15 results on '"Ricardo Riquelme"'
Search Results
2. Exploring the therapeutic potential of the mitochondrial transfer-associated enzymatic machinery in brain degeneration
- Author
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Noymar Luque-Campos, Ricardo Riquelme, Luis Molina, Gisela Canedo-Marroquín, Ana María Vega-Letter, Patricia Luz-Crawford, and Felipe A. Bustamante-Barrientos
- Subjects
degenerative brain disorders ,mitochondrial dysfunction ,fission and fusion ,mitophagy ,oxidative damage ,mitochondrial transfer ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesis of several degenerative brain disorders. It entails fission and fusion dynamics disruption, progressive decline in mitochondrial clearance, and uncontrolled oxidative stress. Many therapeutic strategies have been formulated to reverse these alterations, including replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy ones. Spontaneous mitochondrial transfer is a naturally occurring process with different biological functions. It comprises mitochondrial donation from one cell to another, carried out through different pathways, such as the formation and stabilization of tunneling nanotubules and Gap junctions and the release of extracellular vesicles with mitochondrial cargoes. Even though many aspects of regulating these mechanisms still need to be discovered, some key enzymatic regulators have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysfunction in different neurodegenerative disorders. Besides, we analyzed the usage of mitochondrial transfer as an endogenous revitalization tool, emphasizing the enzyme regulators that govern this mechanism. Going deeper into this matter would be helpful to take advantage of the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Association between 24-h movement guidelines and cardiometabolic health in Chilean adults
- Author
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Ricardo Riquelme, Leandro F. M. Rezende, Adilson Marques, Clemens Drenowatz, and Gerson Ferrari
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to examine the association between meeting 24-h movement guidelines and cardiometabolic health in Chilean adults. We used cross-sectional data of 2618 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as ≥ 600 MET-min/week of physical activity; ≤ 8 h/day of sitting time; and 7 to 9 h/day of sleep duration. Cardiometabolic health indicators were body mass index, waist circumference, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and risk of cardiovascular disease in a 10-year period. Meeting none out of three 24-h movement guidelines (vs all three) was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.45 to 1.89), high waist circumference (1.65; 1.40 to 1.90), hypertension (2.88; 2.23 to 3.53), type 2 diabetes (1.60; 1.26 to 1.94), metabolic syndrome (1.97; 1.54 to 2.40) and risk of cardiovascular disease (1.50; 1.20, 1.80). Meeting one guideline (vs three) was associated with higher odds of five of out seven cardiometabolic indicators. Our study found that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for cardiometabolic health.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Non-communicable diseases deaths attributable to high body mass index in Chile
- Author
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Ricardo Riquelme, Leandro F. M. Rezende, Juan Guzmán-Habinger, Javiera L. Chávez, Carlos Celis-Morales, Catterina Ferreccio, and Gerson Ferrari
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We estimated the proportion and number of deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCD) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in Chile in 2018. We used data from 5927 adults from a 2016–2017 Chilean National Health Survey to describe the distribution of BMI. We obtained the number of deaths from NCD from the Ministry of Health. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals per 5 units higher BMI for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease were retrieved from the Global BMI Mortality Collaboration meta-analyses. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 38.9% and 39.1%, respectively. We estimated that reducing population-wide BMI to a theoretical minimum risk exposure level (mean BMI: 22.0 kg/m2; standard deviation: 1) could prevent approximately 21,977 deaths per year (95%CI 13,981–29,928). These deaths represented about 31.6% of major NCD deaths (20.1–43.1) and 20.4% of all deaths (12.9–27.7) that occurred in 2018. Most of these preventable deaths were from cardiovascular diseases (11,474 deaths; 95% CI 7302–15,621), followed by cancer (5597 deaths; 95% CI 3560–7622) and respiratory disease (4906 deaths; 95% CI 3119–6684). A substantial burden of NCD deaths was attributable to high BMI in Chile. Policies and population-wide interventions are needed to reduce the burden of NCD due to high BMI in Chile.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Assessing Antibiotic Residues in Poultry Eggs from Backyard Production Systems in Chile, First Approach to a Non-Addressed Issue in Farm Animals
- Author
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Javiera Cornejo, Ekaterina Pokrant, Francisco Figueroa, Ricardo Riquelme, Pablo Galdames, Francisca Di Pillo, Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm, and Christopher Hamilton-West
- Subjects
food safety ,antimicrobials ,backyard poultry ,poultry eggs ,Chile ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Eggs are the main product generated from backyard poultry production systems (BPS) because they can quickly be consumed and sold to meet essential family needs. Nevertheless, antimicrobial residues can accumulate in this product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial residues in eggs produced by poultry kept in BPS in central Chile. To assess this, eggs were obtained from 83 BPS and analysed to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues (families: tetracyclines, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and macrolides), using a Four-Plate Test screening method for the detection, based on a bacterial growth inhibition method. Results show a lack of biosecurity procedures at BPS level, making these systems susceptible to the dissemination of antimicrobial residues. These include intensive animal production units in the proximity, and the presence of shared watercourses with other farms. Furthermore, 66% of the surveyed owners are indicated as giving pharmacological treatments to their chickens. Eggs from 61 BPS were positive for at least one antimicrobial. Fifty-three BPS were positive for more than one antimicrobial, and one BPS was positive for all four antimicrobials tested. Consequently, there is a risk that poultry eggs produced in BPS in central Chile carry residues of different families of antimicrobials.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Adoption of Good Practices for Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs Use among Peasant Family Farmers of Chile
- Author
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Francisco Lagos Susaeta, Mario Maino, Lisette Lapierre, Pilar Oviedo, Ricardo Riquelme, Andrea Baeza Villarroe, Marianela Quintrel, Luis Pablo Hervé-Claude, and Javiera Cornejo
- Subjects
peasant family farmers ,good practices ,pesticides ,veterinary drugs ,innovation adoption index ,innovation adoption rate ,chemical residues in food ,Agriculture - Abstract
Improvements and good practices (GPs) in rural environments are often developed by peasants themselves and shared among trust-based networks. The level of adoption of GPs by peasant family farmers (PFF) has been poorly studied. This paper describes the performance and results of the innovation adoption index (InAI) and rate (InAR) which were used to estimate the adoption of GPs for pesticide and veterinary drug use by PFF from eight different regions of Chile. Surveys were conducted among 257 farmers to find out about the adoption (yes/no) of a set of GPs in the adequate handling, use and storage of these chemical products, as well as some identifying information. The farmers in this study are producers of berries, dairy cows, honey and vegetables. The results of the survey showed an average of 57.33% GPs were adopted by farmers. Group averages of 55.23–61.32% were observed in the numbers of practices adopted by farmers. This survey data collection was part of a wider study intended to design a national plan to reduce chemical residues in food produced by PFF in Chile, with a focus on organizing practical workshops with extension officers and farmers.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Residue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Broiler Chicken Claws and a Comparison of Their Concentrations in Edible Tissues Using LC–MS/MS
- Author
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Ekaterina Pokrant, Ricardo Riquelme, Aldo Maddaleno, Betty San Martín, and Javiera Cornejo
- Subjects
florfenicol ,florfenicol amine ,antimicrobial residues ,muscle ,liver ,chicken claws ,LC–MS/MS ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Antimicrobial residues might persist in products and by-products destined for human or animal consumption. Studies exploring the depletion behavior of florfenicol residues in broiler chicken claws are scarce, even though claws can enter the food chain directly or indirectly. Hence, this study intended to assess the concentrations of florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA)—its active metabolite—in chicken claws from birds that were treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. Furthermore, concentrations of these analytes in this matrix were compared with their concentrations in edible tissues at each sampling point. A group of 70 broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions and used to assess residue depletion. Sampling points were on days 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 after ceasing treatment, thus extending beyond the withdrawal period established for muscle tissue (30 days). Analytes were extracted using HPLC-grade water and acetone, and dichloromethane was used for the clean-up stage. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy detection (LC–MS/MS) was used to detect and quantify the analytes. The analytical methodology developed in this study was validated in-house and based on the recommendations described in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC from the European Union. Analyte concentrations were calculated by linear regression analysis of calibration curves that were fortified using an internal standard of chloramphenicol-d5 (CAF-d5). The depletion time of FF and FFA was set at 74 days in claws, based on a 95% confidence level and using the limit of detection (LOD) as the cut-off point. Our findings show that FF and FFA can be found in chicken claws at higher concentrations than in muscle and liver samples at each sampling point.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Carbon Burial in Sediments below Seaweed Farms
- Author
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Carlos M. Duarte, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Elisa Marti, Beat Gasser, Isidro San Martin, Alexandra Cousteau, Fritz Neumeyer, Megan Reilly-Cayten, Joshua Boyce, Tomohiro Kuwae, Masakazu Hori, Toshihiro Miyajima, Nichole N. Price, Suzanne Arnold, Aurora M. Ricart, Simon Davis, Noumie Surugau, Al-Jeria Abdul, Jiaping Wu, Xi Xiao, Ik Kyo Chung, Chang Geun Choi, Calvyn F.A. Sondak, Hatim Albasri, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Annette Bruhn, Teis Boderskov, Kasper Hancke, Jon Funderud, Ana R. Borrero-Santiago, Fred Pascal, Paul Joanne, Lanto Ranivoarivelo, William T. Collins, Jennifer Clark, Juan Fermin Gutierrez, Ricardo Riquelme, Marcela Avila, Peter I. Macreadie, and Pere Masque
- Abstract
The hypothesis that seaweed farming contributes to carbon burial below the farms was tested by quantifying burial rates in 20 seaweed farms distributed globally, ranging from 2 to 300 years in operation and from 1 ha to 15,000 ha in size. This involved combining analyses of organic carbon density with sediment accumulation rate in sediments below seaweed farms relative to reference sediments beyond the farm and/or prior to the farm operation. One in every four farms sampled was set over environments that export, rather than retain materials. For the farms that were placed over depositional environments, where sediment accumulation could be quantified, the thickness of sediment layers and stocks of carbon accumulated below the farms increased with farm age, reaching 140 ton C ha-1for the oldest farm, and tended to exceed those in reference sediments beyond the farm and/or prior to the operation of the farms. Organic carbon burial rates in the farm sediments averaged (± SE) 1.87 ± 0.73 ton CO2equivalent (CO2-eq) ha-1year-1(median 0.83, range 0.10 – 8.99 ton CO2-eqha-1year-1), twice the average (± SE) burial rate in reference sediments (0.90 ± 0.27, median 0.64, range 0.10-3.00 ton CO2-eqha-1year-1), so that the excess organic carbon burial attributable to the seaweed farms averaged 1.06 ± 0.74 ton CO2-eqha-1year-1(median 0.09, range −0.13-8.10 ton CO2-eqha-1year-1). This first direct quantification of carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms confirms that, when placed over depositional environments, seaweed farming tend to sequester carbon in the underlying sediments, but do so at widely variable rates, increasing with farm yield.
- Published
- 2023
9. Non-communicable diseases deaths attributable to high body mass index in Chile
- Author
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Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende, Catterina Ferreccio, Juan Guzmán-Habinger, Carlos Celis-Morales, Gerson Ferrari, Javiera L. Chávez, and Ricardo Riquelme
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Adolescent ,Databases, Factual ,Science ,Diseases ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Chile ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,High body mass index ,Aged ,National health ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Respiratory disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Confidence interval ,Risk factors ,Relative risk ,Medicine ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Demography - Abstract
We estimated the proportion and number of deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCD) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in Chile in 2018. We used data from 5927 adults from a 2016–2017 Chilean National Health Survey to describe the distribution of BMI. We obtained the number of deaths from NCD from the Ministry of Health. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals per 5 units higher BMI for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease were retrieved from the Global BMI Mortality Collaboration meta-analyses. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 38.9% and 39.1%, respectively. We estimated that reducing population-wide BMI to a theoretical minimum risk exposure level (mean BMI: 22.0 kg/m2; standard deviation: 1) could prevent approximately 21,977 deaths per year (95%CI 13,981–29,928). These deaths represented about 31.6% of major NCD deaths (20.1–43.1) and 20.4% of all deaths (12.9–27.7) that occurred in 2018. Most of these preventable deaths were from cardiovascular diseases (11,474 deaths; 95% CI 7302–15,621), followed by cancer (5597 deaths; 95% CI 3560–7622) and respiratory disease (4906 deaths; 95% CI 3119–6684). A substantial burden of NCD deaths was attributable to high BMI in Chile. Policies and population-wide interventions are needed to reduce the burden of NCD due to high BMI in Chile.
- Published
- 2021
10. Assessment of Antimicrobial and Pesticide Residues in Food Products Sourced from Peasant Family Farming in Chile
- Author
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Ricardo Riquelme, Pilar Oviedo, Mario Maino, Marianela Quintrel, Francisco Lagos-Susaeta, Lisette Lapierre, Javiera Cornejo, and Luis Pablo Hervé-Claude
- Subjects
Farms ,Meat ,medicine.drug_class ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Macrolide Antibiotics ,Toxicology ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Vegetables ,medicine ,Animals ,Chile ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Sheep ,Pesticide residue ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Pesticide Residues ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Pesticide ,Antimicrobial ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fruit ,Cattle ,business ,Food Analysis ,Food Science ,Food contaminant ,Permethrin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial and pesticide residues in products sourced from peasant family farms selected from eight regions of Chile was determined. A total of 204 samples were analyzed from family farm products, including honey, lettuce, tomato, strawberry, raspberry, lamb meat, and cow's milk. Pesticide residues were found in 43 of 107 samples tested for them, but only 4 samples had concentrations that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by Chilean regulations. As for animal products, 2 of 15 cow's milk samples tested positive for permethrin residues; however, these concentrations did not exceed Chilean MRLs. No pesticide residues were detected in honey samples. As for antimicrobial drugs, 4 of 14 lamb meat samples and 11 of 79 cow's milk samples tested positive for different classes of antimicrobial residues, such as tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams. Among these, only three samples exceeded the MRLs for these matrices. Traces of tetracyclines and sulfonamides were detected in 7 of 29 honey samples. These findings show that these chemical contaminants are present in trace concentrations in foodstuffs produced by peasant family farms in Chile; however, most residues did not exceed the regulatory limits. This study is the first assessment of the presence of residues from antimicrobial drugs and pesticides in food products sourced from peasant family farms in Chile. Data about the current state of drug residues in this segment of food products provide a baseline for efforts to close possible gaps in current surveillance schemes.
- Published
- 2019
11. Assessing Antibiotic Residues in Poultry Eggs from Backyard Production Systems in Chile, First Approach to a Non-Addressed Issue in Farm Animals
- Author
-
Francisco Zamorano Figueroa, Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm, Javiera Cornejo, Ricardo Riquelme, Francisca Di Pillo, Pablo Galdames, Christopher Hamilton-West, and Ekaterina Pokrant
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Biosecurity ,Biology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,antimicrobials ,Toxicology ,lcsh:Zoology ,Screening method ,medicine ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Chile ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Brief Report ,Animal production ,Food safety ,Antimicrobial ,poultry eggs ,food safety ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,backyard poultry ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Simple Summary Eggs are a readily available and important food source for low income families that raise chicken in their households. It is therefore important to monitor if these products are safe for human consumption and contain no antibiotic residues that could lead to allergic reactions, intoxication, or antimicrobial resistance. However, little is known about the antimicrobial content of eggs consumed in rural households in Chile. Consequently, the aim of this study was to collect chicken eggs from rural households in the central region of Chile and screen them for antimicrobial activity. The results indicate that most collected eggs (73% of the 83 surveyed households), exhibited antimicrobial activity for at least one of the four tested antimicrobials. These results indicate that household members who consume these eggs are in danger of developing antibiotic-related illnesses and could contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, further studies are required to identify the exact compounds used to treat the chickens and to establish preventive measures to eradicate antimicrobial presence in their food supply. Abstract Eggs are the main product generated from backyard poultry production systems (BPS) because they can quickly be consumed and sold to meet essential family needs. Nevertheless, antimicrobial residues can accumulate in this product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial residues in eggs produced by poultry kept in BPS in central Chile. To assess this, eggs were obtained from 83 BPS and analysed to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues (families: tetracyclines, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and macrolides), using a Four-Plate Test screening method for the detection, based on a bacterial growth inhibition method. Results show a lack of biosecurity procedures at BPS level, making these systems susceptible to the dissemination of antimicrobial residues. These include intensive animal production units in the proximity, and the presence of shared watercourses with other farms. Furthermore, 66% of the surveyed owners are indicated as giving pharmacological treatments to their chickens. Eggs from 61 BPS were positive for at least one antimicrobial. Fifty-three BPS were positive for more than one antimicrobial, and one BPS was positive for all four antimicrobials tested. Consequently, there is a risk that poultry eggs produced in BPS in central Chile carry residues of different families of antimicrobials.
- Published
- 2020
12. Single-laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determining florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA) residues in chicken feathers and application to a residue-depletion study
- Author
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Ricardo Riquelme, Aldo Maddaleno, Cristóbal Briceño, Javiera Cornejo, C Araya‐Jordan, B. San Martín, and Ekaterina Pokrant
- Subjects
Florfenicol ,Analyte ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Metabolite ,Guidelines as Topic ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Acetone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Limit of Detection ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Animals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Thiamphenicol ,Detection limit ,Methylene Chloride ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Chromatography ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Broiler ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Feathers ,Reference Standards ,Drug Residues ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,0104 chemical sciences ,Standard curve ,Chloramphenicol ,chemistry ,Solvents ,Chickens ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Food Science - Abstract
A suitable analytical method is required to study the behaviour of florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in broiler’s feathers. An LC-MS/MS method was developed, assessed and intra-laboratory-validated for FF and FFA analyses. We chose cloramphenicol-d5 as an internal standard, acetone as a solvent for the extraction of the analytes and dichloromethane for the clean-up. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, we established a detection limit of 20 μg kg–1, as well as calculated quantification limits of 24.4 and 24.5 μg kg–1 for FF and FFA, respectively. Validation parameters such as linearity, recovery and precision were calculated following Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. For linearity, all standard curves showed a standard coefficient greater than 0.99. Recoveries ranged from 99% to 102% for all studied concentrations. The results show that this analytical method is precise and reliable. For the depletion study, 64 Ross 308 broilers were treated with a therapeutic dosage of 10% FF duri...
- Published
- 2016
13. Assessment of Three Antimicrobial Residue Concentrations in Broiler Chicken Droppings as a Potential Risk Factor for Public Health and Environment
- Author
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Aldo Maddaleno, Fernando Pérez, Constanza Avello, Javiera Cornejo, Ricardo Riquelme, Betty San Martín, Ekaterina Pokrant, and Karina Yévenes
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Florfenicol ,Chlortetracycline ,florfenicol ,medicine.drug_class ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Excretion ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Feces ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,medicine ,antimicrobial residues ,Animals ,Food science ,chlortetracycline ,LC-MS/MS ,chicken droppings ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Residue (complex analysis) ,sulfachloropyridazine ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Broiler ,Reproducibility of Results ,Poultry farming ,Antimicrobial ,Drug Residues ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,030104 developmental biology ,Environmental Pollutants ,business ,Amphenicols ,Chickens ,medicine.drug ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Tetracyclines, sulfonamides and amphenicols are broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs that are widely used in poultry farming. However, a high proportion of these drugs can be excreted at high concentrations in droppings, even after the end of a therapy course. This work intended to assess and compare concentrations of florfenicol (FF), florfenicol amine (FFa), chlortetracycline (CTC), 4-epi-chlortetracycline (4-epi-CTC), and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) in broiler chicken droppings. To this end, 70 chickens were housed under controlled environmental conditions, and assigned to experimental groups that were treated with therapeutic doses of either 10% FF, 20% CTC, or 10% SCP. Consequently, we implemented and designed an in-house validation for three analytical methodologies, which allowed us to quantify the concentrations of these three antimicrobial drugs using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our results showed that FF and FFa concentrations were detected in chicken droppings up to day 10 after ceasing treatment, while CTC and 4-epi-CTC were detected up to day 25. As for SCP residues, these were detected up to day 21. Noticeably, CTC showed the longest excretion period, as well as the highest concentrations detected after the end of its administration using therapeutic doses.
- Published
- 2018
14. Residue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Broiler Chicken Claws and a Comparison of Their Concentrations in Edible Tissues Using LC–MS/MS
- Author
-
Javiera Cornejo, Betty San Martín, Ekaterina Pokrant, Ricardo Riquelme, and Aldo Maddaleno
- Subjects
Florfenicol ,florfenicol ,muscle ,Pharmaceutical Science ,chicken claws ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,media_common ,Chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Reference Standards ,Thiamphenicol ,040401 food science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Organ Specificity ,Molecular Medicine ,medicine.drug ,Muscle tissue ,Analyte ,animal structures ,Meat ,liver ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,LC–MS/MS ,medicine ,antimicrobial residues ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,European union ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Broiler ,Reproducibility of Results ,0104 chemical sciences ,body regions ,florfenicol amine ,Chickens ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Antimicrobial residues might persist in products and by-products destined for human or animal consumption. Studies exploring the depletion behavior of florfenicol residues in broiler chicken claws are scarce, even though claws can enter the food chain directly or indirectly. Hence, this study intended to assess the concentrations of florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA)&mdash, its active metabolite&mdash, in chicken claws from birds that were treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. Furthermore, concentrations of these analytes in this matrix were compared with their concentrations in edible tissues at each sampling point. A group of 70 broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions and used to assess residue depletion. Sampling points were on days 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 after ceasing treatment, thus extending beyond the withdrawal period established for muscle tissue (30 days). Analytes were extracted using HPLC-grade water and acetone, and dichloromethane was used for the clean-up stage. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy detection (LC&ndash, MS/MS) was used to detect and quantify the analytes. The analytical methodology developed in this study was validated in-house and based on the recommendations described in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC from the European Union. Analyte concentrations were calculated by linear regression analysis of calibration curves that were fortified using an internal standard of chloramphenicol-d5 (CAF-d5). The depletion time of FF and FFA was set at 74 days in claws, based on a 95% confidence level and using the limit of detection (LOD) as the cut-off point. Our findings show that FF and FFA can be found in chicken claws at higher concentrations than in muscle and liver samples at each sampling point.
- Published
- 2018
15. The Adoption of Good Practices for Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs Use among Peasant Family Farmers of Chile
- Author
-
Ricardo Riquelme, Mario Maino, Andrea Baeza Villarroe, Lisette Lapierre, Francisco Lagos Susaeta, Marianela Quintrel, Pilar Oviedo, Javiera Cornejo, and Luis Pablo Hervé-Claude
- Subjects
peasant family farmers ,Index (economics) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,innovation adoption index ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Agricultural science ,innovation adoption rate ,Veterinary drug ,good practices ,Data collection ,business.industry ,lcsh:S ,021107 urban & regional planning ,pesticides ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Food safety ,veterinary drugs ,Peasant ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Global Positioning System ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Survey data collection ,chemical residues in food ,Rural area ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Improvements and good practices (GPs) in rural environments are often developed by peasants themselves and shared among trust-based networks. The level of adoption of GPs by peasant family farmers (PFF) has been poorly studied. This paper describes the performance and results of the innovation adoption index (InAI) and rate (InAR) which were used to estimate the adoption of GPs for pesticide and veterinary drug use by PFF from eight different regions of Chile. Surveys were conducted among 257 farmers to find out about the adoption (yes/no) of a set of GPs in the adequate handling, use and storage of these chemical products, as well as some identifying information. The farmers in this study are producers of berries, dairy cows, honey and vegetables. The results of the survey showed an average of 57.33% GPs were adopted by farmers. Group averages of 55.23%&ndash, 61.32% were observed in the numbers of practices adopted by farmers. This survey data collection was part of a wider study intended to design a national plan to reduce chemical residues in food produced by PFF in Chile, with a focus on organizing practical workshops with extension officers and farmers.
- Published
- 2018
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