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2. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, W, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, J, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, C, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, R, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, L, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, James, C, Jillings, C, Kendziora, C, Khan, S, Kim, E, King, M, King, S, Kittmer, A, Kochanek, I, Kowalkowski, J, Krucken, R, Kushoro, M, Kuula, S, Laclaustra, M, Leblond, G, Lee, L, Lennarz, A, Leyton, M, Li, X, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Lomonaco, T, Lu, P, Lubna, R, Lukhanin, G, Luzon, G, Macdonald, M, Magni, G, Maharaj, R, Manni, S, Mapelli, C, Margetak, P, Martin, L, Martin, S, Martinez, M, Massacret, N, Mcclurg, P, Mcdonald, A, Meazzi, E, Migalla, R, Mohayai, T, Tosatti, L, Monzani, G, Moretti, C, Morrison, B, Mountaniol, M, Muraro, A, Napoli, P, Nati, F, Natzke, C, Noble, A, Norrick, A, Olchanski, K, Ortiz De Solorzano, A, Padula, F, Pallavicini, M, Palumbo, I, Panontin, E, Papini, N, Parmeggiano, L, Parmeggiano, S, Patel, K, Patel, A, Paterno, M, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccione, P, Pesudo, V, Pocar, A, Pope, A, Pordes, S, Prelz, F, Putignano, O, Raaf, J, Ratti, C, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Reed, D, Refsgaard, J, Reilly, T, Renshaw, A, Retriere, F, Riccobene, E, Rigamonti, D, Rizzi, A, Rode, J, Romualdez, J, Russel, L, Sablone, D, Sala, S, Salomoni, D, Salvo, P, Sandoval, A, Sansoucy, E, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schaubel, T, Scorza, S, Settimo, M, Shaw, B, Shawyer, S, Sher, A, Shi, A, Skensved, P, Slutsky, A, Smith, B, Smith, N, Stenzler, A, Straubel, C, Stringari, P, Suchenek, M, Sur, B, Tacchino, S, Takeuchi, L, Tardocchi, M, Tartaglia, R, Thomas, E, Trask, D, Tseng, J, Tseng, L, Vanpagee, L, Vedia, V, Velghe, B, Viel, S, Visioli, A, Viviani, L, Vonica, D, Wada, M, Walter, D, Wang, H, Wang, M, Westerdale, S, Wood, D, Yates, D, Yue, S, Zambrano, V, Abba A., Accorsi C., Agnes P., Alessi E., Amaudruz P., Annovi A., Desages F. A., Back S., Badia C., Bagger J., Basile V., Batignani G., Bayo A., Bell B., Beschi M., Biagini D., Bianchi G., Bicelli S., Bishop D., Boccali T., Bombarda A., Bonfanti S., Bonivento W. M., Bouchard M., Breviario M., Brice S., Brown R., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Camozzi L., Camozzi M., Capra A., Caravati M., Carlini M., Ceccanti A., Celano B., Cela Ruiz J. M., Charette C., Cogliati G., Constable M., Crippa C., Croci G., Cudmore S., Dahl C. E., Dal Molin A., Daley M., Di Guardo C., D'Avenio G., Davignon O., Del Tutto M., De Ruiter J., Devoto A., Diaz Gomez Maqueo P., Di Francesco F., Dossi M., Druszkiewicz E., Duma C., Elliott E., Farina D., Fernandes C., Ferroni F., Finocchiaro G., Fiorillo G., Ford R., Foti G., Fournier R. D., Franco D., Fricbergs C., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Garcia Abia P., Gargantini A., Giacomelli L., Giacomini F., Giarratana L. S., Gillespie S., Giorgi D., Girma T., Gobui R., Goeldi D., Golf F., Gorel P., Gorini G., Gramellini E., Grosso G., Guescini F., Guetre E., Hackman G., Hadden T., Hawkins W., Hayashi K., Heavey A., Hersak G., Hessey N., Hockin G., Hudson K., Ianni A., Ienzi C., Ippolito V., James C. C., Jillings C., Kendziora C., Khan S., Kim E., King M., King S., Kittmer A., Kochanek I., Kowalkowski J., Krucken R., Kushoro M., Kuula S., Laclaustra M., Leblond G., Lee L., Lennarz A., Leyton M., Li X., Liimatainen P., Lim C., Lindner T., Lomonaco T., Lu P., Lubna R., Lukhanin G. A., Luzon G., Macdonald M., Magni G., Maharaj R., Manni S., Mapelli C., Margetak P., Martin L., Martin S., Martinez M., Massacret N., McClurg P., McDonald A. B., Meazzi E., Migalla R., Mohayai T., Tosatti L. M., Monzani G., Moretti C., Morrison B., Mountaniol M., Muraro A., Napoli P., Nati F., Natzke C. R., Noble A. J., Norrick A., Olchanski K., Ortiz De Solorzano A., Padula F., Pallavicini M., Palumbo I., Panontin E., Papini N., Parmeggiano L., Parmeggiano S., Patel K., Patel A., Paterno M., Pellegrino C., Pelliccione P., Pesudo V., Pocar A., Pope A., Pordes S., Prelz F., Putignano O., Raaf J. L., Ratti C., Razeti M., Razeto A., Reed D., Refsgaard J., Reilly T., Renshaw A., Retriere F., Riccobene E., Rigamonti D., Rizzi A., Rode J., Romualdez J., Russel L., Sablone D., Sala S., Salomoni D., Salvo P., Sandoval A., Sansoucy E., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schaubel T., Scorza S., Settimo M., Shaw B., Shawyer S., Sher A., Shi A., Skensved P., Slutsky A., Smith B., Smith N. J. T., Stenzler A., Straubel C., Stringari P., Suchenek M., Sur B., Tacchino S., Takeuchi L., Tardocchi M., Tartaglia R., Thomas E., Trask D., Tseng J., Tseng L., Vanpagee L., Vedia V., Velghe B., Viel S., Visioli A., Viviani L., Vonica D., Wada M., Walter D., Wang H., Wang M. H. L. S., Westerdale S., Wood D., Yates D., Yue S., Zambrano V., Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, W, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, J, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, C, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, R, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, L, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, James, C, Jillings, C, Kendziora, C, Khan, S, Kim, E, King, M, King, S, Kittmer, A, Kochanek, I, Kowalkowski, J, Krucken, R, Kushoro, M, Kuula, S, Laclaustra, M, Leblond, G, Lee, L, Lennarz, A, Leyton, M, Li, X, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Lomonaco, T, Lu, P, Lubna, R, Lukhanin, G, Luzon, G, Macdonald, M, Magni, G, Maharaj, R, Manni, S, Mapelli, C, Margetak, P, Martin, L, Martin, S, Martinez, M, Massacret, N, Mcclurg, P, Mcdonald, A, Meazzi, E, Migalla, R, Mohayai, T, Tosatti, L, Monzani, G, Moretti, C, Morrison, B, Mountaniol, M, Muraro, A, Napoli, P, Nati, F, Natzke, C, Noble, A, Norrick, A, Olchanski, K, Ortiz De Solorzano, A, Padula, F, Pallavicini, M, Palumbo, I, Panontin, E, Papini, N, Parmeggiano, L, Parmeggiano, S, Patel, K, Patel, A, Paterno, M, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccione, P, Pesudo, V, Pocar, A, Pope, A, Pordes, S, Prelz, F, Putignano, O, Raaf, J, Ratti, C, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Reed, D, Refsgaard, J, Reilly, T, Renshaw, A, Retriere, F, Riccobene, E, Rigamonti, D, Rizzi, A, Rode, J, Romualdez, J, Russel, L, Sablone, D, Sala, S, Salomoni, D, Salvo, P, Sandoval, A, Sansoucy, E, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schaubel, T, Scorza, S, Settimo, M, Shaw, B, Shawyer, S, Sher, A, Shi, A, Skensved, P, Slutsky, A, Smith, B, Smith, N, Stenzler, A, Straubel, C, Stringari, P, Suchenek, M, Sur, B, Tacchino, S, Takeuchi, L, Tardocchi, M, Tartaglia, R, Thomas, E, Trask, D, Tseng, J, Tseng, L, Vanpagee, L, Vedia, V, Velghe, B, Viel, S, Visioli, A, Viviani, L, Vonica, D, Wada, M, Walter, D, Wang, H, Wang, M, Westerdale, S, Wood, D, Yates, D, Yue, S, Zambrano, V, Abba A., Accorsi C., Agnes P., Alessi E., Amaudruz P., Annovi A., Desages F. A., Back S., Badia C., Bagger J., Basile V., Batignani G., Bayo A., Bell B., Beschi M., Biagini D., Bianchi G., Bicelli S., Bishop D., Boccali T., Bombarda A., Bonfanti S., Bonivento W. M., Bouchard M., Breviario M., Brice S., Brown R., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Camozzi L., Camozzi M., Capra A., Caravati M., Carlini M., Ceccanti A., Celano B., Cela Ruiz J. M., Charette C., Cogliati G., Constable M., Crippa C., Croci G., Cudmore S., Dahl C. E., Dal Molin A., Daley M., Di Guardo C., D'Avenio G., Davignon O., Del Tutto M., De Ruiter J., Devoto A., Diaz Gomez Maqueo P., Di Francesco F., Dossi M., Druszkiewicz E., Duma C., Elliott E., Farina D., Fernandes C., Ferroni F., Finocchiaro G., Fiorillo G., Ford R., Foti G., Fournier R. D., Franco D., Fricbergs C., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Garcia Abia P., Gargantini A., Giacomelli L., Giacomini F., Giarratana L. S., Gillespie S., Giorgi D., Girma T., Gobui R., Goeldi D., Golf F., Gorel P., Gorini G., Gramellini E., Grosso G., Guescini F., Guetre E., Hackman G., Hadden T., Hawkins W., Hayashi K., Heavey A., Hersak G., Hessey N., Hockin G., Hudson K., Ianni A., Ienzi C., Ippolito V., James C. C., Jillings C., Kendziora C., Khan S., Kim E., King M., King S., Kittmer A., Kochanek I., Kowalkowski J., Krucken R., Kushoro M., Kuula S., Laclaustra M., Leblond G., Lee L., Lennarz A., Leyton M., Li X., Liimatainen P., Lim C., Lindner T., Lomonaco T., Lu P., Lubna R., Lukhanin G. A., Luzon G., Macdonald M., Magni G., Maharaj R., Manni S., Mapelli C., Margetak P., Martin L., Martin S., Martinez M., Massacret N., McClurg P., McDonald A. B., Meazzi E., Migalla R., Mohayai T., Tosatti L. M., Monzani G., Moretti C., Morrison B., Mountaniol M., Muraro A., Napoli P., Nati F., Natzke C. R., Noble A. J., Norrick A., Olchanski K., Ortiz De Solorzano A., Padula F., Pallavicini M., Palumbo I., Panontin E., Papini N., Parmeggiano L., Parmeggiano S., Patel K., Patel A., Paterno M., Pellegrino C., Pelliccione P., Pesudo V., Pocar A., Pope A., Pordes S., Prelz F., Putignano O., Raaf J. L., Ratti C., Razeti M., Razeto A., Reed D., Refsgaard J., Reilly T., Renshaw A., Retriere F., Riccobene E., Rigamonti D., Rizzi A., Rode J., Romualdez J., Russel L., Sablone D., Sala S., Salomoni D., Salvo P., Sandoval A., Sansoucy E., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schaubel T., Scorza S., Settimo M., Shaw B., Shawyer S., Sher A., Shi A., Skensved P., Slutsky A., Smith B., Smith N. J. T., Stenzler A., Straubel C., Stringari P., Suchenek M., Sur B., Tacchino S., Takeuchi L., Tardocchi M., Tartaglia R., Thomas E., Trask D., Tseng J., Tseng L., Vanpagee L., Vedia V., Velghe B., Viel S., Visioli A., Viviani L., Vonica D., Wada M., Walter D., Wang H., Wang M. H. L. S., Westerdale S., Wood D., Yates D., Yue S., and Zambrano V.

Abstract

This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.

Published
2021

5. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Abba, A., primary, Accorsi, C., additional, Agnes, P., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Amaudruz, P., additional, Annovi, A., additional, Desages, F. Ardellier, additional, Back, S., additional, Badia, C., additional, Bagger, J., additional, Basile, V., additional, Batignani, G., additional, Bayo, A., additional, Bell, B., additional, Beschi, M., additional, Biagini, D., additional, Bianchi, G., additional, Bicelli, S., additional, Bishop, D., additional, Boccali, T., additional, Bombarda, A., additional, Bonfanti, S., additional, Bonivento, W. M., additional, Bouchard, M., additional, Breviario, M., additional, Brice, S., additional, Brown, R., additional, Calvo-Mozota, J. M., additional, Camozzi, L., additional, Camozzi, M., additional, Capra, A., additional, Caravati, M., additional, Carlini, M., additional, Ceccanti, A., additional, Celano, B., additional, Cela Ruiz, J. M., additional, Charette, C., additional, Cogliati, G., additional, Constable, M., additional, Crippa, C., additional, Croci, G., additional, Cudmore, S., additional, Dahl, C. E., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, Daley, M., additional, Di Guardo, C., additional, D'Avenio, G., additional, Davignon, O., additional, Del Tutto, M., additional, De Ruiter, J., additional, Devoto, A., additional, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P., additional, Di Francesco, F., additional, Dossi, M., additional, Druszkiewicz, E., additional, Duma, C., additional, Elliott, E., additional, Farina, D., additional, Fernandes, C., additional, Ferroni, F., additional, Finocchiaro, G., additional, Fiorillo, G., additional, Ford, R., additional, Foti, G., additional, Fournier, R. D., additional, Franco, D., additional, Fricbergs, C., additional, Gabriele, F., additional, Galbiati, C., additional, Garcia Abia, P., additional, Gargantini, A., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Giacomini, F., additional, Giarratana, L. S., additional, Gillespie, S., additional, Giorgi, D., additional, Girma, T., additional, Gobui, R., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Golf, F., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Gramellini, E., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Guescini, F., additional, Guetre, E., additional, Hackman, G., additional, Hadden, T., additional, Hawkins, W., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Heavey, A., additional, Hersak, G., additional, Hessey, N., additional, Hockin, G., additional, Hudson, K., additional, Ianni, A., additional, Ienzi, C., additional, Ippolito, V., additional, James, C. C., additional, Jillings, C., additional, Kendziora, C., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kim, E., additional, King, M., additional, King, S., additional, Kittmer, A., additional, Kochanek, I., additional, Kowalkowski, J., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kushoro, M., additional, Kuula, S., additional, Laclaustra, M., additional, Leblond, G., additional, Lee, L., additional, Lennarz, A., additional, Leyton, M., additional, Li, X., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Lim, C., additional, Lindner, T., additional, Lomonaco, T., additional, Lu, P., additional, Lubna, R., additional, Lukhanin, G. A., additional, Luzón, G., additional, MacDonald, M., additional, Magni, G., additional, Maharaj, R., additional, Manni, S., additional, Mapelli, C., additional, Margetak, P., additional, Martin, L., additional, Martin, S., additional, Martínez, M., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McClurg, P., additional, McDonald, A. B., additional, Meazzi, E., additional, Migalla, R., additional, Mohayai, T., additional, Tosatti, L. M., additional, Monzani, G., additional, Moretti, C., additional, Morrison, B., additional, Mountaniol, M., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Napoli, P., additional, Nati, F., additional, Natzke, C. R., additional, Noble, A. J., additional, Norrick, A., additional, Olchanski, K., additional, Ortiz de Solorzano, A., additional, Padula, F., additional, Pallavicini, M., additional, Palumbo, I., additional, Panontin, E., additional, Papini, N., additional, Parmeggiano, L., additional, Parmeggiano, S., additional, Patel, K., additional, Patel, A., additional, Paterno, M., additional, Pellegrino, C., additional, Pelliccione, P., additional, Pesudo, V., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pope, A., additional, Pordes, S., additional, Prelz, F., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Raaf, J. L., additional, Ratti, C., additional, Razeti, M., additional, Razeto, A., additional, Reed, D., additional, Refsgaard, J., additional, Reilly, T., additional, Renshaw, A., additional, Retriere, F., additional, Riccobene, E., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Rizzi, A., additional, Rode, J., additional, Romualdez, J., additional, Russel, L., additional, Sablone, D., additional, Sala, S., additional, Salomoni, D., additional, Salvo, P., additional, Sandoval, A., additional, Sansoucy, E., additional, Santorelli, R., additional, Savarese, C., additional, Scapparone, E., additional, Schaubel, T., additional, Scorza, S., additional, Settimo, M., additional, Shaw, B., additional, Shawyer, S., additional, Sher, A., additional, Shi, A., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Slutsky, A., additional, Smith, B., additional, Smith, N. J. T., additional, Stenzler, A., additional, Straubel, C., additional, Stringari, P., additional, Suchenek, M., additional, Sur, B., additional, Tacchino, S., additional, Takeuchi, L., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Tartaglia, R., additional, Thomas, E., additional, Trask, D., additional, Tseng, J., additional, Tseng, L., additional, VanPagee, L., additional, Vedia, V., additional, Velghe, B., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visioli, A., additional, Viviani, L., additional, Vonica, D., additional, Wada, M., additional, Walter, D., additional, Wang, H., additional, Wang, M. H. L. S., additional, Westerdale, S., additional, Wood, D., additional, Yates, D., additional, Yue, S., additional, and Zambrano, V., additional

Published
2021
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10. A Metamodel-based Language and a Simulation Engine for Abstract State Machines

Author

Gargantini, A., Riccobene, E., and Patrizia SCANDURRA

Subjects
ASM language, ASM simulator, Abstract State Machines, metamodelling, model-driven engineering, Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni
Abstract

In this paper, we present a concrete textual notation, called AsmetaL, and a general-purpose simulation engine, called AsmetaS, for Abstract State Machine (ASM) specifications. They have been developed as part of the ASMETA (ASMs mETAmodelling) toolset, which is a set of tools for ASMs based on the metamodelling approach of the Model-driven Engineering. We briefly present the ASMETA framework, and we discuss how the language and the simulator have been developed exploiting the advantages offered by the metamodelling approach. We introduce the language AsmetaL used to write ASM specifications, and we provide the AsmetaL encoding of ASM specifications of increasing complexity. We explain the AsmetaS architecture, its kernel engine, and how the simulator works within the ASMETA tool set. We discuss the features currently supported by the simulator and how it has been validated.

Published
2008

36. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

M. Tardocchi, P. Lu, Silvia Bonfanti, C. Fricbergs, J. M. Cela Ruiz, M. Del Tutto, R. Brown, D. Salomoni, C. Jillings, A. Visioli, A. Abba, B. Smith, P. Stringari, Valerio Ippolito, K. Olchanski, S. Yue, A. Razeto, L. Parmeggiano, M. Beschi, I. Palumbo, C. C. James, M. Daley, Andrea Bombarda, Eugenio Scapparone, T. Boccali, D. Vonica, G. Luzón, E. Panontin, Nigel Hessey, E. Elliott, O. Putignano, R. Maharaj, M. H. L. S. Wang, M. Laclaustra, A. Sher, E. Gramellini, P. Napoli, S. Parmeggiano, E. Meazzi, S. Sala, A. Muraro, T. Girma, D. Trask, A. Lennarz, F. Golf, G. Magni, C. Di Guardo, A. S. Slutsky, C. Lim, B. Shaw, C. Duma, V. Pesudo, S. Gillespie, A. Devoto, E. Guetre, L. Camozzi, B. Bell, C. E. Dahl, M. Dossi, E. Alessi, M. MacDonald, A. J. Noble, F. Ardellier Desages, O. Davignon, B. Morrison, R. D. Fournier, Alberto Annovi, S. Kuula, Elvinia Riccobene, A. Rizzi, G. Hersak, J. Bagger, S. Brice, S. Khan, L. VanPagee, P. Salvo, R. Lubna, A. Bayo, M. Bouchard, J. Romualdez, G. Bianchi, H. Wang, S. Bicelli, T. A. Mohayai, A. Dal Molin, M. Breviario, C. Ienzi, M. Carlini, K. Hayashi, G. Monzani, G. A. Lukhanin, R. J. Ford, D. Yates, B. Velghe, G. Finocchiaro, C. Charette, M.H. Kushoro, E. Sansoucy, D. Reed, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, A. Pocar, S. Scorza, M. Camozzi, T. Reilly, C. Crippa, S. Pordes, F. Padula, S. Westerdale, C. Straubel, P. Garcia Abia, A. Shi, D. Giorgi, A. Capra, S. Shawyer, S. Martin, F. Prelz, S. Back, D. Sablone, L. Takeuchi, D. Franco, L. Martin, An. Ianni, L. Tseng, P. McClurg, M. I. Martínez, D. Wood, A. Norrick, C. Pellegrino, J. Tseng, C. Ratti, M. Constable, V. Vedia, L. M. Tosatti, L. S. Giarratana, G. Fiorillo, M. Razeti, A. Patel, C. R. Natzke, S. Manni, M. Wada, S. Tacchino, M. Paterno, P. Gorel, P. Diaz Gomez Maqueo, N. Massacret, S. Cudmore, Marco Pallavicini, A. Heavey, Gabriele Croci, E. Kim, B. Celano, G. Batignani, E. Druszkiewicz, A. L. Renshaw, L. Giacomelli, D. Walter, S. Viel, Angelo Gargantini, D. Goeldi, P. Liimatainen, N. J. T. Smith, T. Schaubel, G. Cogliati, G. Foti, C. Mapelli, F. Retriere, Giuseppe Gorini, K. Patel, R. Tartaglia, N. Papini, M. Settimo, P. Pelliccione, P. Skensved, M. Leyton, V. Basile, A. Kittmer, G. D'Avenio, D. Rigamonti, R. Krücken, F. Guescini, F. Giacomini, E. Thomas, K. Hudson, Claudio Moretti, R. Santorelli, G. Hackman, R. Gobui, L. Viviani, C. Savarese, I. Kochanek, R. Migalla, J. Rode, F. Gabriele, D. Farina, F. Ferroni, F. Di Francesco, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, M. Suchenek, G. Hockin, J. Refsgaard, J. Kowalkowski, A. Pope, T. Lomonaco, S. King, Bhaskar Sur, C. L. Kendziora, M. Caravati, A. Ceccanti, W. Hawkins, W. Bonivento, C. Fernandes, G. Leblond, M. Mountaniol, A. B. McDonald, C. Accorsi, A. Stenzler, Federico Nati, V. Zambrano, D. Bishop, M. King, A. Sandoval, X. Li, P. Margetak, P. Agnes, J. L. Raaf, J. De Ruiter, Cristiano Galbiati, Giovanni Grosso, L. Lee, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, T. Hadden, T. Lindner, D. Biagini, L. Russel, C. Badia, Abba, A., Accorsi, C., Agnes, P., Alessi, E., Amaudruz, P., Annovi, A., Desages, F. A., Back, S., Badia, C., Bagger, J., Basile, V., Batignani, G., Bayo, A., Bell, B., Beschi, M., Biagini, D., Bianchi, G., Bicelli, S., Bishop, D., Boccali, T., Bombarda, A., Bonfanti, S., Bonivento, W. M., Bouchard, M., Breviario, M., Brice, S., Brown, R., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camozzi, L., Camozzi, M., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Carlini, M., Ceccanti, A., Celano, B., Cela Ruiz, J. M., Charette, C., Cogliati, G., Constable, M., Crippa, C., Croci, G., Cudmore, S., Dahl, C. E., Dal Molin, A., Daley, M., Di Guardo, C., D'Avenio, G., Davignon, O., Del Tutto, M., De Ruiter, J., Devoto, A., Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P., Di Francesco, F., Dossi, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Duma, C., Elliott, E., Farina, D., Fernandes, C., Ferroni, F., Finocchiaro, G., Fiorillo, G., Ford, R., Foti, G., Fournier, R. D., Franco, D., Fricbergs, C., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Garcia Abia, P., Gargantini, A., Giacomelli, L., Giacomini, F., Giarratana, L. S., Gillespie, S., Giorgi, D., Girma, T., Gobui, R., Goeldi, D., Golf, F., Gorel, P., Gorini, G., Gramellini, E., Grosso, G., Guescini, F., Guetre, E., Hackman, G., Hadden, T., Hawkins, W., Hayashi, K., Heavey, A., Hersak, G., Hessey, N., Hockin, G., Hudson, K., Ianni, A., Ienzi, C., Ippolito, V., James, C. C., Jillings, C., Kendziora, C., Khan, S., Kim, E., King, M., King, S., Kittmer, A., Kochanek, I., Kowalkowski, J., Krucken, R., Kushoro, M., Kuula, S., Laclaustra, M., Leblond, G., Lee, L., Lennarz, A., Leyton, M., Li, X., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Lomonaco, T., Lu, P., Lubna, R., Lukhanin, G. A., Luzon, G., Macdonald, M., Magni, G., Maharaj, R., Manni, S., Mapelli, C., Margetak, P., Martin, L., Martin, S., Martinez, M., Massacret, N., Mcclurg, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Meazzi, E., Migalla, R., Mohayai, T., Tosatti, L. M., Monzani, G., Moretti, C., Morrison, B., Mountaniol, M., Muraro, A., Napoli, P., Nati, F., Natzke, C. R., Noble, A. J., Norrick, A., Olchanski, K., Ortiz De Solorzano, A., Padula, F., Pallavicini, M., Palumbo, I., Panontin, E., Papini, N., Parmeggiano, L., Parmeggiano, S., Patel, K., Patel, A., Paterno, M., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccione, P., Pesudo, V., Pocar, A., Pope, A., Pordes, S., Prelz, F., Putignano, O., Raaf, J. L., Ratti, C., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Reed, D., Refsgaard, J., Reilly, T., Renshaw, A., Retriere, F., Riccobene, E., Rigamonti, D., Rizzi, A., Rode, J., Romualdez, J., Russel, L., Sablone, D., Sala, S., Salomoni, D., Salvo, P., Sandoval, A., Sansoucy, E., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schaubel, T., Scorza, S., Settimo, M., Shaw, B., Shawyer, S., Sher, A., Shi, A., Skensved, P., Slutsky, A., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Stenzler, A., Straubel, C., Stringari, P., Suchenek, M., Sur, B., Tacchino, S., Takeuchi, L., Tardocchi, M., Tartaglia, R., Thomas, E., Trask, D., Tseng, J., Tseng, L., Vanpagee, L., Vedia, V., Velghe, B., Viel, S., Visioli, A., Viviani, L., Vonica, D., Wada, M., Walter, D., Wang, H., Wang, M. H. L. S., Westerdale, S., Wood, D., Yates, D., Yue, S., Zambrano, V., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École des Mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, W, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, J, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, C, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, R, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, L, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, James, C, Jillings, C, Kendziora, C, Khan, S, Kim, E, King, M, King, S, Kittmer, A, Kochanek, I, Kowalkowski, J, Krucken, R, Kushoro, M, Kuula, S, Laclaustra, M, Leblond, G, Lee, L, Lennarz, A, Leyton, M, Li, X, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Lomonaco, T, Lu, P, Lubna, R, Lukhanin, G, Luzon, G, Macdonald, M, Magni, G, Maharaj, R, Manni, S, Mapelli, C, Margetak, P, Martin, L, Martin, S, Martinez, M, Massacret, N, Mcclurg, P, Mcdonald, A, Meazzi, E, Migalla, R, Mohayai, T, Tosatti, L, Monzani, G, Moretti, C, Morrison, B, Mountaniol, M, Muraro, A, Napoli, P, Nati, F, Natzke, C, Noble, A, Norrick, A, Olchanski, K, Ortiz De Solorzano, A, Padula, F, Pallavicini, M, Palumbo, I, Panontin, E, Papini, N, Parmeggiano, L, Parmeggiano, S, Patel, K, Patel, A, Paterno, M, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccione, P, Pesudo, V, Pocar, A, Pope, A, Pordes, S, Prelz, F, Putignano, O, Raaf, J, Ratti, C, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Reed, D, Refsgaard, J, Reilly, T, Renshaw, A, Retriere, F, Riccobene, E, Rigamonti, D, Rizzi, A, Rode, J, Romualdez, J, Russel, L, Sablone, D, Sala, S, Salomoni, D, Salvo, P, Sandoval, A, Sansoucy, E, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schaubel, T, Scorza, S, Settimo, M, Shaw, B, Shawyer, S, Sher, A, Shi, A, Skensved, P, Slutsky, A, Smith, B, Smith, N, Stenzler, A, Straubel, C, Stringari, P, Suchenek, M, Sur, B, Tacchino, S, Takeuchi, L, Tardocchi, M, Tartaglia, R, Thomas, E, Trask, D, Tseng, J, Tseng, L, Vanpagee, L, Vedia, V, Velghe, B, Viel, S, Visioli, A, Viviani, L, Vonica, D, Wada, M, Walter, D, Wang, H, Wang, M, Westerdale, S, Wood, D, Yates, D, Yue, S, and Zambrano, V

Subjects
ventilator, Emergency Use Authorization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Fault conditions, Computational Mechanics, Certification, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Mechanical parts, Food and drug administration, Compressed oxygen, Food and Drug Administration, Health care professionals, Industrial partners, Intensive therapy, Ventilation mode, Mechanical ventilator, law, 0103 physical sciences, Pandemic, medicine, 010306 general physics, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mechanical Engineering, healthcare, Articles, Condensed Matter Physics, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Medical gas supply, Mechanical Ventilation, COVID-19 Pandemic, covid-19, Mechanics of Materials, Others, Ventilation (architecture), Medical emergency, Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world

Published
2021

40. Comparison of Methods

Author

Larsen, Peter Gorm, Prinz, Andreas, Snook, Colin F, Shahir , Hamed Yaghoubi, Glässer, U, Hallerstede, S, Leuschel, M, and Riccobene, E

Published
2014

44. AsmL Specification of a Ptolemy II Scheduler

Author

Anders P. Ravn, Peter Koch, Daniel Lázaro Cuadrado, and Börger, E. : Gargantini, A. : Riccobene, E. (eds.), null

Subjects
Java, Computer science, business.industry, Information hiding, Ptolemy's table of chords, Model of computation, Key (cryptography), Code generation, Software engineering, business, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Ptolemy II is a tool that combines different computational models for simulation and design of embedded systems. AsmL is a software specification language based on the Abstract State Machine formalism. This paper reports on development of an AsmL model of the Synchronous Dataflow domain scheduler of Ptolemy II. By building this model we can give precise semantics to the implementation. Furthermore it allows us to isolate the scheduling problem from the tool and make the potential parallelism of the implementation explicit. The model is executable and is tested against the implementation

Published
2003

45. Guidelines for the development of a critical software under emergency.

Author

Bombarda A, Bonfanti S, Galbiati C, Gargantini A, Pelliccione P, Riccobene E, and Wada M

Abstract

Context: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an international and heterogeneous team of scientists collaborated on a social project to produce a mechanical ventilator for intensive care units (MVM). MVM has been conceived to be produced and used also in poor countries: it is open-source, no patents, cheap, and can be produced with materials that are easy to retrieve., Objective: The objective of this work is to extract from the experience of the MVM development and software certification a set of lessons learned and then guidelines that can help developers to produce safety-critical devices in similar emergency situations., Method: We conducted a case study. We had full access to source code, comments on code, change requests, test reports, every deliverable (60 in total) produced for the software certification (safety concepts, requirements specifications, architecture and design, testing activities, etc.), notes, whiteboard sketches, emails, etc. We validated both lessons learned and guidelines with experts., Findings: We contribute a set of validated lessons learned and a set of validated guidelines, together with a discussion of benefits and risks of each guideline., Conclusion: In this work we share our experience in certifying software for healthcare devices produced under emergency, i.e. with strict and pressing time constraints and with the difficulty of establishing a heterogeneous development team made of volunteers. We believe that the guidelines will help engineers during the development of critical software under emergency., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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46. Evaporation versus iced gastric lavage treatment of heatstroke: comparative efficacy in a canine model.

Author

White JD, Riccobene E, Nucci R, Johnson C, Butterfield AB, and Kamath R

Subjects
Animals, Cardiac Output, Dogs, Heart Rate, Time Factors, Cryotherapy, Gastric Lavage, Heat Exhaustion therapy, Hypothermia, Induced
Abstract

We compared the speed of cooling and treatment efficacy for evaporative cooling vs. iced gastric lavage in a canine heatstroke model. Nine random-source, mongrel dogs were anesthetized, shaved, and internally heated until the core temperature reached 43.0 degrees C. The animals were then randomly assigned to be cooled to 37 degrees C either by iced (1 degree C) tap water gastric lavage (n = 5200 ml/min) through a large (32-Fr) orogastric tube, or by spraying with tap water (n = 4, 15 degrees C, 12 L/min) before a large fan blowing room temperature air (23 degrees C) across the dog at 0.5 m/sec from a height of 50 cm. Temperatures were monitored by thermocouples in both tympanic membranes and the pulmonary artery. BP, pulse, and cardiac output were measured every 5 min. Evaporative cooling was twice as fast as iced gastric lavage (0.16 +/- .05 degree vs. 0.08 +/- .01 degree C/min X m2, p less than .01). Animals in the evaporatively cooled group also experienced a quicker and more complete return to baseline cardiac indices than the lavage-treated group. Moreover, all animals treated with evaporation survived and were neurologically intact 48 h later, while only one lavage-treated dog was neurologically intact over the same period. The others in the lavage group died one hour after cooling (n = 1), were grossly ataxic (n = 1), or were persistently comatose (n = 2). A simple evaporative cooling technique, readily available in the emergency department, appears to be the most rapid and effective means for cooling and treating heatstroke in the dog.

Published
1987
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