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5. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

Author

Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R., Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C., Brazel, David M., Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D., Gardner, Eugene J., Akimova, Evelina T., Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E., Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I., Chavarro, Jorge E., Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D., Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J., Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J. C., Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P., Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, van Heemst, Diana, Hill, W. David, Hoffmann, Eva R., Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnus, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, Lind, Penelope A., Luan, Jian’an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G., Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I., McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E., Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A., Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, van der Most, Peter J., de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthias, Nolte, Ilja M., Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chris, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Ridker, Paul M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Ring, Susan M., Rose, Lynda M., Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A., Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Doris, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A., Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A. Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J., Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G., Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J., Weir, David R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K., Mills, Melinda C., and Perry, John R. B.

Published
2023
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9. The COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium: A Call to Action

Author

Chan, Andrew T, Drew, David A, Nguyen, Long H, Joshi, Amit D, Ma, Wenjie, Guo, Chuan-Guo, Lo, Chun-Han, Mehta, Raaj S, Kwon, Sohee, Sikavi, Daniel R, Magicheva-Gupta, Marina V, Fatehi, Zahra S, Flynn, Jacqueline J, Leonardo, Brianna M, Albert, Christine M, Andreotti, Gabriella, Beane-Freeman, Laura E, Balasubramanian, Bijal A, Brownstein, John S, Bruinsma, Fiona, Cowan, Annie N, Deka, Anusila, Ernst, Michael E, Figueiredo, Jane C, Franks, Paul W, Gardner, Christopher D, Ghobrial, Irene M, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Janet E, Deming-Halverson, Sandra L, Kirpach, Brenda, Lacey, James V, Le Marchand, Loïc, Marinac, Catherine R, Martinez, Maria Elena, Milne, Roger L, Murray, Anne M, Nash, Denis, Palmer, Julie R, Patel, Alpa V, Rosenberg, Lynn, Sandler, Dale P, Sharma, Shreela V, Schurman, Shepherd H, Wilkens, Lynne R, Chavarro, Jorge E, Eliassen, A Heather, Hart, Jaime E, Kang, Jae Hee, Koenen, Karestan C, Kubzansky, Laura D, Mucci, Lorelei A, Ourselin, Sebastien, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Song, Mingyang, Stampfer, Meir J, Steves, Claire J, Willett, Walter C, Wolf, Jonathan, and Spector, Tim

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Data Collection, Humans, Models, Biological, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, Smartphone, Software, United Kingdom, United States, COPE Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the real-time collection of population-scale data to inform near-term public health needs as well as future investigations. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to address this unprecedented crisis on behalf of the epidemiology research community. As a central component of this initiative, we have developed a COVID Symptom Study (previously known as the COVID Symptom Tracker) mobile application as a common data collection tool for epidemiologic cohort studies with active study participants. This mobile application collects information on risk factors, daily symptoms, and outcomes through a user-friendly interface that minimizes participant burden. Combined with our efforts within the general population, data collected from nearly 3 million participants in the United States and United Kingdom are being used to address critical needs in the emergency response, including identifying potential hot spots of disease and clinically actionable risk factors. The linkage of symptom data collected in the app with information and biospecimens already collected in epidemiology cohorts will position us to address key questions related to diet, lifestyle, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on susceptibility to COVID-19, clinical outcomes related to infection, and long-term physical, mental health, and financial sequalae. We call upon additional epidemiology cohorts to join this collective effort to strengthen our impact on the current health crisis and generate a new model for a collaborative and nimble research infrastructure that will lead to more rapid translation of our work for the betterment of public health.

Published
2020

12. Maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with LEP DNA methylation at birth and in childhood: an epigenome-wide study in Project Viva

Author

Tian, Fu-Ying, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Cardenas, Andres, Baccarelli, Andrea A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Litonjua, Augusto A, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Hivert, Marie-France

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Human Genome, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Adult, Child, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Epigenome, Female, Fetal Blood, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leptin, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Prospective Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role in regulating the secretion of cortisol which controls a wide range of biological processes. Fetuses overexposed to cortisol have increased risks of disease in later life. DNA methylation may be the underlying association between prenatal cortisol exposure and health effects. We investigated associations between maternal CRH levels and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of cord blood in offsprings and evaluated whether these associations persisted into mid-childhood.MethodsWe investigated mother-child pairs enrolled in the prospective Project Viva pre-birth cohort. We measured DNA methylation in 257 umbilical cord blood samples using the HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip. We tested associations of maternal CRH concentration with cord blood cells DNA methylation, adjusting the model for maternal age at enrollment, education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, gestational age at delivery, child sex, and cell-type composition in cord blood. We further examined the persistence of associations between maternal CRH levels and DNA methylation in children's blood cells collected at mid-childhood (n = 239, age: 6.7-10.3 years) additionally adjusting for the children's age at blood drawn.ResultsMaternal CRH levels are associated with DNA methylation variability in cord blood cells at 96 individual CpG sites (False Discovery Rate

Published
2019

23. Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity

Author

Ma, Wenjie, Nguyen, Long H, Yue, Yiyang, Ding, Ming, Drew, David A, Wang, Kai, Merino, Jordi, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Sun, Qi, Camargo, Carlos A, Jr., Giovannucci, Edward, Willett, Walter, Manson, JoAnn E, Song, Mingyang, Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N, and Chan, Andrew T

Published
2022
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34. List of Contributors

Author

Bakrania, Bhavisha A., primary, Bernstein, Ira M., additional, Burton, Graham J., additional, Cindrova-Davies, Tereza, additional, Cipolla, Marilyn J., additional, Conrad, Kirk P., additional, Davidge, Sandra T., additional, de Groot, Christianne, additional, Dechend, Ralf, additional, Figueiro-Filho, Ernesto, additional, Fisher, Susan J., additional, George, Eric M., additional, Gernand, Alison D., additional, Goulopoulou, Styliani, additional, Granger, Joey P., additional, Gray, Kathryn J., additional, Hauspurg, Alisse, additional, Hibbard, Judith U., additional, Hubel, Carl A., additional, Jeyabalan, Arun, additional, Karumanchi, S. Ananth, additional, Kenny, Louise, additional, Laivuori, Hannele, additional, LaMarca, Babbette, additional, Lindheimer, Marshall D., additional, Miller, Eliza C., additional, Navaratnam, Kate, additional, Ontiveros, Alejandra E., additional, Rana, Sarosh, additional, Redman, Christopher W.G., additional, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., additional, Robertson, Sarah A., additional, Roberts, James M., additional, Schalekamp-Timmermans, Sarah, additional, Shroff, Sanjeev G., additional, Staff, Anne Cathrine, additional, Stillman, Isaac E., additional, Stuart, Jennifer J., additional, Taylor, Robert N., additional, Umans, Jason G., additional, Vatish, Manu, additional, Ward, Kenneth, additional, Wiles, Kate, additional, and Yung, Hong Wa, additional

Published
2022
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39. Sexual orientation disparities in gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Author

Chakraborty, Payal, Everett, Bethany G., Reynolds, Colleen A., Hoatson, Tabor, Stuart, Jennifer J., McKetta, Sarah C., Soled, Kodiak R. S., Huang, Aimee K., Chavarro, Jorge E., Eliassen, A. Heather, Obedin‐Maliver, Juno, Austin, S. Bryn, Rich‐Edwards, Janet W., Haneuse, Sebastien, and Charlton, Brittany M.

Subjects
PREGNANCY outcomes, MULTIPLE pregnancy, GESTATIONAL diabetes, SEXUAL orientation, SEXUAL minorities, SEXUAL attraction, PREECLAMPSIA
Abstract

Background: Sexual minority (SM) individuals (e.g., those with same‐sex attractions/partners or who identify as lesbian/gay/bisexual) experience a host of physical and mental health disparities. However, little is known about sexual orientation‐related disparities in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP; gestational hypertension [gHTN] and preeclampsia). Objective: To estimate disparities in GDM, gHTN and preeclampsia by sexual orientation. Methods: We used data from the Nurses' Health Study II—a cohort of nurses across the US enrolled in 1989 at 25–42 years of age—restricted to those with pregnancies ≥20 weeks gestation and non‐missing sexual orientation data (63,518 participants; 146,079 pregnancies). Our primary outcomes were GDM, gHTN and preeclampsia, which participants reported for each of their pregnancies. Participants also reported their sexual orientation identity and same‐sex attractions/partners. We compared the risk of each outcome in pregnancies among heterosexual participants with no same‐sex experience (reference) to those among SM participants overall and within subgroups: (1) heterosexual with same‐sex experience, (2) mostly heterosexual, (3) bisexual and (4) lesbian/gay participants. We used modified Poisson models to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), fit via weighted generalised estimating equations, to account for multiple pregnancies per person over time and informative cluster sizes. Results: The overall prevalence of each outcome was ≤5%. Mostly heterosexual participants had a 31% higher risk of gHTN (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66), and heterosexual participants with same‐sex experience had a 31% higher risk of GDM (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13, 1.50), compared to heterosexual participants with no same‐sex experience. The magnitudes of the risk ratios were high among bisexual participants for gHTN and preeclampsia and among lesbian/gay participants for gHTN. Conclusions: Some SM groups may be disparately burdened by GDM and HDP. Elucidating modifiable mechanisms (e.g., structural barriers, discrimination) for reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes among SM populations is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Accuracy of Maternal Self-Report of Recent Preeclampsia Among Healthy Women.

Author

Stuart, Jennifer J., Skurnik, Geraldine, Roche, Andrea T., Tsigas, Eleni, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., and Seely, Ellen W.

Subjects
PREECLAMPSIA diagnosis, PROTEINURIA diagnosis, SELF-evaluation, PREDICTIVE tests, RESEARCH funding, RESEARCH evaluation, MOTHERS, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HYPERTENSION in pregnancy, PREECLAMPSIA, RESEARCH methodology, TELEPHONES, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, MEMORY
Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia history signals a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, but its value as a risk marker relies primarily on self-report. To identify the accuracy of maternal self-reports of recent preeclampsia, we conducted a validation study among women recruited to a web-based trial. Methods: Women with preeclampsia in the past 5 years were recruited to Heart Health 4 Moms. Preeclampsia was self-reported through an online recruitment questionnaire and affirmed via phone screen. Accuracy of maternal self-report was quantified using positive predictive value (PPV) versus medical record evidence of preeclampsia using three definitions: (1) documentation of clinician diagnosis, (2) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 2002 diagnostic criteria (gestational hypertension and proteinuria), and (3) ACOG 2013 diagnostic criteria (gestational hypertension and proteinuria or systemic symptoms). Results: Complete medical records were received for 290 women who delivered from 2011 to 2016 and were predominantly non-Hispanic White (81.7%) with a mean age of 31.2 ± 4.8 years. Mean length of recall was 13.6 ± 14.7 months. The majority of women (92.1%) had medical record evidence of preeclampsia using ≥1 of the definitions. Maternal self-report of preeclampsia was validated for 88.3% based on clinician diagnosis, 59.0% with ACOG 2002, and 65.2% with ACOG 2013. Conclusions: In this validation study of U.S. women, the majority accurately self-reported their preeclampsia diagnosis based on medical record review. A higher proportion of self-reports validated by clinician diagnosis than ACOG criteria, suggesting women remember the diagnosis given by their provider and providers may not always follow or document criteria when making a diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. A mixed-methods analysis of moral injury among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Scoglio, Arielle A. J., Stelson, Elisabeth A., Becene, Iris, Marquez, Camille Ianne, and Rich-Edwards, Janet W.

Subjects
HARM (Ethics), COVID-19 pandemic, MEDICAL personnel, LABOR market, ROLE conflict, WORK-related injuries
Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers faced grave responsibilities amidst rapidly changing policies and material and staffing shortages. Moral injury, psychological distress following events where actions transgress moral beliefs/ expectations, increased among healthcare workers. We used a sequential mixed methods approach to examine workplace and contextual factors related to moral injury early in the pandemic. Using a Total Worker Health® framework, we 1) examined factors associated with moral injury among active healthcare professionals (N = 14,145) surveyed between May-August 2020 and 2) qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses from 95 randomly selected participants who endorsed moral injury on the survey. Compared to inpatient hospital, outpatient (OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85]) or school clinic settings (OR = 0.37 [0.18, 0.75]) were associated with lower odds of moral injury; while group care settings increased odds (OR = 1.36 [1.07, 1.74]). Working with COVID+ patients (confirmed+ OR = 1.27 [1.03, 1.55]), PPE inadequacy (OR = 1.54 [1.27, 1.87]), and greater role conflict (OR = 1.57 [1.53, 1.62]) were associated with greater odds of moral injury. Qualitative findings illustrate how outside factors as well as organizational policies and working conditions influenced moral injury. Moral injury experiences affected staff turnover and patient care, potentially producing additional morally injurious effects. Worker- and patient-centered organizational policies are needed to prevent moral injury among healthcare workers. The generalizability of these findings may be limited by our predominantly white and female sample. Further research is indicated to replicate these findings in minoritized samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study

Author

Albert, Christine M., Andreotti, Gabriella, Bala, Bijal, Balasubramanian, Bijal A., Beane-Freeman, Laura E., Brownstein, John S., Bruinsma, Fiona J., Coresh, Joe, Costa, Rui, Cowan, Annie N., Deka, Anusila, Deming-Halverson, Sandra L., Elena Martinez, Maria, Ernst, Michael E., Figueiredo, Jane C., Fortuna, Pedro, Franks, Paul W., Freeman, Laura Beane, Gardner, Christopher D., Ghobrial, Irene M., Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Janet E., Kang, Jae H., Kirpach, Brenda, Koenen, Karestan C., Kubzansky, Laura D., Lacey, Jr, James V., Le Marchand, Loic, Lin, Xihong, Lutsey, Pam, Marinac, Catherine R., Martinez, Maria Elena, Milne, Roger L., Murray, Anne M., Nash, Denis, Palmer, Julie R., Patel, Alpa V., Pierce, Eric, Robertson, McKaylee M., Rosenberg, Lynn, Sandler, Dale P., Schurman, Shepherd H., Sewalk, Kara, Sharma, Shreela V., Sidey-Gibbons, Christopher J., Slevin, Liz, Smoller, Jordan W.., Steves, Claire J., Tiirikainen, Maarit I., Weiss, Scott T., Wilkens, Lynne R., Zhang, Feng, Nguyen, Long H, Drew, David A, Graham, Mark S, Joshi, Amit D, Guo, Chuan-Guo, Ma, Wenjie, Mehta, Raaj S, Warner, Erica T, Sikavi, Daniel R, Lo, Chun-Han, Kwon, Sohee, Song, Mingyang, Mucci, Lorelei A, Stampfer, Meir J, Willett, Walter C, Eliassen, A Heather, Hart, Jaime E, Chavarro, Jorge E, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Davies, Richard, Capdevila, Joan, Lee, Karla A, Lochlainn, Mary Ni, Varsavsky, Thomas, Sudre, Carole H, Cardoso, M Jorge, Wolf, Jonathan, Spector, Tim D, Ourselin, Sebastien, Steves, Claire J, and Chan, Andrew T

Published
2020
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