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In ITER, tritium retention primarily occurs through co-deposition with beryllium. To avoid exceeding the strict tritium inventory limit, efficient tritium recovery techniques are essential. Baking is the ITER baseline for tritium recovery, but its effectiveness in removing tritium from thick beryllium layers is limited. A raised strike point scenario is considered an alternative method for removing tritium from the ITER inner vertical divertor target by heating components via plasma flux. This paper presents SOLPS-ITER code simulations conducted under various conditions, assessing the divertor performance and tritium outgassing of the raised strike point scenario. As the strike point is raised, recycled neutrals are not efficiently baffled by the dome and SOL, significantly changing the neutral trajectory and ionization source distribution. This improves detachment accessibility but worsens core-edge compatibility compared to the baseline scenario. However, in the partially detached condition, the impact of raising the strike point, perpendicular transport, and $q_{95}$ on target heat flux is not significant, as it primarily scales with the input power. Target heat flux is translated to target surface temperature using a simplified heat transfer model that considers the 3D target monoblock geometry and active cooling condition, excluding Be layer thermal properties. For partially detached divertor conditions, the bulk tungsten monoblock surface temperature remains below the baking temperature, which is insufficient for efficient tritium outgassing under the actively cooled ITER divertor condition. However, considering the potential thermal contact resistance between the beryllium and tungsten layers, which may significantly impact temperature distribution, the temperature of the beryllium layer can be raised to a level sufficient for efficient tritium outgassing. Therefore, the raised strike point scenario can be considered as an alternative in-vessel tritium removal technique.

Reliable diagnostics that measure the detached state of the ITER divertor plasma will be necessary to control heat flux to the divertor targets during steady state, burning plasma operation. This paper conducts an initial exploration into the feasibility of the divertor shunt diagnostic as a lightweight, robust, and real-time detachment sensor. This diagnostic is a set of shunt lead pairs that measure the voltage drop along the divertor cassette body, from which the plasma scrape-off layer (SOL) current is calculated. Using SOLPS-ITER simulations for control-relevant ITER plasma scenarios, the thermoelectric current magnitude along the SOL is shown to decrease significantly with the onset of partial detachment at the outer divertor target. Electromagnetic modeling of a simplified divertor cassette is used to develop a control-oriented inductance-resistance circuit model, from which SOL currents can be calculated from shunt pair voltage measurements. The sensitivity and frequency-response of the resulting system indicates that the diagnostic will accurately measure SOL thermoelectric currents during ITER operation. These currents will be a good measure of the detached state of the divertor plasma, making the divertor shunt diagnostic a potentially extremely valuable and physically robust sensor for real-time detachment control.

Hydrogen isotope co-deposition with Be eroded from the first wall is expected to be the main fusion fuel retention mechanism in ITER. Since good fuel accounting is crucial for economic and safety reasons, reliable predictions of hydrogen isotope retention are needed. This study builds upon the well-established empirical De Temmerman scaling law De Temmerman et al (2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 075008) that predicts D/Be ratios in co-deposited layers based on deposition temperature, deposition rate, and deuterium particle energy. Expanding the data used in the original development of the scaling law with an additional dataset obtained with more recent measurements using a different technique to the original De Temmerman approach, allows us to obtain new values for free parameters and improve the prediction capabilities of the new scaling law. In an effort to improve the model even further, scaling with D2 background pressure was included and a new two-term model derived, describing D retention in low- and high-energy traps separately.

Collecting mammals in Collin County, Texas a pregnant Neotoma floridana was trapped on 20 January 2018. Examining the three fetuses it was determine that the size of the embryos indicated that the eastern woodrat had bred in December 2017. This record indicates that the breeding season for N. floridana in North Texas starts in December.

Between 27 June 1997 and 16 May 1999, 423 rodents were collected from North Texas (Collin, Denton, and Grayson counties) by using Sherman live-traps (trapping success rate ∼22%). Of the 423 rodents collected, 328 were tested for evidence of IgG antibodies to New World hantaviruses. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 34 individuals (∼10%). This is the first record of hantavirus antibody—positive rodents from the highly urbanized area of North Texas.

We examined large series of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) and Baird's pocket gopher (G. breviceps) collected in every month of the year in 10 Texas counties. Based on lengths of testes, both species potentially reproduce in every month of the year, although the likelihood of reproduction decreases in summer and autumn. Data from females revealed that breeding actually begins in late December or early January and continues through October (in Baird's pocket gopher) or November (in the plains pocket gopher).

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are written by physicians so that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not administered to patients who do not want to be resuscitated should they have a cardiac or pulmonary arrest. DNR orders are appropriate, effective, and common in hospitals: it is difficult to understand why they have largely been excluded from pre-hospital settings (1)(2)(3)(4). It is also surprising how little effort has been expended to make DNR orders portable between settings and durable in time. We will discuss the development of a pre-hospital DNR program in Orange County, California, with primary emphasis on the supportive role played by the Orange County Bioethics Network (OCBEN). Emergency room physicians and nurses as well as emergency medical technicians and paramedics have long been concerned about the occasional resuscitated patient for whom resuscitation seemed inappropriate, most particularly when the patient's surrogate, or the patient him/herself subsequently said that he/she would not have wanted resuscitation. These are the exceptions that prove the rule that under emergency circumstances the presumption should be in favor of life-sustaining or life-restoring treatment. To address some of these exceptions, emergency room personnel, the Program Director of the Orange County Emergency Medical Services Agency (OC-EMSA), and

Valproate, an anticonvulsant drug used to treat bipolar disorder, was studied for its ability to promote neurogenesis from embryonic rat cortical or striatal primordial stem cells. Six days of valproate exposure increased by up to fivefold the number and percentage of tubulin beta III-immunopositive neurons, increased neurite outgrowth, and decreased by fivefold the number of astrocytes without changing the number of cells. Valproate also promoted neuronal differentiation in human fetal forebrain stem cell cultures. The neurogenic effects of valproate on rat stem cells exceeded those obtained with the neurotrophins brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) or NT-3, and slightly exceeded the effects obtained with another mood stabilizer, lithium. No effect was observed with carbamazepine. Most of the newly formed neurons were GABAergic, as shown by 10-fold increases in neurons that immunostained for GABA and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65/67. Double immunostaining for bromodeoxyuridine and tubulin beta III showed that valproate increased by four- to fivefold the proliferation of neuronal progenitors derived from rat stem cells and increased cyclin D2 expression. Valproate also regulated the expression of survival genes, Bad and Bcl-2, at different times of treatment. The expression of prostaglandin E synthase, analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, was increased by ninefold as early as 6 h into treatment by valproate. The enhancement of GABAergic neuron numbers, neurite outgrowth, and phenotypic expression via increases in the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cell may contribute to the therapeutic effects of valproate in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

The cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) both induce transcription of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene through a 180-base pair cytokine response element (CyRE) in the VIP promoter. While CNTF induces STAT and AP-1 proteins to bind to cognate sites in the VIP CyRE, the mechanism through which TGF-beta acts to induce VIP gene transcription is not known. Here we show that Smad3 and Smad4 proteins can bind to two distinct sites within the VIP CyRE. These sites are absolutely required for the induction of VIP CyRE transcription by TGF-beta. TGF-beta induces endogenous Smad-containing complexes to bind to these sites in human neuroblastoma cells. CNTF and TGF-beta synergize to induce VIP mRNA expression and transcription through the VIP CyRE. This synergy is dependent on the Smad, STAT, and AP-1 sites, suggesting that these two independent cytokine pathways synergize through the cooperation of pathway-specific transcription factors binding to distinct sites within the VIP CyRE.

The Harris Gulf of Mexico Buoy Communications System (BCS) provides air-to- ground communications between pilots and controllers over the Gulf of Mexico Flight Information Region. The BCS is a key element in the Federal Aviation Administration's goal for increasing air traffic across the Gulf area, resulting in increased safety, decreased flight time, and lower fuel consumption. By utilizing a network of satellites and water buoy-based radio links to supplement on shore remote center air-to-ground radio sites, the BCS provides controllers with direct voice communications to pilots in the latitude ranges of 18,000-60,000 feet. The BCS is a weather-resistant satellite solution on a stabilized platform. The pedestal design allows the antenna dish to remain locked on the satellite even under the most severe weather conditions. This low-risk design with built-in redundancy utilizes proven, commercial off-the-shelf/non-developmental item hardware and monitor and control software.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The Georgia Tech GN&C processor is being built from custom designed VLSI chips, which have been designed at Georgia Tech. This volume covers the board level designs, system packaging, integration of a prototype into the Parallel Function Processor (PFP) environment for testing, and plans for using the PFP to test a radiation hardened version of the processor being built by Harris Corporation. The simulation hardware in the DETL centers on the development, implementation, and use of the PFP. The PFP is a 64 processor digital computer for use in computationally intensive applications that can be partitioned into functional blocks. The processors are grouped in two 32 processor clusters running from one common host. Each 32 processor cluster is connected by a crossbar switch. All inter-processor communication takes place over the crossbar(s). Simultaneous transfers may take place independently and switch patterns may be changed every cycle. In order to program the machine correctly, all inter-processor communication and data transfer lengths must be known beforehand.

Task 3 was set up with two objectives. The first was to establish interfaces between Georgia Tech and other programs such as LATS, LETS, AHAT and KDCE. Each of these programs requires specific interactions and data exchange with Georgia Tech. Some of these will eventually require an interface specification to define hardware and software boundaries between Georgia Tech and the other programs. The second objective of Task 3 is to resolve issues which were not anticipated in the original contract, but which needed resolution for the contract to move forward. These issues are sometimes quite difficult and beyond the resources of the contract. However, each issue is at least defined and evaluated in importance. If further work is justified it is left open for USADSC assignment. (jhd)

This Software Programmer's manual applies to the Georgia Tech Parallel Function Processor (PFP), Georgia Tech part number CERL002-0757-000.0. The Parallel Function Processor (PFP) hardware and software are partitioned into the following two categories; host and target.

This Software Programmer's manual applies to the Georgia Tech Parallel Function Processor (PFP), Georgia Tech part number CERL002-0757-000.0. The Parallel Function Processor (PFP) hardware and software are partitioned into the following two categories; host and target.

A week long test was run on the Parallel Function Processor (PFP) Monday June 12, 1989 through Sunday June 18, 1989. Temperature data was collected over a 103 hour period from Tuesday June 13, 1989 through Saturday June 17, 1989 at 32 points on the system. Plots of 31 of these points are included in this report, the 11th thermocouple did not work correctly, giving all negative temperatures. Four diagnostic tests, T3, FPPMU, T2, and FUNCTION were run in a continuous loop for the whole week. Results are given in two forms, per test and per processor.

Ten (100%) lesser savanna cane rats, Thryonomys gregorianus, collected from the Lake Kivv area of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa were found to be infected with an undescribed anoplocephalid tapeworm, Thysanotaenia congolensis n. sp. Like other species of Thysanotaenia, T. congolensis n. sp. has the ovary and vitellarium centrally located, and the egg capsules and testes are intervascular. The new species differs from the 2 existing species, Thysanotaenia lemuris in lemurs and Thysanotaenia cubensis in humans, in being smaller (34-50 mm long) and in having a smaller scolex (260-410 ILm in diameter), a shorter cirrus sac (115 .Lm long), and smaller eggs (40 pI.m in diameter). Anastomoses of the excretory system and formation of egg capsules in the new species are also described. The lesser savanna cane rat, Thryonomys gregorianus (Tho- mas), is a central African species that ranges from the Came- roons to Kenya in the north, southward into northern Angola

An unusual case of choroidal malignant melanoma with heterochromia iridis, massive subretinal hemorrhage and fibrosis, spontaneously resolving retinal detachment, and subretinal seeding is reported. Clinical and pathological findings are presented and discussed. The unusual aspects of the case are further considered by Drs. Andrew Ferry and Mark Tso.

On irradiation in solvents of high donicity, the binuclear carbonyl compounds [M2(CO)10](M = Mn or Re) and [{M(η-C5H5)(CO)3}2](M = MO or W) undergo efficient photoheterolysis leading to a metal carbonyl anion; related carbonylmetal halides [M(CO)5X](M = Mn or Re, X = Cl, Br, or I) on similar treatment also give rise to the corresponding carbonyl anion.

On irradiation in solvents of high donicity, the binuclear carbonyl compounds [M2(CO)10](M = Mn or Re) and [{M(η-C5H5)(CO)3}2](M = MO or W) undergo efficient photoheterolysis leading to a metal carbonyl anion; related carbonylmetal halides [M(CO)5X](M = Mn or Re, X = Cl, Br, or I) on similar treatment also give rise to the corresponding carbonyl anion.

The fort grounds were sampled randomly with snap traps, live box traps, and mist nets. Records from trappers were used when available. Trapping was conducted both diurnally and nocturnally. Allocations of specimens to subspecies followed Bee et al., (1981). Specimens were verified by Dr. David J. Schmidly. All specimens are on deposit in the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection, Texas A&M University, College Station.

sparse grass cover. The collection of this specimen represents a new county record and a range extension of approximately 61.2 km northeast from Branson, Taney Co., Missouri (Hall, 1981). The specimen is a male measuring 171 mm (total length), 89 mm (length of tail), 23 mm (length of hind foot), and 19 mm (length of ear). The specimen was identified by Dr. Hershel W. Garner and is deposited in the Tarleton State University Mammal Collection, Stephenville, Texas.

A specimen of Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Plecotus rafinesquii macrotis, was collected at Camp Robinson, Pulaski Co., Arkansas. The specimen, a male, was taken on 23 March 1986 inside an abandoned building. The bat is deposited in the Tarleton State University mammal collection, Stephenville, Texas. In Arkansas, P. r. macrotis is only known to occur in the western and southern counties (Barbour and Davis, 1969; Jones, 1977; Sealander, 1979; Hall, 1981). This record from Pluaski County, Arkansas, is noteworthy, as it fills in the gap between Crawford and Drew Counties extending Rafinesque's big-eared bat into central Arkansas (Sealander, 1979).