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The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. There are various positions on what literature represents ‘core’ event management research and to what degree ‘peripheral’ tourism and hospitality (T&H) literature influences and overlaps with this field. Previous literature reviews have made progress but methodological challenges remain. The influences of journal lists, performance-based research funding systems and selective databases are discussed regarding the journal selection of events researchers. An exploratory approach to charting the core and periphery of events related research was taken. Firstly, the relevance of a wide range of journals to event management research was tested using a measure of inter-rater agreement. Twenty-four of the fifty-three journals reviewed were selected as relevant. Secondly, a bibliometric analysis of highly cited articles was carried out. 272 of 480 papers from 2008-2018 were selected and further examined using citation analysis. Three, four-star journals accounted for 60% of all references within the sample, despite only accounting for 23% of the total article volume. Quantitative research and articles about festivals or sports events were predominant in the sample, although the research methodology used and types of events chosen by individual articles had limited or no effect on the number of citations received. Most (77%) authors were based in Australia, Europe, New Zealand and North America. Future reviews are advised to investigate blended approaches, open data, non-selective databases and international perspectives.

The growing prominence of platforms in news consumption has raised scholarly concerns about potential impacts on trust in news, which has declined in many countries. However, less is known about how journalists themselves perceive this relationship, which matters for understanding how they use these technologies. In this paper, we draw on 85 interviews with news workers from four countries in both the Global North and South to examine journalists’ narratives—as metajournalistic discourse—about how platforms impact trust in news. We find that practitioners across all environments express mostly critical ideas about platforms vis-à-vis trust on two different levels. First, they describ platforms as disruptive to journalistic practices in ways that strain traditional norms on which trust is based. Second, they discuss platforms as altering the contexts in which journalistic texts and discourses about journalism circulate, weakening the profession’s authority. Despite these reservations, most continue relying on platforms to reach audiences, highlighting the complex choices they must make in an increasingly platform-dominated media environment. As discourses connecting journalistic practice and meaning, these narratives speak to tensions within journalism as a profession around appropriate norms and practices, and challenges to the profession’s claims to authority.

How did the 2020 coronavirus pandemic affect people's online news consumption? To understand this, we present a comparative analysis of data on an estimated 905B desktop and mobile visits to news outlets, and 54B Facebook engagements, generated by news outlets in the US, UK, France, and Germany between 2017 and 2021. We find that in 2020 online news consumption increased. Trustworthy news outlets benefited the most from the increase in web traffic. In the UK trustworthy news outlets also benefited the most from the increase in Facebook engagement, but in other countries both trustworthy and untrustworthy news outlets benefited from the increase in Facebook engagement. Overall, untrustworthy news outlets captured 2.3% of web traffic and 14.0% of Facebook engagement, while news outlets regularly publishing false content accounted for 1.4% of web traffic and 6.8% of Facebook engagement. People largely turned to trustworthy news outlets during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

BACKGROUND Interventions delivering information through the internet and via text messages to mobile phones have been widely adopted as a means to reach parents with health and parenting information and support. However, retaining participants, once enrolled, remains a challenge. The SMS4dads text messaging program, developed in Australia, has delivered texts to over 10,000 fathers. While acceptance of the program is good, almost one in five ask to be removed. Analysing and reporting attrition from digital parenting programs such as SMS4dads may assist in developing more effective interventions. OBJECTIVE Examine multiple attrition measures in a text-based intervention targeting fathers. METHODS Demographic characteristics, program features, participant views, and para data were examined to identify attrition factors among fathers. RESULTS Participants who were smokers, recorded risky alcohol consumption, had a lower education level, or signed up antenatally, had 30%-47% higher hazard of dropout from the program while participant age, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status, rurality, and psychological distress score (K10 category) were not associated with dropout. Of those who replied with a reason for dropping out (202/605; 33.4%) almost half cited ‘Other reasons’ (n=83, 41.1%), followed by ‘Not helpful’ (n=47; 23.3%) and ‘Too busy’ (n=44; 21.8%). Fifty two percent of inactive participants (those who had not clicked on any links or Mood Checker for at least 10 weeks) confirmed that they wanted to remain in the program, 18% chose to drop out, and 29% remained in the program. CONCLUSIONS Analysing program features can provide additional guidance for improving program adherence. In this case, repeated surveys and specific message content were not related to drop out while demographic features such as low education were. As well, seeking feedback from inactive participants allowed an estimate of dropouts among this group. Planning for evaluations of attrition from health and parenting text-based programs may need to be done early in the design phase of the research.

Concern over misinformation on social media has amplified calls to improve the public’s knowledge about how news is produced, distributed and financed. This study investigates the relationship between people’s news media knowledge and the ways in which they use social media for news using online survey data in five countries: the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Spain and Sweden ( N = 10,595). We find that people with higher news media knowledge are more likely to include social media in their news repertoire – but not as their main or only source of news. Second, we find that news media knowledge is positively associated with paying attention to source and editorial cues. When it comes to different social endorsement cues, news media knowledge is positively associated with paying attention to the person who shared the news, but negatively associated with paying attention to the number of likes, comments and shares.

Background: East African countries have high rates of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that involvement of male partners in reproductive health can benefit maternal and child health. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the evidence across East Africa that describes male partner involvement and its effect on maternal and child wellbeing in reproductive, maternal or child health. Methods: Ten databases were searched to identify quantitative data on male’s involvement in East African countries. Studies reporting qualitative data, non-East-African samples, ‘intention to use’ data or only reporting on male partner’s education or economic status were excluded. Studies were organised into five a priori categories: antenatal care (ANC), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), breastfeeding, family planning, and intimate partner violence (IPV) with further categories developed based on studies included. Results: A total of 2787 records were identified, 644 full-texts were reviewed and 96 studies were included in this review. Data were reported on 118,967 mothers/pregnant women and 15,361 male partners (typically reported by their female partners or coparents). Most of the studies (n=83) were reported from four countries Ethiopia (n=49), Kenya (n=14), Tanzania (n=12) and Uganda (n=10). The evidence indicates that male partner involvement and support is associated with improved reproductive, maternal and child health across a wide range of outcomes. However, the studies were heterogenous, using diverse exposure and outcome measures and reporting varying effect sizes, levels of men’s involvement and types of support. As well, male partners’ lack of practical and emotional support, and engagement in violent behaviours towards partners, were associated with profound negative impacts on maternal and child health and wellbeing. Conclusions: The body of evidence, although heterogenous, provides compelling support for male involvement in reproductive health programs designed to support maternal and child health. To advance research in this field, agreement is needed on a measure of male partner 'involvement'. To optimise benefits of male partner’s involvement, developing core outcome sets and regional coordination across health conditions are recommended.

Although both fathers and mothers speak differently in infant-directed speech (IDS) compared to adult-directed speech (ADS), the acoustic characteristics of present-day paternal IDS are still insuf...

Watching sound die out A gas of strongly interacting fermionic atoms can serve as a model for systems with densities and energies spanning many orders of magnitude. This universality of physics comes about thanks to a property known as scale invariance. Patel et al. exploited this concept to draw universal conclusions about the attenuation of sound in such systems by studying a homogeneous gas of lithium-6 atoms at very low temperatures (see the Perspective by Schaefer). They found that below the superfluid transition, the sound diffusivity behaved not unlike what has been observed in helium-4, a fluid of strongly interacting bosons. Science , this issue p. 1222 ; see also p. 1162

Does the news media exacerbate or reduce misinformation problems? Although some news media deliberately try to counter misinformation, it has been suggested that they might also inadvertently, and sometimes purposefully, amplify it. We conducted a two-wave panel survey in Brazil, India, and the UK (N = 4732) to investigate the effect of news and digital platform use, on awareness of and belief in COVID-19 misinformation over time. We found little support for the idea that the news exacerbates misinformation problems. News use broadened people’s awareness of false claims, but did not increase the likelihood that people would believe them—and in some cases, news use actually weakened false belief acquisition, depending on access mode (online or offline) and outlet type. In line with previous research, we also find that news use strengthens political knowledge gain over time, again depending on outlets used. The effect of digital platforms was inconsistent across countries, and in most cases not significant—though some, like Twitter, were associated with positive outcomes while a few others were associated with negative outcomes. Overall, our findings challenge the notion that news media, by reporting on false and misleading claims, ultimately leave the public more misinformed, and support the idea that news helps people become more informed and, in some cases, more resilient to misinformation.

Objective: During the perinatal period, partners of mothers with severe mental illness (SMI) play an important role in managing the new baby and supporting the mothers’ wellbeing. Providing information via mobile phone on infant care, partner support and self-care may assist partners in their support role. Method: Partners (n = 23) of mothers with SMI were enrolled in a partner-focused SMS service sending brief texts 14 times per month for a maximum of 10 months. Partners (n = 16) were interviewed on exit and their responses analysed for acceptability and perceived usefulness of the texts. Results: Partners remained with the programme and expressed high acceptability of the texts. Participants identified effects such as increased knowledge of and interaction with their baby; effective support for their partner; and reassurance that ‘things were normal’. Few partners sought support for their own mental health. Conclusions: Texts supplied to mobile phones of partners of new mothers with SMI may increase partners’ support. The texts in this study were acceptable to partners and were reported to enhance a partner’s focus on the mother’s needs, raise the partner’s awareness of the infant’s needs, and support the partner’s confidence and competence in infant care.

The file attached to this record is the Publisher's final version. Questionnaire-based surveys are a common data collection tool in events research as established by earlier reviews of methods within the literature. This paper examines and critiques the historic development, current position, gaps in knowledge and future implications for surveybased research. 286 articles from four events-specific journals were reviewed. Some diversity is found within survey-based research, however the majority was carried out: as a single method (86%), in physical proximity to the event (67%), during the event (49%), using paper-based forms (65%), designed for self-completion (94%). The most common events targeted were: Sports (43%) Festivals & Celebrations (20%) and Music (12%). The stakeholders targeted were: Audiences (54%), Non-participants (16%) and Managers (12%). Sampling methods, where stated, were likely to be random (23%) or convenience based (22%). Despite the predominance of this data collection tool, numerous areas are ideally in need of further understanding and experimentation. Mixed methods, multiple surveys and more deliberate approaches to sampling are required. Despite an audience focus, ‘before and after’ studies are lacking. Electronic surveys and other emerging technologies undoubtedly provide options but these do not appear to have been investigated or adopted with sufficient rigour. Targeting stakeholders other than audiences, covering a broader range of events and longitudinal studies would also be desirable. The use of survey-based research by policy makers and funders is discussed as it potentially orients towards what the authors term ‘operationalised knowledge management’. A brief but comprehensive typology of survey methods is established to aid future researchers.

Some worry that increased partisanship is lowering trust in the news media, as people increasingly come into contact with cross-cutting news coverage. We use multilevel analysis of online survey data from 35 countries and find that left-right partisans (1) have slightly less trust in the news media in general, (2) slightly higher levels of trust in the news they consume and (3) perceive a larger ‘trust gap’ between the news they use and the rest of the news available within their country. However, we do not find evidence to support the idea that people in more politically polarized countries have less trust in the news, or that the association between partisanship and trust is strengthened in polarized political environments. Although in most cases the relationship between partisanship and trust is weak, it is noticeably stronger in the United States. However, the United States is home to a unique media system, and our analysis highlights the problems of assuming that the processes at work in one relatively well-understood country are playing out in the same way globally.

usc Issue addressed: To raise expectant fathers' awareness of risk factors for stillbirth. Methods: A set of brief text messages was developed addressing recognised risk factors for stillbirth: avoidance of maternal cigarette smoking, maternal going to sleep on side messaging, awareness of the importance of noticing and reporting changes in foetal movement and fathers' involvement in shared decision making for timing of birth. Eight messages were inserted into the SMS4dads pilot program being conducted by NSW Health. Feedback on the messages was requested. Participants rated the quality of the messages on a three-point Likert scale and provided comments. Results: Overall, 2528 messages were sent to 626 fathers' mobile phones, 45% of fathers replied with 666 ratings and 115 comments evaluating the texts. The quantitative ratings indicated substantial overall approval of the messages. Within the coding category “Evaluation of Message Content,” three themes described fathers' reactions and feelings about the smoking, movement, side sleeping and birth timing messages: “important-good information,” “not appropriate/anxiety provoking” and “not relevant-obvious.” Three themes reflecting the attributes of the messages within the “Service Quality” category were “need more information,” “complements public health” and “child voice fit.” Conclusions: Results indicate that the messages are an acceptable way to provide information and suggested actions addressing stillbirth risk factors to fathers-to-be. So what?: Fathers' awareness of the risk factors for stillbirth can assist mothers to take appropriate actions for a healthy birth. Information on risk factors can be provided to fathers via a father-focused text messaging service. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Polarization is a key area of interest for media and communication scholars. We develop a way of measuring how polarized news audience behaviour is at the national level. Then, we analyze survey data from twelve countries and find (1) that cross-platform (online and offline) news audience polarization is highest in the United States, and within Europe, higher in polarized pluralist/southern countries than in democratic corporatist countries. Furthermore, (2) in most countries, online news audience polarization is higher than offline, but in a small number it’s lower. Taken together, our findings highlight that, despite the well-documented fears associated with algorithmic selection, news audience polarization is not inevitable in environments that are increasingly characterized by digital news consumption, and that the historical, economic, and political factors emphasized by the comparative tradition remain critically important for our understanding of global trends.

Paternal mental health is beginning to be recognized as an essential part of perinatal health. Historically, fathers were not recognized as being at risk for perinatal mental illnesses or relevant to maternal and infant health outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of paternal perinatal mental health, leading tools to assess paternal depression and anxiety, the impact of paternal mental health on mother and child health, and future directions for the field. An international team of paternal perinatal mental health experts summarized the key findings of the field. Fathers have an elevated risk of depression and anxiety disorders during the perinatal period that is associated with maternal depression and can impact their ability to support mothers. Paternal mental health is uniquely associated with child mental health and developmental outcomes starting from infancy and continuing through the child lifespan. Tailored screening approaches for paternal mental health are essential to support fathers early in the perinatal period, which would offset health risks for the family. Recommendations on paternal mental health are provided on four key areas to support father perinatal mental health: (1) intervention research, (2) clinical training, (3) national policy, and (4) the inclusion of fathers in the focus of the International Marce Society for Perinatal Mental Health.

Concern over online news echo chambers has been a consistent theme in recent debates on how people get news and information. Yet, we lack a basic descriptive understanding of how many people occupy bounded online news spaces in different countries. Using online survey data from seven countries we find that (i) politically partisan left-right online news echo chambers are real, but only a minority of approximately 5% of internet news users inhabit them, (ii) in every country covered, more people consume no online news at all than occupy partisan online echo chambers, and (iii) except for the US, decisions over the inclusion or exclusion of particular news outlets make little difference to echo chamber estimates. Differences within and between media systems mean we should be very cautious about direct comparisons between different echo chambers, but underlying patterns of audience overlap, and the continued popularity of mainstream outlets, often preclude the formation of large partisan echo chambers.

Pulmonary diseases are a leading cause of mortality and disability, but lack of simple low-cost tools to help diagnose and screen for such diseases. In this paper, we present results from a preliminary study exploring the use of thermal imaging as a possible diagnostic tool for several common pulmonary diseases including Asthma, COPD, ILD, Allergic Rhinitis, and Respiratory Infection. As part of a global health study, thermal images of the face were collected from 125 pulmonary disease patients as well as 11 healthy controls. All subjects were evaluated using a full pulmonary function test (PFT) and diagnosed by an experienced chest physician. For each pulmonary disease, we developed a separate naive 2-layer CNN model as well as a transfer learning CNN model, using a more complex pre-trained ResNet50 model. The naive CNN models demonstrated an accuracy of AUC = 0.75 for respiratory infection and an AUC=0.76 for COPD, but lacked any significant predictive value for other pulmonary diseases. The transfer learning CNN models demonstrated an accuracy of AUC = 0.82 for respiratory infection and AUC=0.81 for COPD, but exhibited poor performance for other pulmonary diseases. From these results, we conclude that a facial thermal image can be a useful tool to help identify respiratory infections as well as COPD. It is also important to note that none of the patients in our study had a significant fever (T >100.4 °F) that would be predictive of infection, and our CNN models were also able to distinguish Respiratory Infection from other pulmonary diseases including COPD. Given that thermal imaging is a non-contact measurement, such a tool could be of tremendous value in low resource settings or global health.

A growing number of individuals expressly choose to remain childless, yet research exploring these intentions in men remains scarce. This study examines the experiences, subjective reasoning, and decision-making processes of voluntarily childless Australian men near the median age for first-time fatherhood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Australian-resident men (28–34 years; M = 31; SD = 1.48). Participants were selected from the Men and Parenting Pathways longitudinal cohort study ( N = 609) based on having stated they did not want to have children “at all.” Data were collected and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis identified a superordinate theme; Fatherhood: The door is still ajar, which was marked by the men’s reluctance to unequivocally commit to a childless future. Subordinate themes were The Realization, The Talk (or lack of…), The Rationale, and The Pressure. At the normative age for transitioning to parenthood, role choices are salient. Overall, men’s decision-making process to not have children appears to be fluid and influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Despite changing social trends and acceptance of divergent life trajectories, these men are acutely aware that their intentions place them outside the norm. In policy and practice, it is important to recognize the changing norms around fatherhood timing and support voluntarily childless men and couples in constructing their identities, life course, incongruent decisions, and relationships.

Healthy Dads Healthy Kids (HDHK) was the first program internationally to specifically target overweight and obese fathers to improve their children's health. In previous randomized controlled trials, HDHK generated meaningful short-term improvements in the adiposity, physical activity, and eating behaviors of both fathers and children. The aim of this dissemination trial was to evaluate the 12-month impact of HDHK when delivered by trained facilitators across four low socioeconomic and regional communities in the Hunter Region, Australia. The study was a nonrandomized, prospective trial with minimal eligibility criteria (i.e., father body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2 and children aged 4-12 years). HDHK included eight weekly practical and theoretical sessions. Assessments were baseline, 3 months (post-intervention), 6-months, and 12-months. The primary outcome was fathers' weight. Secondary outcomes included child BMI z-score and validated lifestyle behavior measures (e.g., physical activity, diet). Overall, 189 fathers (mean age: 40.2 years, BMI: 32.6 kg/m2) and 306 children (mean age: 8.1 years) participated in one of 10 HDHK programs in four areas. Intention-to-treat linear mixed models revealed a significant mean reduction in fathers' weight at post-intervention (-3.6 kg, 95% confidence interval: -4.3, -2.9), which was maintained at 12 months (71% retention). Corresponding improvements were also detected in children's BMI z-score and a range of lifestyle behaviors for both fathers and children. Attendance and satisfaction levels were high. Positive intervention effects observed in previous randomized controlled trials were largely replicated and sustained for 12 months when HDHK was delivered by trained local facilitators in underserved communities. Further investigation into the key systems, processes, and contextual factors required to deliver HDHK at scale appears warranted.

Social media platforms allow people to exert some control over their news feeds, even though not everyone utilizes the relevant features. This article conceptualizes consumptive news feed curation ...

Mental health promotion and prevention with expecting and new fathers has historically been challenging. Approximately 10% of this population report experiencing depression in the post-partum period and 18% report experiencing anxiety. This population may be further at risk if their partner has a mental illness.To assess if information provided by SMS may be a way to reach a vulnerable population of new fathers with partners who have a mental illness.Twenty-three new and expecting fathers who have partners with a mental illness were engaged in a qualitative assessment of their experience with the SMS4Dads programme.This analysis showed that at risk new fathers appreciated the information received during the programme and reported acting on this, making changes in the way they interact with their children.The combination of timely, accurate and practical information delivered in a novel way, likely contributed to the reports of improved interactions within the family unit.

The dominance of interactions over kinetic energy lies at the heart of strongly correlated quantum matter, from fractional quantum Hall liquids, to atoms in optical lattices and twisted bilayer graphene. Crystalline phases often compete with correlated quantum liquids, and transitions between them occur when the energy cost of forming a density wave approaches zero. A prime example occurs for electrons in high magnetic fields, where the instability of quantum Hall liquids towards a Wigner crystal is heralded by a roton-like softening of density modulations at the magnetic length. Remarkably, interacting bosons in a gauge field are also expected to form analogous liquid and crystalline states. However, combining interactions with strong synthetic magnetic fields has been a challenge for experiments on bosonic quantum gases. Here, we study the purely interaction-driven dynamics of a Landau gauge Bose-Einstein condensate in and near the lowest Landau level. We observe a spontaneous crystallization driven by condensation of magneto-rotons, excitations visible as density modulations at the magnetic length. Increasing the cloud density smoothly connects this behaviour to a quantum version of the Kelvin-Helmholtz hydrodynamic instability, driven by the sheared internal flow profile of the rapidly rotating condensate. At long times the condensate self-organizes into a persistent array of droplets, separated by vortex streets, which are stabilized by a balance of interactions and effective magnetic forces.

In this chapter, Richard Fletcher examines some of the key findings from the 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report. This report analysed online data dealing with news consumption from approximately 74,000 respondents internationally, with particular focus on their “level of concern over and exposure to specific types of misinformation and disinformation associated with the news”. One of its main findings was that just over half of the respondents were either “very” or “extremely” concerned about bias, poor journalism, and completely made-up news. However, Fletcher explains that the level and areas of concern varies from country to country. For example, in Eastern Europe, the questionnaire showed that “misleading advertising was more of a concern than in many other parts of the world”. Fletcher analyses each key finding of the report, including the public perception of “fake news” as a term, and who news audiences think should do more to fix problems associated with misinformation. He concludes by emphasising the importance of monitoring public concern over misinformation, in order to properly address the problems it poses.