606 results on '"Richard A. Bailey"'
Search Results
2. Active Recess: School Break Time as a Setting for Physical Activity Promotion in European Primary Schools
- Author
-
Richard Peter Bailey, Rachel Payne, Andreu Raya Demidoff, Nadia Samsudin, and Claude Scheuer
- Abstract
Objective: This study investigated active recess as an innovative approach to improving physical activity levels in European primary schools, addressing the need to counteract sedentary behaviour and enhance health in students. Method and Design: Using rapid reviewing, the article summarises empirical evidence from a variety of sources, including cross-sectional and intervention studies. Different approaches are investigated to determine their impact on physical activity during recess. Results: Different playground settings have distinct effects on physical activity, with grassland and designated zones in particular promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Gender inequalities in physical activity patterns suggest the need for gender-sensitive interventions. Playground marking and scheduled activities temporarily increase physical activity, whereas recess of more than 60 minutes dramatically enhances physically active participation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the impact of active recess in facilitating children to engage in higher levels of physical activity. The findings have implications for school health policy decisions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Quantitative trait loci and transcriptome signatures associated with avian heritable resistance to Campylobacter
- Author
-
Androniki Psifidi, Andreas Kranis, Lisa M. Rothwell, Abi Bremner, Kay Russell, Diego Robledo, Stephen J. Bush, Mark Fife, Paul M. Hocking, Georgios Banos, David A. Hume, Jim Kaufman, Richard A. Bailey, Santiago Avendano, Kellie A. Watson, Pete Kaiser, and Mark. P. Stevens
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a key risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. One potential control strategy is to select poultry with increased resistance to Campylobacter. We associated high-density genome-wide genotypes (600K single nucleotide polymorphisms) of 3000 commercial broilers with Campylobacter load in their caeca. Trait heritability was modest but significant (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.03). Results confirmed quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 14 and 16 previously identified in inbred chicken lines, and detected two additional QTLs on chromosomes 19 and 26. RNA-Seq analysis of broilers at the extremes of colonisation phenotype identified differentially transcribed genes within the QTL on chromosome 16 and proximal to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus. We identified strong cis-QTLs located within MHC suggesting the presence of cis-acting variation in MHC class I and II and BG genes. Pathway and network analyses implicated cooperative functional pathways and networks in colonisation, including those related to antigen presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, calcium, and renin–angiotensin signalling. While co-selection for enhanced resistance and other breeding goals is feasible, the frequency of resistance-associated alleles was high in the population studied and non-genetic factors significantly influenced Campylobacter colonisation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The genetic basis of pectoralis major myopathies in modern broiler chicken lines
- Author
-
Richard A. Bailey, Kellie A. Watson, S.F. Bilgili, and Santiago Avendano
- Subjects
Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens
- Author
-
Richard A. Bailey, Eduardo Souza, and Santiago Avendano
- Subjects
broiler ,breast muscle ,meat quality ,myopathy ,heritability ,genetics ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
This report provides the first estimates of the genetic basis of all key breast muscle myopathies (BMM) in broiler chickens [Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping and spaghetti breast] and their relationship with body weight and breast yield. Data from a pure bred high yielding commercial broiler line were analysed to estimate the genetic parameters using a multivariate animal model with the appropriate fixed effects and permanent environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities of the BMM ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 and the genetic correlation of the BMM with body weight and breast yield ranged from -0.06 to 0.41. Here we highlight that the genetic variance of BMM accounts for a low proportion of the phenotypic variance and the BMM have a low genetic relationship with performance traits. The large contribution of residual variance to the phenotypic variance for the BBM was >71.5% which indicates the importance of the non-genetic effects on BMM. The data presented also show that the moderate to low genetic influence for the development of BMM can be used, through balanced selection, to reduce the myopathy incidence in the long term. The impact of genetic selection against BMM was tested empirically by comparing the incidence of WB and % breast yield of a commercial broiler with a high generation (HG) broiler. The HG broiler used represents 2 years of genetic improvement compared to the commercial broiler; the HG broiler had an 18.4% relative decrease in WB and a 1.02% relative increase in breast yield compared to the commercial broiler. This paper describes the relationship between the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing BMM highlighting the importance of understanding the non-genetic effects on myopathy incidence. It also shows that the genetic component of BMM can be reduced whilst at the same time improving breast yield as part of balanced breeding goals.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Assessing the impact of physical activity on reducing depressive symptoms: a rapid review
- Author
-
Nadia Samsudin, Richard Peter Bailey, Francis Ries, Siti Nur Aafifah Binti Hashim, and Janet Ann Fernandez
- Subjects
Well-being ,Mental health ,Public health ,Mental wellness ,Health education ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Context The prevalence of depression among teenagers is a significant issue worldwide, which calls for a thorough investigation of non-drug treatments. This expedited evaluation examines 24 specifically chosen studies to clarify the correlation between physical activity depression symptoms in teenagers, undertaken following PRISMA principles. Methods A wide range of research methods, including longitudinal studies, surveys, and cross-sectional analyses, were used in different nations to understand the intricate relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and depression symptoms. The data-gathering methods included standardised questionnaires, accelerometer measurements, and self-report instruments. Findings The review highlights the crucial significance of engaging in physical activity to alleviate depression symptoms. Improved self-esteem consistently acts as a crucial intermediary between participation in physical activity and decreased rates of depression. Engaging in physical activity is a safeguard, particularly for individuals with restricted access to physical activity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle greatly increases the probability of developing moderate to severe symptoms of depression. Gender differences are apparent, with females being disproportionately impacted by depression. There are strong connections between engaging in physical activity and reducing symptoms of depression, which can be observed in various situations, such as participating in team sports or engaging in leisure activities. Conclusion This study provides insight into the potential of physical activity as a non-pharmacological approach to address adolescent depression. This highlights the significant impact of physical activity, which has important implications for public health programs aimed at improving the mental well-being of adolescents by promoting physical activity. It is crucial to do additional research that considers gender-specific variations and various physical activity circumstances to enhance our comprehension of this important matter.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Mapping restricted introgression across the genomes of admixed indigenous African cattle breeds
- Author
-
Juliane Friedrich, Richard I. Bailey, Andrea Talenti, Umer Chaudhry, Qasim Ali, Emmanuel F. Obishakin, Chukwunonso Ezeasor, Jessica Powell, Olivier Hanotte, Abdulfatai Tijjani, Karen Marshall, James Prendergast, and Pamela Wiener
- Subjects
Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background The genomes of indigenous African cattle are composed of components with Middle Eastern (taurine) and South Asian (indicine) origins, providing a valuable model to study hybridization and to identify genetic barriers to gene flow. In this study, we analysed indigenous African cattle breeds as models of hybrid zones, considering taurine and indicine samples as ancestors. In a genomic cline analysis of whole-genome sequence data, we considered over 8 million variants from 144 animals, which allows for fine-mapping of potential genomic incompatibilities at high resolution across the genome. Results We identified several thousand variants that had significantly steep clines (‘SCV’) across the whole genome, indicating restricted introgression. Some of the SCV were clustered into extended regions, with the longest on chromosome 7, spanning 725 kb and including 27 genes. We found that variants with a high phenotypic impact (e.g. indels, intra-genic and missense variants) likely represent greater genetic barriers to gene flow. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that a large proportion of breed differentiation in African cattle could be linked to genomic incompatibilities and reproductive isolation. Functional evaluation of genes with SCV suggest that mitonuclear incompatibilities and genes associated with fitness (e.g. resistance to paratuberculosis) could account for restricted gene flow in indigenous African cattle. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time genomic cline analysis has been applied to identify restricted introgression in the genomes of indigenous African cattle and the results provide extended insights into mechanisms (e.g. genomic incompatibilities) contributing to hybrid differentiation. These results have important implications for our understanding of genetic incompatibilities and reproductive isolation and provide important insights into the impact of cross-breeding cattle with the aim of producing offspring that are both hardy and productive.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Continuously evolving rewards in an open-ended environment.
- Author
-
Richard M. Bailey 0001
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Modelling Adaptive and Anticipatory Human Decision-Making in Complex Human-Environment Systems.
- Author
-
Jens Koed Madsen, Brian Powers, Richard M. Bailey 0001, Ernesto Carrella, Nicolas Payette, and Toby D. Pilditch
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Rejection sampling and agent-based models for data limited fisheries
- Author
-
Ernesto Carrella, Joseph Powers, Steven Saul, Richard M. Bailey, Nicolas Payette, Katyana A. Vert-pre, Aarthi Ananthanarayanan, Michael Drexler, Chris Dorsett, and Jens Koed Madsen
- Subjects
rejection-sampling ,agent-based ,data limited ,management strategies ,fishery management ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Many of the world’s fisheries are “data-limited” where the information does not allow precise determination of fish stock status and limits the development of appropriate management responses. Two approaches are proposed for use in data-limited stock management strategy evaluations to guide the evaluations and to understand the sources of uncertainty: rejection sampling methods and the incorporation of more complex socio-economic dynamics into management evaluations using agent-based models. In rejection sampling (or rejection filtering) a model is simulated many times with a wide range of priors on parameters and outcomes are compared multiple filtering criteria. Those simulations that pass all the filters form an ensemble of feasible models. The ensemble can be used to look for robust management strategies, robust to both model uncertainties. Agent-based models of fishery economics can be implemented within the rejection framework, integrating the biological and economic understanding of the fishery. A simple artificial example of a difference equation bio-economic model is given to demonstrate the approach. Then rejection sampling is applied to an agent-based model for the hairtail (Trichiurus japonicas) fishery, where an operating model is constructed with rejection/agent-based methods and compared to known data and analyses of the fishery. The usefulness of information and rejection filters are illuminated and efficacy examined. The methods can be helpful for strategic guidance where multiple states of nature are possible as a part of management strategy evaluation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Attracted to Fish: A Gravity-Based Model of Purse-Seine Vessel Behaviour.
- Author
-
Nicolas Payette, Ernesto Carrella, Katyana Vert-Pre, Brian Powers, Steven Saul, Michael Drexler, Aarthi Ananthanarayanan, and Richard M. Bailey 0001
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Pirate Cove: An Insider's Account of the Infamous Southport Lane Scandal
- Author
-
Richard D. Bailey and Richard D. Bailey
- Published
- 2023
13. A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos
- Author
-
Fabrice Demeter, Clément Zanolli, Kira E. Westaway, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Philippe Duringer, Mike W. Morley, Frido Welker, Patrick L. Rüther, Matthew M. Skinner, Hugh McColl, Charleen Gaunitz, Lasse Vinner, Tyler E. Dunn, Jesper V. Olsen, Martin Sikora, Jean-Luc Ponche, Eric Suzzoni, Sébastien Frangeul, Quentin Boesch, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Lei Pan, Song Xing, Jian-Xin Zhao, Richard M. Bailey, Souliphane Boualaphane, Phonephanh Sichanthongtip, Daovee Sihanam, Elise Patole-Edoumba, Françoise Aubaile, Françoise Crozier, Nicolas Bourgon, Alexandra Zachwieja, Thonglith Luangkhoth, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, Enrico Cappellini, Anne-Marie Bacon, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Eske Willerslev, and Laura Shackelford
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Evidence for the presence of Homo during the Middle Pleistocene is limited in continental Southeast Asia. Here, the authors report a hominin molar from Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave), dated to 164–131 kyr. They use morphological and paleoproteomic analysis to show that it likely belonged to a female Denisovan.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. From reactive towards anticipatory fishing agents.
- Author
-
Jens Koed Madsen, Richard M. Bailey 0001, Ernesto Carrella, and Philipp E. Koralus
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Active transport to school and health-enhancing physical activity: a rapid review of European evidence
- Author
-
Richard Peter Bailey, Jana Vašíčková, Rachel Payne, Andreu Raya Demidoff, and Claude Scheuer
- Subjects
Urban Studies ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
16. Repeated discrete choices in geographical agent based models with an application to fisheries.
- Author
-
Ernesto Carrella, Richard M. Bailey 0001, and Jens Koed Madsen
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Towards a Standard Cognitive Framework for Socially Oriented, Adaptive, and Generative Human-Environment Agents.
- Author
-
Jens Koed Madsen, Richard M. Bailey 0001, Ernesto Carrella, and Toby D. Pilditch
- Published
- 2017
18. Calibrating Agent-Based Models with Linear Regressions.
- Author
-
Ernesto Carrella, Richard M. Bailey 0001, and Jens Koed Madsen
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Estimating individuals' genetic and non-genetic effects underlying infectious disease transmission from temporal epidemic data.
- Author
-
Christopher Mark Pooley, Glenn Marion, Stephen C. Bishop, Richard I. Bailey, and Andrea B. Doeschl-Wilson
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Implementation and Evaluation of Mock Trial Within Undergraduate Sport Law Curriculum
- Author
-
Makena R. Lynch, Leeann M. Lower-Hoppe, Shea M. Brgoch, James O. Evans, Richard L. Bailey, Mark Beattie, Moetiz Samad, and Ashley Ryder
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Education - Abstract
Mock trials serve as useful experiential learning tools for undergraduate kinesiology students. In the current study, Kolb’s experiential learning cycle was employed over the course of a semester through a comprehensive mock trial project that aimed to provide undergraduate students with an interactive learning experience as a means to achieve desired learning outcomes. The primary purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate the mock trial as a learning tool. The researchers conducted a total of 32 semistructured focus groups with 175 students. Overall, students expressed positive experiences and outcomes as a result of engaging in the mock trial project. Four distinct themes emerged from the data: learning mechanisms, learning outcomes, the student learning experience, and suggested improvements for future courses. Each of these themes is substantiated by excerpts from the comments of the students who participated in the focus groups and discussed in detail, as well as implications for instructors who wish to similarly implement mock trials into their classrooms.
- Published
- 2022
21. Growing a Bayesian Conspiracy Theorist: An Agent-Based Model.
- Author
-
Jens Koed Madsen, Richard M. Bailey 0001, and Toby D. Pilditch
- Published
- 2017
22. Active Homework: an under-researched element of the active schools concept
- Author
-
Richard P. Bailey, Sandra Heck, and Claude Scheuer
- Subjects
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2022
23. Comparing cognitive models in dynamic agent-based models: A methodological case study.
- Author
-
Jens Koed Madsen, Richard M. Bailey 0001, Ernesto Carrella, and Nicolas Payette
- Published
- 2019
24. A Cognitively Realistic Model of Decision Making in Ocean Ecology.
- Author
-
Philipp E. Koralus, Jens Koed Madsen, Ernesto Carrella, and Richard M. Bailey 0001
- Published
- 2016
25. Conceptualising Inclusion and Participation in the Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles
- Author
-
Richard Peter Bailey and Suria Angit
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,Female ,Health Promotion ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Exercise ,Sports ,inclusion ,promotion of healthy lifestyles ,physical activity ,sport ,community ,marginalised groups - Abstract
The central tension in health promotion is between a public health policy presumption that healthy lifestyles have benefits at both the individual and societal levels and should be assertively encouraged, and liberal demands that states should maintain a stance of non-interference concerning private affairs. This tension is heightened when the engagement of marginalised or disempowered groups, such as persons with disabilities, women, or immigrants, enter discussions. This paper examines the concept of inclusion within the context of the promotion of healthy lifestyles, primarily sport and physical activity in community contexts. Using a form of ‘reflective equilibrium’, it explores a series of distinctions to evaluate critically different accounts of inclusion and offers a novel and somewhat radical approach based on re-interpretations and alignments of participation and hegemonic relationships.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Invisible Masters: Gender, Race, and the Economy of Service in Early New England by Elisabeth Ceppi
- Author
-
Richard A. Bailey
- Published
- 2022
27. A closer look into a medieval moat – the temporal and spatial chironomid-based reconstruction of habitat mosaic and ecosystem functioning
- Author
-
Olga Antczak-Orlewska, Daniel Okupny, Andrzej Kruk, Richard Ian Bailey, Mateusz Płóciennik, Jerzy Sikora, Marek Krąpiec, and Piotr Kittel
- Abstract
Moats and other historical water features had great importance for past societies. The functioning of these ecosystems can now only be retrieved through palaeoecological studies, which often focus on a single sampling sediment core location. While a variety of human-environment interactions have already been examined, the spatio-temporal habitat changes within a medieval moat are presented here for the first time. Using data from four cores of organic deposits taken from different areas within the moat system, we describe ecological states of the moat based on subfossil Chironomidae assemblages and accompanying sedimentological and geochemical data, using Kohonen’s artificial neural network, the canonical correspondence analysis, and generalised linear modelling. We found that chironomid assemblages differed in the spatio-temporal distribution of their habitats, depending mostly on depth differences and fresh water supply from an artificial channel. Paludification and terrestrialization also did not happen simultaneously across the moat system, being greatly influenced by human activity. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of a multi-aspect approach in environmental archaeology, focusing not only the human environment, but also on the complex ecology of the past ecosystems.
- Published
- 2022
28. Hybridization and genome evolution II: Mechanisms of species divergence and their effects on evolution in hybrids
- Author
-
Richard I. BAILEY, Fabrice EROUKHMANOFF, Glenn-Peter SæTRE
- Subjects
Evolvability ,Constraints ,Dimensionality ,Hybrid ,Adaptation ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Recent genomic studies have highlighted the importance of hybridization and gene exchange in evolution. We ask what factors cause variation in the impact of hybridization, through adaptation in hybrids and the likelihood of hybrid speciation. During speciation, traits that diverge due to both divergent and stabilizing selection can contribute to the buildup of reproductive isolation. Divergent directional selection in parent taxa should lead to intermediate phenotypes in hybrids, whereas stabilizing selection can also produce extreme, transgressive phenotypes when hybridization occurs. By examining existing theory and empirical data, we discuss how these effects, combined with differences between modes of divergence in the chromosomal distribution of incompatibilities, affect adaptation and speciation in hybrid populations. The result is a clear and testable set of predictions that can be used to examine hybrid adaptation and speciation. Stabilizing selection in parents increases transgression in hybrids, increasing the possibility for novel adaptation. Divergent directional selection causes intermediate hybrid phenotypes and increases their ability to evolve along the direction of parental differentiation. Stabilizing selection biases incompatibilities towards autosomes, leading to reduced sexual correlations in trait values and reduced pleiotropy in hybrids, and hence increased freedom in the direction of evolution. Directional selection causes a bias towards sex-linked incompatibilities, with the opposite consequences. Divergence by directional selection leads to greater dominance effects than stabilizing selection, with major but variable impacts on hybrid evolution [Current Zoology 59 (5): 675-685, 2013].
- Published
- 2013
29. Hybridization and genome evolution I: The role of contingency during hybrid speciation
- Author
-
Fabrice EROUKHMANOFF, Richard I. BAILEY, Glenn-Peter SæTRE
- Subjects
Evolvability ,Constraints ,Contingency ,Hybrid ,Adaptation ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS) involves the recombination of two differentiated genomes into a novel, functional one without a change in chromosome number. Theoretically, there are numerous ways for two parental genomes to recombine. Hence, chance may play a large role in the formation of a hybrid species. If these genome combinations can evolve rapidly following hybridization and sympatric situations are numerous, recurrent homoploid hybrid speciation is a possibility. We argue that three different, but not mutually exclusive, types of contingencies could influence this process. First, many of these “hopeful monsters” of recombinant parent genotypes would likely have low fitness. Only specific combinations of parental genomic contributions may produce viable, intra-fertile hybrid species able to accommodate potential constraints arising from intragenomic conflict. Second, ecological conditions (competition, geography of the contact zones or the initial frequency of both parent species) might favor different outcomes ranging from sympatric coexistence to the formation of hybrid swarms and ultimately hybrid speciation. Finally, history may also play an important role in promoting or constraining recurrent HHS if multiple hybridization events occur sequentially and parental divergence or isolation differs along this continuum. We discuss under which conditions HHS may occur multiple times in parallel and to what extent recombination and selection may fuse the parent genomes in the same or different ways. We conclude by examining different approaches that might help to solve this intriguing evolutionary puzzle [Current Zoology 59 (5): 667-674, 2013].
- Published
- 2013
30. Evaluating scenarios toward zero plastic pollution
- Author
-
Emily Neil, Jutta Gutberlet, Enzo Favoino, Meera E. Atreya, Milan M. Petit, U. Rashid Sumaila, James E. Palardy, David S. Fischer, Martin R. Stuchtey, Linda K Godfrey, Costas A. Velis, Kevin K. He, Richard C. Thompson, Toby D. Pilditch, Winnie W. Y. Lau, M. Bernhofen, Yonathan Shiran, Richard M. Bailey, Laura Koerselman, Edward Kosior, Arturo Castillo Castillo, Sarah Baulch, Emilia Jankowska, Julia Koskella, Julien Boucher, Ben Dixon, Margaret B. Murphy, Ed Cook, Keith Lawrence, and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Microplastics ,Multidisciplinary ,Municipal solid waste ,Waste management ,General Science & Technology ,Stock and flow ,Waste collection ,02 engineering and technology ,Models, Theoretical ,010501 environmental sciences ,Reuse ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Business as usual ,Environmental Pollutants ,Recycling ,Environmental Pollution ,0210 nano-technology ,Plastic pollution ,Plastics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A mess of plastic It is not clear what strategies will be most effective in mitigating harm from the global problem of plastic pollution. Borrelle et al. and Lau et al. discuss possible solutions and their impacts. Both groups found that substantial reductions in plastic-waste generation can be made in the coming decades with immediate, concerted, and vigorous action, but even in the best case scenario, huge quantities of plastic will still accumulate in the environment. Science , this issue p. 1515 , p. 1455
- Published
- 2020
31. From reactive towards anticipatory fishing agents
- Author
-
Richard M. Bailey, Jens Koed Madsen, Ernesto Carrella, and Philipp E. Koralus
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,021103 operations research ,business.industry ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,Environmental resource management ,Fishing ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Modeling and Simulation ,0502 economics and business ,Ecosystem ,business ,Software - Abstract
Governing human-environmental ecosystems is a complex problem. Rule-based fisheries models are faced with several challenges. First, for large geographical problems like oceans, they require considerable time to find satisfactory solutions. Second, they tend to be reactive rather than anticipatory. Behavioural assumptions directly impact fishers’ capacity for adaptation and behaviour, which influences possible management strategies. To capture style and speed of adaptation to changes in the environment, coupled human-environment models must progress toward cognitively and socio-culturally realistic representations of fisher decision-making. In this paper, we implement the erotetic decision-making model in the POSEIDON fisheries model. The agents replicate observed behaviours such as fishing the line of a Marine Protected Area, using Individually Tradable Quotas, and returning to favoured fishing locations, and learning to break rules given harsh constraints. This provides a principled proof that reasons-based cognitive structures allow for anticipatory behavioural adaptation rather than reactive behavioural adaptation.
- Published
- 2020
32. Opportunities for agent‐based modelling in human dimensions of fisheries
- Author
-
Ingrid van Putten, Philipp E. Koralus, Michaela Clemence, John Lynham, Steven Saul, Simon A. Levin, L.R. Little, George H. Leonard, James R. Watson, Christopher Costello, Ernesto Carrella, Andreas Merkl, Jens Koed Madsen, Matthew G. Burgess, Brandon Owashi, Reniel B. Cabral, Chris Dorsett, Sharon Wilcox, Steven D. Gaines, Michael Drexler, Richard M. Bailey, Emily S. Klein, and Robert L. Axtell
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Fisheries ,Behavioural sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Urban planning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fisheries science ,Ecology ,human behaviour ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Corporate governance ,sustainability ,Fisheries Sciences ,Bounded rationality ,Fishery ,social-ecological systems ,governance ,Sustainability ,ecosystem-based fishery management ,Business ,Fisheries management ,complexity ,Construct (philosophy) - Abstract
Models of human dimensions of fisheries are important to understanding and predicting how fishing industries respond to changes in marine ecosystems and management institutions. Advances in computation have made it possible to construct agent-based models (ABMs) - which explicitly describe the behaviour of individual people, firms or vessels in order to understand and predict their aggregate behaviours. ABMs are widely used for both academic and applied purposes in many settings including finance, urban planning and the military, but are not yet mainstream in fisheries science and management, despite a growing literature. ABMs are well suited to understanding emergent consequences of fisher interactions, heterogeneity and bounded rationality, especially in complex ecological, social and institutional contexts. For these reasons, we argue that ABMs of human behaviour can contribute significantly to human dimensions of fisheries in three areas: (a) understanding interactions between multiple management institutions; (b) incorporating cognitive and behavioural sciences into fisheries science and practice; and (c) understanding and projecting the social consequences of management institutions. We provide simple examples illustrating the potential for ABMs in each of these areas, using conceptual ("toy") versions of the POSEIDON model. We argue that salient strategic advances in these areas could pave the way for increased tactical use of ABMs in fishery management settings. We review common ABM development and application challenges, with the aim of providing guidance to beginning ABM developers and users studying human dimensions of fisheries.
- Published
- 2020
33. The Relationships Between Sport Club Activities and University and Member Attachment
- Author
-
Richard L. Bailey, Daniel E. Wray, Leeann M. Lower-Hoppe, Mark A. Beattie, Annemarie Farrell, and Tarkington J. Newman
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Health (social science) ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,education ,Attachment theory ,Club ,Psychology ,human activities ,Social psychology ,Outcome (game theory) ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Education - Abstract
Given the social purpose of sport clubs, an anticipated outcome of club participation is a sense of attachment to the university and campus community. However, the sport behaviors that contribute to club members’ social attachment are largely unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine which sport club activities are related to university and member attachment. A survey was administered to 175 sport club members at a large public university in the United States. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, sport clubs with moderately low to high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater university attachment than clubs with low tactics. Additionally, clubs with high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater member attachment than clubs with low to moderately high tactics. No significant difference in attachment was found when accounting for clubs’ frequency of competition or travel. The findings support the use of formal socialization to enhance club members’ feelings of attachment.
- Published
- 2020
34. Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago
- Author
-
Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Suminto, Sidarto, O. Frank Huffman, Robert S. Scott, Michael Storey, Russell L. Ciochon, Jian-xin Zhao, Michael J Morwood, Aswan, Fachroel Aziz, Mark W. Moore, Kira E. Westaway, Michael C. Westaway, Roy Larick, Maija E. Sipola, Iwan Kurniawan, Yahdi Zaim, Gerrit D. van den Bergh, Richard M. Bailey, John-Paul Zonneveld, Yan Rizal, Rainer Grün, Shelby S. Putt, and E. Arthur Bettis Iii
- Subjects
geography ,Time Factors ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Java ,biology ,Fossils ,Hominidae ,Skull ,Bone bed ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Archaeology ,Sequence (geology) ,Terrace (geology) ,Indonesia ,Animals ,Radiometric dating ,Leg Bones ,Homo erectus ,computer ,computer.programming_language ,Chronology - Abstract
Homo erectus is the founding early hominin species of Island Southeast Asia, and reached Java (Indonesia) more than 1.5 million years ago1,2. Twelve H. erectus calvaria (skull caps) and two tibiae (lower leg bones) were discovered from a bone bed located about 20 m above the Solo River at Ngandong (Central Java) between 1931 and 19333,4, and are of the youngest, most-advanced form of H. erectus5–8. Despite the importance of the Ngandong fossils, the relationship between the fossils, terrace fill and ages have been heavily debated9–14. Here, to resolve the age of the Ngandong evidence, we use Bayesian modelling of 52 radiometric age estimates to establish—to our knowledge—the first robust chronology at regional, valley and local scales. We used uranium-series dating of speleothems to constrain regional landscape evolution; luminescence, 40argon/39argon (40Ar/39Ar) and uranium-series dating to constrain the sequence of terrace evolution; and applied uranium-series and uranium series–electron-spin resonance (US–ESR) dating to non-human fossils to directly date our re-excavation of Ngandong5,15. We show that at least by 500 thousand years ago (ka) the Solo River was diverted into the Kendeng Hills, and that it formed the Solo terrace sequence between 316 and 31 ka and the Ngandong terrace between about 140 and 92 ka. Non-human fossils recovered during the re-excavation of Ngandong date to between 109 and 106 ka (uranium-series minimum)16 and 134 and 118 ka (US–ESR), with modelled ages of 117 to 108 thousand years (kyr) for the H. erectus bone bed, which accumulated during flood conditions3,17. These results negate the extreme ages that have been proposed for the site and solidify Ngandong as the last known occurrence of this long-lived species. Bayesian modelling of radiometric age estimates provides a robust chronology for Homo erectus at Ngandong (Java), confirming that this site currently represents the last known occurrence of this species.
- Published
- 2019
35. Combining SPR with atomic-force microscopy enables single-molecule insights into activation and suppression of the complement cascade
- Author
-
John David Parkin, Elisavet Makou, Richard G. Bailey, Georg Hähner, Heather J. Johnston, Paul N. Barlow, Alison N. Hulme, The Leverhulme Trust, University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry, and University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,QH301 Biology ,single-molecule biophysics ,Immunology ,NDAS ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,molecular stretching ,Microscopy, Atomic Force ,Complement factor B ,Biochemistry ,C3b ,immune response ,Protein–protein interaction ,protein-protein interaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,QH301 ,Protein structure ,protein conformation ,Cleave ,Molecule ,Humans ,atomic force microscopy (AFM) ,Surface plasmon resonance ,Molecular Biology ,single-molecule analysis ,Complement Activation ,complement system ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,Surface Plasmon Resonance ,factor H ,Complement system ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Immobilized Proteins ,inflammation ,Complement C3d ,self-assembling monolayer ,Complement Factor H ,Complement C3b ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Factor D ,surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ,Protein Binding - Abstract
This work was supported by Leverhulme Trust Grant RPG-2015-109. Activation and suppression of the complement system compete on every serum-exposed surface, host or foreign. Potentially harmful outcomes of this competition depend on surface molecules through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with atomic force microscopy (AFM), here we studied two complement system proteins at the single-molecule level: C3b, the proteolytically activated form of C3, and factor H (FH), the surface-sensing C3b-binding complement regulator. We used SPR to monitor complement initiation occurring through a positive-feedback loop wherein surface-deposited C3b participates in convertases that cleave C3, thereby depositing more C3b. Over multiple cycles of flowing factor B, factor D, and C3 over the SPR chip, we amplified C3b from ∼20 to ∼220 molecules·μm−2. AFM revealed C3b clusters of up to 20 molecules and solitary C3b molecules deposited up to 200 nm away from the clusters. A force of 0.17 ± 0.02 nanonewtons was needed to pull a single FH molecule, anchored to the AFM probe, from its complex with surface-attached C3b. The extent to which FH molecules stretched before detachment varied widely among complexes. Performing force-distance measurements with FH(D1119G), a variant lacking one of the C3b-binding sites and causing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, we found that it detached more uniformly and easily. In further SPR experiments, KD values between FH and C3b on a custom-made chip surface were 5-fold tighter than on commercial chips and similar to those on erythrocytes. These results suggest that the chemistry at the surface on which FH acts drives conformational adjustments that are functionally critical. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2019
36. Water for sustainable development in the Berg Water Management Area, South Africa
- Author
-
Megan J. Cole, Richard M. Bailey, James D.S. Cullis, and Mark G. New
- Subjects
SDGs ,water-dependent jobs ,Berg WMA ,water-use efficiency ,Science ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Water is fundamental to human well-being and economic growth. Measuring how water contributes to sustainable development is an important aspect of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, ‘Water and sanitation for all’. This importance is especially significant for water-scarce developing countries such as South Africa. Appropriate indicators can support decision-making and highlight key issues on inequality, unemployment and sustainability. In this paper, additional indicators for SDG 6.4 on water-use efficiency are proposed that focus on how individuals and households benefit, both directly and indirectly, from the allocations and use of water resources. The Berg Water Management Area (WMA) in the southwest corner of South Africa is used as a case study to illustrate the results. Residential per capita water use and municipal water losses were determined for all towns in the area. Figures for jobs and income per unit of water use were calculated for the heavily water-dependent industries, namely, agriculture, agriprocessing, freshwater aquaculture, mining and steel processing. This approach to measuring the socio-economic benefits of water use are relevant for other countries seeking to measure the role that water plays in achieving inclusive sustainable development, and could be included in the final SDG 6 indicator suite. Significance: • New measures of water-use efficiency based on jobs and income are proposed. • New indicators are proposed for SDG 6. • Water use, jobs and annual income are estimated for all heavily water-dependent sectors in the Berg WMA.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Mock Trial: Transforming Curriculum Through Coopetition
- Author
-
Richard L. Bailey, Leeann M. Lower-Hoppe, Shea M. Brgoch, and James O. Evans
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Pedagogy ,050211 marketing ,Coopetition ,Sociology ,Curriculum ,050203 business & management ,Education - Abstract
Coopetition is a strategic concept that integrates elements of competition and cooperation. This strategy focuses on creating an environment where working together develops additional value for all entities involved, but there is still competition for this newly established value. Mock trial is an experiential learning technique that can serve as a platform to implement coopetitive strategies, providing students the opportunity to cooperatively apply theory to practice in a competitive courtroom simulation. This extended abstract details implementation of coopetition through mock trial for the sport management classroom. Implications for enhancing the coopetitive environment through course format, mentorship, and facilitation are also discussed.
- Published
- 2021
38. A Closed-Loop Optogenetic Platform
- Author
-
Dimitrios Firfilionis, Frances Hutchings, Reza Tamadoni, Darren Walsh, Mark Turnbull, Enrique Escobedo-Cousin, Richard G. Bailey, Johannes Gausden, Aaliyah Patel, Dorian Haci, Yan Liu, Fiona E. N. LeBeau, Andrew Trevelyan, Timothy G. Constandinou, Anthony O'Neill, Marcus Kaiser, Patrick Degenaar, and Andrew Jackson
- Subjects
Computer science ,1702 Cognitive Sciences ,Interface (computing) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Optogenetics ,Data acquisition ,Technology and Code ,BRAIN ,BCI ,optogenetics ,open-source ,Graphical user interface ,closed-loop ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Neurosciences ,electrophysiology ,Network dynamics ,Neuromodulation (medicine) ,Microcontroller ,1701 Psychology ,Control system ,neuromodulation ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,1109 Neurosciences ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Computer hardware ,RC321-571 ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Neuromodulation is an established treatment for numerous neurological conditions, but to expand the therapeutic scope there is a need to improve the spatial, temporal and cell-type specificity of stimulation. Optogenetics is a promising area of current research, enabling optical stimulation of genetically-defined cell types without interfering with concurrent electrical recording for closed-loop control of neural activity. We are developing an open-source system to provide a platform for closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation, incorporating custom integrated circuitry for recording and stimulation, real-time closed-loop algorithms running on a microcontroller and experimental control via a PC interface. We include commercial components to validate performance, with the ultimate aim of translating this approach to humans. In the meantime our system is flexible and expandable for use in a variety of preclinical neuroscientific applications. The platform consists of a Controlling Abnormal Network Dynamics using Optogenetics (CANDO) Control System (CS) that interfaces with up to four CANDO headstages responsible for electrical recording and optical stimulation through custom CANDO LED optrodes. Control of the hardware, inbuilt algorithms and data acquisition is enabled via the CANDO GUI (Graphical User Interface). Here we describe the design and implementation of this system, and demonstrate how it can be used to modulate neuronal oscillations in vitro and in vivo.
- Published
- 2021
39. Complex disturbance‐driven reactivation of near‐surface sediments in the largest dunefield in North America during the last 200 years
- Author
-
Richard M. Bailey, Catherine E. Buckland, and David S.G. Thomas
- Subjects
Disturbance (geology) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Geochemistry ,Deposition (chemistry) ,Geology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Understanding the historical activity of desert dune systems is important for identifying both the palaeoenvironmental drivers of change and the likelihood of future reactivation. Dating dune sediments in the Nebraska Sandhills has identified regional‐scale dune activity over centennial and millennial timescales during the Holocene, occurring at 9.6‐6.5 ka, 3.8 ka, 2.5 ka and most recently spanning the Medieval Climatic Anomaly 1050‐650 years BP. These periods have been interpreted as palaeoclimatic evidence of intense aridity lasting decadal and centennial timescales. A detailed record of dune activity in the historical period, since EuroAmerican arrival, is however lacking, yet important for interpreting the role of human agency amongst the factors influencing disturbance. Without a high‐resolution record of short term, historical, local sediment mobilisation, it is not possible to distinguish the environmental factor(s) responsible for local reactivation. In this paper, the individual drivers of vegetation disturbance are reviewed and presented alongside a luminescence‐dated reconstruction of dune sediment deposition ages. This allows an integrated assessment of the relationship between drivers and environmental response over a recorded period. We focused our investigation on the aeolian reactivations of surface dune sediments and blowout features around the Niobrara Valley Preserve in the northern limits of the Nebraska Sandhills. Results show a near‐continuous (within uncertainties) timeline of local reactivation across the sites studied, with variation between the individual features indicating that both regional (i.e. climatic) and local (i.e. land use) forcings contribute to surface disturbance.
- Published
- 2019
40. Analytic Versus Computational Cognitive Models: Agent-Based Modeling as a Tool in Cognitive Sciences
- Author
-
Ernesto Carrella, Jens Koed Madsen, Philipp E. Koralus, and Richard M. Bailey
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,021103 operations research ,business.industry ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Complex system ,Cognition ,02 engineering and technology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Isolation (database systems) ,State (computer science) ,Artificial intelligence ,Focus (optics) ,Psychology ,business ,General Psychology - Abstract
Computational cognitive models typically focus on individual behavior in isolation. Models frequently employ closed-form solutions in which a state of the system can be computed if all parameters and functions are known. However, closed-form models are challenged when used to predict behaviors for dynamic, adaptive, and heterogeneous agents. Such systems are complex and typically cannot be predicted or explained by analytical solutions without application of significant simplifications. In addressing this problem, cognitive and social psychological sciences may profitably use agent-based models, which are widely employed to simulate complex systems. We show that these models can be used to explore how cognitive models scale in social networks to calibrate model parameters, to validate model predictions, and to engender model development. Agent-based models allow for controlled experiments of complex systems and can explore how changes in low-level parameters impact the behavior at a whole-system level. They can test predictions of cognitive models and may function as a bridge between individually and socially oriented models.
- Published
- 2019
41. American Literature and the New Puritan Studies ed. by Bryce Traister
- Author
-
Richard A. Bailey
- Subjects
History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Classics ,American literature - Published
- 2019
42. P<scp>eter</scp> C. M<scp>ancall</scp>. The Trials of Thomas Morton: An Anglican Lawyer, His Puritan Foes, and the Battle for New England
- Author
-
Richard A. Bailey
- Subjects
Archeology ,History ,Museology - Published
- 2021
43. Evidence for mito-nuclear and sex-linked reproductive barriers between the hybrid Italian sparrow and its parent species.
- Author
-
Cassandra N Trier, Jo S Hermansen, Glenn-Peter Sætre, and Richard I Bailey
- Subjects
Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Studies of reproductive isolation between homoploid hybrid species and their parent species have rarely been carried out. Here we investigate reproductive barriers between a recently recognized hybrid bird species, the Italian sparrow Passer italiae and its parent species, the house sparrow P. domesticus and Spanish sparrow P. hispaniolensis. Reproductive barriers can be difficult to study in hybrid species due to lack of geographical contact between taxa. However, the Italian sparrow lives parapatrically with the house sparrow and both sympatrically and parapatrically with the Spanish sparrow. Through whole-transcriptome sequencing of six individuals of each of the two parent species we identified a set of putatively parent species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After filtering for coverage, genotyping success (>97%) and multiple SNPs per gene, we retained 86 species-informative, genic, nuclear and mitochondrial SNP markers from 84 genes for analysis of 612 male individuals. We show that a disproportionately large number of sex-linked genes, as well as the mitochondria and nuclear genes with mitochondrial function, exhibit sharp clines at the boundaries between the hybrid and the parent species, suggesting a role for mito-nuclear and sex-linked incompatibilities in forming reproductive barriers. We suggest that genomic conflict via interactions between mitochondria and sex-linked genes with mitochondrial function ("mother's curse") at one boundary and centromeric drive at the other may best explain our findings. Hybrid speciation in the Italian sparrow may therefore be influenced by mechanisms similar to those involved in non-hybrid speciation, but with the formation of two geographically separated species boundaries instead of one. Spanish sparrow alleles at some loci have spread north to form reproductive barriers with house sparrows, while house sparrow alleles at different loci, including some on the same chromosome, have spread in the opposite direction to form barriers against Spanish sparrows.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Quantitative trait loci and transcriptome signatures associated with avian heritable resistance to Campylobacter
- Author
-
James C. Kaufman, Androniki Psifidi, Georgios Banos, Mark Fife, Abi Bremner, Stephen J. Bush, Andreas Kranis, Diego Robledo, Lisa Rothwell, David A. Hume, S. Avendano, Mark P. Stevens, Peter K. Kaiser, Kellie A. Watson, Richard A. Bailey, Paul Hocking, Kay M. Russell, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genotype ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Diseases ,Locus (genetics) ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Quantitative trait locus ,Adaptive Immunity ,Major histocompatibility complex ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Allele ,education ,Poultry Diseases ,Disease Resistance ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Campylobacter ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ,Heritability ,Immunity, Innate ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Transcriptome ,Chickens ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Funder: Biotechnology, Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a key risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. One potential control strategy is to select poultry with increased resistance to Campylobacter. We associated high-density genome-wide genotypes (600K single nucleotide polymorphisms) of 3000 commercial broilers with Campylobacter load in their caeca. Trait heritability was modest but significant (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.03). Results confirmed quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 14 and 16 previously identified in inbred chicken lines, and detected two additional QTLs on chromosomes 19 and 26. RNA-Seq analysis of broilers at the extremes of colonisation phenotype identified differentially transcribed genes within the QTL on chromosome 16 and proximal to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus. We identified strong cis-QTLs located within MHC suggesting the presence of cis-acting variation in MHC class I and II and BG genes. Pathway and network analyses implicated cooperative functional pathways and networks in colonisation, including those related to antigen presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, calcium, and renin-angiotensin signalling. While co-selection for enhanced resistance and other breeding goals is feasible, the frequency of resistance-associated alleles was high in the population studied and non-genetic factors significantly influenced Campylobacter colonisation.
- Published
- 2021
45. Induction of paediatric anaesthesia
- Author
-
Michael G, Cooper and Richard J, Bailey
- Subjects
Humans ,Anesthesia ,Child ,Hospitals - Published
- 2020
46. Closed-loop optogenetic control of normal and pathological network dynamics
- Author
-
Stuart N. Baker, Sabrina Tardio, Patrick Degenaar, Frances Hutchings, Anthony O'Neill, Marcus Kaiser, Enrique Escobedo-Cousin, Mark O. Cunningham, Yujiang Wang, Boubker Zaaimi, Timothy G. Constandinou, Nick Donaldson, Gavin J. Clowry, Nikhil K. Ponon, Andrew Jackson, Fiona E. N. LeBeau, Aaliyah Patel, Ahmad Shah Idil, Mark Turnbull, Carolina Gandara de Souza, Richard G. Bailey, Andrew J. Trevelyan, and Anupam Hazra
- Subjects
Computer science ,Optogenetics ,Network dynamics ,Closed loop ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Electrical neurostimulation is effective in treating neurological disorders, but associated recording artefacts generally limit applications to ‘open-loop’ stimuli. Since light does not prevent concurrent electrical recordings, optogenetics enables real-time, continuous ‘closed-loop’ control of brain activity. Here we show that closed-loop optogenetic stimulation with excitatory opsins (CLOSe) affords precise manipulation of neural dynamics, both in vitro, in brain slices from transgenic mice, and in vivo, with anesthetised monkeys. We demonstrate the generation of oscillations in quiescent tissue, enhancement or suppression of endogenous patterns in active tissue, and modulation of seizure-like bursts elicited by 4-aminopyridine. New network properties, emergent under CLOSe, depended on the phase-shift imposed between neural activity and optical stimulation, and could be modelled with a nonlinear dynamical system. In particular, CLOSe could stabilise or destabilise limit cycles associated with seizure oscillations, evident from systematic changes in the variability and entropy of seizure trajectories that correlated with their altered duration and intensity. Furthermore, CLOSe was achieved using intracortical optrodes incorporating light-emitting diodes, paving the way for translation of closed-loop optogenetics towards therapeutic applications in humans.
- Published
- 2020
47. Deterioration risk of dryland earthen heritage sites facing future climatic uncertainty
- Author
-
Richard M. Bailey, Jenny Richards, Xudong Wang, Heather Viles, Jerome R. Mayaud, and Qinglin Guo
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Vegetation ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Environmental impact ,Environmental protection ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,Climate-change impacts ,Climate and Earth system modelling ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Uncertainties over future climatic conditions pose significant challenges when selecting appropriate conservation strategies for heritage sites. Choosing effective strategies is especially important for earthen heritage sites located in dryland regions, as many are experiencing rapid environmentally-driven deterioration. We use a newly developed cellular automaton model (ViSTA-HD), to evaluate the environmental deterioration risk, over a 100-year period, under a range of potential climate and conservation scenarios. Results show increased wind velocities could substantially increase the overall deterioration risk, implying the need for wind-reducing conservation strategies. In contrast, predicted increases in rainfall are not likely to increase the overall deterioration risk, despite greater risk of rain-driven deterioration features. Of the four conservation strategies tested in our model, deterioration risk under all climatic scenarios was best reduced by increasing the coverage of natural, randomly-distributed vegetation to 80%. We suggest this approach could be an appropriate long-term conservation strategy for other earthen sites in dryland regions.
- Published
- 2020
48. A Bibliography of Barbara Strang
- Author
-
Richard N. Bailey
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Bibliography ,Art history ,Art ,media_common - Published
- 2020
49. Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens
- Author
-
Eduardo O De Souza, S. Avendano, and Richard A. Bailey
- Subjects
Physiology ,Genetic relationship ,Biology ,heritability ,broiler ,Genetic correlation ,lcsh:Physiology ,meat quality ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Physiology (medical) ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,genetics ,Myopathy ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Heritability ,040201 dairy & animal science ,breeding ,medicine.symptom ,Purebred ,breast muscle ,myopathy - Abstract
This report provides the first estimates of the genetic basis of all key breast muscle myopathies (BMM) in broiler chickens [Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping and spaghetti breast] and their relationship with body weight and breast yield. Data from a pure bred high yielding commercial broiler line were analysed to estimate the genetic parameters using a multivariate animal model with the appropriate fixed effects and permanent environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities of the BMM ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 and the genetic correlation of the BMM with body weight and breast yield ranged from -0.06 to 0.41. Here we highlight that the genetic variance of BMM accounts for a low proportion of the phenotypic variance and the BMM have a low genetic relationship with performance traits. The large contribution of residual variance to the phenotypic variance for the BBM was >71.5% which indicates the importance of the non-genetic effects on BMM. The data presented also show that the moderate to low genetic influence for the development of BMM can be used, through balanced selection, to reduce the myopathy incidence in the long term. The impact of genetic selection against BMM was tested empirically by comparing the incidence of WB and % breast yield of a commercial broiler with a high generation (HG) broiler. The HG broiler used represents 2 years of genetic improvement compared to the commercial broiler; the HG broiler had an 18.4% relative decrease in WB and a 1.02% relative increase in breast yield compared to the commercial broiler. This paper describes the relationship between the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing BMM highlighting the importance of understanding the non-genetic effects on myopathy incidence. It also shows that the genetic component of BMM can be reduced whilst at the same time improving breast yield as part of balanced breeding goals.
- Published
- 2020
50. Modelling the risk of deterioration at earthen heritage sites in drylands
- Author
-
Fasi Wu, Jerome R. Mayaud, Heather Viles, Richard M. Bailey, Hongtao Zhan, and Jenny Richards
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The variable climatic and environmental conditions associated with dryland regions can cause rapid erosion to both natural and man‐made earthen structures. Whilst there is a long history of research into the evolution of erosional landforms such as yardangs, little research has investigated how dryland processes influence the erosion of built structures. Earthen heritage sites located in arid and semi‐arid environments experience rapid deterioration caused by exposure to environmental drivers such as wind and rain. Understanding how these environmental drivers interact with each other and cause deterioration to earthen material is vital for successful conservation strategies. To address this need, we present the Vegetation and Sediment TrAnsport model for Heritage Deterioration (ViSTA‐HD) that simulates the risk of polishing, pitting and slurry on earthen heritage in a spatially specific manner. A technical description of the model is provided, and sensitivity and validation tests are reported. The model is then used to simulate the risk of deterioration occurring over centennial timescales at a Suoyang Ancient City, located in semi‐arid northwest China. The modelled risk of deterioration is in good agreement with deterioration patterns found at Suoyang, with the risk of polishing predominantly occurring around the wall edges, areas at risk of pitting echoing the dune formation and the risk of slurry occurring in drape‐like patterns down the wall face. Consequently, ViSTA‐HD is a powerful and versatile model that can be used to help inform our understandings of long‐term interactions between dryland processes and deteriorative impact on earthen structures.
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.