, Steven, Phan, Henry, Pleass, Kelly, Veale, Zhi, Zeng, Angela, Au, Ashe, Debiasio, Idy, Deng, Jananee, Myooran, Amrita, Nair, Peter, Stewart, Anton, Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin, Wimmer, Nabila, Ahmed, Syed, Hasan, Saber, Rahman, Margaret, O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Adrian, Peters, Pietro, Perduca, Guenda, Pulcina, Nicolas, Tinton, Frederic, Buxant, Elsa, Dabin, Giulia, Garofalo, Francis, Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako, Motlaleselelo, Omphile, Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia, Batashki, Nikolai, Damianov, Vladislav, Stoyanov, Dragomir, Dardanov, Svilen, Maslyankov, Plamen, Petkov, George, Todorov, Evgeni, Zhivkov, Aygulya, Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno, Genov, Ivelina, Ilieva, Tsvetomir, Ivanov, Martin, Karamanliev, Azhar, Khan, Emil, Mitkov, Tsanko, Yotsov, Boyko, Atanasov, Nikolay, Belev, Mihail, Slavchev, Carlos, Nsengiyumva, Elgan, Jones, Simon, Stock, Steve, Kyota, James, Brown, Tresor Mabanza, K, Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi, Otuneme, Ngwang, Prosper, Franklin, Umenze, Marylise, Boutros, Natasha, Caminsky, Sinziana, Dumitra, Richard, Garfinkle, Dominique, Morency, Ebram, Salama, Alexander, Banks, Lorenzo, Ferri, Haitian, He, Amit, Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis, Meterissian, Allison, Pang, Elena, Parvez, Usmaan, Hameed, Fahima, Osman, Sangita, Sequeira, Natalie, Coburn, Alisha, Jaffer, Paul, Karanicolas, Matthew, Mosseler, Reilly, Musselman, Xinyuan, Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina, Guzman, Sebastian, Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul, Camelo, Andrea, Gonzalez, Alejandro, González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe, Gonzalez, Andres, Isaza-Restrepo, Laura, Nino-Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin, Tsandiraki, Damir, Jemendžić, Branislav, Kocman, Oliver, Šuman, Renata, Canic, Darko, Jurišić, Ivana, Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka, Pitlovic, Josip, Samardžić, Mario, Kopljar, Ivan, Bacic, Edgar, Domini, Robert, Karlo, Danijela, Miljanić, Andrea, Simic, Mariam, Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya, Altaf, Talal, Amjad, Ruba, Eltoum, Heba, Haidar, Alhassan, Hassan, Omar, Khalil, Marwan, Qasem, Rommel, Ramesh, Gautham, Sajith, Maham, Wisal, Jan, Žatecký, Michele, Bujda, Katerina, Jirankova, Ales, Paclik, Aya, Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-Sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan, Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed, Fadel, Abdullah, Habater, Heba, Hamdy, Amr, Hefni, Marwa, Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed, Sayed, Nancy, Shaker, Ehab, Taha, Hoda, Tharwat, Omar, Zakaria, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Ali, Al-Dhufri, Hamza, S Al-Himyari, Enas El Sheikh, Asmaa, Eldmaty, Aya, Elkhalawy, Ahmed, M Elkhashen, Kithara, Magdy, Safa, Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh, Dina, Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud, A Nassar, Samar, Abdelhady, Aly, Abdelrazek, Israa, Abdelsalam, Aya, El-Sawy, Eman, Essam, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Khaled, Ghaly, Mohamed, Hassabalnaby, Rana, Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed, Sabry, Menatalla, Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El Soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala, Borham, Nehal, Elmeslemany, Mohammad, Elsayed, Fawzia, Elsherif, Sara, Eslam, Gehad, Gaber, Sondos, Ibrahim, Yara, Kamh, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud, Shimaa Gamal Mohamed, Eman, Morshedy, Cinderella, Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza, Abdelkawy, Naglaa, Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Ahmed, Dahy, Norhan, Gamal, Mohammed, Gamal, Ahmad, Hasan, Helal, Hetta, Nehad, Mousa, Mohamed, Omar, Somia, Rabie, Mahmoud, Saad, Bakeer, Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad, Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa, Alnoury, Mohamed, Elbealawy, Ahmed, Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah, Ghonaim, Fawzy, Hgag, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Mahmoud, Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed, Refaat, Hadeer, Samir, Fatma, Shahien, Mohamed, Sobhy, Fathy, Sroor, Esraa, Abdellatif, Marina, Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman, Afifi, Marco, Antaky, Amr, Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira, El-Remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed, Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar, Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak, Munir, Omar, Shazly, Esraa, Taha, Karim, Wilson, Sawsan, Adel, Asmaa, Ali, Esraa, Eid, Esraa, Elhelow, Marwa, Elmahdy, Bassant, Elshatby, Amany Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Ahmad, Hossny, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, M Yonis, Maram, Metwalli, Basant, Yousry, Esraa, Zid, Mina, A Yacoub, Ahmed, Abdelhakim, Nervana, Abouelsoad, Mo'Min, Alkhatib, Ahmed, Ashraf, Alaa, Ashraf, Yasmin, Elazab, Mahmoud, Elfanty, Osama, Elkabir, Mai, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elshimy, Hager, Elsobky, John, Eskander, Ahmed, Gad, Ward, Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna, Magdy, Dalia, Moharam, Abeer, Osama, Shereen, Ramadan, Radwa, Roum, Taqwa, Sayed, Tarneem, Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid, Abbas, Amr, Ali, Mohamed, Attia, Mohamed, Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed, Elfallal, Hossam, Elfeki, Ahmed, Elkhadragy, Sameh, Emile, Helmy, Ezzat, Hasnaa, Hosni, Islam, Mansour, Waleed, Omar, Gehad, Othman, Kareem, Sadek, Mostafa, Shalaby, Noura, Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas Khalifa, Helmy, Badr, Mostafa, Eldeep, Ahmed, Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky Mohammed, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia, Mahmoud, Pola, Mikhail, Mahmoud, Morsi, Sara, Mowafy, Dina, Raafat, Amina, Safy, Marwa, Sera, Ahmed Shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad, Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber, Ahmed, Shireen, Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim Negm, Mina, Lapic, Ahmed, Maher, Hagar, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Mostafa, Mohamed, Samir, Fatma, Samy, Nourhan, Semeda, Hind, I Shalaby, Alaa, El-Taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed, Hussein, Ahmed, A Kandil, Moawad, Mf, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa, Soliman, Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy, Abdou, Khalid, Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman, Emara, Mohamed, Hamdy, Omar, Hamdy, Amira, Haron, Salma, Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed, Nassar, Basel, Refky, Mirna, Sadek, Mahmoud, Saleh, Asmaa, Yunes, Mai, Zakaria, Mohammed, Zuhdy, Notila, Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander, Kütner, Priit, Melnik, Indrek, Seire, Toomas, Ümarik, Eppu, Ainoa, Verner, Eerola, Hanna, Koppatz, Laura, Koskenvuo, Ville, Sallinen, Sini, Takala, Jevgeni, Katunin, Arto, Turunen, Niki, Christou, Muriel, Mathonnet, Vincent, Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie, Soulabaille, Romain, Lesourd, Aude, Merdrignac, Laurent, Sulpice, Benoît, André, Elodie, Chantalat, Charlotte, Vaysse, Bertrand, Dousset, Sebastien, Gaujoux, Gregory, Martin, Octavian, Clonda, Domantas, Juodis, Klaus, Kienle, Andras, Mravik, Samuel, Palmer, Gabor, Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon, Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu, Naabo, Atta Owusu Senior, Joseph, Yorke, Frank, Owusu, Francis, Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed, Sheriff, Paul, M Wondoh, Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Georgios, Gkiokas, Eirini, Pantiora, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Argyrios, Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Konstantinidis, Sofia, Konstantinidou, Nikolaos, Machairas, Anna, Paspala, Anastasia, Prodromidou, Christos, Chouliaras, Konstantinos, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Mamaloudis, George, Tzovaras, Ioanna, Akrida, Maria-Ioanna, Argentou, Stylianos, Germanos, Evangelos, Iliopoulos, Ioannis, Maroulis, George, Skroubis, George, Theofanis, Christos, Chatzakis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Lydia, Loutzidou, Panagiotis, Karathanasis, Nikolaos, Michalopoulos, Charalampos, Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios, Theodorou, Tania, Triantafyllou, Zoe, Garoufalia, Natasha, Hasemaki, Michalis, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Stylianos, Kykalos, Theodore, Liakakos, Eustratia, Mpaili, Alexandros, Papalampros, Dimitrios, Schizas, Athanasios, Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios, Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini, Deskou, Dimitrios, K Manatakis, Dimitrios, Papageorgiou, Menelaos, Zoulamoglou, Christos, Anthoulakis, Michalis, Margaritis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Veronica, Campo, André, Ceballos, Mario-Andrés, Flores, Waleska, Giron, Donghyun, Ko, Gabriel, Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly, Rueda, Andres, Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia, Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo, Echeverria-Davila, Mario, Garcia, Danilo, García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega, José, Nery, Mazariegos, Diego, Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David, Bardos, Marton, Benke, Kristof, Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka, Szabó, Akhila, Appukuttan, Anjitha, Asok, D K, Vijaykumar, Kapil, Malik, Praveen, Ravishankaran, Ritesh, Tapkire, Guru, Moorthy, Joyner, Abraham, Ramesh, Muthuvel, John, Alapatt, Abhay, Kattepur, Nizamudheen, Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor, Garod, Caleb, Harris, Cliff, Wanniang, Ashish, Gupta, Deepak, Nehra, Sanjeev, Parshad, Rajgopal, Acharya, Rajendra, Badwe, Manish, Bhandare, Urvashi, Jain, Karishma, Kirti, Nita, Nair, Shailesh, Shrikhande, Purvi, Thakkar, Premkumar, Anandan, C S, Archana, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi, Jagarlamudi, M R, Rashmi, Mallikarjuna, Manangi, Abhishek, Raghavendra, K Seshagiri Rao, Vinay, S, Vinay, Sajjan, Aneesh, Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya, Tharanath, Sushmita, V, Peter, Adidharma, Raksheeth, Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew, Billy, Zatira, Elfizri, Alessa, Fahira, Devi, Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya, Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti, Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi, Winoto, Nastaran, Barati, Manoochehr, Karami, Hamidreza, Khorshidi, Homa, Naderifar, Mazin, A Abdulla, Maggie, Coleman, Ronan, J Doherty, Rob, Hannon, Brenda, Murphy, Aine, Stakelum, Des, Winter, Lylas, Aljohmani, Richard, Farnan, Yeshey, Seldon, Tanna, Tan, Shriya, Varghese, Mohammad, Alherz, Muaaz, Ather, Mohammad, Bajilan, Vivien, Graziadei, Isobel, Pilkington, Omar, Quidwai, Paul, Ridgway, Haaris, Shiwani, Abd Al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear, Blunnie, Daniel, Burke, Niall, Kennedy, Kate, Macdonagh, Maeve, O'Neill, Siobhan, Rooney, Giuseppe, Falco, Guglielmo, Ferrari, Simone, Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara, Ugoletti, Maurizio, Zizzo, Gianmaria, Confalonieri, Giovanni, Pesenti, Fulvio, Tagliabue, Gianluca, Baronio, Deborah, Ongaro, Giacomo, Pata, Bruno, Compagnoni, Renato, Salvadori, Lucio, Taglietti, Nicola, D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni, Pascale, Luca, Bortolasi, Tommaso, Campagnaro, Massimo, Carlini, Giorgio, Lisi, Davide, Lombardi, Corrado, Pedrazzani, Domenico, Spoletini, Giulia, Turri, Paola, Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio, Aquilino, Nicola, Musa, Vincenzo, Papagni, Arcangelo, Picciariello, Leonardo, Vincenti, Dario, Andreotti, Savino, Occhionorelli, Matteo, Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano Basso, Paolo, Ubiali, Riccardo, Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele, Picone, Rosa, Scaramuzzo, Giovanni, Sinibaldi, Alfonso, Amendola, Lorenzo, Anastasio, Luigi, Bucci, Emanuele, Caruso, Antonio, Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni, Esposito, Maria, Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano, Luglio, Andrea, Manfreda, Ester, Marra, Federica, Mastella, Gianluca, Pagano, Roberto, Peltrini, Vincenzo, Pepe, Michele, Sacco, Viviana, Sollazzo, Giovanni, Spiezio, Ettore, Cianchetti, Nunzia, Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino, Spinelli, Fabio, Corsi, Luca, Sorrentino, Fabio, Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi, Bonavina, Emanuele, Rausa, Martina, Asta, Andrea, Belli, Francesco, Bianco, Carmela, Cervone, Paolo, Delrio, Armando, Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita, Guarino, Ugo, Pace, Daniela, Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano, Gallo, Giuseppe, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sena, Giuseppina, Vescio, Letizia, Santandrea, Giampaolo, Ugolini, Davide, Zattoni, Nicola, Chetta, Gaetano, Logrieco, Serafino, Vanella, Gianluca, Garulli, Nicola, Zanini, Andrea, Bondurri, Francesco, Cammarata, Francesco, Colombo, Diego, Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna, Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'Ona, Yakushkina, Gloria, Zaffaroni, Enrico, Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony, Impellizzeri, Marco, Inama, Gianluigi, Moretto, Sylvie, Mochet, Elisa, Ponte, Antonella, Usai, Stefano, Mancini, Andrea, Sagnotta, Luigi, Solinas, Elisa, Bolzonaro, Nicolò, Tamini, Gianluca, Curletti, Raffaele, Galleano, Michele, Malerba, Sofia, Campanella, Gianfranco, Cocorullo, Francesco, Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò, Falco, Tommaso, Fontana, Leonel Jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo, Licari, Brenda, Randisi, Giovanna, Rizzo, Giulia, Rotolo, Giuseppe, Salamone, Roberta, Tutino, Paolina, Venturelli, Stefano, Malabarba, Alessandro, Sgrò, Ivan, Vella, Bruno, Cirillo, Daniele, Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco, Lapolla, Andrea, Mingoli, Paolo, Sapienza, Angela, Belvedere, Stefania, Bianchini, Margherita, Binetti, Arianna, Birindelli, Valeria, Tonini, Mauro, Podda, Fabio, Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo, Bono, Felice, Borghi, Paolo, Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado, Lauro, Alessandra, Marano, Luca, Pellegrino, Paola, Salusso, Diego, Sasia, Michela, Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario, Trompetto, Roberto, Cardia, Nicola, Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio, Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca, Turati, Silvestro, Canonico, Sciaudone, Guido, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Selvaggi, Nader, Albsoul, Ahmad, Albsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama, Alsallaq, Justin, Z Amarin, Rami, Ayoub, Isam, Bsisu, S El Muhtaseb, M, Mohammad, Jabaiti, Jamal, Melhem, Yasmeen, Z Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad, Suleihat, Haya, H Suradi, Mohammad, Alammarin, Almoutuz, Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani Hani, Zeina Bani Hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa, Fahmawee, Shadi, Hamouri, Cyrine, Katanani, Ra'Fat, Tawalbeh, Tamara, Tawalbeh, Hassan, Zawahrah, Mohamad, K Abou Chaar, Lana, Abusalem, Mahmoud, Al-Masri, Hani, Al-Najjar, Lutfi, Barghuthi, Zahra, Ahmed, Adnan, Maulana, Omar, Ngotho, Charbel, Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah, Bosire, Elizabeth, Mwachiro, Robert, Parker, Ian, Simel, Kimutai, Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian, Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed, Gwea, Ans, Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab, Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej, Abo-Khammash, Ma'Aly, Abuhlaiga, Nour, Adnan, Marwa, Albaggar, Asma, Alfitory, Asma, Aljanfi, Fakhruddin, Almuzghi, Zohoor, Altumei, Fatima, Alzabti, Hana, Ashoushan, Mohamed, Assalhi, Joma, Azzubia, Sondos, Bnhameida, Malik, Delhen, Houssein, Elshafei, Hana, Elteir, Fatima, Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma, Hamouda, Hamdan, Hilan, Rania, Ismail, Fieruz, Jebran, Muataz, Kasbour, Galia, Maderi, Saja, Mohammad, Burooj, Mohammed, Habib, Murtadi, Hamassat, Mustafa, Mohamed, Rajab, Sarah, Trenba, Mariam, Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas, Almigheerbi, Ahmed, Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud, Elshaibani, Haitem, Eswaye, Maha, Karar, Samah, Omar, Eman, Younes, Maha, Younes, Dafer, Zreeg, Saleh, Abujamra, Firas, Ashour, Mala, Elgammudi, Wesal Omar, F Aljadidi, Enas, Saddouh, Randa, Sharif, Aya, Alabuzidi, Abdulmawlay, Alwerfally, Sarra, Aribi, Fatma, Bibas, Taha, Elfaituri, Yasmine, Elhajjaji, Ala, Khaled, Wegdan, Khalil, Tesneem, Layas, Enas, Soula, Ahmed, Tarek, Muad Fathi Khalleefah Abu Hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa, Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed, Elhadi, Safa, Elrais, Abdulhalim, Shebani, Heba, Zarti, Asaid, Zeiton, Marijus, Ambrazevicius, Nerijus, Kaselis, Migle, Stakyte, Oleg, Aliosin, Agne, Cizauskaite, Sarunas, Dailidenas, Vitalijus, Eismontas, Migle, Kybransiene, Vitalija, Nutautiene, Narimantas, Samalavicius, Dainius, Simcikas, Algirdas, Slepavicius, Albinas, Tamosiunas, Nerijus, Ubartas, Paulius, Zeromskas, Saulius, Bradulskis, Edvinas, Dainius, Juozas, Juočas, Egle, Kubiliute, Juozas, Kutkevičius, Aurimas, Opolskis, Audrius, Parseliunas, Andrejus, Subocius, Egle, Virbickaite, Diana, Zuikyte, Algirdas, Bogusevicius, Kristina, Buzaite, Daiva, Čepuliené, Ieva, Cesleviciene, Vaidotas, Cesna, Jolanta, Gribauskaite, Povilas, Ignatavicius, Mantas, Jokubauskas, Monika, Liugailaitè, Ernest, Margelis, Ruta, Mazelyte, Lina, Pankratjevaitè, Matas, Pažusis, Agne, Rackeviciute, Justina, Saladyte, Monika, Škimelytè, Vygintas, Šlenfuktas, Monika, Sudeikyte, Algimantas, Tamelis, Tomas, Vanagas, Žygimantas, Žumbakys, Aivaras, Atkociunas, Audrius, Dulskas, Justas, Kuliavas, Justas, Birutis, Sigitas, Paškevičius, Mindaugas, Šatkauskas, Donatas, Danys, Matas, Jakubauskas, Lina, Jakubauskiene, Marius, Kryzauskas, Vytautas, Lipnickas, Gabija, Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo, Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel, Banda, Vanessa, Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre, Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari, Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, G Lingeshan, P, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan, Kadravello, I-Ern, Koh, Li-Yen, Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami, Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita, Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi, Zakaria, Fitjerald, Henry, Thyivya, Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng, Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary, Busuttil, Thomas, Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth, Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph, Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth, Gatt, Lisa, Kelman, Elizabeth, Micallef, Favour, Nwolu, Kim, Sammut, Joanna, Thompson, Sean, Warwicker, Matthew, Zammit, Fernando, Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge, Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez Del Valle, Eric, Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla, Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura, Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando, Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro, Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel, Solano-Genesta, Alethia, Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto, Medina-Franco, Lorelí, Mejía-Fernández, Noel, Salgado-Nesme, Omar, Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae, Benyaiche, Oumaima, Outani, Souadka, Amine, Amine, Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf, Mohsine, Ali, Rafik, Thida, Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp, Plarre, Anna, Alberga, Nina, Sluiter, Jurriaan, Tuynman, Robin, Blok, Didem, Cömert, Roel, Hompes, Marianne, Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter, Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan, Wisselink, Michael, Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma, Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone, Stoots, Stijn, Vlek, Jamie, Adams, Ibrahim, S Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle, Budd, Seung Il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag, Ganugapati, Lucy, Mckinstry, Rebecca, Pascoe, Simon, Richards, Kenrick, Rosser, Annie, Stevenson, Rebecca, White, Shebani, Farik, Jin, Kwun, Ahmed, Murad, Sarah, Cowan, Timothy, Hall, Michael, Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou, Habou, Halima, Aliyu, Muhammad, Daniyan, Tunde, T Sholadoye, Lawal, Abdullahi, Lofty-John, Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim, Suleiman, Alaba, Adesina, Ajibola, Awolowo, Clement, Onuoha, Omotayo, Salami, Ogechukwu, Taiwo, Agboola, Taiwo, Stephen, Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma, Sale, Olajide, Abiola, Akinlabi, Ajao, Anthony, Ajiboye, Amarachukwu, Etonyeaku, Julius, Olaogun, Ademola, Adebanjo, Opeoluwa, Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju, Balogun, Ayomide, Makanjuola, Samuel, Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale, Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid, Adesunkanmi, Augustine, Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode, Arowolo, Oladejo, Lawal, Tajudeen, Mohammed, Chinedu, Ndegbu, Olalekan, Olasehinde, Funmilola, Wuraola, Akinbolaji, Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu, Mosanya, Omobolaji, Ayandipo, Peter, Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen, Garba, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Samson, Olori, Henry, Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi, Umoke, Adedire, Adenuga, Ademola, Adeyeye, Olufemi, Habeeb, Bashir, Lawal, Abdulrasheed, Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik, Kjønås, Elisabeth, Myrseth, Jibran, Abbasy, Abdul, Alvi, Omair, Saleem, Asma, Afzal, Anam, Nazir, Muhammad, Farooq, Ayesha, Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali, Raza, Muzna, Sarfraz, Muhammad, Sarwar, Muntaha, Banglani, Ambreen, Munir, Rahmat, Sehrish, Bushra, Ayub, Raza, Sayyed, Amna, Altaf, Saima, Ayub, Komal, Saeed, Bilal, Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid, Khattak, Sameen, Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman, Shahzad, Tanwir, Khaliq, Isbah, Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad, Alqadi, Adham, Amro, Rawan, Assa, Eman, Awesat, Rawan, Ayyad, Mohammed, Hammad, Ayat, Haymony, Bassel, Hijazi, Bara, Hmeidat, Rowaa, Lahaseh, Aseel, Qawasmi, Alaa, Rajabi, Mohammed, Shehada, Sundus, Shkokani, Yasmine, Yaghi, Nadine, Yaghi, Mohammad, Alzohour, Mohammad, Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam, Juba, Yanal, Nubani, Abdelrahman, Rabee, Mohammad, Sa'Deh, Saeed, Abed, Iyad Al Basos, Mohammad, Alswerki, Dina, Ashour, Israa, Awad, Samar, Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar, El-Kahlout, Somaya, Elhout, Ahmed N, K Hajjaj, Doaa, Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed, Obaid, Eman, Saikaly, Ahmed, Salhi, Hiba, Al-Tammam, Murad, Almasri, Muath, Baniowda, Doha, Beshtawi, Ali, Horoub, Rami, Misk, Bayan, Mohammad, Rami, Qasrawi, Tasnim, Sholi, Samar, Abu-Nimeh, Abrar, Abu-Srour, Sadi, A Abukhalaf, Samer, Adawi, Barah, Alsalameh, Kholoud, Ayesh, Muawiyah, Elqadi, Ahmad, Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie, Marzouqa, Shatha, Melhem, Dima, Miqdad, Balqees, Mohamad, Mhammed, Rawhi, Ayman, B Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar, Al-Shwaikh, Othman, Alagha, Mohammed, Alasttal, Haneen, Awadallah, Mahmood, Elblbessy, Jehad, Fares, Akram, Jarbou, Ibtisam, Mahfouz, Moath, A Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo Mahadi, Hasan, Abuelhatal, Ayham, Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman, Almoqayyad, Abdallah, Alwali, Reem, Balaawi, Mahmoud, Hamouda, Mohammed, Humeid, Abdullah, Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Ghadeer, Matar, Ali, Salem, Tahani, Samra, Nureddin, Shaheen, Karam, Shihada, Ayoob, A Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed, R Abu-Rous, Nada, Alfarra, Mohammed, Altaweel, Noor, Alwhaidi, Ramadan, Hamed, Bader, Saqqa, Ahmad, Shaheen, Dana, Aljaber, Loay, Aljaberi, Malak, Alwaheidi, Assef, Jawaada, Hani, Khaldi, Rami, Qahoush, Jalil, Qari, Rana, Saadeh, Ahlam, Salim, Aseel, Yacoub, Abbas, Abbas, Rana Abu Shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud, Abusirrees, Basheer, Babaa, Ola, Barhoush, Asef Belal Qadomi, Laith, Daraghmeh, Reema, Haji, Alaa, Khatatbeh, Lana, Khatib, Salsabeel, Qarariah, Yara, Quzmar, Khalil, Safadi, Roqaya, Salameh, Mohammad, Hassan, Shifaa, Herzallah, Loai, Massad, Ahmed, Nazzal, Ranin, Nazzal, Dennis, Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain, V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente, Cuba, Walter, Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego, Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María, Vergara, Sol, Abarca, Rodrigo, Alcorta, Giuliano, Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella, Marrufo, Cinthya, Mogrovejo, Andrea, Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela, Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea Vera, Miguel, Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve, Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela, Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel, Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah, Mangahas, Kenneth, Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej, Chroł, Paula, Franczak, Michał, Orłowski, Piotr, Budzyński, Andrzej, Budzyński, Pawel, Bury, Agata, Czerwińska, Jadwiga, Dworak, Jacek, Dziedzic, Michał, Kisielewski, Jan, Kulawik, Anna, Lasek, Piotr, Małczak, Marcin, Migaczewski, Michał, Pędziwiatr, Magdalena, Pisarska, Dorota, Radkowiak, Mateusz, Rubinkiewicz, Anna, Rzepa, Tomasz, Skoczylas, Maciej, Stanek, Katarzyna, Truszkiewicz, Mateusz, Wierdak, Marek, Winiarski, Piotr, Zarzycki, Anna, Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr, Kowalewski, Rafał, Roszkowski, Maciej, Walędziak, Miguel, Tomé, Sara, Patrocinio, Ines, Guerreiro, Filipe, Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno, Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela, Morgado, Christian, Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice, Pimentel, Sofia, Silva, Márcia, Carvalho, Lúcia, Carvalho, Joana, Magalhães, Leonor, Matos, Tânia, Monteiro, Carlota, Ramos, Vanessa, Santos, José, Barbosa, Jose, Costa-Maia, Vítor, Devezas, Ana, Fareleira, Cristina, Fernandes, Diana, Gonçalves, Henrique, Mora, Marina, Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana, Logrado, André, Tojal, Edgar, Amorim, Miguel, F Cunha, Ana, Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo, Veiga, José, Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana, Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara, Gama, Diana, Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça, E Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita, Lourenço, Diana, Matos, Luis, Castro, Filipa, Policarpo, Joana, Romano, Cristina, Monteiro, Diogo, Pinto, Marina, Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline, Oliveira, Diogo, Galvão, Lisandra, Martins, Anaisa, Silva, Viorel, Taranu, Bárbara, Vieira, Jessica, Neves, Simone, Oliveira, Hugo, Ribeiro, Margarida, Cinza, Rosa, Felix, Arnaldo, Machado, Joana, Oliveira, Joana, Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário, Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina, Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana, Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia, Ferreira, Hugo, Capote, Daniela, Rosado, Filipa, Taré, Oriana, Nogueira, Miguel, Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia, Guimarães, João, Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta, Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines, Capunge, Marta, Fragoso, João, Guimarães, Bruno, Pinto, João, Ribeiro, Miguel, Angel, Guilherme, Fialho, Monica, Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo, Cardoso, Vasco, Cardoso, Magda, Alves, Inês, Estalagem, Tiago, Louro, Cláudia, Marques, Rita, Martelo, Miguel, Morgado, Rita, Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro, Martins, Mariana, Peyroteo, João, Gomes, Rita, Monteiro, Manuela, Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita, Peixoto, Catarina, Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora, Melo, André, Pacheco, Valter, Paixão, Vera, Pedro, Joana, Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana, Rocha, Mircea, Beuran, Cezar, Ciubotaru, Bogdan, Diaconescu, Sorin, Hostiuc, Ionut, Negoi, Bogdan, Stoica, Evgeny, Anokhin, Georgy, Kuznetsov, Giorgi, Oganezov, Fedor, Paramzin, Ekaterina, Romanova, Valeryan, Rutkovskii, Vasilii, Rutkovskii, Mikhail, Shushval, Mikhail, Zabiyaka, Khasan, Dzhumabaev, Valerii, Ivanov, Zaman, Mamedli, Sergey, Achkasov, Artem, Balkarov, Elnur, Nabiev, Marat, Nagudov, Evgeny, Rybakov, Karina, Saifutdinova, Oleg, Sushkov, Lule, Joseph, Isaac, Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J, P Nsengimana, Carine, Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf, Akeel, Murad, Aljiffry, Kholoud, Awaji, Ali, Farsi, Ghader, Jamjoum, Ahmad, Khoja, Ashraf, Maghrabi, Nadim, Malibary, Mohammed, Nassif, Abdulaziz, Saleem, Abdullah, Sultan, Wail, Tashkandi, Hanaa, Tashkandi, Nora, Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane, Ndong, Vladica, Cuk, Uroš, Janković, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick, Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean, Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala, Prakash, Jan, Grosek, Gregor, Norcic, Ales, Tomazic, Nicolas, Fitchat, Robert, Jaich, Devorah, Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella, Baiocchi, Damian, Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon, Bannister, Adam, Boutall, Galya, Chinnery, Anna, Coccia, Angela, Dell, Parveen, Karjiker, Christo, Kloppers, Nicholas, Loxton, Tumi, Mabogoane, Francois, Malherbe, Eugenio, Panieri, Shreya, Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire, Warden, E Madiba, T, Nivashen, Pillay, Savannah, Brooks, Charlise, Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana, Gool, Maahir, Kariem, Heather, Bougard, Nazmie, Kariem, Fazlin, Noor, Reantha, Pillay, Leandi, Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula, Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel, Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo, Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme, Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta, Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge, L Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena, Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria, Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta, Jimenez, Dacil, Montesdeoca, Antonio, Navarro-Sánchez, Victor, Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira, Gómez, Carlos, Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario, Montes-Manrique, Mario, Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria, Argudo, Miguel, Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio, Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina, Bosch, Luis, García-Catalá, Luis, Sánchez-Guillén, Eva, Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga, Morató, Carles, Olona, Beatriz, Diéguez, Alexander, Forero-Torres, Manuel, Losada, Segundo, Gomez-Abril, Paula, Gonzálvez, Rosario, Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen, Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma, Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines, Rubio-Perez, Aitor, Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David, Abelló, Matteo, Frasson, Alvaro, Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane, Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz, Nozal, Javier, Ripollés-Melchor, Rut, Salvachúa, Esther, Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio, L Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik, Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal, Poch, Montserrat, Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Eloy, Espin-Basany, Martin, Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh, Chandrasinghe, Sumudu, Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed, A Adam, Nina, Blomme, Anders, Thorell, Fredrik, Wogensen, Andreas, Älgå, Dhirar, Ansarei, Fuat, Celebioglu, Göran, Heinius, Linda, Nigard, Emil, Pieniowski, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Ida, Björklund, Andreas, Frånberg, Martina, Håkansson, Karin, Adamo, Oskar, Franklin, Malin, Sund, Rebecca, Wiberg, Yvette, Andersson, Abbas, Chabok, Maziar, Nikberg, Alexander, Kugelberg, Claudia, Canonica, Dimitrios, Christoforidis, Fabrizio, Fasolini, Paolo, Gaffuri, Mauro, Giuliani, Francesco, Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia, Pozza, Wiebke, Wandschneider, Lorenz, Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd, Zimmermann, Panagiotis, Bakoleas, Iris, Chanousi, Lydia, Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska, Heid, Sotirios, Ntaoulas, Michail, Outos, Georgios, Peros, Hanna, Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian, Zielasek, Nicolas, Demartines, Jérôme, Gilgien, Amaniel, Kefleyesus, Pénélope, St-Amour, Arnaud, Toussaint, Maryam, Alhimyar, Bayan, Alsaid, Amr, Alyafi, Ahmad, Alkhaledi, Basel, Kouz, Ahmad, Omarain, Yusra, Al-Sabbagh, Haya, Alkhatib, Samer, Sara, Ahmad, Alhaj, Aghyad, Danial, Lama, Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen, Monawar, Louei, Nahas, Barook, Abd, Ahmad, Saad, Habib, Wakkaf, Hatem, Bouzaiene, Montassar, Ghalleb, Elif, Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur, Atakul, Ege, Baltaci, Sevval, Besli, Gökçen, Burgu, Ulukan, Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper, Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin, Gündoğdu, Merve, Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan, Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer, Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur, Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba, Banaz, Kübra, Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan, Yanikoğlu, Merve, Yeşilsancak, Duygu, Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet, Rencuzogullari, Arda, Isik, Sezai, Leventoğlu, Ali, Yalçinkaya, Osman, Yüksel, Mustafa, U Kalayci, Yasin, Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp, Akin, Gökçe Nur Alemdağ, Ekin, Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan, Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem, Cihanyurdu, Oğuz, Erkul, Burak, Gül, Ali, Guner, Beyza, Köse, Anil, Semiz, Şule, Sevim, Serkan, Tayar, Kadir, Tomas, Ozan Yavuz Tüfek, Serdar, Türkyilmaz, Mehmet, Uluşahin, Arif, Usta, Reyyan, Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur, Varol, Busenur, Kirimtay, Muhammed, Uysal, Alp, Yildiz, Emin, Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif, Çolak, Huseyin, Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat, Yemez, Herman, Lule, Mumbere, Bienfait, Emmanuel, Bua, Noella, Okalany, Maksym, Basarab, Oleksii, Bielosludtsev, Kateryna, Kolhanova, Kateryna, Perepelytsia, Kateryna, Romanukha, Dmytro, Savenkov, Stanislav, Siryi, Maksym, Tereshchenko, Nezamai, Viacheslav, Anton, Volovetskyi, Andrey, Kebkalo, Yegor, Tryliskyy, Volodimir, Tyselskiy, Eilidh, Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma, Iddles, Sarah, Mcguckin, Nicola, Newall, George, Ramsay, Parivrudh, Sharma, Caitlin, Stewart, Jeremy, Wong, Abdul, Badran, Michael, Bath, Fanny, Belais, Eman, Butt, Kaustuv, Joshi, Milan, Kapur, Mike, Shaw, Adam, Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy, Gray, Robert, Greig, Mansoor, Husain, Elspeth, Murray, Ahmed, Mustafa, Ashar, Asif, Arya, Gokul, Max, Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros, Charalabopoulos, Sophie, Davidson, Sinead, Mcnally, Shamil, Rupani, Fatema, Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura, Muirhead, Kate, Sellars, Una, Walsh, Oliver, Warren, Alice, Chambers, Richard, Hunt, Stephen, Boyce, Hannah, Cornwall, Isabel, Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola, Eardley, Meical, Povey, Joanna M, S Aithie, Ahmer, Irfan, Mari-Claire, Mcguigan, Robert, Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess, Archibald, Georgia, Kirby, Ivan, Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel, Lee, Dana, Photiou, Rowan, Davis, Uday, Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan, Bird, Edmund, Leung, Virginia, Summerour, Chelise, Currow, Jianshen, Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha, Muthusami, Ibifunke, Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas, Urbonas, Joseph, Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras, Smolskas, Alex, Boddy, Gianpiero, Gravante, David, Hunter, David, Andrew, Amanda, Koh, Amari, Thompson, Lawrence, Adams, Hollie, A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia, Ekpete, Seraj, Haque, Scott, Henderson, Bilal, Ibrahim, Thummini, Jayasinghe, Jennifer, Livie, Keir, Mailley, Gopikrishnan, Nair, Daniel, Tan, Caitlin, Baggaley, Aleksander, Dawidziuk, Bartosz, Szyszka, Charlotte, Barter, Nirav, Gandhi, Karen, Hassell, Samantha, Hitchin, Jennett, Kelsall, Eva, Nagy, Ashrafun, Nessa, Lisa, Whisker, Fady, Yanni, Mahmoud, Ali, Deeksha, Arora, Sunanda, Hediwattege, Navam, Kumarasinghe, Munir, Rathore, Athula, Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa, Bajomo, Fahema, Nadira, Valerio, Celentano, Ewen, Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle, Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed, Rabie, Connor, Boyle, David, Hamilton, Aishath, Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary, Nicholson, Agata, Oliwa, Robert, Pearson, Anna, Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine, Boereboom, Michael, Hanna, Catherine, Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel, Mitchell, Eimear, Monaghan, James, Crawford, Susan, Moug, James, Blackwell, Hannah, Boyd-Carson, Philip, Herrod, Omar, Al-Allaf, Miriam, Beattie, Cameron, Bullock, Shivang, Burman, Gemma, Clark, Nicolas, Flamey, Oliver, Flannery, Alexander, Harding, Ben, Kodiatt, Samuel, Lawday, Shivani, Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael, Ng, Dupinderjit, Rye, Andrel, Yoong, Laura, Clark, Chris, Deans, Monisha, Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil, Yusuf, Carla, Chamberlain, Kathryn, Duke, Elizabeth, Kmiotek, Azel, Botes, Natalie, Condie, Timothy, Schrire, Reena, Shah, Iolo, Thomas-Jones, Charlotte, Yates, Natasha, Anthony, Edward, Matthews, Kapil, Sahnan, James, Tankel, Sally, Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul, Ziprin, William, Duggan, Anastasia, Kantartzi, Shruthi, Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar, Srivastava, Charlotte, Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat, Chopra, Laura, Davis, Rebecca, Hughes, Joshua, Tulley, Justin, Alberts, Thomas, Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa, Olugbemi, Kasim, Ahmad, Claudia, Chan, Gavin, Chapman, Hannah, Fleming, Benjamin, Fox, Julia, Grewar, Kate, Hulse, Duncan, Rutherford, Mackay, Sinead, Scott, Smith, Doug, Speake, Peter, G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha, Christodoulides, Simrit, Kudhail, Matthew, Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon, Lambracos, Chikamuche, Anyanwu, Rishi, Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth, Gleeson, Rebecca, Platoff, Areeba, Saif, Zachary, Enumah, Eric, Etchill, Alodia, Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell, Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph, Connors, Patricio, Lynn, Marcovalerio, Melis, Elliot, Newman, Deshka, S Foster, Kenneth, Perrone, Ashley, Titan, Sarwat, Ahmad, Andrea Chao M, D Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader, Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark, Hemmila, Lena, Napolitano, Jane, J Wong, Julia, Chandler, Lauren, Wood, Sherry, Wren, Taylor, Ottesen, Lucia, You, Kristin, Yu, María Del Pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel, González, Santiago, Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa, Zubiaurre, Rodrigo, Demolin, Nicolas, Giroff, Pablo, Sciuto, Maite, Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg, Deepika, Elliot, Simuchimba, Anadi, Bulaya, Chali, Chibuye, Bright, Chirengendure, Mary-Rose, Kabale, Kizito, Kabongo, James, Munthali, Oliver, Mweso, Francis, Pikiti, James, Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid, Blackman, Sophie, Richards, Suren, Subramaniam, Rafid, Karim, Nathan, Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina, Ali, Aanjaneya, Sinha, Robert, Corrigan, Nicole, Barnes, Florence, Wong, Grace, Dennis, Julia, Jedamzik, Emil, Phillips, Wivine, Piette, Marie Van Hentenryck, Houenoukpo, Koco, Souliath, Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar, Gribnev, Dobromir, Dimitrov, Panche, Krastev, Sovannarith, Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah, Alsharqawi, Veronica, Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe, Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko, Kučan, Damir, Rosko, Neven, Barsic, Domagoj, Župan, Amgad, Hegazi, Vendula, Trunčíková, Vladimir, Fryba, Mostafa, Mohamed, Ahmed, Sultan, Ahmed, Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk, Omar, Mohamed, Anwar, Tarek, Rageh, Aya, Elmokadem, Khaled, Gaballa, Sandra, Teppo, Antti, Turunen, Pasi, Pengermä, Quentin, Ballouhey, Damien, Bergeat, Ariane, Weyl, Elisabeth, Hain, Adam, Gyedu, Edwin, Yenli, Dorcas, Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki, Rompou, Athanasios, Zoikas, Apostolos, Gaitanidis, Georgios, Koukis, Konstantinos, Perivoliotis, Panagiotis, Tavlas, Konstantinos, Galanos-Demiris, George, Zografos, Ioannis, Karavokyros, Georgia, Xanthopoulou, Eirini, Iordanidou, Fernanda, Ayau, Allan, Garcia, Pekli, Damján, Deepender, Wason, B L, Ashika, Ervandy, Rangganata, Prerna, Kamath, Donal, B O'Connor, Margherita, Pinto, Fabrizio, Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca, Troilo, Daniela, Bossi, Dario, Scala, Lucrezia, Pulitanò, Marcella, Carella, Andrea, Pietrabissa, Alice, Gori, Giorgio, Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo, Braccio, Raed, Al-Taher, Sarah, Athamneh, Andrea, Parker, Adnan, Sawiee, Amina, Kattia, Malik, Salem, Osama, Tababa, Zuhour, Shaeeb, Vilius, Syminas, Jonas, Jurgaitis, Gytè, Damulevičienè, Saulius, Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran, Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella, Grech, Rodrigo, Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel, Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose, Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian, Bastiaenen, Simone, Rottier, Fouad, Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed, Seyoji, Callistus, Nwachukwu, Okechukwu, Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji, Idowu, Olamiposi, Sowemimo, Olakayode, Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin, Akande, Alexander, Lott, Maliha, Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif, Loya, Hassan, Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel, Abuhilal, Mohammad, Atawneh, Hamdan, Hamdan, Belal, Alhabil, Abedelrahman, Srour, Ibrahim, Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna, Bartosiak, Pedro, Ferreira, Vítor, Francisco, Ricardo, Lemos, Luísa, Frutuoso, Sara, Fernandes, Telma, Fonseca, Jorge, Pereira, Juan, Rachadell, Ana, Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena, Devesa, Ana, Vieira, Inês, Mónica, Margarida, Amaro, Diogo, Sousa, Marta, Reia, João, Louro, Ana, Martins, Joaquina, Dominguez, Inês, Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro, Silva-Vaz, Ligia, Freire, Ricardo, Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry, Shakhmatov, Yves, Nezerwa, Radosav, Radulovic, Gareth, Obery, Francois, Viljoen, Tome, Mendes, Antonio, Suarez, Enrique, Moncada, Maria, Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig, Idris, Karolina, Eklöv, Oskar, Grahn, Leila, Amin, Malin, Blomqvist, Costanza, Ajani, Rebecca, Kraus, Nico, Seeger, Melissa, Willemin, Fadi, Rayya, Mohammad, Ayash, Raneem, Msouti, Israa, Kannas, Eias, Abazid, Asil, Esper, Skander, Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman, Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse, Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray, Kurnaz, Saygin, Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can, Şahin, Evrim, Savli, Aryon, Innocent, Lilian, Babirye, Andrii, Diachenko, Vladislav, Hordoskiy, Heather, Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry, Robertson, Arin, Mahmoud, Hannah, Lennon, Lynette, Loi, Emily, Kirkham, Cameron, Mccann, Daniel, Watts, Binay, Gurung, Michael, Wilson, Thomas, Tribedi, Eleonora, Garofalo, Baryab, Zahra, Scott, Macdonald, Ian, Daniels, Nathan, Ng, Shivun, Khosla, James, Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri, Suresh, Jack, Wellington, Emmanuel, Lorejo, Mafdi, Mossaad, Madison, Crutcher, Marjan, Alimi, Ioana, Baiu, Hossam, Abdou, Alison, Conway, Connor, Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley, Zulu, Mildred, Nakazwe, Sule, Burger, Justine, Davies, Rachel, Donaldson, Chikwendu, Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo, Lesetedi, Charles, Mabedi, Laura, Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex, Makupe, Mark, Monahan, Soloman, Mulira, Elmi, Muller, Jospeh, Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey, Roberts, Martin, Smith, Viki, Tayler, John, Windsor, Raul, Yepez, Sudha, Sundar, Emmy, Runigamugabo, Azmina, Verjee, José, Chen, Leonid, Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria, Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr, Hammani, Sarah, Honjo, Rebecca, Jacobs, Hitomi, Kimura, Mugisha, Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit, Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna, Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh, Srinivas, Chia-Yen, Sung, Aswan, Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara, Venturini, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, Abhinav, Tiwari, Andreas, Karwath, Dawson, Brett E., Chetan, Khatri, Daoud, Chaudhry, Elizabeth, Li, Ella, J Marson, Taylor, Elliott H., Georgios, Gkoutos, Harvinder, Mann, Trout, Isobel M., James, C Glasbey, Keatley, James M., Mclean, Kenneth A., Kwabena, Siaw-Acheampong, Laura, Bravo, Leah, Argus, Luke, Slater, Maria, Picciochi, Mary, Venn, Omar, M Omar, Gujjuri, Rohan R., Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Victor Roth Cardoso, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Riad, A, Salem, Hk, Simoes, J, Spence, R, Smart, N, Tabiri, S, Thomas, H, West, M, Whitaker, J, Weiser, Tg, Harrison, Em, Knight, SR, Chu, K, Lapitan, MC, Dare, AJ, Pius, R, Shaw, CA, Drake, TM, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, AO, Adisa, AO, Aguilera, ML, Al-Saqqa, SW, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, BM, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, CJ, Fitzgerald, JE, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, MIV, Ingabire, JCA, Kingham, TP, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, KA, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Qureshi, AU, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Riad, A, Salem, HK, Simoes, J, Spence, R, Smart, N, Tabiri, S, Thomas, H, West, M, Whitaker, J, Weiser, TG, Harrison, EM, Licari, L, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, ACS - Microcirculation, Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, J C Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Ismaïl Lawani, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Anna Dare, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kunčarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Stephen Tabiri, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Muhammed Elhadi, Ali M Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, John Whitaker, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Piotr Major, Joana Simões, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, J C Allen Ingabire, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Bettina Lieske, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Chu, Rachel Moore, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Maria Marta Modolo, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Ismaïl Lawani, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, Manol Sokolov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Gerald Ekwen, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K, Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Arnav Agarwal, Anna Dare, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Anna Dare, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino-Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Sebastian Sierra, Jacques Bake, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-Sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S Al-Himyari, Enas El Sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El Soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa Gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-Remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas Khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky Mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed Shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim Negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I Shalaby, Alaa El-Taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed A Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Jyri Teras, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Aristotelis Kechagias, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu Senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Stephen Tabiri, Paul M Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Vasileios Kalles, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Gustavo Recinos, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, Zsolt Baranyai, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D K, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Radhian Amandito, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd Al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Luca Ansaloni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel Jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Gianluca Pellino, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Ibrahim Nour, Yasmeen Z Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani Hani, Zeina Bani Hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-Khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad Fathi Khalleefah Abu Hallalah, Saleh Abujamra, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Donatas Venskutonis, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Precious Malemia, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P G Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Elaine Borg, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Sarah Ellul, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez Del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung Il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al Basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-Srour, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo Mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu Shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal Qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea Vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Major, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, José Azevedo, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça E Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Mariana Leite, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Matei Razvan Bratu, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Armen Vardanyan, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, J C Allen Ingabire, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Jovan Juloski, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Bettina Lieske, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Stephanie Van Straten, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Richard Spence, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Yoshan Moodley, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Kathryn Chu, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Antonio L Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A Adam, Mahmoud Saleh, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Yucel Cengiz, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Daniel Clerc, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hanen Bouaziz, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoğlu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe Nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan Yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Herman Lule, Emmanuel Bua, Matthew Doe, Noella Okalany, Arianna Birindelli, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Maryna Freigofer, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Ella Teasdale, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Aneel Bhangu, James Glasbey, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Cameron J Fairfield, Ewen M Harrison, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Thomas G Weiser, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M D Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María Del Pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Gabriela Wagner, Garg Deepika, Mayaba Maimbo, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, David Linyama, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Erick Chan, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van Hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Arnav Agarwal, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytè Damulevičienè, Saulius Svagzdys, Tomas Poskus, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Rachel Moore, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Yegor Tryliskyy, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Gabriela Wagner, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Ivan Trostchansky, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Stephen R Knight, Thomas M Drake, Dmitri Nepogodiev, J Edward Fitzgerald, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, J C Allen Ingabire, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Bruce M Biccard, Giuliano Borda-Luque, David W Borowski, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu, Damian Clarke, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, T Peter Kingham, Hosni Khairy Salem, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Modise Zacharia Koto, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Chiapo Lesetedi, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Charles Mabedi, Mayaba Maimbo, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Janet Martin, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Vanessa Msosa, Soloman Mulira, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Adewale O Adisa, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Riinu Pius, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Sarah Rayne, Tracey Roberts, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Catherine A Shaw, Neil Smart, Martin Smith, Richard Spence, Stephanie Van Straten, Stephen Tabiri, Viki Tayler, Thomas G Weiser, John Windsor, Joseph Yorke, Raul Yepez, Richard Lilford, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Sudha Sundar, Ewen M Harrison, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Andrey Litvin, Mugisha Nkoronko, Ibrahim Nour, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Gianluca Pagano, Francesco Pata, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Sebastian Shu Yip, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, Dominique Vervoort, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, Abhinav Tiwari, Alexis P Arnaud, Andreas Karwath, Arnav Agarwal, Brett E. Dawson, Chetan Khatri, Daoud Chaudhry, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Elizabeth Li, Ella J Marson, Elliott H. Taylor, Georgios Gkoutos, Harvinder Mann, Isobel M. Trout, James C Glasbey, James M. Keatley, Kenneth A. Mclean, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Laura Bravo, Leah Argus, Luke Slater, Maria Picciochi, Mary Venn, Muhammed Elhadi, Omar M Omar, Rohan R. Gujjuri, Samuel Lawday, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Victor Roth Cardoso, Knight, S. R., Shaw, C. A., Pius, R., Drake, T. M., Norman, L., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Adisa, A. O., Aguilera, M. L., Al-Saqqa, S. W., Al-Slaibi, I., Bhangu, A., Biccard, B. M., Brocklehurst, P., Costas-Chavarri, A., Chu, K., Dare, A., Elhadi, M., Fairfield, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Ghosh, D., Glasbey, J., van Berge Henegouwen, M. I., Ingabire, J. C. A., Kingham, T. P., Lapitan, M. C., Lawani, I., Lieske, B., Lilford, R., Martin, J., Mclean, K. A., Moore, R., Morton, D., Nepogodiev, D., Ntirenganya, F., Pata, F., Pinkney, T., Qureshi, A. U., Ramos-De la Medina, A., Riad, A., Salem, H. K., Simoes, J., Spence, R., Smart, N., Tabiri, S., Thomas, H., Weiser, T. G., West, M., Whitaker, J., Harrison, E. M., Gjata, A., Modolo, M. M., King, S., Chan, E., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Vervoort, D., Bedada, A. G., De Azevedo, B., Figueiredo, A. G., Sokolov, M., Barendegere, V., Ekwen, G., Agarwal, A., Liu, Q., Camilo Correa, J., Malemo, K. L., Bake, J., Mihanovic, J., Kuncarova, K., Orhalmi, J., Salem, H., Teras, J., Kechagias, A., Arnaud, A. P., Lindert, J., Kalles, V., Aguilera-Arevalo, M. -L., Recinos, G., Baranyai, Z., Kumar, B., Neelamraju Lakshmi, H., Zachariah, S. K., Alexander, P., Kumar Venkatappa, S., Pramesh, C., Amandito, R., Fleming, C., Ansaloni, L., Pellino, G., Altibi, A. M., Nour, I., Hamdun, I., Ghellai, A. M., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Zilinskas, J., Malemia, P., Tew, Y. Y., Borg, E., Ellul, S., Wafqui, F. Z., Borowski, D. W., van Dalen, A. S., Wells, C., Adamou, H., Ademuyiwa, A., Adisa, A., Soreide, K., Al Saqqa, S., Alser, O., Tahboub, H., Segovia Lohse, H. A., Shu Yip, S., Major, P., Sampaio Soares, A., Bratu, M. R., Litvin, A., Vardanyan, A., Allen Ingabire, J. C., Gudal, A., Albati, N., Juloski, J., Rems, M., Rayne, S., Van Straten, S., Moodley, Y., Ortega Vazquez, I., Ruiz-Tovar, J., Senanayake, K. J., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Omer, O. A., Homeida, A., Cengiz, Y., Clerc, D., Alshaar, M., Bouaziz, H., Altinel, Y., Doe, M., Freigofer, M., Teasdale, E., Kabariti, R., Clements, J. M., Ashfaq, A., Azodo, I., Wagner, G., Trostchansky, I., Maimbo, M., Linyama, D., Nina, H., Zeko, A., Fermani, C. G., Villalobos, S., Carballo, F., Farina, P., Guckenheimer, S., Dickfos, M., Ajmera, A., Chong, C., Gourlay, R., Hussaini, S., Lee, Y. J., Majid, A., Martin, P., Miles, R., Morris, O. J., Phua, J., Ridley, W., Saluja, T., Tan, R. R., Teh, J., Wells, A., Arora, B., Dollie, Q., Ho, D., Ma, Y., Perera, O. M., Truong, A., Dawson, A. C., Lim, B., Pahalawatta, U., Phan, J., Woon-Shoo-Tong, X. -M. S., Yeoh, A., Charman, L., Drane, A., Laura, S., Lo, C. C. W., Mozes, A., Poon, R., Tan, H. H., Wall, E., Chopra, P., De Giovanni, J., Dhital, B., Draganic, B., Duller, A., Gani, J., Goh, Y. K., Jeong, J. Y., Mcmanus, B., Nagappan, P., Pockney, P., Rugendyke, A., Sarrami, M., Smith, S., Wills, V., Wong, H. V., Ye, G., Zhang, G., Brooker, E., Feng, D., Lau, B., Ngai, C., Birks, S., Gyorki, D., Otero de Pablos, J., Abbosh, A., Gillespie, C., Mahmoud, A., Kwan, B., Lawson, J., Warwick, A., Bingham, J., Cockbain, A. J., Dudi-Venkata, N. N., Ellaby-Hall, J., Finlay, B., Humphries, E., Pisaniello, J., Pisaniello, M., Salih, S., Sammour, T., Abd Wahab, H. H., De Silva, A., Hayward, N., Iyer, K., Maddern, G., Prevost, G. A., Annapureddy, N., Settipalli, K. P., Yeo, J., Hempenstall, L., Pham, L., Purcell, S., Talavera, C., Vaska, A. I., Chaggar, G., Chrapko, P., Cocco, A., Coulter-Nile, S. M. C. J., Ctercteko, G., French, J., Gong, H., Gosselink, M., Jegathees, T., Jin, I., Kalachov, M., Kiefhaber, K., Lee, K., Luong, J., Phan, S., Pleass, H., Veale, K., Zeng, Z., Au, A., Debiasio, A., Deng, I., Myooran, J., Nair, A., Stewart, P., Stift, A., Unger, L. W., Wimmer, K., Ahmed, N., Hasan, S., Rahman, S., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Peters, A., Perduca, P., Pulcina, G., Tinton, N., Buxant, F., Dabin, E., Garofalo, G., Dossou, F., Gnangnon, F. H. R., Imorou Souaibou, Y., Motlaleselelo, P., Tlhomelang, O., Lima Buarque, I., Mendonca Ataide Gomes, G., Vieira Barros, A., Batashki, I., Damianov, N., Stoyanov, V., Dardanov, D., Maslyankov, S., Petkov, P., Todorov, G., Zhivkov, E., Akisheva, A., Castilla Moreno, M. A., Genov, G., Ilieva, I., Ivanov, T., Karamanliev, M., Khan, A., Mitkov, E., Yotsov, T., Atanasov, B., Belev, N., Slavchev, M., Nsengiyumva, C., Jones, E., Stock, S., Kyota, S., Brown, J., Mabanza, K. T., Nigo Samuel, L., Otuneme, C., Prosper, N., Umenze, F., Boutros, M., Caminsky, N., Dumitra, S., Garfinkle, R., Morency, D., Salama, E., Banks, A., Ferri, L., He, H., Katz, A., Liberman, A. S., Meterissian, S., Pang, A., Parvez, E., Hameed, U., Osman, F., Sequeira, S., Coburn, N., Jaffer, A., Karanicolas, P., Mosseler, M., Musselman, R., Liu, X., Yip, C. W., Garces-Otero, J. S., Guzman, C., Sierra, S., Uribe Valencia, A., Cabrera Rivera, P. A., Camelo, S., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Orozco, A., Mosquera Paz, M. S., Perez Rivera, C. J., Gonzalez, F., Isaza-Restrepo, A., Nino- Torres, L., Arias Madrid, N., Mendoza Arango, M. C., Tsandiraki, J., Jemendzic, D., Kocman, B., Suman, O., Canic, R., Jurisic, D., Karakas, I., Krizanovic Rupcic, A., Pitlovic, V., Samardzic, J., Kopljar, M., Bacic, I., Domini, E., Karlo, R., Miljanic, D., Simic, A., Ahmed, M., Al Nassrallah, M., Altaf, R., Amjad, T., Eltoum, R., Haidar, H., Hassan, A., Khalil, O., Qasem, M., Ramesh, R., Sajith, G., Wisal, M., Zatecky, J., Bujda, M., Jirankova, K., Paclik, A., Abdallah, A., Abdulgawad Almogy, M., Ayman El-sawy, E., Elfayoumy, A. M., Elghareeb, N., Esmat, N. A., Fadel, A., Habater, A., Hamdy, H., Hefni, A., Kamal, M., Mohamed Abobakr, N., Sayed, A., Shaker, N., Taha, E., Tharwat, H., Zakaria, O., Abdelmotaleb, I., Al-Dhufri, A., Al-Himyari, H. S., El sheikh, E., Eldmaty, A., Elkhalawy, A., M. Elkhashen, A., Magdy, K., Mostafa, S., Sadia, H. D., Saleh, M. M., Samir, D., Yahia Mohamed Ali, M., A. Nassar, M., Abdelhady, S., Abdelrazek, A., Abdelsalam, I., El-Sawy, A., Essam, E., Gadelkarim, M., Ghaly, K., Hassabalnaby, M., Masarani, R., Mohamed Shaaban, N., Sabry, A., Salem, M., Soliman, N. A., Zahran, D., Abou, El. soud M. R., Badr, E. T., Borham, H., Elmeslemany, N., Elsayed, M., Elsherif, F., Eslam, S., Gaber, G., Ibrahim, S., Kamh, Y., Mohamed, S. G., Morshedy, E., Omar, C., Salem Soliman, F., Abdelkawy, S., Abdelmohsen, N., Abdelshakour, M., Dahy, A., Gamal, N., Gamal, M., Hasan, A., Hetta, H., Mousa, N., Omar, M., Rabie, S., Saad, M., Saleh, B., Sayed Mohamed, M., Shawqi, M., Abdelhady Mousa, H., Alnoury, M., Elbealawy, M., Elshafey, A., Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, M., Ghonaim, M., Hgag, F., Ibrahim, M., Morsy, M., Reda Loaloa, M., Refaat, A., Samir, H., Shahien, F., Sobhy, M., Sroor, F., Abdellatif, E., Adel, M., Afifi, A. A., Afifi, E., Antaky, M., Dawoud, A., El Zoghby, N., El-remaily, A., Elzanfaly, A. A., Gadallah, A., Gamal, F. A., Hashem, O., Medhat Youssef, S., Muhammad Attyah, A., Munir, M., Shazly, O., Wilson, K., Adel, S., Ali, A., Eid, E., Elhelow, E., Elmahdy, M., Elshatby, B., Hossam el-din Zakaria, A., Hossny, A., Ibrahim, E., M. Yonis, A., Metwalli, M., Yousry, B., Zid, E., A Yacoub, M., Abdelhakim, A., Abouelsoad, N., Alkhatib, M., Ashraf, A., Elazab, Y., Elfanty, M., Elkabir, O., Elshimy, A., Elsobky, H., Eskander, J., Gad, A., Hamsho, W., Khaled Abdelwahed, N., Magdy, M., Moharam, D., Osama, A., Ramadan, S., Roum, R., Sayed, T., Shehada, T., Zidan, A. M., Abbas, K., Attia, M., Balata, M., El Nakeeb, A., Elewaily, M. I. E., Elfallal, A., Elfeki, H., Elkhadragy, A., Emile, S., Ezzat, H., Hosni, H., Mansour, I., Omar, W., Othman, G., Sadek, K., Shalaby, M., Shehab-Eldeen, N., Anas khalifa, R., Badr, H., Eldeep, M., Eldeep, A., Eldoseuky mohammed, A., Khallaf, S., Magdy Hegazy, E., Mahmoud, R., Mikhail, P., Morsi, M., Mowafy, S., Raafat, D., Safy, A., Sera, M., Sera, A. S., Abdallah, M. S. M., Abdelkader, M., Abdou, A. O., Ahmed, A., Gaafar, S., Ibrahim negm, F., Lapic, M., Maher, A., Mahmoud, H., Mostafa, A., Samir, M., Samy, F., Semeda, N., Shalaby, H. I., El-taweel, A., Galal Elnagar, A., Hemidan, A. G., Hussein, M., Kandil, A. A., Moawad, M., Nasser Hamamah, A. A., Soliman, M., Abdelkhalek, M., Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, N., Abdelwahed, A. M., Abdou, A., Atallah, K., Elsherbeny, M. Y., Emara, E., Hamdy, M., Hamdy, O., Haron, A., Ismail, S., Metwally, I. H., Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, N., Nassar, A., Refky, B., Sadek, M., Saleh, M., Yunes, A., Zakaria, M., Zuhdy, M., Fayed, N., Mohammed, M. M. H., Kutner, S., Melnik, P., Seire, I., Umarik, T., Ainoa, E., Eerola, V., Koppatz, H., Koskenvuo, L., Sallinen, V., Takala, S., Katunin, J., Turunen, A., Christou, N., Mathonnet, M., Lavoue, V., Nyangoh Timoh, K., Soulabaille, L., Lesourd, R., Merdrignac, A., Sulpice, L., Andre, B., Chantalat, E., Vaysse, C., Dousset, B., Gaujoux, S., Martin, G., Clonda, O., Juodis, D., Kienle, K., Mravik, A., Palmer, S., Szabadhegyi, G., Agbeko, A. E., Gyabaah, S., Gyamfi, F. E., Naabo, N., Owusu senior, A., Yorke, J., Owusu, F., Abantanga, F., Anyomih, T. T. K., Muntaka, A. -J. M., Owusu Abem, E., Sheriff, M., Wondoh, P. M., Balalis, D., Korkolis, D., Gkiokas, G., Pantiora, E., Theodosopoulos, T., Ioannidis, A., Konstantinidis, K., Konstantinidou, S., Machairas, N., Paspala, A., Prodromidou, A., Chouliaras, C., Papadopoulos, K., Baloyiannis, I., Mamaloudis, I., Tzovaras, G., Akrida, I., Argentou, M. -I., Germanos, S., Iliopoulos, E., Maroulis, I., Skroubis, G., Theofanis, G., Chatzakis, C., Ioannidis, O., Loutzidou, L., Karathanasis, P., Michalopoulos, N., Theodoropoulos, C., Theodorou, D., Triantafyllou, T., Garoufalia, Z., Hasemaki, N., Kontos, M., Kouraklis, G., Kykalos, S., Liakakos, T., Mpaili, E., Papalampros, A., Schizas, D., Syllaios, A., Tampaki, E. C., Tsimpoukelis, A., Antonopoulou, M. I., Deskou, E., Manatakis, D. K., Papageorgiou, D., Zoulamoglou, M., Anthoulakis, C., Margaritis, M., Nikoloudis, N., Campo, V., Ceballos, A., Flores, M. -A., Giron, W., Ko, D., Martinez, G., Rivera Lara, V., Rueda, N., Sanchez, A., Tejeda Garrido, J. C. G., Alvarez Rivera, A. E., Bamaca Ixcajoc, E. B., Barreda Zelaya, L. E., Chacon-Herrera, P., Corea Ruiz, L. M., Echeverria-Davila, G., Garcia, M., Garcia, D., Gutierrez Mayen, E. F., Jose, N., Mazariegos, N., Mendez, D., Paniagua Espinoza, M., Bardos, D., Benke, M., Illes, K., Kokas, B. A., Szabo, R., Appukuttan, A., Asok, A., D. k, V., Malik, K., Ravishankaran, P., Tapkire, R., Moorthy, G., Abraham, J., Muthuvel, R., Alapatt, J., Kattepur, A., Pareekutty, N., Garod, M., Harris, C., Wanniang, C., Gupta, A., Nehra, D., Parshad, S., Acharya, R., Badwe, R., Bhandare, M., Jain, U., Kirti, K., Nair, N., Shrikhande, S., Thakkar, P., Anandan, P., C S, A., Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, A., Jagarlamudi, T., M R, R., Manangi, M., Raghavendra, A., Rao, K. S., S, V., Sajjan, V., Shenoy, A., Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, S., Tharanath, K., V, S., Adidharma, P., Agarwal, R., Anggita Gultom, P., Arifin, G. R., Billy, M., Elfizri, Z., Fahira, A., Felicia, D., Gunardi, T. H., Johanna, N., Nugrahadi, N. R., Panigoro, S. S., Rahmayanti, S., Sihotang, R. C., Brata, S. Y., Winoto, H., Barati, N., Karami, M., Khorshidi, H., Naderifar, H., Abdulla, M. A., Coleman, M., Doherty, R. J., Hannon, R., Murphy, B., Stakelum, A., Winter, D., Aljohmani, L., Farnan, R., Seldon, Y., Tan, T., Varghese, S., Alherz, M., Ather, M., Bajilan, M., Graziadei, V., Pilkington, I., Quidwai, O., Ridgway, P., Shiwani, H., Tahir, A. A. -R., Blunnie, E., Burke, D., Kennedy, N., Macdonagh, K., O'Neill, M., Rooney, S., Falco, G., Ferrari, G., Mele, S., Nita, G. E., Ugoletti, L., Zizzo, M., Confalonieri, G., Pesenti, G., Tagliabue, F., Baronio, G., Ongaro, D., Pata, G., Compagnoni, B., Salvadori, R., Taglietti, L., D'Alessandro, N., Di Lascio, P., Pascale, G., Bortolasi, L., Campagnaro, T., Carlini, M., Lisi, G., Lombardi, D., Pedrazzani, C., Spoletini, D., Turri, G., Violi, P., Altomare, D. F., Aquilino, F., Musa, N., Papagni, V., Picciariello, A., Vincenti, L., Andreotti, D., Occhionorelli, S., Tondo, M., Basso, S. M. M., Ubiali, P., Cirelli, R., Maino, M. E. M., Piozzi, G. N., Picone, E., Scaramuzzo, R., Sinibaldi, G., Amendola, A., Anastasio, L., Bucci, L., Caruso, E., Castaldi, A., Di Maso, S., Dinuzzi, V. P., Esposito, G., Gaudiello, M., Giglio, M. C., Greco, P. A., Luglio, G., Manfreda, A., Marra, E., Mastella, F., Pagano, G., Peltrini, R., Pepe, V., Sacco, M., Sollazzo, V., Spiezio, G., Cianchetti, E., Menduni, N., Carvello, M. M., Di Candido, F., Spinelli, A., Corsi, F., Sorrentino, L., Marino, F., Asti, E. L. G., Bonavina, L., Rausa, E., Asta, M., Belli, A., Bianco, F., Cervone, C., Delrio, P., Falato, A., Fares Bucci, A., Guarino, R., Pace, U., Rega, D., De Luca, E., Gallo, G., Sammarco, G., Sena, G., Vescio, G., Santandrea, L., Ugolini, G., Zattoni, D., Chetta, N., Logrieco, G., Vanella, S., Garulli, G., Zanini, N., Bondurri, A., Cammarata, F., Colombo, F., Foschi, D., Lamperti, G. M. B., Maffioli, A., Sampietro, G. M., Yakushkina, A., Zaffaroni, G., Cicuttin, E., Sibilla, M. G., Impellizzeri, H., Inama, M., Moretto, G., Mochet, S., Ponte, E., Usai, A., Mancini, S., Sagnotta, A., Solinas, L., Bolzonaro, E., Tamini, N., Curletti, G., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Campanella, S., Cocorullo, G., Colli, F., De Marco, P., Falco, N., Fontana, T., Kamdem Mambou, L. J., La Brocca, A., Licari, L., Randisi, B., Rizzo, G., Rotolo, G., Salamone, G., Tutino, R., Venturelli, P., Malabarba, S., Sgro, A., Vella, I., Cirillo, B., Crocetti, D., De Toma, G., Lapolla, P., Mingoli, A., Sapienza, P., Belvedere, A., Bianchini, S., Binetti, M., Birindelli, A., Tonini, V., Podda, M., Pulighe, F., De Rosa, M., Bono, L., Borghi, F., Geretto, P., Giuffrida, M. C., Lauro, C., Marano, A., Pellegrino, L., Salusso, P., Sasia, D., Campanelli, M., Realis Luc, A., Trompetto, M., Cardia, R., Cillara, N., Giordano, A. N., Costanzo, A., Giovilli, M. A., Turati, L., Canonico, S., Sciaudone, G., Selvaggi, F., Selvaggi, L., Albsoul, N., Albsoul, A., Alkhatib, A. A., Alsallaq, O., Amarin, J. Z., Ayoub, R., Bsisu, I., El Muhtaseb, M. S., Jabaiti, M., Melhem, J., Qwaider, Y. Z., Salameh, M. H., Suleihat, A., Suradi, H. H., Alammarin, M., Aljaafreh, A., Bani hani, M., Bani hani, Z., Bani Hani, F., Fahmawee, T., Hamouri, S., Katanani, C., Tawalbeh, R., Tawalbeh, T., Zawahrah, H., Abou Chaar, M. K., Abusalem, L., Al-Masri, M., Al-Najjar, H., Barghuthi, L., Ahmed, Z., Maulana, A., Ngotho, O., Kamau, C., Stanley Mwenda, A., Bosire, F., Mwachiro, E., Parker, R., Simel, I., Sylvester, K., Althini, A. A. M., Elbarouni, S., Elbeshina, A. E., Gwea, A., Malek, A., Masoud Farag, W. A., Abdalei, A., Abdel Malik, A. B., Abo-khammash, A., Abuhlaiga, M., Adnan, N., Albaggar, M., Alfitory, A., Aljanfi, A., Almuzghi, F., Altumei, Z., Alzabti, F., Ashoushan, H., Assalhi, M., Azzubia, J., Bnhameida, S., Delhen, M., Elshafei, H., Elteir, H., Esbaga, F., Gobbi, A. A., Hamouda, F., Hilan, H., Ismail, R., Jebran, F., Kasbour, M., Maderi, G., Mohammad, S., Mohammed, B., Murtadi, H., Mustafa, H., Rajab, M., Trenba, S., Wafaa, M., Al Sagheir, E., Almigheerbi, A., Alzahaf, A., Bahroun, S. G., Ben Dallah, N., Elshaibani, M., Eswaye, H., Karar, M., Omar, S., Younes, E., Younes, M., Zreeg, D., Abujamra, S., Ashour, F., Elgammudi, M., Omar, F. Aljadidi W., Saddouh, E., Sharif, R., Alabuzidi, A., Alwerfally, A., Aribi, S., Bibas, F., Elfaituri, T., Elhajjaji, Y., Khaled, A., Khalil, W., Layas, T., Soula, E., Tarek, A., Abu hallalah, M. F. K., Ahmed, H. A., Alsharef, T., Ben Saoud, A. A., El Gharmoul, T., Elhadi, A., Elrais, S., Shebani, A., Zarti, H., Zeiton, A., Ambrazevicius, M., Kaselis, N., Stakyte, M., Aliosin, O., Cizauskaite, A., Dailidenas, S., Eismontas, V., Kybransiene, M., Nutautiene, V., Samalavicius, N., Simcikas, D., Slepavicius, A., Tamosiunas, A., Ubartas, N., Zeromskas, P., Bradulskis, S., Dainius, E., Juocas, J., Kubiliute, E., Kutkevicius, J., Opolskis, A., Parseliunas, A., Subocius, A., Virbickaite, E., Zuikyte, D., Bogusevicius, A., Buzaite, K., Cepuliene, D., Cesleviciene, I., Cesna, V., Gribauskaite, J., Ignatavicius, P., Jokubauskas, M., Liugailaite, M., Margelis, E., Mazelyte, R., Pankratjevaite, L., Pazusis, M., Rackeviciute, A., Saladyte, J., Skimelyte, M., Slenfuktas, V., Sudeikyte, M., Tamelis, A., Vanagas, T., Zumbakys, Atkociunas, A., Dulskas, A., Kuliavas, J., Birutis, J., Paskevicius, S., Satkauskas, M., Danys, D., Jakubauskas, M., Jakubauskiene, L., Kryzauskas, M., Lipnickas, V., Makunaite, G., Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F., Rasolofonarivo, H., Samison, L. H., Banda, B., Msosa, V., Ahmad Izzuddin, A. I., Das, A., Gan, Y. Y., Shong Sheng, T., Siaw, J. Y., Ab Rahim, M. F., Abang Jamari, D. Z. H., Che Husin, N., Kamarulzaman, M. Y., Lim, Y. P., Mohamed Kamil, N. A., Mohd Hassan, M. R., Mohd Sahid, S., Mustafa, J., Ng, E. H. B., Wan Khazim, W. K., Chang Ern, N., Lingeshan, P. G., Sulaiman, S. E., Ang, S. E., Bin Mohamad Sithik, M. N., Cheong, Y. J., Deva Tata, M., Jia Xian, L., Kadravello, A., Koh, I. -E., Ng, L. -Y., Ng We Yong, Y. J., Palayan, K., Sam, C. X., Siow Jin, P., Tan Ern Hwei, J., Tang, Y., Ter, A. Z., Wong, M. P. -K., Zakaria, A. D., Zakaria, Z., Henry, F., Kalaiselvan, T., Abd Karim, M. F. S., Abdul Aziz, M. R., Abdul Aziz, N., Khong, T. L., Lau, P. C., Lim, H. C., Roslani, A. C., Seak, J. C. K., Wong, S. -W., Wong, L. F., Yeen Chin, L., Anyanwu, M. C., Busuttil, Z., Calleja, T., Chircop, K. L., Cutajar, R., Dimech, A. M., Galea, J., Gascon Perai, K., Gatt, R., Kelman, L., Micallef, E., Nwolu, F., Sammut, K., Thompson, J., Warwicker, S., Zammit, M., Cordera, F., Cruz Gonzalez, E., Sanchez-Garcia, J., Barbosa Camacho, F. J., Barrera Lopez, F. J., Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, C. J., Acosta, E., Gonzalez Espinoza, I. R., Moreno, P., Cortes-Flores, A. O., Fuentes Orozco, C., Gonzalez Ojeda, A., Corro Diaz Gonzalez, S., Martinez, L., Mosqueda Amador, B., Novoa, A., Olazo Espejo, D. A., Jimenez, A., Lopez Rosales, F., Vanoye, E. G., Garcia Gonzalez, L. A., Miranda-Ackerman, R. C., Solano-Genesta, M., Alvarez-Cano, A., Romero-Garza, H. H., Medina-Franco, H., Mejia-Fernandez, L., Salgado-Nesme, N., Vergara-Fernandez, O., Gutierrez-Mota, G. M., Hernandez Vera, F. X., Llantada Lopez, A., Morgan Villela, G., Ramirez Padilla, F. D. J., Tapia Marin, W., Martinez Maldonado, M., Sanchez Suarez, R., Troche, J. M., Benyaiche, C., Outani, O., Amine, S., Benkabbou, A., Majbar, A. M., Mohsine, R., Rafik, A., Oung, T., Tin, M. M., Plarre, P., Alberga, A., Sluiter, N., Tuynman, J., Blok, R., Comert, D., Hompes, R., Kalff, M., Stellingwerf, M. E., Tanis, P., van Berge Henegouwen, M., van Praag, E. M., Wisselink, D., Gerhards, M., Lopes Cardozo, J., Westerduin, E., de Jonge, J., van Geloven, A., van Schilt, K., den Boer, F., Stoots, S., Vlek, S., Adams, J., Al-Busaidi, I. S., Budd, G., Choi, S. I., Chu, M. J. J., Ganugapati, A., Mckinstry, L., Pascoe, R., Richards, S., Rosser, K., Stevenson, A., White, R., Farik, S., Kwun, J., Murad, A., Cowan, S., Hall, T., Hayton, M., Malam Sani, L., Oumarou Garba, S., Amadou Magagi, I., Habou, O., Aliyu, H., Daniyan, M., Sholadoye, T. T., Abdullahi, L., Anyanwu, L. -J., Mohammad Mohammad, A., Muhammad, A. B., Sheshe, A. A., Suleiman, I., Adesina, A., Awolowo, A., Onuoha, C., Salami, O., Taiwo, O., Taiwo, A., Kache, S., Makama, J. G., Sale, D., Abiola, O., Ajao, A., Ajiboye, A., Etonyeaku, A., Olaogun, J., Adebanjo, A., Adesanya, O., Afolayan, M. O., Balogun, O., Makanjuola, A., Nwokocha, S., Ojewola, R. W., Olajide, T. O., Aderounmu, A., Adesunkanmi, A. -R., Agbakwuru, A., Akeem Aderogba, A., Alatise, O. I., Arowolo, O., Lawal, O., Mohammed, T., Ndegbu, C., Olasehinde, O., Wuraola, F., Akinkuolie, A., Mosanya, A., Ayandipo, O., Elemile, P., Lawal, T. A., Ali SANI, S., Garba, S., Hauwa SANI, R., Olori, S., Onyebuashi, H., Umoke, I., Adenuga, A., Adeyeye, A., Habeeb, O., Lawal, B., Nasir, A., Aahlin, E. K., Kjonas, D., Myrseth, E., Abbasy, J., Alvi, A., Saleem, O., Afzal, A., Nazir, A., Farooq, M., Liaqat, A., Naqi, S. A., Raza, A., Sarfraz, M., Sarwar, M., Banglani, M., Munir, A., Sehrish, R., Ayub, B., Sayyed, R., Altaf, A., Ayub, S., Saeed, K., Syed, B., Akbar, S. A., Anwer, A. W., Khan, R. N., Khan, A. I., Khattak, S., Mohtasham, S., Parvaiz, M. A., Syed, A. A., Ansari, A. B., Shahzad, N., Khaliq, T., Rashid, I., Waqar, S. H., Abu Al-saleem, H., Abu Alqumboz, A., Alqadi, M., Amro, A., Assa, R., Awesat, E., Ayyad, R., Hammad, M., Haymony, A., Hijazi, B., Hmeidat, B., Lahaseh, R., Qawasmi, A., Rajabi, A., Shehada, M., Shkokani, S., Yaghi, Y., Yaghi, N., Alzohour, M., Farid, M., Habes, Y. M., Juba, W., Nubani, Y., Rabee, A., Sa'Deh, M., Abed, S., Al basos, I., Alswerki, M., Ashour, D., Awad, I., Diab, S., El Jamassi, A., El-Kahlout, S., Elhout, S., Hajjaj, A. N. K., Hasanain, D., Nabil hajjaj, B., Obaid, M., Saikaly, E., Salhi, A., Al-Tammam, H., Almasri, M., Baniowda, M., Beshtawi, D., Horoub, A., Misk, R., Mohammad, B., Qasrawi, R., Sholi, T., Abu-Nimeh, S., Abu-srour, A., Abukhalaf, S. A., Adawi, S., Alsalameh, B., Ayesh, K., Elqadi, M., Hammouri, A., Karim Mustafa, F., Marzouqa, N., Melhem, S., Miqdad, D., Mohamad, B., Rawhi, M., Abu Ahammala, A. B., Abu Ataya, A., Abu Jayyab, I., Al-Shwaikh, S., Alagha, O., Alasttal, M., Awadallah, H., Elblbessy, M., Fares, J., Jarbou, A., Mahfouz, I., Albahnasawi, M. A., Abo mahadi, A., Abuelhatal, H., Abuelqomboz, A., Almoqayyad, A., Alwali, A., Balaawi, R., Hamouda, M., Humeid, M., Jedyan, A., Mahmoud Abu hamam, T., Matar, G., Salem, A., Samra, T., Shaheen, N., Shihada, K., A. Nemer, A., Abu Al Amrain, M., Abu Alamrain, A., Abu Jamie, N., Abu-Rous, M. R., Alfarra, N., Altaweel, M., Alwhaidi, N., Hamed, R., Saqqa, B., Shaheen, A., Aljaber, D., Aljaberi, L., Alwaheidi, M., Jawaada, A., Khaldi, H., Qahoush, R., Qari, J., Saadeh, R., Salim, A., Yacoub, A., Abbas, A., Abu shua'ib, R., Abu Zainah, B., Abusirrees, M., Babaa, B., Barhoush, O., Belal qadomi, A., Daraghmeh, L., Haji, R., Khatatbeh, A., Khatib, L., Qarariah, S., Quzmar, Y., Safadi, K., Salameh, R., Hassan, M., Herzallah, S., Massad, L., Nazzal, A., Nazzal, R., Escobar, D., Machain V, G. M., Rodriguez Gonzalez, A., Chachaima Mar, J. E., Chinchihualpa Paredes, N. O., Cuba, V., Lopez, W., Niquen Jimenez, M. M., Sanchez Bartra, N. A., Sapallanay Ojeda, O., Sequeiros, D., Toscano Pacheco, A., Vergara, M., Abarca, S., Alcorta, R., Borda-Luque, G., Eusebio Zegarra, I. E., Lujan Lopez, C., Marrufo, M., Mogrovejo, C., Nomura, A., Rodriguez Angeles, Y., Vidal Meza, M. R., Zavala, G., Castillo Arrascue, J. N., Hidrogo Cabrera, J. C., Larrea vera, J. J. M., Osorio, M., Ylatoma Diaz, E. A., Fontanilla, M. A., Fuentes, J. R., Salazar, A. L., Dominguez, G., Lopez, M. P., Macalindong, S., Onglao, M. A., Ramirez, A., Sacdalan, M. D., Tampo, M. M., Uy, G. L., Mangahas, J., Yabut, K., Canete, J. P., Cansana, B. E., Castro, E. J., Lipana, M. K., Roxas, M. F., Zara, V. J., Chrol, M., Franczak, P., Orlowski, M., Budzynski, P., Budzynski, A., Bury, P., Czerwinska, A., Dworak, J., Dziedzic, J., Kisielewski, M., Kulawik, J., Lasek, A., Malczak, P., Migaczewski, M., Pedziwiatr, M., Pisarska, M., Radkowiak, D., Rubinkiewicz, M., Rzepa, A., Skoczylas, T., Stanek, M., Truszkiewicz, K., Wierdak, M., Winiarski, M., Zarzycki, P., Zub-Pokrowiecka, A., Kowalewski, P., Roszkowski, R., Waledziak, M., Tome, M., Patrocinio, S., Guerreiro, I., Almeida, F., de Sousa, X., Monteiro, N., Costa Santos, M. T., de Oliveira, D., Lopes Serra, M., Morgado, D., Neves, C., Oliveira, A. C., Pimentel, A., Silva, S., Carvalho, M., Carvalho, L., Magalhaes, J., Matos, L., Monteiro, T., Ramos, C., Santos, V., Barbosa, J., Costa-Maia, J., Devezas, V., Fareleira, A., Fernandes, C., Goncalves, D., Mora, H., Morais, M., Silva de Sousa, F., Catarino Santos, S., Logrado, A., Tojal, A., Amorim, E., Cunha, M. F., Fazenda, A., Melo Neves, J. P., Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel, I. I., Veiga, D., Azevedo, J., Cardoso Louro, H., Leite, M., Bairos Menezes, M., Gama, B., Brito, D., Cruz Martins, M. C., Graca e Magalhaes, A., Longras, A. C., Lourenco, R., Matos, D., Castro, L., Policarpo, F., Romano, J., Monteiro, C., Pinto, D., Duarte, M., Fortuna Martins, S., Oliveira, M., Galvao, D., Martins, L., Silva, A., Taranu, V., Vieira, B., Neves, J., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, H., Cinza, M., Felix, R., Machado, A., Oliveira, J., Patricio, J., Pedroso de Lima, R., Pereira, M., Rocha Melo, M., Velez, C., Abreu da Silva, A., Claro, M., Costa Santos, D., Ferreira, A., Capote, H., Rosado, D., Tare, F., Nogueira, O., Angelo, M., Baiao, J. M., Guimaraes, A., Marques, J., Nico Albano, M., Silva, M., Valente da Costa, A., Vieira Caroco, T., Almeida Braga, S., Capunge, I., Fragoso, M., Guimaraes, J., Pinto, B., Ribeiro, J., Angel, M., Fialho, G., Guerrero, M., Campos Costa, F., Cardoso, D., Cardoso, V., Alves, M., Estalagem, I., Louro, T., Marques, C., Martelo, R., Morgado, M., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Martins, P., Peyroteo, M., Gomes, J., Monteiro, R., Romano, M., Alves, D. M., Peixoto, R., Quintela, C., Jervis, M. J., Melo, D., Pacheco, A., Paixao, V., Pedro, V., Pimenta, J., Pimenta de Castro, J., Rocha, A., Beuran, M., Ciubotaru, C., Diaconescu, B., Hostiuc, S., Negoi, I., Stoica, B., Anokhin, E., Kuznetsov, G., Oganezov, G., Paramzin, F., Romanova, E., Rutkovskii, V., Shushval, M., Zabiyaka, M., Dzhumabaev, K., Ivanov, V., Mamedli, Z., Achkasov, S., Balkarov, A., Nabiev, E., Nagudov, M., Rybakov, E., Saifutdinova, K., Sushkov, O., Joseph, L., Ndayishimiye, I., Faustin, N., Mutabazi, A. Z., Mvukiyehe, J. P., Nsengimana, V. J. P., Uwakunda, C., Abbas, M. M., Akeel, N., Aljiffry, M., Awaji, K., Farsi, A., Jamjoum, G., Khoja, A., Maghrabi, A., Malibary, N., Nassif, M., Saleem, A., Sultan, A., Tashkandi, W., Tashkandi, H., Trabulsi, N., Ba, M. B., Diallo, A. C., Ndong, A., Cuk, V., Jankovic, U., Koh, S. Z., Koh, F., Lee, K. C., Lee, K. Y., Lee, S., Leong, W. Q., Lui, S. A., Prakash, P., Grosek, J., Norcic, G., Tomazic, A., Fitchat, N., Jaich, R., Wineberg, D., Koto, M. Z., Baiocchi, D., Clarke, D., Steenkamp, C. J., Bannister, S., Boutall, A., Chinnery, G., Coccia, A., Dell, A., Karjiker, P., Kloppers, C., Loxton, N., Mabogoane, T., Malherbe, F., Panieri, E., Rayamajhi, S., van Wyngaard, T., Warden, C., Madiba, T. E., Pillay, N., Brooks, S., Kruger, C., Van Der Merwe, L. H., Gool, F., Kariem, M., Bougard, H., Kariem, N., Noor, F., Pillay, R., Steynfaardt, L., Gonzalez Gonzalez, L., Marin Santos, J. M., Martin-Borregon, P., Martinez Caballero, J., Nevado Garcia, C., Rodriguez Fraga, P., De Castro Parga, G., Fernandez Veiga, M. P., Garrido Lopez, L., Infante Pino, H., Lages Cal, I., Lopez Otero, M., Nogueira Sixto, M., Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M., Rodriguez Fernandez, L., Ruano Poblador, A., Rufo Crespo, E., Sanchez-Santos, R., Vigorita, V., Alonso Batanero, E., Asnel, D., Cifrian Canales, I., Contreras Saiz, E., De Santiago Alvarez, I., Diaz Vico, T., Fernandez Arias, S., Fernandez Martinez, D., Garcia Bernardo, C., Garcia Florez, L. J., Garcia Gutierrez, C., Garcia Munar, M., Marquez Zorrilla Molina, C. A., Merayo, M., Michi Campos, J. L., Moreno Gijon, M., Otero-Diez, J. L., Rodicio Miravalles, J. L., Solar-Garcia, L., Suarez Sanchez, A., Truan, N., Alejandre Villalobos, C., Caballero Diaz, Y., Jimenez, M., Montesdeoca, D., Navarro-Sanchez, A., Vega, V., Beltran de Heredia, J., Gomez, Z., Jezieniecki, C., Legido Moran, A. P., Montes-Manrique, M., Rodriguez-Lopez, M., Ruiz Soriano, M., Trujillo Diaz, J., Vazquez Fernandez, A., Argudo, N., Pera, M., Torrent Jansa, L., Garcia Dominguez, M., Goded, I., Roldon Golet, M., Talal El-Abur, I., Utrilla Fornals, A., Zambrana Campos, V., Aguilar Martinez, M. D. M., Bosch, M., Garcia-Catala, L., Sanchez-Guillen, L., Artigau, E., Gomez Romeu, N., Julia Bergkvist, D., Espina Perez, B., Morato, O., Olona, C., Dieguez, B., Forero-Torres, A., Losada, M., Gomez-Abril, S., Gonzalvez, P., Martinez, R., Navarro Martinez, S., Paya-Llorente, C., Perez Rubio, A., Santarrufina Martinez, S., Sebastian Tomas, J. C., Trullenque Juan, R., Gegundez Simon, A., Mate, P., Prieto-Nieto, M. I., Rubio-Perez, I., Urbieta, A., Vicario Bravo, M., Abello, D., Frasson, M., Garcia-Granero, A., Abad Gurumeta, A., Abad-Motos, A., Lucena-de Pablo, E., Nozal, B., Ripolles-Melchor, J., Salvachua, R., Ferrero, E., Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L., Picardo, A. L., Rojo Lopez, J. A., Zorrilla Matilla, L. P., Cagigas Fernandez, C., Castanedo Bezanilla, S., Estevez Tesouro, J., Fernandez-Diaz, M. J., Garcia Cardo, J., Gomez Ruiz, M., Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, E., Jimeno Fraile, J., Poch, C., Rodriguez-Aguirre, M., Troche Pesqueira, N., Trugeda-Carrera, M. S., de la Torre, J., Blanco-Colino, R., Espin-Basany, E., Espinosa-Bravo, M., Morales Comas, C., Reyes Afonso, E., Rivero Deniz, J., Siso Raber, C., Verdaguer Tremolosa, M., Chandrasinghe, P., Kumarage, S., Wijekoon Arachchilage, N., Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, A., A. Adam, M., Blomme, N., Thorell, A., Wogensen, F., Alga, A., Ansarei, D., Celebioglu, F., Heinius, G., Nigard, L., Pieniowski, E., Ahlqvist, S., Bjorklund, I., Franberg, A., Hakansson, M., Adamo, K., Franklin, O., Sund, M., Wiberg, R., Andersson, Y., Chabok, A., Nikberg, M., Kugelberg, A., Canonica, C., Christoforidis, D., Fasolini, F., Gaffuri, P., Giuliani, M., Meani, F., Popeskou, S. G., Pozza, S., Wandschneider, W., Peterer, L., Widmer, L. W., Zimmermann, B., Bakoleas, P., Chanousi, I., Charalampidou, L., Grochola, L. F., Heid, F., Ntaoulas, S., Outos, M., Peros, G., Podolska-Skoczek, H., Reinisch, K. B., Zielasek, C., Demartines, N., Gilgien, J., Kefleyesus, A., St-Amour, P., Toussaint, A., Alhimyar, M., Alsaid, B., Alyafi, A., Alkhaledi, A., Kouz, B., Omarain, A., Al-Sabbagh, Y., Alkhatib, H., Sara, S., Alhaj, A., Danial, A., Kadoura, L., Maa Albared, S., Monawar, Y., Nahas, L., Abd, B., Saad, A., Wakkaf, H., Bouzaiene, H., Ghalleb, M., Akaydin, E., Akbaba, A. C., Atakul, O., Baltaci, E., Besli, S., Burgu, G., Cenal, U., de Muijnck, C., Demirkaya, H. C., Dogruoz, A., Gezer, Z. I., Gundogdu, Y., Kara, M., Korkmaz, H. K., Kurtoglu, G. K., Ozben, V., Ozmen, B. B., Pektas, A. M., Sel, E. K., Yenidunya, N., Bengur, F. B., Oral, B. M., Yozgatli, T. K., Abdullayev, S., Gunes, M. E., Sahbaz, N. A., Banaz, T., Kargici, K., Kuyumcu, O. F., Yanikoglu, E., Yesilsancak, M., Yilmaz, D., Aktas, M. K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. K., Gray, T., Greig, R., Husain, M., Murray, E., Mustafa, A., Asif, A., Gokul, A., Shah, M., Akitikori, M. T., Charalabopoulos, A., Davidson, S., Mcnally, S., Rupani, S., Juma, F., Mills, S. C., Muirhead, L., Sellars, K., Walsh, U., Warren, O., Chambers, A., Hunt, R., Boyce, S., Cornwall, H., Tol, I., Argyriou, E. O., Eardley, N., Povey, M., Aithie, J. M. S., Irfan, A., Mcguigan, M. -C., Starr, R., Warren, C. R., Archibald, J., Kirby, G., Kisyov, I., Khoo, C. K., Lee, R., Photiou, D., Davis, R., Prasad, U., Yang, P. Z., Bird, J., Leung, E., Summerour, V., Currow, C., Kiam, J., Tan, G. J. S., Muthusami, A., Pegba-Otemolu, I., Urbonas, T., Nunoo-Mensah, J., Smolskas, E., Boddy, A., Gravante, G., Hunter, D., Andrew, D., Koh, A., Thompson, A., Adams, L., Clements, H. A., De Silva, K., Ekpete, O., Haque, S., Henderson, S., Ibrahim, B., Jayasinghe, T., Livie, J., Mailley, K., Nair, G., Tan, D., Baggaley, C., Dawidziuk, A., Szyszka, B., Barter, C., Gandhi, N., Hassell, K., Hitchin, S., Kelsall, J., Nagy, E., Nessa, A., Whisker, L., Yanni, F., Ali, M., Arora, D., Hediwattege, S., Kumarasinghe, N., Rathore, M., Tennakoon, A., Ali Ahmad, S. M., Bajomo, O., Nadira, F., Celentano, V., Griffiths, E., Karri, R. S., Mak, J. K. C., Pipe, M., Bhatti, M. I., Rabie, M., Boyle, C., Hamilton, D., Mihuna, A., Ng, J. C. K., Nicholson, G., Oliwa, A., Pearson, R., Rose, A., Yong, S. Q., Boereboom, C., Hanna, M., Walter, C., Greensmith, T. S., Mitchell, R., Monaghan, E., Crawford, J., Moug, S., Blackwell, J., Boyd-Carson, H., Herrod, P., Al-Allaf, O., Beattie, M., Bullock, C., Burman, S., Clark, G., Flamey, N., Flannery, O., Harding, A., Kodiatt, B., Lawday, S., Mahapatra, S., Mukundu Nagesh, N., Ng, M., Rye, D., Yoong, A., Clark, L., Deans, C., Edirisooriya, M., Carrington, E. V., Wong, T. L. E., Yusuf, B., Chamberlain, C., Duke, K., Kmiotek, E., Botes, A., Condie, N., Schrire, T., Shah, R., Thomas-Jones, I., Yates, C., Anthony, N., Matthews, E., Sahnan, K., Tankel, J., Tucker, S., Winter Beatty, J., Ziprin, P., Duggan, W., Kantartzi, A., Sridhar, S., Khaw, R. A., Srivastava, P., Underwood, C., Alves do Canto Brum, H., Chopra, S., Davis, L., Hughes, R., Tulley, J., Alberts, J., Athisayaraj, T., Olugbemi, M., Ahmad, K., Chan, C., Chapman, G., Fleming, H., Fox, B., Grewar, J., Hulse, K., Rutherford, D., Sinead, M., Speake, D., Vaughan-Shaw, P. G., Christodoulides, N., Kudhail, S., Welch, M., Husaini, S. M., Lambracos, S., Anyanwu, C., Suresh, R., Thomas, J. S., Gleeson, E., Platoff, R., Saif, A., Enumah, Z., Etchill, E., Gabre-Kidan, A., Bernstein, M., Carrano, F. M., Connors, J., Lynn, P., Melis, M., Newman, E., Foster, D. S., Perrone, K., Titan, A., Ahmad, S., Bafford, A. C. M. D., Dal Molin, M., Hanna, N., Zafar, S. N., Hemmila, M., Napolitano, L., Wong, J. J., Chandler, J., Wood, L., Wren, S., Ottesen, T., You, L., Yu, K., Arcienega Yanez, M. D. P., Ferreira Fernandes, M., Gonzalez, D., Cubas, S., Gonzalez, M. C., Zubiaurre, V., Demolin, R., Giroff, N., Sciuto, P., Campos, M., Rodriguez Cantera, G., Deepika, G., Simuchimba, E., Bulaya, A., Chibuye, C., Chirengendure, B., Kabale, M. -R., Kabongo, K., Munthali, J., Mweso, O., Pikiti, F., Otieno, J., Lai, L. T., Blackman, B., Subramaniam, S., Karim, R., Kok, N., Lee, Y. D., Ali, S., Sinha, A., Corrigan, R., Barnes, N., Wong, F., Dennis, G., Jedamzik, J., Phillips, E., Piette, W., Van hentenryck, M., Koco, H., Lawani, S., Kassa, M. W., Santos Bezerra, T., Gribnev, P., Dimitrov, D., Krastev, P., Oum, S., Bonghaseh, D. T., Al Farsi, M., Alsharqawi, N., Acevedo, V., Castillo Barbosa, A. C., Giron, F., Leon Rodriguez, J. P., Kucan, D., Rosko, D., Barsic, N., Zupan, D., Hegazi, A., Truncikova, V., Fryba, V., Mohamed, M., Nagi, A., Rashad Temerik, A., Elshawy, M. E., Mahmoud, M. I., Anwar, M., Rageh, T., Elmokadem, A., Gaballa, K., Teppo, S., Pengerma, P., Ballouhey, Q., Bergeat, D., Weyl, A., Hain, E., Gyedu, A., Yenli, E., Osei-Poku, D., Rompou, V. -A., Zoikas, A., Gaitanidis, A., Koukis, G., Perivoliotis, K., Tavlas, P., Galanos-Demiris, K., Zografos, G., Karavokyros, I., Xanthopoulou, G., Iordanidou, E., Ayau, F., Garcia, A., Damjan, P., Wason, D., B L, A., Rangganata, E., Kamath, P., O'Connor, D. B., Pinto, M., Perrone, F., Tropeano, F. P., Troilo, F., Bossi, D., Scala, D., Pulitano, L., Carella, M., Pietrabissa, A., Gori, A., Giraudo, G., De Simone, V., Russo, A. A., Braccio, B., Al-Taher, R., Athamneh, S., Parker, A., Sawiee, A., Kattia, A., Tababa, O., Shaeeb, Z., Syminas, V., Jurgaitis, J., Damuleviciene, G., Svagzdys, S., Razafimanjato, N. N. M., Chieng Loo, L., Tiong, I. C., Wan Muhmad, W. F., Vijeyan, H., Li Ying, T., Grech, G., Arrangoiz, R., Jimenez Ley, V. B., Arizpe, D., Lagunes Lara, E., Castro Lopez, E. V., Eaazim, J., Gordinou de Gouberville, M., Bastiaenen, V., Rottier, S., Nahab, F., Ji, M. Y., Seyoji, M., Nwachukwu, C., Emeghara, O., Muhammed, S. E., Idowu, A., Sowemimo, O., Ogundoyin, O., Akande, O., Lott, A., Nadeem, M., Laghari, A. A., Loya, A., Mushtaq, H., Abdullah, M. T., Abuhilal, B., Atawneh, M., Hamdan, H., Alhabil, B., Srour, A., Mousa, I., Da Silva Medina, L., Bartosiak, K., Ferreira, P., Francisco, V., Lemos, R., Frutuoso, L., Fernandes, S., Fonseca, T., Pereira, J., Rachadell, J., Torre, A., Madeira Martins, F., Carvalho, A. C., Rodrigues Ferreira, J., Ribeiro da Silva, B., Devesa, H., Vieira, A., Monica, I., Amaro, M., Sousa, D., Reia, M., Louro, J., Martins, A., Dominguez, J., Santos, I., Freitas Oliveira, N. M., Pereira, J. C., Silva-Vaz, P., Freire, L., Escrevente, R., Negoita, V. M., Shakhmatov, D., Nezerwa, Y., Radulovic, R., Obery, G., Viljoen, F., Mendes, T., Suarez, A., Moncada, E., Fernandez-Hevia, M., Curtis Martinez, C., Gil Garcia, J. M., Gonzalez Zunzarren, M., Idris, T., Eklov, K., Grahn, O., Amin, L., Blomqvist, M., Ajani, C., Kraus, R., Seeger, N., Willemin, M., Rayya, F., Ayash, M., Msouti, R., Kannas, I., Abazid, E., Esper, A., Slim, S., Kavcar, A. S., Aytac, E., Dural, A. C., Ilker, A., Eray, I. C., Kurnaz, E., Altiner, S., Tepe, M. D., Sahin, C., Savli, E., Innocent, A., Babirye, L., Diachenko, A., Hordoskiy, V., Curry, H., Chau, C. Y. C., Robertson, H., Lennon, H., Loi, L., Kirkham, E., Mccann, C., Watts, D., Gurung, B., Wilson, M., Tribedi, T., Garofalo, E., Zahra, B., Macdonald, S., Daniels, I., Ng, N., Khosla, S., Olivier, J., Yue, S. Y. P., Suresh, G., Wellington, J., Lorejo, E., Mossaad, M., Crutcher, M., Alimi, M., Baiu, I., Abdou, H., Conway, A., Peck, C., Perdomo Perez, M. A., Zulu, S., Nakazwe, M., Burger, S., Davies, J., Donaldson, R., Ede, C., Garden, O. J., Lesetedi, C., Mabedi, C., Magill, L., Makinde Alakaloko, F., Makupe, A., Monahan, M., Mulira, S., Muller, E., Musowoyo, J., Olory-Togbe, J. L., Roberts, T., Smith, M., Tayler, V., Windsor, J., Yepez, R., Sundar, S., Runigamugabo, E., Verjee, A., Chen, J., Daya, L., El Aroussi, N., Farina, V., Gnintedeme Olivier, T., Gonzales Nacarino, M., Hammani, A., Honjo, S., Jacobs, R., Kimura, H., Nkoronko, M., Oscullo Yepez, J. J., Pin Hung, W., Raj, A., Romani Pozo, A., Rommaneh, M., Sassamela Fabiano, S. C., Shiroma Gago, C. M., Srinivas, A., Sung, C. -Y., Tai, A., Valle Aranda, Y. C., Venturini, S., Wilguens Lartigue, J., Public and occupational health, AMS - Sports, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Albarella, Sara
Subjects: global surgery, hospitals, humans, income, neoplasms, postoperative period, poverty, prospective studies, no keywords listed, General Medicine, Prospective Studie, Hospital, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, outcome, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Neoplasms, surgery, Postoperative Period, Poverty, Prospective Studies, cancer surgery, Human, hospital facilities
Abstract: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022

47. Comparison of a removable offloading device and routine care to heal plantar ulcers due to leprosy and diabetes in the community

Author: Richard, Lilford, primary, Darlong, Joydeepa, additional, and Napit, Indra, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Bayesian analysis of a systematic review of early versus late tracheostomy in ICU patients

Author: Laura Quinn, Tonny Veenith, Julian Bion, Karla Hemming, Tony Whitehouse, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Intensive Care Units, Tracheostomy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Critical Illness, Humans, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated, Bayes Theorem, Length of Stay, Respiration, Artificial
Abstract: A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of early vs late tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated patients suggest that early tracheostomy reduces the duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation, but does not reduce short-term mortality or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Meta-analysis of randomised trials is typically performed using a frequentist approach, and although reporting confidence intervals, interpretation is usually based on statistical significance. To provide a robust basis for clinical decision-making, we completed the search used from the previous review and analysed the data using Bayesian methods to estimate posterior probabilities of the effect of early tracheostomy on clinical outcomes.The search was completed for RCTS comparing early vs late tracheostomy in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library in June 2022. Effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the outcomes short-term mortality, VAP, duration of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation. A Bayesian meta-analysis was performed with uninformative priors. Risk ratios (RRs) and standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% credible intervals were reported alongside posterior probabilities for any benefit (RR1; SMD0), a small benefit (number needed to treat, 200; SMD-0.5), or modest benefit (number needed to treat, 100; SMD-1).Nineteen RCTs with 3508 patients were included. Comparing patients with early vs late tracheostomy, the posterior probabilities for any benefit, small benefit, and modest benefit, respectively, were: 99%, 99%, and 99% for short-term mortality; 94%, 78%, and 51% for VAP; 97%, 43%, and 1% for duration of mechanical ventilation; and 97%, 75%, and 27% and for length of ICU stay.Bayesian meta-analysis suggests a high probability that early tracheostomy compared with delayed tracheostomy has at least some benefit across all clinical outcomes considered.
Published: 2022

49. Surgical implementation gap: an interrupted time series analysis with interviews examining the impact of surgical trials on surgical practice in England

Author: Kelly Ann Schmidtke, Felicity Evison, Amy Grove, Laura Kudrna, Olga Tucker, Andy Metcalfe, Andrew W Bradbury, Aneel Bhangu, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Health Policy
Abstract: ObjectivesLandmark studies published near the turn of the 21st century found an implementation gap concerning the effect of evidenced-based findings on clinical practice. The current study examines the uptake of six trials that produced actionable findings to describe the effects of evidence on practice and the reasons for those effects.DesignA sequential, explanatory mixed methods study was conducted. First, a quantitative study assessed whether actionable findings from large, publicly funded elective surgical trials influenced practice. Subsequently, qualitative interviews were conducted to explain the quantitative findings.SettingChanges in NHS-funded practice were tracked across hospitals in England. Interviews were conducted online.Data and participantsThe six surgical trials were funded and published by England’s National Institute for Health Research’s Health Technology Assessment programme between 2006 and 2015. Quantitative time series analyses used data about the frequencies or proportions of relevant surgical procedures conducted in England between 2001 and 2020. Subsequently, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 participants including study authors, surgeons and other healthcare staff in the supply chain. Transcripts were coded to identify major temporal events and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains/constructs that could influence implementation. Findings were synthesised by clinical area.ResultsThe quantitative analyses reveal that practice changed in accordance with findings for three trials. In one trial (percutaneous vs nasogastric tube feed after stroke), the change took a decade to occur. In another (patella resurfacing), change anticipated the trial findings. In the third (abdominal aortic aneurysm repair), changes tracked the evolving evidence base. In the remaining trials (two about varicose veins and one about gastric reflux), practice did not change in line with findings. For varicose veins, the results were superseded by a further trial. For gastric reflux, surgical referrals declined as medical treatment increased. The exploratory qualitative analysis informed by CFIR found that evidence from sources apart from the trial in question was mentioned as a reason for non-adoption in the three trials where evidence did not affect practice and in the trial where uptake was delayed. There were no other consistent patterns in the qualitative data.ConclusionWhile practice does not always change in the direction indicated by clinical trials, our results suggest that individuals, official committees and professional societies do assimilate trial evidence. Decision-makers seem to respond to the totality of evidence such that there are often plausible reasons for not adopting the evidence of any one trial in isolation.
Published: 2022

50. Burn Admissions Across Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Repeated Cross-sectional Survey

Author: Laura Quinn, Tanveer Ahmed, Henry Falk, Ariel Miranda Altamirano, Adelin Muganza, Kiran Nakarmi, Ahmed Nawar, Michael Peck, Shankar Man Rai, Jo Sartori, Luiz Philipe Molina Vana, Benjamin Wabwire, Naiem Moiemen, and Richard Lilford
Subjects: Rehabilitation, Emergency Medicine, Surgery
Abstract: Burn injuries have decreased markedly in high-income countries while the incidence of burns remains high in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) where more than 90% of burns are thought to occur. However, the cause of burns in LMIC is poorly documented. The aim was to document the causes of severe burns and the changes over time. A cross-sectional survey was completed for 2014 and 2019 in eight burn centers across Africa, Asia, and Latin America: Cairo, Nairobi, Ibadan, Johannesburg, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Sao Paulo, and Guadalajara. The information summarised included demographics of burn patients, location, cause, and outcomes of burns. In total, 15,344 patients were admitted across all centers, 37% of burns were women and 36% of burns were children. Burns occurred mostly in household settings (43–79%). In Dhaka and Kathmandu, occupational burns were also common (32 and 43%, respectively). Hot liquid and flame burns were most common while electric burns were also common in Dhaka and Sao Paulo. The type of flame burns varies by center and year, in Dhaka, 77% resulted from solid fuel in 2014 while 74% of burns resulted from Liquefied Petroleum Gas in 2019. In Nairobi, a large proportion (32%) of burns were intentional self-harm or assault. The average length of stay in hospitals decreased from 2014 to 2019. The percentage of deaths ranged from 5% to 24%. Our data provide important information on the causes of severe burns which can provide guidance in how to approach the development of burn injury prevention programs in LMIC.
Published: 2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Category

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

165 results on '"Richard Lilford"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources