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1. Safety and effectiveness of three novel all-oral shortened regimens for rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Kazakhstan

Author

Rashitov, Makhmujan, primary, Franke, Molly, additional, Trevisi, Letizia, additional, Bekbolatova, Gulzhanat, additional, Shalimova, Julia, additional, Eshmetov, Gafurzhan, additional, Bektasov, Sagit, additional, LaHood, Allison, additional, Arlyapova, Nataliya, additional, Osso, Elna, additional, Yedilbayev, Askar, additional, Korotych, Oleksandr, additional, Ciobanu, Anisoara, additional, Skrahina, Alena, additional, Mitnick, Carole D, additional, Seung, Kwonjune, additional, Algozhin, Yerkebulan, additional, and Rich, Michael L, additional

Published
2024
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2. Sputum culture reversion in longer treatments with bedaquiline, delamanid, and repurposed drugs for drug-resistant tuberculosis

Author

Kho, Sooyeon, primary, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, Khan, Palwasha Y., additional, Mitnick, Carole D., additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Islam, Shirajul, additional, Zhizhilashvili, Dali, additional, Yeghiazaryan, Lusine, additional, Nikolenko, Elena Nikolaevna, additional, Zarli, Khin, additional, Adnan, Sana, additional, Salahuddin, Naseem, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Vargas, Zully Haydee Ruíz, additional, Bekele, Amsalu, additional, Shaimerdenova, Aiman, additional, Tamirat, Meseret, additional, Gelin, Alain, additional, Vilbrun, Stalz Charles, additional, Hewison, Catherine, additional, Khan, Uzma, additional, and Franke, Molly, additional

Published
2024
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4. Effectiveness of a bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine "core" for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Author

Zeng, Chengbo, primary, Hernan, Miguel A., additional, Trevisi, Letizia, additional, Sauer, Sara, additional, Mitnick, Carole D., additional, Hewison, Catherine, additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, Khan, Palwasha, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Law, Stephaine, additional, Kikvidze, Marina, additional, Kirakosyan, Ohanna, additional, Miankou, Alexey, additional, Thit, Phone, additional, Mamsa, Shahid, additional, Janmohamed, Aleeza, additional, Melikyan, Nara, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Vargas, Dante, additional, Binegdie, Amsalu Bekele, additional, Temirova, Kulbaram, additional, Oyewusi, Lawrence, additional, Philippe, Kerline, additional, Vilbrun, Stalz C., additional, Khan, Uzma, additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, and Franke, Molly F., additional

Published
2024
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5. Target regimen profiles for treatment of tuberculosis: a WHO document.

Author

Lienhardt, Christian, Nahid, Payam, Rich, Michael L, Bansbach, Cathy, Kendall, Emily A, Churchyard, Gavin, González-Angulo, Lice, D'Ambrosio, Lia, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, and Raviglione, Mario

Subjects
Humans, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Rifampin, Antitubercular Agents, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Drug Therapy, Combination, Communicable Disease Control, Drug Interactions, Models, Theoretical, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Disease Medicine, Respiratory System, Medical and Health Sciences
Published
2017

6. Rwanda 20 years on: investing in life

Author

Binagwaho, Agnes, Farmer, Paul E, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Karema, Corine, Gasana, Michel, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Ngabo, Fidele, Wagner, Claire M, Nutt, Cameron T, Nyatanyi, Thierry, Gatera, Maurice, Kayiteshonga, Yvonne, Mugeni, Cathy, Mugwaneza, Placidie, Shema, Joseph, Uwaliraye, Parfait, Gaju, Erick, Muhimpundu, Marie Aimee, Dushime, Theophile, Senyana, Florent, Mazarati, Jean Baptiste, Gaju, Celsa Muzayire, Tuyisenge, Lisine, Mutabazi, Vincent, Kyamanywa, Patrick, Rusanganwa, Vincent, Nyemazi, Jean Pierre, Umutoni, Agathe, Kankindi, Ida, Ntizimira, Christian, Ruton, Hinda, Mugume, Nathan, Nkunda, Denis, Ndenga, Espérance, Mubiligi, Joel M, Kakoma, Jean Baptiste, Karita, Etienne, Sekabaraga, Claude, Rusingiza, Emmanuel, Rich, Michael L, Mukherjee, Joia S, Rhatigan, Joseph, Cancedda, Corrado, Bertrand-Farmer, Didi, Bukhman, Gene, Stulac, Sara N, Tapela, Neo M, van der Hoof Holstein, Cassia, Shulman, Lawrence N, Habinshuti, Antoinette, Bonds, Matthew H, Wilkes, Michael S, Lu, Chunling, Smith-Fawzi, Mary C, Swain, JaBaris D, Murphy, Michael P, Ricks, Alan, Kerry, Vanessa B, Bush, Barbara P, Siegler, Richard W, Stern, Cori S, Sliney, Anne, Nuthulaganti, Tej, Karangwa, Injonge, Pegurri, Elisabetta, Dahl, Ophelia, and Drobac, Peter C

Subjects
Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Child Mortality, Delivery of Health Care, Genocide, HIV Infections, Health Policy, Humans, Rwanda, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Warfare, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

Two decades ago, the genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda led to the deaths of 1 million people, and the displacement of millions more. Injury and trauma were followed by the effects of a devastated health system and economy. In the years that followed, a new course set by a new government set into motion equity-oriented national policies focusing on social cohesion and people-centred development. Premature mortality rates have fallen precipitously in recent years, and life expectancy has doubled since the mid-1990s. Here we reflect on the lessons learned in rebuilding Rwanda's health sector during the past two decades, as the country now prepares itself to take on new challenges in health-care delivery.

Published
2014

7. Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treated With Regimens That Include New and Repurposed Drugs

Author

Lotia Farrukh, Ismat, primary, Lachenal, Nathalie, additional, Adenov, Malik M, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Algozhin, Yerkebulan, additional, Coutisson, Sylvine, additional, Garavito, Epifanio Sánchez, additional, Hewison, Catherine, additional, Holtzman, David, additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, Janmohamed, Aleeza, additional, Khan, Palwasha Y, additional, Jacques, Gamarly Leblanc, additional, Lomtadze, Nino, additional, Melikyan, Nara, additional, Mitnick, Carole D, additional, Mussabekova, Gulnaz, additional, Osso, Elna, additional, Perea, Sara, additional, Putri, Fauziah Asnely, additional, Rashidov, Mahmud, additional, Rich, Michael L, additional, Sakhabutdinova, Yekaterina, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J, additional, Stambekova, Assel, additional, Vásquez, Dante Vargas, additional, Franke, Molly F, additional, and Khan, Uzma, additional

Published
2023
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8. Effectiveness of Bedaquiline Use Beyond Six Months in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Author

Trevisi, Letizia, primary, Hernán, Miguel A., additional, Mitnick, Carole D, additional, Khan, Uzma, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, Melikyan, Nara, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Avaliani, Zaza, additional, Llanos, Felix, additional, Manzur-ul-Alam, Mohammed, additional, Zarli, Khin, additional, Binedgie, Amsalu Bekele, additional, Adnan, Sana, additional, Melikyan, Arusyak, additional, Gelin, Alain, additional, Isani, Afshan K, additional, Vetushko, Dmitry, additional, Daugarina, Zhenisgul, additional, Nkundanyirazo, Patrick, additional, Putri, Fauziah Asnely, additional, Vilbrun, Charles, additional, Khan, Munira, additional, Hewison, Catherine, additional, Khan, Palwasha Y, additional, and Franke, Molly F, additional

Published
2023
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12. Corrigendum to ‘Culture conversion at six months in patients receiving bedaquiline- and delamanid-containing regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis’ International Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 113S1 (2021) S91-S95

Author

Maretbayeva, Shynar M., primary, Rakisheva, Anar S., additional, Adenov, Malik M., additional, Yeraliyeva, Lyazzat T., additional, Algozhin, Yerkebulan Zh., additional, Stambekova, Assel T., additional, Berikova, Elmira A., additional, Yedilbayev, Askar, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, and Issayeva, Assiya M., additional

Published
2022
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15. Safety and effectiveness outcomes from a 14-country cohort of patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis treated concomitantly with bedaquiline, delamanid and other second-line drugs

Author

Huerga, Helena, Khan, Uzma, Bastard, Mathieu, Mitnick, Carole D, Lachenal, Nathalie, Khan, Palwasha Y, Seung, Kwonjune J, Melikyan, Nara, Ahmed, Saman, Rich, Michael L, Varaine, Francis, Osso, Elna, Rashitov, Makhmujan, Salahuddin, Naseem, Salia, Gocha, Sánchez, Epifanio, Serobyan, Armine, Siddiqui, Muhammad Rafi, Tefera, Dri Grium, Vetushko, Dmitry, Yeghiazaryan, Lusine, Holtzman, David, Islam, Shirajul, Kumsa, Andargachew, Leblanc, Gamarly Jacques, Leonovich, Olga, Mamsa, Shahid, Manzur-Ul-Alam, Mohammad, Myint, Zaw, Padayachee, Shrivani, Franke, Molly F, Hewison, Catherine, and endTB study observational study team

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Concomitant use of bedaquiline (Bdq) and delamanid (Dlm) for multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) has raised concerns about a potentially poor risk-benefit ratio. Yet, this combination is an important alternative for patients infected with strains of TB with complex drug resistance profiles or who cannot tolerate other therapies. We assessed safety and treatment outcomes of MDR/RR-TB patients receiving concomitant Bdq and Dlm, along with other second-line anti-TB drugs. METHODS: We conducted a multi-centric, prospective observational cohort study across 14 countries among patients receiving concomitant Bdq-Dlm treatment. Patients were recruited between April 2015 and September 2018 and were followed until the end of treatment. All serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest (AESI), leading to a treatment change, or judged significant by a clinician, were systematically monitored and documented. RESULTS: Overall, 472 patients received Bdq and Dlm concomitantly. A large majority also received linezolid (89.6%) and clofazimine (84.5%). Nearly all (90.3%) had extensive disease; most (74.2%) had resistance to fluoroquinolones. The most common AESI were peripheral neuropathy (134, 28.4%) and electrolyte depletion (94, 19.9%). Acute kidney injury and myelosuppression were seen in 40 (8.5%) and 24 (5.1%) of patients, respectively. QT prolongation occurred in 7 (1.5%). Overall, 78.0% (358/458) had successful treatment outcomes, 8.9% died and 7.2% experienced treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant use of Bdq and Dlm, along with linezolid and clofazimine, is safe and effective for MDR/RR-TB patients with extensive disease. Using these drugs concomitantly is a good therapeutic option for patients with resistance to many anti-TB drugs.

Published
2022

16. Safety of Treatment Regimens Containing Bedaquiline and Delamanid in the endTB Cohort

Author

Hewison, Catherine, primary, Khan, Uzma, additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, Lachenal, Nathalie, additional, Coutisson, Sylvine, additional, Osso, Elna, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Khan, Palwasha, additional, Franke, Molly F, additional, Rich, Michael L, additional, Varaine, Francis, additional, Melikyan, Nara, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J, additional, Adenov, Malik, additional, Adnan, Sana, additional, Danielyan, Narine, additional, Islam, Shirajul, additional, Janmohamed, Aleeza, additional, Karakozian, Hayk, additional, Kamene Kimenye, Maureen, additional, Kirakosyan, Ohanna, additional, Kholikulov, Begimkul, additional, Krisnanda, Aga, additional, Kumsa, Andargachew, additional, Leblanc, Garmaly, additional, Lecca, Leonid, additional, Nkuebe, Mpiti, additional, Mamsa, Shahid, additional, Padayachee, Shrivani, additional, Thit, Phone, additional, Mitnick, Carole D, additional, and Huerga, Helena, additional

Published
2022
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18. Machines as crime fighters: are you ready?

Author

Rich, Michael L.

Subjects
Crime prevention -- Methods, Machine learning -- Usage, Law
Abstract

A computer screen in a police dispatch office shows a live feed from a video camera trained on a public street corner, where people walk, linger, and interact. A beep [...]

Published
2016

19. Geographic barriers to establishing a successful hospital referral system in rural Madagascar

Author

Ihantamalala, Felana Angella, primary, Bonds, Matthew H, additional, Randriamihaja, Mauricianot, additional, Rakotonirina, Luc, additional, Herbreteau, Vincent, additional, Révillion, Christophe, additional, Rakotoarimanana, Serge, additional, Cowley, Giovanna, additional, Andriatiana, Tsirinomen’ny Aina, additional, Mayfield, Alishya, additional, Rich, Michael L, additional, Rakotonanahary, Rado J L, additional, Finnegan, Karen E, additional, Ramarson, Andriamanolohaja, additional, Razafinjato, Benedicte, additional, Ramiandrisoa, Bruno, additional, Randrianambinina, Andriamihaja, additional, Cordier, Laura F, additional, and Garchitorena, Andres, additional

Published
2021
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21. Integrating Health Systems and Science to Respond to COVID-19 in a Model District of Rural Madagascar

Author

Rakotonanahary, Rado J. L., primary, Andriambolamanana, Herinjaka, additional, Razafinjato, Benedicte, additional, Raza-Fanomezanjanahary, Estelle M., additional, Ramanandraitsiory, Vero, additional, Ralaivavikoa, Fiainamirindra, additional, Tsirinomen'ny Aina, Andritiana, additional, Rahajatiana, Lea, additional, Rakotonirina, Luc, additional, Haruna, Justin, additional, Cordier, Laura F., additional, Murray, Megan B., additional, Cowley, Giovanna, additional, Jordan, Demetrice, additional, Krasnow, Mark A., additional, Wright, Patricia C., additional, Gillespie, Thomas R., additional, Docherty, Michael, additional, Loyd, Tara, additional, Evans, Michelle V., additional, Drake, John M., additional, Ngonghala, Calistus N., additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Popper, Stephen J., additional, Miller, Ann C., additional, Ihantamalala, Felana A., additional, Randrianambinina, Andriamihaja, additional, Ramiandrisoa, Bruno, additional, Rakotozafy, Emmanuel, additional, Rasolofomanana, Albert, additional, Rakotozafy, Germain, additional, Andriamahatana Vololoniaina, Manuela C., additional, Andriamihaja, Benjamin, additional, Garchitorena, Andres, additional, Rakotonirina, Julio, additional, Mayfield, Alishya, additional, Finnegan, Karen E., additional, and Bonds, Matthew H., additional

Published
2021
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24. All-oral longer regimens are effective for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in high-burden settings

Author

Khan, Palwasha Y., primary, Franke, Molly F., additional, Hewison, Catherine, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Khan, Munira, additional, Sultana, Tanha, additional, Manzur-ul-Alam, Mohammad, additional, Vo, Luan N.Q., additional, Lecca, Leonid, additional, Yae, Kalkidan, additional, Kozhabekov, Serik, additional, Tamirat, Meseret, additional, Gelin, Alain, additional, Vilbrun, Stalz C., additional, Kikvidze, Marina, additional, Faqirzai, Jamil, additional, Kadyrov, Abdullaat, additional, Skrahina, Alena, additional, Mesic, Anita, additional, Avagyan, Nana, additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Khan, Uzma, additional, and Mitnick, Carole D., additional

Published
2021
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27. Culture Conversion in Patients Treated with Bedaquiline and/or Delamanid. A Prospective Multicountry Study

Author

Franke, Molly F., primary, Khan, Palwasha, additional, Hewison, Cathy, additional, Khan, Uzma, additional, Huerga, Helena, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Zarli, Khin, additional, Samieva, Nazgul, additional, Oyewusi, Lawrence, additional, Nair, Parvati, additional, Mudassar, Mishaz, additional, Melikyan, Nara, additional, Lenggogeni, Putri, additional, Lecca, Leonid, additional, Kumsa, Andargachew, additional, Khan, Munira, additional, Islam, Shirajul, additional, Hussein, Kerow, additional, Docteur, Wisny, additional, Chumburidze, Nino, additional, Berikova, Elmira, additional, Atshemyan, Hakob, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Alam, Manzurul, additional, Ahmed, Saman, additional, Bastard, Mathieu, additional, and Mitnick, Carole D., additional

Published
2021
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28. Comprehensive treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

Author

Mitnick, Carole D., Shin, Sonya S., Seung, Kwonjune J., Rich, Michael L., Atwood, Sidney S., Furin, Jennifer J., Fitzmaurice, Garrett M., Viru, Felix A. Alcantara, Appleton, Sasha C., Bayona, Jaime N., Bonilla, Cesar A., Chalco, Katiuska, Choi, Sharon, Franke, Molly F., Fraser, Hamish S.F., Guerra, Dalia, Hurtado, Rocio M., Jazayeri, Darius, Joseph, Keith, Llaro, Karim, Mestanza, Lorena, Mukherjee, Joia S., Munoz, Maribel, Palacios, Eda, Sanchez, Epifanio, Sloutsky, Alexander, and Becerra, Mercedes C.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Tuberculosis -- Risk factors, Tuberculosis -- Care and treatment, Tuberculosis -- Patient outcomes, Ambulatory medical care -- Services
Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the comprehensive treatment outcomes for patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Results indicated that extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients can be cured through outpatient treatment.

Published
2008

29. Priority-Setting for Novel Drug Regimens to Treat Tuberculosis: An Epidemiologic Model

Author

Kendall, Emily A., Shrestha, Sourya, Cohen, Ted, Nuermberger, Eric, Dooley, Kelly E., Gonzalez-Angulo, Lice, Churchyard, Gavin J., Nahid, Payam, Rich, Michael L., Bansbach, Cathy, Forissier, Thomas, Lienhardt, Christian, and Dowdy, David W.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy, Public health administration -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Novel drug regimens are needed for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. New regimens aim to improve on characteristics such as duration, efficacy, and safety profile, but no single regimen is likely to be ideal in all respects. By linking these regimen characteristics to a novel regimen's ability to reduce TB incidence and mortality, we sought to prioritize regimen characteristics from a population-level perspective. Methods and Findings We developed a dynamic transmission model of multi-strain TB epidemics in hypothetical populations reflective of the epidemiological situations in India (primary analysis), South Africa, the Philippines, and Brazil. We modeled the introduction of various novel rifampicin-susceptible (RS) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB regimens that differed on six characteristics, identified in consultation with a team of global experts: (1) efficacy, (2) duration, (3) ease of adherence, (4) medical contraindications, (5) barrier to resistance, and (6) baseline prevalence of resistance to the novel regimen. We compared scale-up of these regimens to a baseline reflective of continued standard of care. For our primary analysis situated in India, our model generated baseline TB incidence and mortality of 157 (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 113-187) and 16 (95% UR: 9-23) per 100,000 per year at the time of novel regimen introduction and RR TB incidence and mortality of 6 (95% UR: 4-10) and 0.6 (95% UR: 0.3-1.1) per 100,000 per year. An optimal RS TB regimen was projected to reduce 10-y TB incidence and mortality in the India-like scenario by 12% (95% UR: 6%-20%) and 11% (95% UR: 6%-20%), respectively, compared to current-care projections. An optimal RR TB regimen reduced RR TB incidence by an estimated 32% (95% UR: 18%-46%) and RR TB mortality by 30% (95% UR: 18%-44%). Efficacy was the greatest determinant of impact; compared to a novel regimen meeting all minimal targets only, increasing RS TB treatment efficacy from 94% to 99% reduced TB mortality by 6% (95% UR: 1%-13%, half the impact of a fully optimized regimen), and increasing the efficacy against RR TB from 76% to 94% lowered RR TB mortality by 13% (95% UR: 6%-23%). Reducing treatment duration or improving ease of adherence had smaller but still substantial impact: shortening RS TB treatment duration from 6 to 2 mo lowered TB mortality by 3% (95% UR: 1%-6%), and shortening RR TB treatment from 20 to 6 mo reduced RR TB mortality by 8% (95% UR: 4%-13%), while reducing nonadherence to the corresponding regimens by 50% reduced TB and RR TB mortality by 2% (95% UR: 1%-4%) and 6% (95% UR: 3%-10%), respectively. Limitations include sparse data on key model parameters and necessary simplifications to model structure and outcomes. Conclusions In designing clinical trials of novel TB regimens, investigators should consider that even small changes in treatment efficacy may have considerable impact on TB-related incidence and mortality. Other regimen improvements may still have important benefits for resource allocation and outcomes such as patient quality of life., Author(s): Emily A. Kendall 1,*, Sourya Shrestha 2, Ted Cohen 3, Eric Nuermberger 1, Kelly E. Dooley 1,4, Lice Gonzalez-Angulo 5, Gavin J. Churchyard 6, Payam Nahid 7, Michael L. [...]

Published
2017
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30. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management in resource-limited settings

Author

Nathanson, Eva, Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, Catharina, Rich, Michael L., Gupta, Rajesh, Bayona, Jaime, Blondal, Kai, Caminero, Jose A., Cegielski, J. Peter, Danilovits, Manfred, Espinal, Marcos A., Hollo, Vahur, Jaramillo, Ernesto, Leimane, Vaira, Mitnick, Carole D., Mukherjee, Joia S., Nunn, Paul, Pasechnikov, Alexander, Tupasi, Thelma, Wells, Charles, and Raviglione, Marie C.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Causes of, Tuberculosis -- Care and treatment, Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy
Abstract

Evidence of successful management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is mainly generated from referral hospitals in high-income countries. We evaluate the management of MDRTB in 5 resource-limited countries: Estonia, Latvia, Peru, [...]

Published
2006

31. Should we make crime impossible?

Author

Rich, Michael L.

Subjects
Privacy, Right of -- Laws, regulations and rules, Ignition interlock devices -- Usage, Drunk driving -- Prevention, Government regulation, Law, Political science
Abstract

III. SHOULD WE MAKE DRUNK DRIVING IMPOSSIBLE? In 2008, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began a five-year, $10 million joint program with the auto industry with the goal [...]

Published
2013

32. Lessons of disloyalty in the world of criminal informants

Author

Rich, Michael L.

Subjects
Informers -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Ethical aspects, Whistle blowing -- Laws, regulations and rules, Loyalty -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Evaluation, Government regulation, Law
Abstract

ABSTRACT Without informants, policing would grind to a halt. The majority of drug and organized crime prosecutions hinge on the assistance of confidential informants, and white collar prosecutions and anti-terrorism [...]

Published
2012

36. Reduced paediatric hospitalizations for malaria and febrile illness patterns following implementation of community-based malaria control programme in rural Rwanda

Author

Bucyibaruta Blaise J, Franke Molly F, Musafiri Placide, Lewey Jenifer, Sievers Amy C, Stulac Sara N, Rich Michael L, Karema Corine, and Daily Johanna P

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Malaria control is currently receiving significant international commitment. As part of this commitment, Rwanda has undertaken a two-pronged approach to combating malaria via mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal-treated nets and distribution of antimalarial medications by community health workers. This study attempted to measure the impact of these interventions on paediatric hospitalizations for malaria and on laboratory markers of disease severity. Methods A retrospective analysis of hospital records pre- and post-community-based malaria control interventions at a district hospital in rural Rwanda was performed. The interventions took place in August 2006 in the region served by the hospital and consisted of mass insecticide treated net distribution and community health workers antimalarial medication disbursement. The study periods consisted of the December–February high transmission seasons pre- and post-rollout. The record review examined a total of 551 paediatric admissions to identify 1) laboratory-confirmed malaria, defined by thick smear examination, 2) suspected malaria, defined as fever and symptoms consistent with malaria in the absence of an alternate cause, and 3) all-cause admissions. To define the impact of the intervention on clinical markers of malaria disease, trends in admission peripheral parasitaemia and haemoglobin were analyzed. To define accuracy of clinical diagnoses, trends in proportions of malaria admissions which were microscopy-confirmed before and after the intervention were examined. Finally, to assess overall management of febrile illnesses antibiotic use was described. Results Of the 551 total admissions, 268 (48.6%) and 437 (79.3%) were attributable to laboratory-confirmed and suspected malaria, respectively. The absolute number of admissions due to suspected malaria was smaller during the post-intervention period (N = 150) relative to the pre-intervention period (N = 287), in spite of an increase in the absolute number of hospitalizations due to other causes during the post-intervention period. The percentage of suspected malaria admissions that were laboratory-confirmed was greater during the pre-intervention period (80.4%) relative to the post-intervention period (48.1%, prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.39 – 2.02; chi-squared p-value < 0.0001). Among children admitted with laboratory-confirmed malaria, the risk of high parasitaemia was higher during the pre-intervention period relative to the post-intervention period (age-adjusted PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.11 – 2.38; chi-squared p-value = 0.004), and the risk of severe anaemia was more than twofold greater during the pre-intervention period (age-adjusted PR: 2.47; 95% CI: 0.84 – 7.24; chi-squared p-value = 0.08). Antibiotic use was common, with 70.7% of all children with clinical malaria and 86.4% of children with slide-negative malaria receiving antibacterial therapy. Conclusion This study suggests that both admissions for malaria and laboratory markers of clinical disease among children may be rapidly reduced following community-based malaria control efforts. Additionally, this study highlights the problem of over-diagnosis and over-treatment of malaria in malaria-endemic regions, especially as malaria prevalence falls. More accurate diagnosis and management of febrile illnesses is critically needed both now and as fever aetiologies change with further reductions in malaria.

Published
2008
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37. Shortened multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in settings with a high prevalence of ofloxacin resistance: Ofloxacin resistance and shortened MDR-TB treatment

Author

Guglielmetti, Lorenzo, Varaine, Francis, Huerga, Helena, Bonnet, Maryline, Rich, Michael L., Mitnick, Carole, Team E13 - Bactériologie, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Médecins Sans Frontières (Médecins Sans Frontières), Médecins Sans Frontières, Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2017

38. Early changes in intervention coverage and mortality rates following the implementation of an integrated health system intervention in Madagascar

Author

Garchitorena, Andres, primary, Miller, Ann C, additional, Cordier, Laura F, additional, Rabeza, Victor R, additional, Randriamanambintsoa, Marius, additional, Razanadrakato, Hery-Tiana R, additional, Hall, Lara, additional, Gikic, Djordje, additional, Haruna, Justin, additional, McCarty, Meg, additional, Randrianambinina, Andriamihaja, additional, Thomson, Dana R, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Rich, Michael L, additional, Murray, Megan B, additional, Ratsirarson, Josea, additional, Ouenzar, Mohammed Ali, additional, and Bonds, Matthew H, additional

Published
2018
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39. Impact of a health system strengthening intervention on maternal and child health outputs and outcomes in rural Rwanda 2005–2010

Author

Thomson, Dana R, primary, Amoroso, Cheryl, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Bonds, Matthew H, additional, Rwabukwisi, Felix Cyamatare, additional, Drobac, Peter, additional, Finnegan, Karen E, additional, Farmer, Didi Bertrand, additional, Farmer, Paul E, additional, Habinshuti, Antoinette, additional, Hirschhorn, Lisa R, additional, Manzi, Anatole, additional, Niyigena, Peter, additional, Rich, Michael L, additional, Stulac, Sara, additional, Murray, Megan B, additional, and Binagwaho, Agnes, additional

Published
2018
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41. Catching up to a fast-moving target: Evaluation of a health system strengthening intervention in rural Rwanda 2005-2010 using data from repeated cross-sectional surveys

Author

Thomson, Dana R., primary, Amoroso, Cheryl, additional, Atwood, Sidney, additional, Bonds, Matthew H., additional, Rwabukwisi, Felix Cyamatare, additional, Drobac, Peter, additional, Finnegan, Karen E., additional, Farmer, Didi Bertrand, additional, Farmer, Paul E., additional, Habinshuti, Antoinette, additional, Hirschhorn, Lisa R., additional, Manzi, Anatole, additional, Niyigena, Peter, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Stulac, Sara, additional, Murray, Megan, additional, and Binagwaho, Agnes, additional

Published
2017
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42. Baseline population health conditions ahead of a health system strengthening program in rural Madagascar

Author

Miller, Ann C., primary, Ramananjato, Ranto H., additional, Garchitorena, Andres, additional, Rabeza, Victor R., additional, Gikic, Djordje, additional, Cripps, Amber, additional, Cordier, Laura, additional, Rahaniraka Razanadrakato, Hery-Tiana, additional, Randriamanambintsoa, Marius, additional, Hall, Lara, additional, Murray, Megan, additional, Safara Razanavololo, Felicite, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, and Bonds, Matthew H., additional

Published
2017
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45. Motivations and Constraints to Family Planning: A Qualitative Study in Rwanda’s Southern Kayonza District

Author

Farmer, Didi Bertrand, primary, Berman, Leslie, additional, Ryan, Grace, additional, Habumugisha, Lameck, additional, Basinga, Paulin, additional, Nutt, Cameron, additional, Kamali, Francois, additional, Ngizwenayo, Elias, additional, Fleur, Jacklin St, additional, Niyigena, Peter, additional, Ngabo, Fidele, additional, Farmer, Paul E, additional, and Rich, Michael L, additional

Published
2015
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47. Data for Program Management: An Accuracy Assessment of Data Collected in Household Registers by Community Health Workers in Southern Kayonza, Rwanda

Author

Mitsunaga, Tisha, primary, Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L., additional, Ngizwenayo, Elias, additional, Farmer, Didi Bertrand, additional, Gaju, Erick, additional, Drobac, Peter, additional, Basinga, Paulin, additional, Hirschhorn, Lisa, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Winch, Peter J., additional, Ngabo, Fidele, additional, and Mugeni, Cathy, additional

Published
2014
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49. The Perfect Non-Crime

Author

Rich, Michael L.

Subjects
Traffic safety -- Political aspects, Transportation policy -- Analysis, Automobile drivers -- Investigations -- Alcohol use, Drunk driving -- Prevention, Company legal issue, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Greensboro, N.C. EVEN if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should we? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom? This may sound like [...]

Published
2012

50. A Simplified Echocardiographic Strategy for Heart Failure Diagnosis and Management Within an Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Clinic at District Hospital Level for Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Kwan, Gene F., primary, Bukhman, Alice K., additional, Miller, Ann C., additional, Ngoga, Gedeon, additional, Mucumbitsi, Joseph, additional, Bavuma, Charlotte, additional, Dusabeyezu, Symaque, additional, Rich, Michael L., additional, Mutabazi, Francis, additional, Mutumbira, Cadet, additional, Ngiruwera, Jean Paul, additional, Amoroso, Cheryl, additional, Ball, Ellen, additional, Fraser, Hamish S., additional, Hirschhorn, Lisa R., additional, Farmer, Paul, additional, Rusingiza, Emmanuel, additional, and Bukhman, Gene, additional

Published
2013
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