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Il saggio esplora le relazioni storiche e teoriche tra costituzionalismo e democrazia, evidenziando la condizione attuale in cui la democrazia è limitata dalla moltiplicazione di procedure giuridiche e dalla struttura sempre più complessa del diritto.

Il saggio ripercorre il pensiero di Vittorio Frosini dalla sua formazione tardoidealistica all'interesse mostrato per gli aspetti giuridici della società tecnologica.

El Estado constitucional no puede no ser un Estado democrático. ¿En qué medida, entonces, la actual crisis de la democracia es también una crisis del Estado democrático de Derecho? La respuesta que se sugiere en el presente ensayo constata una de las razones de la crisis actual de la democracia en la adopción general de la forma político-jurídica del Estado constitucional de Derecho caracterizado por una hipertrofia de las modalidades “jurídicas” de gestión de las relaciones sociales y de adopción de las decisiones políticas. La democracia corre el riesgo de encontrarse enjaulada en inmensos y oscuros complejos de disposiciones normativas de todo orden y grado, que impiden la participación de los ciudadanos ordinarios y reservan la cosa pública a la especialización de unos pocos técnicos. The constitutional State is necessarily a democratic state. To what extent, then, the current crisis of democracy is also a crisis of the democratic rule of law? The answer suggested in this essay considers as one of the reasons for the current crisis of democracy the general adoption of the political-legal form of the Constitutional State, characterized by a hypertrophy of the “legal” forms of management of the social relations and political decision-making. Democracy runs the risk of being caged in immense and obscure sets of normative dispositions of every order and degree, hindering the participation of ordinary citizens and reserving public affairs to the expertise of a few technicians.

La critica mossa da quattro giuristi italiani - Emilio Betti, Costantino Mortati, Bruno Leoni e Alessandro Giuliani - alla Dottrina pura del diritto di Hans Kelsen, soprattutto sul concetto di obbligo giuridico, sulla pretesa di "purezza" della scienza del diritto e sulla struttura dell'ordinamento giuridico, offre un materiale altamente significativo per comprendere l'impatto del pensiero kelseniano sulla cultura giuridica novecentesca italiana e europea e per riflettere sulla attualità dei suoi assunti

El Estado constitucional no puede no ser un Estado democrático. ¿En qué medida, entonces, la actual crisis de la democracia es también una crisis del Estado democrático de Derecho? La respuesta que se sugiere en el presente ensayo constata una de las razones de la crisis actual de la democracia en la adopción general de la forma político-jurídica del Estado constitucional de Derecho caracterizado por una hipertrofia de las modalidades “jurídicas” de gestión de las relaciones sociales y de adopción de las decisiones políticas. La democracia corre el riesgo de encontrarse enjaulada en inmensos y oscuros complejos de disposiciones normativas de todo orden y grado, que impiden la participación de los ciudadanos ordinarios y reservan la cosa pública a la especialización de unos pocos técnicos. The constitutional State is necessarily a democratic state. To what extent, then, the current crisis of democracy is also a crisis of the democratic rule of law? The answer suggested in this essay considers as one of the reasons for the current crisis of democracy the general adoption of the political-legal form of the Constitutional State, characterized by a hypertrophy of the “legal” forms of management of the social relations and political decision-making. Democracy runs the risk of being caged in immense and obscure sets of normative dispositions of every order and degree, hindering the participation of ordinary citizens and reserving public affairs to the expertise of a few technicians.

Con "giustizia" si indica tanto un valore quanto una pratica. Il rapporto tra i due significati è alla base della relazione tra diritto e giustizia e accompagna lo svolgimento del pensiero giuridico dalle sue origini ai giorni nostri con soluzioni e concezioni di volta in volta diverse. Per la visione odierna del rapporto tra diritto e giustizia rimane costitutiva la cesura operata alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale con l'adozione del modello dello Stato costituzionale di diritto

Il paradigma teorico-dottrinale dello Stato costituzionale di diritto è esaminato, nella sua contrapposizione al modello giuspositivistico, con riguardo a tre rapporti fondamentali: democrazia e valori, diritto e valori, democrazia e diritto. Le differenze tra i due modelli mettono in risalto i pregi e i pericoli della forma dello Stato costituzionale, soprattutto nella sua tendenza a porre ogni discorso sulla democrazia in termini giuridici.

Le prime traduzioni italiane di lavori di Hans Kelsen, soprattutto su temi di filosofia e teoria politica, furono compiute sulla rivista "Nuovi studi di diritto, economia e politica" e confluirono poi in volume unite a due saggi critici di Arnaldo Volpicelli. Il volume consente di mettere a confronto in maniera precisa e puntuale le posizione democratiche di Kelsen e quelle corporativiste, svelando i fraintendimenti operati da queste e confermando il valore teorico delle precisazioni kelseniane sulla democrazia e il parlamentarismo.

This report summarizes the results of the Inter-Laboratory Comparison Exercise for the PN-PEMS equipment that took place between September 2015 and January 2016. The accuracy and precision of PN measurement with two different PN-PEMS was assessed with one selected Golden Vehicle in seven different laboratories across Europe, providing indications for drafting the third package of the RDE regulation. The differences of the PN-PEMS to the reference system at the CVS were between -40% and +40%; similar to those between the reference system at the tailpipe and the CVS. The accuracy and precision of the PN-PEMS, as estimated by comparing them with the reference system at the tailpipe were 10.4% ± 11.9% for the diffusion charger based PN-PEMS and -8.0% ±9.5% for the CPC-based PN-PEMS. The larger differences compared to the reference system at the CVS can be explained by particle transformations between the vehicle tailpipe and the CVS and calibration uncertainties of the reference systems at the CVS. On road tests showed that the PN-PEMS were stable and measuring as in the laboratory. For the tested vehicle technology, there were not significant deviations between the PN emissions measured in the laboratory and the PN emissions measured under real driving conditions at ambient temperatures between 3°C and 25°C., JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transport

JRC evaluated the feasibility of using PN-PEMS systems for Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) applications. The main evaluation phase took place between February and June 2016. One Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicle and three vehicles equipped Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction (SCR) were tested. The key conclusion of the evaluation phase is that PN-PEMS testing for HDV is feasible. However, low ambient temperatures were challenging for the instruments regarding their robustness. Re-testing of the commercial instruments in September with a DPF and SCR equipped vehicle showed that most of the issues were resolved. The PN-PEMS instruments measurement uncertainty is around 30% at the moment. Similar uncertainty (35%) was found when comparing the best performing system with the reference system at the dilution tunnel (CVS); i.e. PEMS method uncertainty., JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transport

This paper focuses on the relationship between religion and politics in Hans Kelsen's theory of law. It moves from the idea that this relationship has a central importance in understanding the Reine Rechslehre as a project and plays a crucial role in Kelsen's reflexions on democracy and moral relativism

This report presents the results of Phase II evaluation of Particle Number (PN) Portable Measurement Systems (PEMS). 8 PN-PEMS were compared with legislation compliant PN systems connected to the tailpipe and the dilution tunnel (CVS). In total 7 Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI), 3 Port Fuel Injection (PFI), 2 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) equipped vehicle, 1moped and 3 motorcycles were tested with >130 test cycles. The results confirmed the findings of Phase I: Diffusion Charging (DC) based systems are a feasible option to measure PN and thermal pre-treatment is necessary to avoid volatile artefacts. At least two of the DC based PN-PEMS showed good agreement with the reference PMP system (#1, #3). A third one (#4) also had very good behaviour, but higher scatter. The best performing PN-PEMS had differences from the reference instrument at the tailpipe within -25% and +30% with a scatter of 20%.. The differences from the reference system at the dilution tunnel were within -35% and +50% (scatter 25%) (including all technologies tested); slightly higher due to the particle transformation processes that take place between the tailpipe and the dilution tunnel, exhaust flow accuracy and time alignment. It was also shown that a well calibrated PN-PEMS can cover a wide range of engine technologies with similar differences to the reference system. Based on the experimental data new PN-PEMS efficiencies were recommended for the technical requirements. The CPC based PN-PEMS had issues (prototypes). However, one CPC based PN-PEMS, which arrived late in the program, had behaviour equivalent to the reference systems and better real time comparability with the reference systems compared to the DC based systems. Further evaluation of the system after the campaign with another 10 vehicles confirmed these findings., JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transport