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5. Ecstasy

Author

McCann, Una D., Mertl, Melissa, Ricaurte, George A., Tarter, Ralph E., editor, Ammerman, Robert T., editor, and Ott, Peggy J., editor

Published
1998
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8. List of Contributors

Author

Addy, Peter H., primary, Bowen, Scott, additional, Brady, Kathleen T., additional, Brašić, James Robert, additional, Büttner, Andreas, additional, Chan, Ryan H.A., additional, Ciraulo, Domenic A., additional, Compton, Wilson M., additional, Craige, Caryne P., additional, Cruz, Silvia L., additional, Drgon, Tomas, additional, D’Souza, Deepak Cyril, additional, Enman, Nicole M., additional, Evins, A. Eden, additional, Fantegrossi, William E., additional, Gentilello, Larry, additional, Herman, Aryeh I., additional, Kalant, Harold, additional, Kim, Jongho, additional, Kish, Stephen J., additional, Lopez, Marsha, additional, Madras, Bertha, additional, Martinez, Diana, additional, McCann, Una D., additional, Mendelson, John E., additional, Nichols, David E., additional, Oldham, Mark, additional, Schuman-Olivier, Zev, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Ranganathan, Mohini, additional, Ricaurte, George A., additional, Robinson, Cendrine, additional, Sewell, R. Andrew, additional, Skosnik, Patrick D., additional, Sofuoglu, Mehmet, additional, Stoeckel, Luke E., additional, Trifilieff, Pierre, additional, Uhl, George R., additional, Unterwald, Ellen M., additional, Walther, Donna, additional, Waters, Andrew J., additional, Weinberg, Naimah, additional, and Weisz, Erika, additional

Published
2014
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23. Contributors

Author

Abrams, Gary M., primary, Albers, Gregory W., additional, Allen, Bradley L., additional, Aminoff, Michael J., additional, Berg, Bruce O., additional, Berger, Joseph R., additional, Berger, Timothy G., additional, Bharucha, Adil E., additional, Bolton, Charles F., additional, Brown, David L., additional, Burness, Christine E., additional, Camilleri, Michael, additional, Chaudhry, Vinay, additional, Christine, Chadwick W., additional, Cockerham, Kimberly P., additional, Cox, Gary M., additional, Davies-Jones, G.A.B., additional, Davis, Larry E., additional, Deangelis, Lisa M., additional, Delio, Philip R., additional, Dillon, William P., additional, Dowd, Christopher F., additional, Du Plessis, AdrÉ J., additional, Durack, David T., additional, Elkins, Jacob S., additional, Engstrom, John W., additional, Evans, Randolph W., additional, Feldman, Eva L., additional, Fisch, Bruce J., additional, Furman, Joseph M., additional, Gelb, Douglas J., additional, Gladstone, David J., additional, Goodin, Douglas S., additional, Grimm, Sean A., additional, Halperin, John J., additional, Hemphill, J. Claude, additional, Hotson, John R., additional, Jay, Cheryl A., additional, Johnston, S. Claiborne, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Ko, Nerissa U., additional, Krumholz, Allan, additional, Lambert, Colin D., additional, Langston, J. William, additional, Leonard, John M., additional, Limperopoulos, Catherine, additional, Lockwood, Alan H., additional, Longstreth, W.T., additional, Mancall, Elliott L., additional, Mastaglia, Frank L., additional, Mccann, Una D., additional, Messing, Robert O., additional, Olmos, Andrea, additional, Olney, Richard K., additional, Parent, Jack M., additional, Parry, Gareth J., additional, Patchell, Roy A., additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Poncelet, Ann Noelle, additional, Pop-Busui, Rodica, additional, Posner, Jerome B., additional, Ralph, Jeffrey W., additional, Ravich, William J., additional, Ricaurte, George A., additional, Riggs, Jack E., additional, Roos, Karen L., additional, Rose-Innes, Andrew P., additional, Rosenbaum, Richard B., additional, Sabin, Thomas D., additional, Salata, Robert A., additional, Schipper, Hyman M., additional, Shaw, Pamela J., additional, Simon, Roger P., additional, St. Martin, Michele B., additional, Stern, Barney J., additional, Sullivan, Kelli A., additional, Sussman, Jon D., additional, Swash, Michael, additional, Swift, Thomas R., additional, Trimble, Michael R., additional, Truong, Angela T., additional, Tselis, Alex C., additional, VoduŠek, David B., additional, Wang, Kevin C., additional, Williams, Linda S., additional, Winkelman, Marc D., additional, Young, G. Bryan, additional, and Zaroff, Jonathan G., additional

Published
2008
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26. Contributors

Author

Amin, Neha P., primary, Argoff, Charles E., additional, Askamit, Allen J., additional, Avidan, Alon Y., additional, Balcer, Laura J., additional, Baram, Tallie Z., additional, Belzberg, Allan J., additional, Benjamin, Sara E., additional, Bhardwaj, Anish, additional, Biglan, Kevin M., additional, Blanchard, Tom J., additional, Bodensteiner, John B., additional, Brown, Devin L., additional, Brust, John C.M., additional, Burnett, Arthur L., additional, Burns, Anthony S., additional, Calabresi, Peter, additional, Campbell, Grant L., additional, Chaudhry, Vinay, additional, Cheshire, William P., additional, Cohen, Kenneth, additional, Cole, Andrew J., additional, Comi, Anne, additional, Corbett, James J., additional, Corse, Andrea M., additional, Crone, Nathan E., additional, Cruciani, Ricardo, additional, Dalakas, Marinos C., additional, Dalmau, Josep, additional, Daniels, Stephanie K., additional, Davis, Larry E., additional, Dodick, David W., additional, Elinzano, Heinrich, additional, Fealey, Robert D., additional, Foundas, Anne L., additional, French, Jacqueline A., additional, Fried, Linda P., additional, Fromherz, Scott, additional, Garg, Bhuwan P., additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Gilbert, Mark R., additional, Gilden, Donald H., additional, Gilliam, Frank G., additional, Gladstone, Jonathan P., additional, Glass, Jonathan D., additional, Goldstein, David S., additional, Gomes, Joao A., additional, Greenberg, Benjamin M., additional, Hartman, Adam L., additional, Herman, Susan T., additional, Hillis, Argye E., additional, Hirano, Michio, additional, Irani, David, additional, Jabati, Sallu, additional, Jackson, Alan C., additional, Jeong, Jee-Hyang, additional, Jinnah, H.A., additional, Johnston, S. Claiborne, additional, Jubelt, Burk, additional, Kerr, Douglas, additional, Kimball, Richard M., additional, Kleopa, Kleopas A., additional, Koski, Carol Lee, additional, Kossoff, Eric H., additional, Krumholz, Allan, additional, Kula, Roger W., additional, Kuncl, Ralph W., additional, Laterra, John, additional, Laureno, Robert, additional, Llinás, Rafael H., additional, Louis, Elan D., additional, Manabe, Yukari, additional, Maragakis, Nicholas J., additional, Markowitz, Morri E., additional, Marra, Christina M., additional, Marsh, Laura, additional, Mastrianni, James A., additional, McArthur, Justin C., additional, McCann, Una D., additional, McCarthy, Micheline, additional, Mignot, Emmanuel, additional, Miller, Bruce, additional, Miller, Steven P., additional, Morgenstern, Lewis B., additional, Moxley, Richard T., additional, Murinson, Beth, additional, Naff, Neal J., additional, Narayanan, Vinodh, additional, Nath, Avindra, additional, O'Hearn, Elizabeth, additional, Olney, Richard K., additional, Pachner, Andrew R., additional, Pardo-Villamizar, Carlos A., additional, Patchell, Roy A., additional, Polydefkis, Michael, additional, Porter, Beth S., additional, Pourfar, Michael, additional, Reimschisel, Tyler, additional, Ricaurte, George A., additional, Rigamonti, Daniele, additional, Ropka, Stacie L., additional, Rosenberg, Paul, additional, Ruff, Robert L., additional, Rye, David B., additional, Scherer, Steven S., additional, Schwarz, Jacob P., additional, Scott, Erick, additional, Sejvar, James J., additional, Selzer, Michael E., additional, Sepkuty, Jehuda, additional, Shapiro, Barbara E., additional, Doody, Rachelle Smith, additional, So, Yuen T., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Stommel, Elijah W., additional, Sung, Gene, additional, Ting, Tricia, additional, Troost, B. Todd, additional, Vining, Eileen P.G., additional, Vitek, Jerrold L., additional, Wagner, Kathryn R., additional, Walker, Mark F., additional, Walsh, Laurence, additional, Walter, Benjamin L., additional, Watters, Michael R., additional, Williams, Michael A., additional, Wiznitzer, Max, additional, Wright, Wendy L., additional, Yohay, Kaleb, additional, Zee, Phyllis C., additional, Ziai, Wendy C., additional, and Zimmerman, Andrew W., additional

Published
2006
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27. MDMA ("Ecstasy") and Neurotoxicity

Author

Mithoefer, Michael, Jerome, Lisa, Doblin, Richard, Ricaurte, George A., Yuan, Jie, Hatzidimitriou, George, Cord, Branden J., and McCann, Una D.

Published
2003

29. Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and primary pulmonary hypertension from fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine: a systematic review of the evidence

Author

McCann, Una D., Seiden, Lewis S., Rubin, Lewis J., and Ricaurte, George A.

Subjects
Neurons, Fenfluramine -- Adverse and side effects, Dexfenfluramine -- Adverse and side effects, Pulmonary hypertension -- Risk factors
Abstract

Animal studies show that fenfluramine and its derivative dexfenfluramine both cause damage to nerve cells in the brain that produce serotonin. It is not known whether this occurs in humans. These appetite suppressants go by the trade names Pondimin and Redux, respectively. A review of the animal studies found that the doses that cause damage in animals are the same doses used in humans to treat obesity. These drugs also increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension, especially when used for more than 3 months., Objectives. -- Obesity is an important clinical problem, and the use of dexfenfluramine hydrochloride for weight reduction has been widely publicized since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration. However, animal and human studies have demonstrated toxic effects of fenfluramines that clinicians should be aware of when considering prescribing the drugs. Our purpose was to systematically review data on brain serotonin neurotoxicity in animals treated with fenfluramines and the evidence linking fenfluramines to primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Data Sources. -- Archival articles and reviews identified through a computerized search of MEDLINE from 1966 to April 1997 using "fenfluramine(s)," "serotonin," "neurotoxicity," "behavior," "anorexigens," "weight loss," and "primary pulmonary hypertension" as index terms. Study Selection. -- Reports dealing with long-term effects of fenfluramines on brain serotonin neurons, body weight, and pulmonary function in animals and humans. Data Extraction. -- Reports were reviewed by individuals with expertise in serotonin neurobiology, neurotoxicity, neuropsychiatry, and pulmonary medicine and evaluated for appropriateness for inclusion in this review. Data Synthesis. -- Fenfluramines cause dose-related, long-lasting reductions in serotonin axonal markers in all the animal species tested and with all the routes of drug administration used. Doses of fenfluramines that produce signs of brain serotonin neurotoxicity in animals are on the same order as those used to treat humans for weight loss when one takes into account known relations between body mass and drug clearance. However, no human studies have been conducted, and the pathological and clinical potential for neurotoxicity in humans is unknown. Appetite suppressants -- most commonly fenfluramines -- increase the risk of developing PPH (odds ratio, 6.3), particularly when used for more than 3 months (odds ratio, [is greater than] 20). Conclusions. -- Fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine have been demonstrated to damage brain serotonin neurons in animal studies. It is not known if such damage occurs in humans or if there are clinical consequences. Use of fenfluramines is associated with an increased risk of PPH. Future studies should address the long-term consequences of prolonged use of fenfluramines. JAMA.1997;278:666-672

Published
1997

43. A Murine Dopamine Neuron-Specific cDNA Library and Microarray: Increased COXI Expression during Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity

Author

Barrett, Tanya, Xie, Tao, Piao, Yulan, Dillon-Carter, Ora, Kargul, George J., Lim, Meng K., Chrest, Francis J., Wersto, Robert, Rowley, Daniel L., Juhaszova, Magdalena, Zhou, Li, Vawter, Marquis P., Becker, Kevin G., Cheadle, Christopher, Wood, William H., III, McCann, Una D., Freed, William J., Ko, Minoru S., Ricaurte, George A., and Donovan, David M.

Published
2001
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44. Retraction

Author

Ricaurte, George A., Yuan, Jie, Hatzidimitriou, George, Cord, Branden J., and McCann, Una D.

Published
2003

47. (+ -)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine selectively damages central serotonergic neurons in nonhuman primates

Author

Ricaurte, George A., Forno, Lysia S., Wilson, Mary A., DeLanney, Louis E., Irwin, Ian, Molliver, Mark E., and Langston, J. William

Subjects
Designer drugs -- Physiological aspects, Neurons -- Physiological aspects, Monkeys as laboratory animals -- Research, Ecstasy (Drug) -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

ABSTRACT: (+/-) 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug that has been proposed to be useful as an adjunct to psychotherapy. This study assessed the neurotoxic potential of MDMA in nonhuman primates. Monkeys were repeatedly administered doses (2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 mg/kg) of MDMA subcutaneously and analyzed for regional brain content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid two weeks later. In all regions of the monkey brain examined, MDMA produced a selective dose-related depletion of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These neurochemical deficits were associated with evidence of structural damage to serotonergic nerve fibers. In addition, MDMA produced pathological changes in nerve cell bodies in the dorsal, but not median, raphe nucleus. These results indicate that MDMA is a selective serotonergic neurotoxin in nonhuman primates and that humans using this drug may be at risk for incurring central serotonergic neuronal damage.

Published
1988

48. Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine

Author

Lipetz, Philip D., Mattes, Jeffrey A., O'Callaghan, James P., Miller, Diane B., Rothman, Richard B., McCann, Una D., Seiden, Lewis S., Rubin, Lewis J., and Ricaurte, George A.

Subjects
Fenfluramine -- Physiological aspects, Dexfenfluramine -- Physiological aspects, Serotonin -- Physiological aspects, Tryptophan -- Physiological aspects
Published
1997

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