Search

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in human breast carcinogenesis. This topic is not well documented in canine mammary tumors (CMT). In this work, the tumoral TGFβ expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 67 malignant CMT and its correlation to previously determined FoxP3, VEGF, and CD31 markers and other clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated. The high levels of TGFβ were statistically significantly associated with skin ulceration, tumor necrosis, high histological grade of malignancy (HGM), presence of neoplastic intravascular emboli and presence of lymph node metastases. The observed levels of TGFβ were positively correlated with intratumoral FoxP3 (strong correlation), VEGF (weak correlation) and CD31 (moderate correlation). Tumors that presented a concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31 markers were statistically significantly associated with parameters of tumor malignancy (high HGM, presence of vascular emboli and nodal metastasis). Additionally, shorter overall survival (OS) time was statistically significantly associated with tumors with an abundant TGFβ expression and with concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31. The presence of lymph node metastasis increased 11 times the risk of disease-related death, arising as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in the multivariable analysis. In conclusion, TGFβ and Treg cells seem involved in tumor progression emerging as potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy studies.

Depression is a mental disorder that depicts a wide variety of symptoms, including mood and cognitive alterations, as well as recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. It could become the second leading cause of premature death or disability worldwide. Treatments with conventional antidepressants have several limitations in terms of effectiveness, side effects, and high costs. Therefore, medicinal plants such as Mucuna pruriens are potent candidates for treating depressive disorders. This review shows a compendium of evidence supporting the antidepressant effect of the Mucuna pruriens plant in diverse animal models. This includes the mechanisms of action underlying the antidepressant activity of the treatment concerning dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, cortisol, and inflammation. Clinical trials are needed to study the efficacy and safety of Mucuna pruriens for depression.

Abstract The Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) has been used as a carrier of several heterologous protein fragments based on its capacity to form virus-like particles (VLPs) and to activate innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present work, two chimeric proteins were designed as potential pancorona vaccine candidates, comprising the N- or C- terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein fused to HBcAg. The recombinant proteins, obtained in E. coli, were named CN-1 and CND-1, respectively. The final protein preparations were able to form 10–25 nm particles, visualized by TEM. Both proteins were recognized by sera from COVID-19 convalescent donors; however, the antigenicity of CND-1 tends to be higher. The immunogenicity of both proteins was studied in Balb/C mice by intranasal route without adjuvant. After three doses, only CND-1 elicited a positive immune response, systemic and mucosal, against SARS-CoV-2 N protein. CND-1 was evaluated in a second experiment mixed with the CpG ODN-39 M as nasal adjuvant. The induced anti-N immunity was significantly enhanced, and the antibodies generated were cross-reactive with N protein from Omicron variant, and SARS-CoV-1. Also, an anti-N broad cellular immune response was detected in spleen, by IFN-γ ELISpot. The nasal formulation composed by CND-1 and ODN-39 M constitutes an attractive component for a second generation coronavirus vaccine, increasing the scope of S protein-based vaccines, by inducing mucosal immunity and systemic broad humoral and cellular responses against Sarbecovirus N protein.

Abstract Post-translational cycles of α-tubulin detyrosination and tyrosination generate microtubule diversity, the cellular functions of which remain largely unknown. Here we show that α-tubulin detyrosination regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachments to ensure normal chromosome oscillations and timely anaphase onset during mitosis. Remarkably, detyrosinated α-tubulin levels near kinetochore microtubule plus-ends depend on the direction of chromosome motion during metaphase. Proteomic analyses unveil that the KNL-1/MIS12/NDC80 (KMN) network that forms the core microtubule-binding site at kinetochores and the microtubule-rescue protein CLASP2 are enriched on tyrosinated and detyrosinated microtubules during mitosis, respectively. α-tubulin detyrosination enhances CLASP2 binding and NDC80 complex diffusion along the microtubule lattice in vitro. Rescue experiments overexpressing NDC80, including variants with slower microtubule diffusion, suggest a functional interplay with α-tubulin detyrosination for the establishment of a labile kinetochore-microtubule interface. These results offer a mechanistic explanation for how different detyrosinated α-tubulin levels near kinetochore microtubule plus-ends fine-tune load-bearing attachments to both growing and shrinking microtubules.

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica buscando identificar e analisar as pesquisas publicadas, tanto de abrangência nacional como internacional, envolvendo a temática do ensino de demonstrações geométricas com o auxílio de ambientes de geometria dinâmica. Para atingir este objetivo, realizamos uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura envolvendo publicações em português, inglês e espanhol, de modo a conseguir uma abrangência de resultados significativos que torne a pesquisa consistente e confiável. A análise realizada teve caráter predominantemente qualitativo, visando ressaltar a relevância das atividades propostas e da metodologia empregada nas pesquisas encontradas. Os resultados mostram que a produção nacional sobre este tema é equiparável às produções internacionais, e que o ambiente de geometria dinâmica mais utilizado pelos professores e pesquisadores da área de ensino de matemática é o software GeoGebra. Além disso, esta revisão de literatura mostra que existem poucas publicações que se baseiam em atividades que realmente aproveitam o potencial dos ambientes de geometria dinâmica para produzir conhecimentos sobre demonstrações geométricas a partir da interação dos próprios estudantes com o software, fator determinante para a construção do próprio conhecimento, evidenciando assim a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre o tema.

Abstract Turbidity currents carve the deepest canyons on Earth, deposit its largest sediment accumulations, and break seabed telecommunication cables. Powerful canyon‐flushing turbidity currents break sensors placed in their path, making them notoriously challenging to measure, and thus poorly understood. This study provides the first remote measurements of canyon‐flushing flows, using ocean‐bottom seismographs located outside the flow's destructive path, revolutionizing flow monitoring. We recorded the internal dynamics of the longest sediment flows yet monitored on Earth, which traveled >1,000 km down the Congo Canyon‐Channel at 3.7–7.6 m s−1 and lasted >3 weeks. These observations allow us to test fundamental models for turbidity current behavior and reveal that flows contain dense and fast frontal‐zones up to ∼400 km in length. These frontal‐zones developed near‐uniform durations and speeds for hundreds of kilometres despite substantial seabed erosion, enabling flows to rapidly transport prodigious volumes of organic carbon, sediment, and warm water to the deep‐sea.

Background Motor performances of youth are related to growth and maturity status, among other factors.Aim To estimate the contribution of skeletal maturity status per se to the motor performances of female athletes aged 10–15 years and the mediation effects of growth status on the relationships.Subjects and methods Skeletal age (TW3 RUS SA), body size, proportions, estimated fat-free mass (FFM), motor performances, training history and participation motivation were assessed in 80 non-skeletally mature female participants in several sports. Hierarchical and regression-based statistical mediation analyses were used.Results SA per se explained a maximum of 1.8% and 5.8% of the variance in motor performances of athletes aged 10–12 and 13–15 years, respectively, over and above that explained by covariates. Body size, proportions, and hours per week of training and participation motivation explained, respectively, a maximum of 40.7%, 18.8%, and 22.6% of the variance in performances. Mediation analysis indicated specific indirect effects of SA through stature and body mass, alone or in conjunction with FFM on performances.Conclusion SA per se accounted for small and non-significant amounts of variance in several motor performances of female youth athletes; rather, SA influenced performances indirectly through effects on stature, body mass and estimated FFM.

Oswaldo de Camargo começou a publicar literatura em 1958 e, desde então, destaca-se pela sua longevidade em mais de sessenta anos de atividade literária com uma obra constituída em diferentes gêneros, apresentando, como uma de suas características, o cuidado com a memória da história da literatura e das autorias negras brasileiras. Assim, Camargo publicou antologias de poesia, uma história da literatura negra brasileira, livros ensaísticos dedicados a autores negros e também explora esse viés memorialístico na sua ficção. O presente artigo investiga a importância da memória literária negra e os registros nos seus livros ensaísticos, de ficção e na antologia de poesia organizada por ele, relacionando essas obras com a singularidade da vida literária de Oswaldo de Camargo, capaz de proporcionar as condições possíveis para combater o esquecimento e investir na presença do negro na literatura brasileira.

As situações de aprendizagem são estratégias de aprendizagem apresentadas aos alunos, muitas vezes sem apoio de referencial teórico e didático-pedagógico. Nesse contexto, a didática profissional (DP) fornece subsídios para analisar as situações laborais de referência e as características de sua transposição didática. Realizamos uma análise das situações de aprendizagem do curso Técnico em Administração do SENAI, sob o prisma da DP. Foram constatadas divergências e convergências entre a DP e as situações de aprendizagem adotadas pelo SENAI, apresentadas aqui com recomendações derivadas dos aportes da DP.

Background: This investigation focused on the influence of collagen on the integrity of the Schneiderian membrane during maxillary sinus augmentation in a rabbit model. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between membrane integrity and bone regeneration in augmented maxillary sinuses using collagenated and non-collagenated grafts, through detailed histological and histomorphometric analyses. Methods: In this forward-looking, randomized, split-mouth design, bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation was conducted on 12 rabbits. One sinus was filled with deproteinized bovine bone material (DBBM) as the grafting material (non-collagenated; control), while a combination of DBBM particles integrated with 10% porcine-derived type I collagen was used in the contralateral sinus (collagenated; test). Histological analyses were carried out following healing periods of 2 and 12 weeks. Results: At the 2-week time point, six sites of thinned mucosa (p = 0.027 between test and control) and two perforations (p = 0.175 between test and control) were found in the non-collagenated group. After 12 weeks of healing, the number of sites with thinned mucosa was 20 in the collagenated group and 19 in the non-collagenated group, with four perforations observed in each group. These perforations were distributed across three sinuses in the collagenated group and two sinuses in the non-collagenated group. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Conclusions: The addition of 10% collagen to deproteinized bovine bone mineral initially provided protection against mucosal thinning and perforation after 2 weeks of healing. However, by week 12, this protective effect diminished, resulting in similar rates of mucosal thinning and perforations in both groups.

Contexto: As múltiplas linguagens no ensino de Geografia têm o potencial de aprimorar a aprendizagem e motivar os estudantes da Educação Básica. Além disso, a reflexão sobre seu uso e a produção de recursos didáticos e oficinas pedagógicas voltados a essas linguagens podem contribuir para a formação inicial e continuada de professores de Geografia. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar a contribuição das múltiplas linguagens para o ensino de Geografia, promovendo a construção de recursos didáticos e oficinas pedagógicas para a Educação Básica. Metodologia: O projeto foi desenvolvido na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Santo Antônio, em Agudo, RS, em 2023. Os dados sistematizados resultaram em uma oficina pedagógica de alfabetização cartográfica, que promoveu a aprendizagem da cartografia no espaço escolar por meio de atividades dinâmicas. Considerações: O uso das múltiplas linguagens no ensino de Geografia revela-se uma ferramenta poderosa para aprimorar a aprendizagem e motivar os estudantes da Educação Básica. Além disso, ao refletir sobre o uso dessas linguagens e produzir recursos didáticos e oficinas pedagógicas adequadas, é possível não apenas beneficiar os alunos, mas também contribuir significativamente para a formação inicial e continuada dos professores de Geografia.

Nexus+ inter-relaciona as seguranças hídrica, energética, alimentar e socioambiental, agenda promovida no território do PAN Lagoas do Sul por meio da restauração ecológica para o SocioBioCotidiano. Nesse território, a porção da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e da Laguna dos Patos foi severamente impactada pelas enchentes de 2024. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se analisar a restauração ecológica para o SocioBioCotidiano como estratégia para o alcance das seguranças no contexto das emergências climáticas. Com esse fim, foram realizadas análises documental e de literatura com vistas a caracterizar a emergência climática e analisar o potencial de alcance das seguranças pelas espécies e ecossistemas. Todos os ecossistemas apresentaram serviços ecossistêmicos que garantem as seguranças em nível local e regional, concorrendo para a resiliência dos territórios urbanos. A noção de SocioBioCotidiano se apresenta como uma estratégia regional de abastecimento que promove a conservação e restauração da biodiversidade, a mitigação das mudanças climáticas e a justiça socioambiental.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar em Negro Disfarce, de Oswaldo de Camargo, os anseios e os impasses de um jovem homem negro consciente em assumir a sua identidade racial na São Paulo da Segunda República, enfatizando o uso da narrativa autoficcional para ilustrar os participantes da Associação Cultural do Negro e suas diferentes percepções para lidar com a questão racial. A complexidade das experiências das personagens negras possibilita a liberdade para que o autor revisite e recrie o passado, valendo-se de uma elaboração da autoficção como estratégia literária para a reinvenção de si como outros, configurando-se em uma alterficção negra.

Abstract This study presents geophysical data from two passive seismic measurements conducted at two different sites in Antarctica. We analyzed the signals mainly in the frequency domain through the multitaper method to extract some spectral characteristics of the signals that would have been out of reach through the usual FFT approach. The power spectral density of the signals carries information about the processes that generated them, allowing its correlation with their source origin and type, either natural or anthropogenic. We deal with three different source types: calving, wind, and anthropogenic origins. The former is closely related to glacier dynamics, being modulated by the prevailing atmospheric processes. At both locations the wind noise is prevalent, complicating the analysis of other events like calving. We have used data classification, estimation of the source azimuth, and seismic apparent velocity to demonstrate the viability of using geophysical methods to study glacier elastic parameters and dynamics. Moreover, the calving rate can yield a wider and more independent understanding of glacier hydrodynamics and may help to estimate the future response of the polar areas to a changing environment.

Reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling after aortic valve replacement (AVR), in patients with aortic stenosis, is well-documented as an important prognostic factor. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to characterize the response of the unloaded LV after AVR. We searched on MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science for studies reporting echocardiographic findings before and at least 1 month after AVR for the treatment of aortic stenosis. In total, 1,836 studies were identified and 1,098 were screened for inclusion. The main factors of interest were structural and dynamic measures of the LV and aortic valve. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to compute standardized mean differences (SMD) between follow-up and baseline values for each outcome. Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding 11,751 patients. AVR resulted in reduced mean aortic gradient (SMD: −38.23 mmHg, 95% CI: −39.88 to −36.58, I2=92%), LV mass (SMD: −37.24 g, 95% CI: −49.31 to −25.18, I2=96%), end-diastolic LV diameter (SMD: −1.78 mm, 95% CI: −2.80 to −0.76, I2=96%), end-diastolic LV volume (SMD: −1.6 ml, 95% CI: −6.68 to 3.51, I2=91%), increased effective aortic valve area (SMD: 1.10 cm2, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.20, I2=98%), and LV ejection fraction (SMD: 2.35%, 95% CI: 1.31 to 3.40%, I2=94.1%). Our results characterize the extent to which reverse remodeling is expected to occur after AVR. Notably, in our study, reverse remodeling was documented as soon as 1 month after AVR.

Food foams are highly industrially relevant systems, responsible for the visual appearance and organoleptic properties of many processed foods. Foam characteristics can be further improved by food-grade additives. This study investigates the influence of bacterial cellulose (BC) on the foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) of egg white protein (EWP) and soy protein isolate (SPI), important food foaming agents. The effects of pH, BC concentration and particle size on the FS and FC were analyzed. Compared to SPI, EWP demonstrated higher FC, an effect that is tentatively assigned to its lower molecular weight, hence faster diffusion to the interface. Adding 0.1 % BC to EWP (4 %, at pH 7.0) and to SPI (4 %, at pH 3.0) increased the FC by 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively. The addition of BC also reduced the foam's liquid drainage, although not impacting the FS. Surprisingly, large flakes of BC (Dv(50) of 1104 µm) yielded higher FC values than smaller ones. We hypothesize that larger BC flakes may act as anchoring sites, stabilizing the air bubbles during whipping. BC flakes were observed in the plateau borders and nodes of EWP foams, clogging the water channels and preventing drainage. This work demonstrates the potential of BC as a food-grade foam enhancer, providing a new tool for the food engineer´s arsenal.

Resumo O artigo concentra-se na análise do modelo normativo da soberania globalizada, concebido por Philip Pettit, com o objetivo de ampliar sua teoria neorrepublicana da liberdade como não dominação, originalmente desenvolvida para promover a liberdade dos cidadãos dentro das fronteiras nacionais para o âmbito internacional. Esse modelo, fundamentado no internacionalismo republicano e crítico tanto do cosmopolitismo (seja de orientação liberal ou republicana) quanto do não intervencionismo westfaliano, emerge como uma perspectiva promissora para a abordagem de questões teóricas acerca de justiça e legitimidade na ordem global contemporânea. No entanto, a plena realização das potencialidades desse modelo exige o enfrentamento de limitações decorrentes da insuficiência crítica em sua análise do papel desempenhado por Estados representativos e instituições internacionais. A parte final do artigo destaca essas limitações e sugere caminhos para sua superação.

The emergence of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has significantly transformed manufacturing landscapes, introducing interconnected, dynamic, and data-rich environments. This article focuses on the application of industrial machine learning (I-ML) within these evolving manufacturing contexts, exploring both the challenges and future prospects of its integration. A systematic literature review, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines, forms the foundation of our analysis, characterizing the role of machine learning (ML) in modern manufacturing, its current challenges, and future trends. This research delves into the implications of I-ML in various manufacturing scenarios, including predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, and quality control, providing a comprehensive overview of practical applications along with an identification of related emerging technologies and trends. We also address the critical need for sustainable, reproducible, and reliable performance in industrial applications and explore strategies for overcoming barriers to ML adoption in the industry. Recommendations for future research directions are provided, aiming to bridge the gap between ML advancements and their practical, scalable implementation in industrial settings, paving the way to future research in the field. Lastly, we aim to contribute to the identification of challenges and future research directions for the ongoing digital transformation of manufacturing industries, offering insights into how ML can be effectively leveraged in the era of I4.0.

Background: A comprehensive investigation to associate the use of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid with bovine bone in maxillary sinus lift procedures in rabbits has not been performed yet. The aim was to evaluate the influence of this novel association on the processes of bone regeneration in maxillary sinus augmentation. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, within-animal model, maxillary sinus augmentation was performed bilaterally in 12 rabbits. Deproteinized bovine bone material (DBBM) was used as filler material. A hyaluronic acid–polynucleotide gel was aggregated at the test site. Histological evaluations were performed after 2 and 10 weeks of healing. Results: After 2 weeks of healing, similar amounts of new bone were observed at both the control (7.7 ± 4.3%) and test sites (8.1 ± 3.8%; p = 0.697). Bone formation was observed predominantly along the osteotomy margins and adjacent sinus walls. After 10 weeks of healing, the total new bone fraction reached 28.0 ± 10.1% at the control sites and 27.3 ± 10.5% at the test sites (p = 0.563). Multiple perforations of the sinus mucosa were observed in both groups when in contact with the biomaterial granules. Conclusion: The present study failed to demonstrate a positive effect on bone formation when incorporating hyaluronic acid–polynucleotide gel (Regenfast) into a xenograft for maxillary sinus augmentation. Additionally, the use of this gel did not mitigate the occurrence of thinned mucosa or reduce the risk of subsequent sinus mucosa perforation.

Abstract Ocean currents control seafloor morphology and the transport of sediments, organic carbon, nutrients, and pollutants in deep-water environments. A better connection between sedimentary deposits formed by bottom currents (contourites) and hydrodynamics is necessary to improve reconstructions of paleocurrent and sediment transport pathways. Here we use physical modeling in a three-dimensional flume tank to analyse the morphology and hydrodynamics of a self-emerging contourite system. The sedimentary features that developed on a flat surface parallel to a slope are an elongated depression (moat) and an associated sediment accumulation (drift). The moat-drift system can only form in the presence of a secondary flow near the seafloor that transports sediment from the slope toward the drift. The secondary flow increases with higher speeds and steeper slopes, leading to steeper adjacent drifts. This study shows how bottom currents shape the morphology of the moat-drift system and highlights their potential to estimate paleo-ocean current strength.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal tissues, characterized by the presence of bilateral nasal polyps. While etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms are heterogeneous and complex, in most patients, disease is mediated predominantly through type 2 inflammatory processes. Clinical management is challenging, and a multidisciplinary approach is preferred. Principal treatment approaches are the use of local/systemic corticosteroids and sinonasal surgery, although outcomes can be unsatisfactory. Recent availability of biological therapies targeting underlying inflammatory processes can offer effective treatment options in uncontrolled disease. Specialist guidelines greatly assist clinical decision-making, although as these are chiefly written from a global/international perspective, they may not wholly accommodate disease patterns and clinical practice at a regional level. An expert panel of specialists from Latin America was convened to develop regional guidance on the management of CRSwNP through a consensus approach. The present article presents the chief observations and recommendations which can provide guidance for clinicians in the Latin American region.

Devido a tensões entre os marcos legais indígenas e normativos brasileiros, a Lei Maria da Penha tem dificuldade de ser implementada nas comunidades indígenas do Brasil. Os requisitos da lei conflitam entre os costumes culturais indígenas e os procedimentos para solução das controvérsias, dificultando sua implementação. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar as dificuldades encontradas para a implementação da lei Maria da Penha nas comunidades indígenas. Discussões sobre tensões normativas, estruturas institucionais inadequadas e a importância da formação dos profissionais que atuam nessas áreas são necessárias para superar esses desafios. O sucesso da lei depende do equilíbrio entre a proteção das mulheres indígenas e o respeito às suas identidades culturais. A herança histórica do Brasil Colônia, que desfavorece mulheres e indígenas, está no cerne do problema da violência de gênero nas comunidades indígenas. Este estudo explora os desafios da aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha nas comunidades indígenas brasileiras, com base em uma revisão sistemática da literatura disponível no Google Acadêmico e Scielo. Os autores BANIWA; CANCIANI; KAGAN; MIHOMEM; MONT'AVÃO e SEGATO contribuíram para esse estudo. É uma pesquisa qualitativa que se concentra em uma análise interpretativa e subjetiva dos dados coletados, em vez de uma análise quantitativa.