12 results on '"Richard Avery Zinn"'
Search Results
2. Practical parameters for assessing starch digestion and feeding value of steam-flaked corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle
- Author
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Manuel Alejandro Franco-Hernández, Luis Corona, Alejandro Plascencia, and Richard Avery Zinn
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Corn ,starch ,processing ,digestion ,cattle ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Six Holstein steers (153 kg ± 11) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design experiment to compare flake density (FD, kg/L), flake thickness (FT, mm), amyloglucosidase reactivity (AGR, % DM) and faecal starch (FS, % DM) as predictors of ruminal (RSD, %) and total tract (TSD, %) starch digestion. Dietary treatments consisted of a finishing diet containing 77% corn. The six corn processing treatments consisted of dry-rolled corn (DRC) with a density of 0.54 kg/L, and steam-flaked corn (SFC) processed to obtain densities of 0.46, 0.41, 0.36, 0.31 and 0.26 kg/L. Compared with DRC, steam flaking enhanced postruminal (34.2%, P
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Influence of substituting steam-flaked corn for dry rolled corn on feedlot cattle growth performance when cattle are allowed either or restricted access to the finishing diet
- Author
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Víctor Manuel González-Vizcarra, Alejandro Plascencia, Daniel Ramos-Aviña, and Richard Avery Zinn
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Corn Processing ,Time of Feeding ,Steers ,Finishing ,Performance ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective The influence of substituting steam-flaked corn (SFC) for dry rolled corn (DRC) on feedlot cattle growth performance and dietary net energy when cattle are allowed either ad libitum or 2-h restricted access to the finishing diet was evaluated. Methods Treatment effects were tested using 96 crossbred steers (251±2 kg) during the initial 56 d of the finishing phase. Cattle were blocked by weight and randomly assigned within blocks to 16 pens (4 pens/treatment). Bunk space was sufficient (41 cm/head) to allow all steers access to the feed bunk at the same time. Treatments consisted of two finishing diets containing (dry matter basis) 77.1% corn grain processed by dry rolling (density = 0.50 kg/L) or steam flaking (density = 0.36 kg/L). Cattle were fed twice daily at 06:00 and 14:00 h, allowing for approximately 5% residual. In the case of restricted feeding, steers were allowed access to feeders for 1 h following each feeding, after which residual feed was withdrawn. Results There were no treatment interactions on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain efficiency (G:F), or dietary net energy (NE). Restricting feed access time reduced (p
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- 2017
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4. Digestion and energy value of macerated sudangrass hay used in growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle
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Alejandro Plascencia Jorquera, José Gerardo Serrano Ponce, Berenice Sánchez-Mendoza, Alberto Barreras Serrano, José Fernando Calderón-Cortés, María Alejandra López-Soto, Martín Francisco Montaño Gómez, and Richard Avery Zinn
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Sorghum sudanense ,feed value ,maceration ,steers ,forages ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Mechanical maceration enhances site and extent of digestion of low-moisture, low-quality forages. Four Holstein steers (172 ± 8 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in 4x4 Latin square design to evaluate the process of mechanical maceration of sudangrass hay on the characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. Treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based growing diet supplemented with 21 % forage (DM basis) as: i) wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, STRW), ii) sudangrass hay (Sorghum sudanense, SG), iii) macerated SG at intensity of 4,134 kPa (MAC600) and 4) macerated SG at intensity of 6,200 kPa (MAC900). All forages were ground to pass through a 3.8 cm screen before incorporation into complete mixed diets (21:79 forage to concentrate ratio). Maceration did not affect (p ≥ 0.17) on site and extent of OM, N and ADF, and DE of sudangrass supplemented diets. Characteristics of ruminal digestion of OM, ADF, starch, as well as, microbial efficiency (microbial N, g kg-1 of OM fermentad) and protein efficiency (nonammonia N, g g-1 of N intake) were not different (p ≥ 0.11) for wheat straw versus sudangrass supplemented diets. However, total tract digestion of OM, ADF, N, and DE diet were greater (p ≤ 0.05) for sudangrass than for wheat straw supplemented diets. Using the replacement technique, DE value of SG averaged 9.59 MJ kg-1, very close to the expected value given its chemical composition. Mechanical maceration did not enhance the feeding value of sudangrass hay. Increase the intensity of maceration from 4,134 to 6,200 kPa did not altered ruminal or total tract digestion of OM, NDF or energy value of processed hay
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- 2011
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5. Partial replacement of broom sorghum panicle residue and tallow with whole cottonseed in growing-finishing diets for lambs
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Jesús David Urías-Estrada, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo, Beatriz Isabel Castro-Pérez, Alejandro Plascencia, Xiomara Patricia Perea-Domínguez, Alberto Barreras, Luis Corona-Gochi, and Richard Avery Zinn
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General Veterinary ,broom sorghum residue ,tallow ,lambs ,performance ,whole cottonseed ,carcass - Abstract
Sixty-four Pelibuey × Katahdin male lambs (14.3± 2.2 kg initial live weight) were used in an 84-d growing-finishing trial to evaluate optimal levels of inclusion of whole cottonseed (WCS) in a broom sorghum panicle residue-based diet. Dietary treatments consisted in partial replacement of broom sorghum panicle residue (SPR) and tallow with 0, 10, 20 or 30% WCS. Control diet contained 66.5% PSR and 3% tallow, and replacing were as follows: 10% of WCS replaced 9% SPR and 1% tallow (WCS10), 20% WCS replaced 18 SPR and 2% tallow (WCS20), and 30% WCS replaced 27% SPR and 3% tallow (WCS30). Inclusion of WCS increased (quadratic component, P=0.03) average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and gain efficiency. However, with increasing level of WCS substitution the observed/expected dietary net energy ratio decreased (linear effect, P
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- 2022
6. Effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as feed additive of steers consuming high energy diets: growth performance and nutrient digestion
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Alejandro Plascencia, Iván Guadalupe Martínez-Alvarez, Martín Montano, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo, Jesús David Urías-Estrada, Beatriz Isabel Castro-Pérez, and Richard Avery Zinn
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General Veterinary ,ruminal fermentation ,spirulina ,digestion ,performance ,feedlot cattle - Abstract
Two trials were performed in order to evaluate the effects of spirulina platensis (SP) supplemented (0, 0.5, and 1.0% of diet DM) in high-energy diet on nutrient digestion and growth-performance of feedlot cattle. The dose of each treatment was top dressed and mixed directly with the basal diet at time of feeding. In Trial 1, six cannulated Holstein steers (281±2 kg) were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin square experiment. Supplemental SP did not affect ruminal and total tract nutrient digestion. Ruminal microbial efficiency (quadratic component, P=0.06), nitrogen efficiency (linear component, P=0.10) and ruminal pH (linear, P=0.06) tended decrease with SP supplementation, without effects on ruminal VFA or estimated methane production. In Trial 2, 108 medium-frame crossbred steers (182±1 kg) were used in a 211-d study to evaluate growth performance. Supplemental SP did not affect feed intake, but linearly tended (P=0.09) to decrease weight gain, gain efficiency, and estimated dietary net energy. Supplemental SP tended (P=0.08) to linearly increase steer morbidity. Effects of SP supplementation on carcass characteristics was non-appreciable, but tended (P=0.06) linearly decrease longissimus muscle area. It is concluded that low level spirulina supplementation (up to 1% of diet) did not appreciably affect nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, growth-performance or health of feedlot cattle fed a high-energy diet.
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- 2022
7. Influence of supplemental condensed tannins on initial 112-d feedlot growth-performance and characteristics of digestion of calf-fed Holstein steers
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Martin F Montano, Pedro H V Carvalho, Juan O Chirino-Romero, Brooke C Latack, Jaime Salinas-Chavira, and Richard Avery Zinn
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General Veterinary ,Animal Science and Zoology ,digestion ,Ruminant Nutrition ,Holstein steers ,feedlot ,tannin ,Nutrition - Abstract
In experiment 1, 150 calf-fed Holstein steers (119 ± 6 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of level of supplemental condensed tannin (0, 14, and 28 g/kg diet DM) in a conventional steam-flaked corn-based growing-finishing diet on feedlot growth performance. There were no treatment effects on growth performance during the initial 56-d period. However, during the subsequent 56-d period, supplemental condensed tannin tended to increase average daily gain (ADG; linear effect, P = 0.09). The increase in ADG was consistent with the tendency for increased dry matter intake (DMI; linear effect, P = 0.08). Hence, differences in gain efficiency during the second 56-d period were not appreciably affected (P = 0.80). Supplemental condensed tannin did not affect overall (112-d) ADG, DMI, gain efficiency, or dietary NE. In a second experiment, six Holstein steers (179.4 ± 7.9 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. Treatments were the same as in Trial 1. Tannin supplementation decreased (linear effect, P = 0.03) ruminal OM digestion and tended to decrease (linear effect, P = 0.06) ruminal feed N degradation. Tannin supplementation decreased (linear effect, P = 0.03) ruminal pH, but did not affect (P > 0.20) ruminal molar proportions of volatile fatty acids and estimated methane production. In current study, supplemental tannin had marginal effects on overall growth performance of calf-fed Holstein steers, but reduced ruminal, postruminal, and total tract nitrogen digestion.
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- 2022
8. The Vitamin A and E Forms Influence Differently the Plasma Vitamin Concentrations in Newly Received Calves
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Lorenzo Buenabad, Alberto Barreras, Alejandro Plascencia, Richard Avery Zinn, Lorenzo Buenabad, Alberto Barreras, Alejandro Plascencia, and Richard Avery Zinn
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Ten Holstein steer calves (105±3 kg) were used to evaluate bioavailability of two Vitamin A or E forms, “natural” (EA1) or “synthetic” (EA2), based on plasma vitamin concentrations during a 3-d period post injection(subcutaneous). Plasma retinyl palmitate and plasma Vitamin A concentration (retinol equivalent of all forms) was greater 24 and 48 h (P<0.01) post injection of retinyl palmitate vs retinyl propionate. Likewise, plasma retinol was greater (P = 0.04) 72 h post injection of retinyl palmitate. Plasma retinyl propionate was undetected for either treatment, indicative that it is not absorbed as a parent compound. Plasma retinyl palmitate, retinol and total Vitamin A concentrations peaked 24 h (P<0.01) post injection, decreasing toward baseline levels by 72 h post injection. Plasma tocopherol concentration was greater 24 h post injection (P<0.01) for calves injected with D-α-tocopherol vs DL-α-tocopherol. Levels were not different among treatments 48 h post injection (P>0.10). Plasma tocopherol concentrations were maximal (P<0.01) 24 h post injection of D-α-tocopherol, promptly decreasing by 72 h post injection (a level comparable to that observed with DL-α-tocopherol injection). We concluded that based on plasma concentrations, bioavailability of parenterally supplemented retinyl palmitate and D-α-tocopherol are greater than that of retinyl propionate and DL-α-tocopherol under acute Vitamin A or E supplementation.
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- 2021
9. Influencia de una enzima fibrolítica exógena y el proceso de maceración en un forraje de baja calidad sobre digestión y función ruminal en vacas Holstein secas
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María Alejandra López Soto, Eduardo Arellano González, Alberto Barreras Serrano, Víctor Manuel González Vizcarra, Dixie May García, Alejandro Plascencia Jorquera, and Richard Avery Zinn
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digestión ,maceración ,fibra ,Rumiantes ,Veterinaria ,enzima fibrolítica - Abstract
Se utilizaron cinco vacas secas Holstein (633 ± 81 kg) canuladas para evaluar la posible interacción de una enzima fi brolítica exógena y el procesamiento de maceración de la paja sobre las variables de digestión y función ruminal. Los tratamientos consistieron en un concentrado formulado a base de maíz complementado en proporción de 40% con alguno de los siguientes forrajes: heno de sudán molido, paja de arroz molida sin y con enzima (15 g/d) y paja de arroz macerada sin y con enzima (15 g/d). No hubo efecto (P 0.10) de los tratamientos sobre el consumo de materia seca. La combinación de enzima y macerado aumentó (interacción, P 0.05) la tasa de digestión ruminal de la fi bra detergente neutro (FDN) y la digestión a nivel de tracto total de la fi bra detergente ácido (FDA). La adición de la enzima aumentó (P 0.05) la digestión ruminal de la materia orgánica, de la FDA y de la FDN, sin efectos (P 0.10) sobre la digestión a nivel de tracto total. La maceración disminuyó la digestión ruminal (P 0.05) y digestión aparente en tracto total (P 0.01) del nitrógeno consumido. Aun cuando la maceración tendió a disminuir (P = 0.06) la digestión ruminal de la FDN, de esa fracción a nivel de tracto total, resultó incrementada (P 0.05). El macerado aumentó (P 0.01) la tasa de pasaje y la tasa de digestión de la fracción de FDN en rumen y disminuyó el contenido de los sólidos (P 0.01) y de la FDN en ese sitio (P 0.01). Mientras que la enzima sólo aumentó la tasa de digestión de la FDN (P 0.01). Se observó mayor digestión en tracto total (P 0.05) de la MO, FDN y energía bruta (3%, 19% y 4%, respectivamente) para la dieta con heno de sudán, resultando en mayor aporte de energía digestible (P 0.01). No hubo efecto de los tratamientos sobre el pH ruminal o en los perfi les de ácidos grasos volátiles. Se concluye que las enzimas fi brolíticas exógenas funcionan en forma sinérgica a la maceración, resultando en mejoría en el valor nutrimental en el forraje de baja calidad.
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- 2006
10. Factores que influyen en el valor nutricional de las grasas utilizadas en las dietas para bovinos de engorda en confinamiento: una revisión
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Alejandro Plascencia Jorquera, Germán David Mendoza Martínez, Carlos Vásquez Peláez, and Richard Avery Zinn
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Valor Nutricional ,Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias Sociales) ,Bovinos de Engorda ,Grasas Alimenticias / Valor Nutricional / Bovinos de Engorda ,Grasas Alimenticias - Abstract
Excluyendo las interacciones asociativas, el valor de EN de las grasas alimenticias es una función altamente relacionada con su digestibilidad intestina. Por lo anterior, una gran atención se ha dirigido para comprender los factores intrínsecos (naturaleza y calidad de la grasa) y extrínsecos (método de adición y nivel de consumo) que afectan su valor como alimento animal. De esos factores, el nivel de consumo de grasa ha demostrado ser el de mayor impacto. Cuando el consumo total de grasa supera la proporción de 0.96 g de grasa/kg de peso vivo, el valor energético de la grasa disminuye en forma lineal como resultado directo de la disminución de la digestibilidad intestinal de los ácidos grasos, principalmente C18:0; lo anterior, posiblemente resultado de una limitada capacidad de producción biliar en el bovino cuando consume altas cantidades de lípidos. Except for associative interactions, the NE value of dietary fat is largely a function of its intestinal digestibility. Thus, attention has been directed to understanding intrinsic (nature and fat quality) and extrinsic (fat method addition and inclusion level) factors that influence its value as feed. Among these factors, fat intake level has the greatest impact on its energy value. When total fat intake exceeds 0.96g/kg BW, the NE of fat decreases linearly, as a result of the decline in postruminal fatty acid digestibility, mainly of C18:0; the latter probably explained by a limited capacity of bile production in the ruminant at high levels of fat intake. Excluindo as interações associativas, o valor de EN das gorduras alimentícias é uma função altamente relacionada com sua digestibilidade intestinal. Pelo anterior, uma grande atenção se tem dirigido para compreender os fatores intrínsecos (natureza e qualidade da gordura) e extrínsecos (método de adição e nível de consumo) que afetam seu valor como alimento animal. Desses fatores, o nível de consumo de gordura tem demonstrado ser o de maior impacto. Quando o consumo total de gordura supera a proporção de 0.96 g de gordura/kg de peso vivo, o valor energético da gordura diminui em forma linear como resultado direto da diminuição da digestibilidade intestinal dos ácidos graxos, principalmente C18:0; o anterior, possivelmente resultado de uma limitada capacidade de produção biliar no bovino quando consome altas quantidades de lipídeos.
- Published
- 2005
11. Estudio comparativo sobre el sitio y la tasa de digestión de la fracción nitrogenada y del almidón de cuatro cereales procesados con vapor utilizados en dietas para bovinos de engorda
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Alejandro Plascencia Jorquera, Eduardo Arellano González, María Alejandra López Soto, and Richard Avery Zinn
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CEBADA ,SORGO ,NOVILLOS ,METABOLISMO ,Veterinaria ,PROCESAMIENTO CON VAPOR ,MAÍZ ,TRIGO - Abstract
Se utilizaron cuatro novillos Holstein (157 kg PV) habilitados con cánulas en el rumen y duodeno proximal para comparar las características de la digestión del maíz, trigo, cebada y sorgo en hojuelas en dietas con 81% de grano. La digestión ruminal de la materia orgánica (MO) fue menor (P 0.05) para el sorgo comparado con el trigo y la cebada (19.7% y 14.9%, respectivamente). A nivel ruminal se obtuvo una mayor (P 0.05) digestibilidad del almidón para trigo y cebada (92%) con respecto a maíz y sorgo (83%). Aun cuando no existieron diferencias significativas (P 0.10) en la digestibilidad posruminal del almidón, la digestibilidad posruminal de la MO fue menor (P 0.05) para cebada comparada con el trigo (61% vs. 67%, respectivamente). La digestibilidad ruminal de nitrógeno (N) fue mayor (P 0.05) para trigo (80%) y cebada (72%), seguido de maíz (60%) y sorgo (46%).La digestibilidad posruminal del N fue diferente (P 0.05) para todos los tratamientos, de menor a mayor: sorgo (71%), maíz (74%), cebada (76%) y trigo (79%). En tracto total, la digestibilidad de MO fue mayor (P 0.05) para el trigo (85%), seguido de maíz (82%), cebada (80%) y sorgo (79%), mientras que la digestibilidad de N fue mayor para el trigo (80%), seguido de cebada (76%), y por último sorgo y maíz (69% y 68%, respectivamente). En tracto total, todos los granos obtuvieron digestibilidades del almidón por encima del 98%. La energía digestible (ED, Mcal/kg) fue mayor (P 0.05) para las dietas que contenían maíz y trigo (3.52 y 3.59 Mcal/kg) comparado con aquellas que contenían cebada y sorgo (3.35 y 3.34 Mcal/kg, respectivamente). Dado que los valores que asigna el NRC para el contenido de ED y proteína de escape para el maíz en hojuelas son de 4.10 Mcal/kg y 57%, respectivamente, los valores calculados por remplazo para el trigo, cebada y sorgo correspondieron a 4.19 Mcal/kg y 21.5%, 3.89 Mcal/kg y 34.8% y de 3.88 Mcal/kg y 63.4%,respectivamente. Se concluye que los actuales estándares del NRC subestiman el contenido de ED y de la proteína de escape de estos cereales.
- Published
- 2002
12. Adición de grasa suplementaria en sustitución de forraje en dietas para vacas en lactancia: Digestión de nutrimentos y función ruminal
- Author
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Alejandro Plascencia Jorquera, Alberto Barreras Serrano, and Richard Avery Zinn
- Subjects
Grasa ,metabolismo ganado lechero ,digestión ,Veterinaria - Abstract
Cuatro vacas Holstein primíparas (529 kg), habilitadas con cánulas en rumen y duodeno proximal fueron utilizadas para evaluar el efecto de los tratamientos sobre utilización de nutrimentos y función ruminal. Los periodos experimentales constaron de 21 días, 17 para adaptación a la dieta y 4 para toma de muestras. Las vacas consumieron dietas tipo integral en intervalos iguales dos veces por día. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) sin grasa suplementaria; 2) 4% de grasa amarilla, sustituyendo a 4% de maíz hojueleado; y 3) 4% sustituyendo a 4% de heno de alfalfa (BMS). No hubo efecto (P0.10) de los tratamientos sobre pH ruminal, digestión ruminal y posruminal de N, MO y almidón. El tratamiento 3 tendió a disminuir (18%, P0.20) la digestión de FAD a nivel ruminal. La adición de grasa a la dieta aumentó (P0.10) la ED de la dieta, así como el flujo a duodeno del N consumido, y disminuyó (P0.10) la digestión de MO a nivel de tracto total y la proporción molar de propionato. El valor de la ED (Mcal/kg)para la grasa amarilla promedió 7.54 Mcal/kg cuando fue sustituida por maíz, y 6.62 cuando se sustituyó por forraje. Se concluye que la suplementación de grasa puede ser mediante la sustitución del concentrado o el forraje, sin efectos negativos sobre la proporción de AGV ruminales, o sitio y tasa de digestión de MO, FAD, N, almidón y lípidos. Sin embargo, el adicionar a la dieta 4% de grasa en sustitución por forraje, tendió a disminuir el valor nutrimental de la grasa suplementaria en 12%.
- Published
- 1999
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