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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed to monitor intrinsic capacity (IC) in the older population as a public health strategy through the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program. Although the program has been developed based on solid concepts, scientific evidence on its practical applicability is still scarce. Objectives: To evaluate IC in Brazilian older adults, its progress over time, and its association with sociodemographic and health factors and outcomes. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the WHO/ICOPE screening tool. Methods: This is a prospective multicenter cohort study with a 36-month follow-up. We will recruit 3838 people aged ≥ 60 years, registered in the health care units included in the study by the participating centers. We will collect sociodemographic and health data and will administer tools to assess IC domains, both those provided for in the ICOPE screening tool and the sequence of confirmatory assessments provided for in the program. Participants will be reassessed every 6 months for 36 months. Expected results: To establish the profile of IC in the study population and to understand its progress and the variables associated with the clinical outcomes of interest. To reveal the diagnostic and psychometric properties of the WHO/ICOPE screening tool. The project is funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Relevance: Understanding the potential use of the ICOPE public health strategy proposed by the WHO within the scope of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) by integrating several research centers in the field of Geriatrics and Gerontology throughout Brazil.

Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most frequently reported in staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that are seen as promising alternatives to antibodies in several areas, including diagnostics. In this work, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select DNA aptamers against SEA. The SELEX protocol employed magnetic beads as an immobilization matrix for the target molecule and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for monitoring and optimizing sequence enrichment. After 10 selection cycles, the ssDNA pool with the highest affinity was sequenced by next generation sequencing (NGS). Approximately 3 million aptamer candidates were identified, and the most representative cluster sequences were selected for further characterization. The aptamer with the highest affinity showed an experimental dissociation constant (KD) of 13.36 ± 18.62 nM. Increased temperature negatively affected the affinity of the aptamer for the target. Application of the selected aptamers in a lateral flow assay demonstrated their functionality in detecting samples containing 100 ng SEA, the minimum amount capable of causing food poisoning. Overall, the applicability of DNA aptamers in SEA recognition was demonstrated and characterized under different conditions, paving the way for the development of diagnostic tools.

Background Concussion and the damage resulting from this event related to brain function have been widely studied; however, little is known about subconcussive impacts, especially in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters, which is a combat and full contact sport in which most blows are aimed at the head. Objective This study aims to evaluate the biomarker levels associated with subconcussive hits to the head in MMA fighters. Methods This is an exploratory study in which 30 male subjects (10 MMA fighters, 10 healthy individuals who practice muscle training, and 10 healthy sedentary individuals) aged between 18 and 32 years (25.4 ± 3.8) were evaluated. These individuals underwent blood collection to assess their Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels before, immediately after and 72 hours after the sparring session (for the fighters) and were compared between groups. Results Significant differences were found at baseline between active and healthy fighters in BDNF levels (p = 0.03). A significant reduction of BDNF levels were also observed between the post-immediate and 72h after the sparring session (p = 0.03). No differences were observed in the number or severity of symptoms reported by the fighters. Conclusion Despite the exploratory approach, the findings of this study may help to understand the influence of repeated subconcussive hits to the head in MMA fighters, as well as to propose preventive interventions which can minimize the effects of the impact of hits, preserving fighters’ neuronal integrity and function.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the major bacterial cause of diarrheal diseases in pigs, particularly at young ages, resulting in significant costs to swine farming. The pathogenicity of ETEC is largely dependent on the presence of fimbriae and the ability to produce toxins. Fimbriae are responsible for their initial adhesion to the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to the onset of infection. In particular, the F4 type (K88) fimbriae are often attributed to neonatal infections and have also been associated with post-weaning diarrheal infections. This disease is traditionally prevented or treated with antibiotics, but their use is being severely restricted due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and their impact on human health. Emerging approaches such as aptamers that target the F4-type fimbriae and block the initial ETEC adhesion are a promising alternative. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of two aptamers, Apt31 and Apt37, in controlling ETEC infection in the G. mellonella in vivo model. Initially, the dissociation constant (KD) of each aptamer against ETEC was established using real-time quantitative PCR methodology. Subsequently, different concentrations of the aptamers were injected into Galleria mellonella to study their toxicity. Afterwards, the anti-ETEC potential of Apt31 and Apt37 was assessed in the larvae model. The determined KD was 81.79 nM (95% CI: 31.21–199.4 nM) and 50.71 nM (95% CI: 26.52–96.15 nM) for the Apt31 and Apt37, respectively, showing no statistical difference. No toxicity was observed in G. mellonella following injection with both aptamers at any concentration. However, the administration of Apt31 together with ETEC-F4+ in G. mellonella resulted in a significant improvement of approximately 30% in both larvae survival and health index compared to ETEC-F4+ alone. These findings suggest that aptamers have promising inhibitory effect against ETEC infections and pave the way for additional in vivo studies.

A Nouvelle Vague é um dos movimentos cinematográficos mais influentes do século XX. Afastando-se do surrealismo, os filmes da Nouvelle Vague francesa procuraram abraçar temas socialmente relevantes. Jean-Luc Godard surgiu como uma figura importante desse movimento devido à sua abordagem experimental ao cinema, evidente em obras como À Bout de Souffle (1960) e Le Mépris (1963), tendo atingido o ápice com Alphaville (1965), seu trabalho mais famoso. Este artigo investiga o processo criativo experimental e errante de Godard na concepção de Alphaville, explorando a operação poética da criação godardiana e estabelecendo um diálogo entre várias fontes de inspiração.

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic microorganism that causes listeriosis, an infection that usually occurs after consumption of contaminated food and is considered particularly dangerous due to its ability to grow and multiply under adverse conditions. In recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of unprocessed products, such as raw milk and dairy products, by people of all ages, including those with compromised immune systems, which could lead to an increase in foodborne illness. Ruminants play a very important role in the persistence and transmission of L. monocytogenes through a continuous oral-faecal cycle. Therefore, farms are considered a reservoir of this microorganism and are involved in the transmission from animals to humans. In this study, samples of faeces, milk, water, silage, feed and teat cups swabs were collected from 8 farms to assess the distribution of the pathogen in the farm environment. Milk samples were also collected from 100 dairy farms to assess the risk associated with the consumption of raw milk. Detection was performed by real-time PCR, while preparation, enrichment and confirmation were performed according to ISO 11290–1, (2017). The prevalence in water was 8.3%, in faeces 12.5% and in feed 12.0%, while in the other samples the microorganism was not detected. It was also observed that this microorganism was more abundant in spring months. The eight isolates were serotyped by real-time PCR and the most frequent serogroup was IVb with 5 isolates (2 of which were IVb-v1) and the remaining 3 were IIb. Two of the clonal complexes (CCs) identified were shared by two isolates (CC 213 and CC 217), the remaining CCs identified (CC 392, CC 554, CC 489, CC 224 and CC 183) were not identified in more than one isolate. This study contributed to a better understanding of the ecology of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms, showing that most of the clones found in food were not present in this environment and that genes coding for disinfectants and heavy metals were not detected.

The paper demonstrates the transmission of variable bit rates NRZ streams over different lengths of perfluorinated graded-index plastic optical fiber GI-POF at wavelengths of 1550 and 1310 nm. Specifically, at $\lambda$ = 1550 nm, 16, 14 and 12 Gbps of NRZ transmissions are demonstrated for 50 m GI-POF. Furthermore, at $\lambda$ = 1310 nm, 10 and 8 Gbps NRZ transmissions are demonstrated for distances of 50, 100 and 200 m. The performance is evaluated for realized transmissions in terms of received bit-error rate versus transmitted optical power and is compared to back to back performance.

Abstract Among several complications related to physiotherapy, osteosarcopenia is one of the most frequent in elderly patients. This condition is limiting and quite harmful to the patient’s health by disabling several basic musculoskeletal activities. Currently, the test to identify this health condition is complex. In this study, we use mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques to identify osteosarcopenia based on blood serum samples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-infrared spectroscopy power to detect osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older women (n = 62, 30 from patients with osteosarcopenia and 32 healthy controls). Feature reduction and selection techniques were employed in conjunction with discriminant analysis, where a principal component analysis with support vector machines (PCA–SVM) model achieved 89% accuracy to distinguish the samples from patients with osteosarcopenia. This study shows the potential of using infrared spectroscopy of blood samples to identify osteosarcopenia in a simple, fast and objective way.

O artigo promove uma análise dos projetos de educação jurídica popular brasileiros, perpassando pela caracterização, histórico, crescimento e tratativa de tais experiências por pesquisas/publicações acadêmicas. Objetivou-se verificar os principais elementos do movimento de educação jurídica popular, refletindo-se acerca da sua expansão no Brasil. A pesquisa utilizou metodologia qualitativa, com uso de raciocínio dialético, abarcando os recursos histórico, bibliográfico e documental. Promoveu-se a compilação e a análise das publicações acadêmicas sobre educação jurídica popular existentes no Brasil, no período de 1990 a 2022. Foram coletadas 53 publicações científicas ao total, delimitando-se a análise ao conteúdo das 30 dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado encontradas. Como resultado, conclui-se que há um vigoroso crescimento dos projetos de educação jurídica popular no país, com o consequente aumento de estudos das referidas práticas nas Universidades.

O podcast Entropia Sonora foi desenvolvido como um projeto de extensão da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Campus Cornélio Procópio, no período de 2017 a 2019, com o intuito de desenvolver atividades de divulgação científica, visando uma melhoria na qualidade da educação da população em geral. Discutiram-se vários temas de física em formato de programas de podcast descontraídos, mesclando informação e músicas progressivas, intelectualmente estimulantes. Temas complementares das disciplinas de física foram apresentados numa linguagem moderna e num ambiente culturalmente dinâmico, buscando estimular a curiosidade científica dos estudantes e do público interessado em geral. Especialistas convidados discutiram temas específicos e tanto professores do Campus Cornélio Procópio como de outras instituições foram entrevistados, aproximando as comunidades interna e externa da produção científica e cultural da UTFPR. Discutiram-se obras de ficção científica existentes e outras pequenas histórias originais do gênero que dialogassem com os conceitos de física foram criadas, para estimular a imaginação dos ouvintes e a reflexão sobre o avanço da ciência.

The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.

O presente artigo é síntese do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - TCC apresentado no Curso de História de Nova Andradina/MS no início de 2022. Com essa pesquisa, investigamos uma faceta pouco conhecida na história de Nova Andradina/MS: a presença de pessoas ateias e agnósticas. A partir da metodologia da história oral, procuramos analisar a identificação dos entrevistados no campo da descrença religiosa e como isso impacta as interações sociais em um município que possui uma história entrelaçada com o elemento religioso. O que verificamos mediante essa pesquisa é que existe uma série de dificuldades (familiar, social, laboral) para as pessoas se identificarem publicamente como ateias e agnósticas, resultando na ideia de que ateísmo e agnosticismo seriam inexistentes no município.

Aims: To summarise the evidence on barriers to and facilitators of population adherence to prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases. Methods: A qualitative synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from their inception to March 2023. Results: We included 71 studies regarding COVID-19, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, pertussis and H1N1, representing 5966 participants. The measures reported were vaccinations, physical distancing, stay-at-home policy, quarantine, self-isolation, facemasks, hand hygiene, contact investigation, lockdown, infection prevention and control guidelines, and treatment. Tuberculosis-related measures were access to care, diagnosis and treatment completion. Analysis of the included studies yielded 37 barriers and 23 facilitators. Conclusions: This review suggests that financial and social support, assertive communication, trust in political authorities and greater regulation of social media enhance adherence to prevention and control measures for COVID-19 and infectious respiratory diseases. Designing and implementing effective educational public health interventions targeting the findings of barriers and facilitators highlighted in this review are key to reducing the impact of infectious respiratory diseases at the population level.

Background: Hypertension awareness and control are understudied among older adults in middle-income countries, with limited work contextualizing awareness and control across layers of influence (individual to the community). Research on hypertension in Latin America is acknowledged as insufficient. Objectives: This study applies the socioecological model (SEM) to examine individual, interpersonal, institutional, and community factors related to hypertension awareness and control in older adults residing in Brazil and Colombia. It identifies groups of older adults more likely to be unaware of their condition and/or to have challenges achieving hypertension control. Methods: We analyzed International Mobility in Aging Study data of 803 community-dwelling adults 65–74 years from study sites in the two most populous countries in South America. The study framework was the socioecological model. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with hypertension awareness and control. Conclusions: Hypertension was prevalent in both samples (>70%), and awareness was high (>80%). Blood pressure control among diagnosed respondents was low: 30% in Brazil and 51% in Colombia. Factors across the socioecological model were associated with awareness and control, with notable differences across countries. Those with diabetes (OR 4.19, 95%CI 1.64–10.71) and insufficient incomes (OR: 1.85, 95%CI 1.03–3.31) were more likely to be aware of their hypertension. In Colombia, those reporting no community activity engagement were less likely to be aware compared to those reporting community activities. In Brazil, it was the opposite. Women (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.12–2.46) and those reporting strolling shops and stores (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09–3.00) were significantly more likely to have their hypertension under control. In Brazil, those 70–75 were significantly less likely to have their hypertension under control compared to their younger counterparts. In Colombia, this was not observed. This paper highlights the importance of theory-based studies within unique Latin American contexts on hypertension and suggests novel opportunities for intervention.

The authors present a theoretical overview of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the central monoaminergic systems, focusing on a putative pathophysiological relationship to insomnia complaints. Insomnia is an independent and self-perpetuating disorder that requires diagnostic and therapeutic attention in the presence of concomitant disorders, likely with bidirectional influence. An adequate understanding of such mechanisms can help for a better understanding of the interplay between clinical features, neurotransmitters, and the adrenal hypothalamic-pituitary axis may help clinicians to better manage insomnia patients

Background: Levodopa is the gold standard of treatment for Parkinson’s disease, but wearing off leads to motor fluctuations in most patients. Therapeutic strategy for motor fluctuation management relies heavily on physician judgement; however, real-world insight into physician attitudes towards detection and treatment of motor fluctuations is lacking. Methods: Multinational qualitative online surveys were conducted among general neurologists and movement disorder specialists treating patients with Parkinson’s disease in the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal in July 2020 (Wave 1) and September 2021 (Wave 2). The Perceptions and Attitudes questionnaire focused on attitudes towards detection and management of motor fluctuations by rating agreement with statements on a 7-point scale. The Treatment Landscape questionnaire involved completion of patient case reports (PCRs) for the four most recently treated patients with motor fluctuations. Results: Respondents agreed that motor fluctuations place a heavy burden on patients (82%/85% in Wave1/2, respectively) and are underdiagnosed (64%/72%), but most do not routinely use screening tools known to increase their detection. Just 3% of neurologists agreed completely with being confident in fully resolving motor fluctuations to their patient’s satisfaction. In contrast with the current evidence, most physicians perceive duration of levodopa treatment as a predictor of motor complications (72%/77%). Fractionating levodopa was the preferred first therapeutic strategy for motor fluctuation management versus adding an adjunct treatment. PCRs revealed that specialist neurologists used adjunct therapy more frequently than general neurologists, either as a first approach (31% versus 15%, respectively) or secondary to levodopa fractionating (62% versus 45%). Conclusions: These surveys uncovered knowledge gaps around the predictors of motor fluctuations which could be addressed by future educational initiatives. Earlier detection of motor fluctuations and greater use of available adjunct treatments may help to reduce their burden in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Abstract Background Bees are the most important group of pollinators worldwide and their populations are declining. In natural conditions, Apis mellifera depends exclusively on food from the field to meet its physiological demands. In the period of scarcity, available resources are insufficient and artificial supplementation becomes essential for maintaining the levels of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals of colonies. Among these minerals, zinc is essential in all living systems, particularly for the regulation of cell division and protein synthesis, and is a component of more than 200 metalloenzymes. Results The total RNA extracted from the brain tissue of nurse bees exposed to different sources and concentrations of zinc was sequenced. A total of 1,172 genes in the treatment that received an inorganic source of zinc and 502 genes that received an organic source of zinc were found to be differentially expressed among the control group. Gene ontology enrichment showed that zinc can modulate important biological processes such as nutrient metabolism and the molting process. Conclusions Our results indicate that zinc supplementation modulates the expression of many differentially expressed genes and plays an important role in the development of Apis mellifera bees. All the information obtained in this study can contribute to future research in the field of bee nutrigenomics.

O presente artigo pretende descortinar o cenário do tratamento jurídico ao aborto no Brasil à luz do direito da mulher à autodeterminação. A pesquisa tem como objetivo central revelar o cenário do tratamento jurídico dado ao aborto no Brasil à luz do direito da mulher à autodeterminação. O trabalho será abordado a partir das metodologias hipotético-dedutiva e dialética, mediante as técnicas comparativa, histórica, estatística e monográfica, por meio dos métodos bibliográfico, documental, tendo como fonte de análise precípua um estudo de caso sobre as decisões mais recentes proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em relação à problemática da interrupção da gravidez. Como resultados, o presente trabalho identificou certo avanço no debate acerca dos direitos da mulher nos cenários social e jurídico, embora estes não tenham sido suficientes para amparar o direito à interrupção da gestação da mulher no primeiro trimestre de gestação de forma definitiva. O trabalho conclui que o panorama sóciojurídico brasileiro ainda está permeado por visões conservadoras, que precisam ser devidamente combatidas para que haja a efetiva conquista feminina de ampliação das hipóteses do aborto legal.

Estrutura de comunidades de árvores em florestas tropicais depende de filtros ambientais e interações abióticas, como competição e facilitação. Muitas florestas de ecótono no norte da Amazônia são intrigantemente povoadas por assembleias de árvores, caracterizadas por abundâncias distintas de uma única espécie, Peltogyne gracilipes (Leguminosae). Não está claro se este padrão isoladamente reflete filtros ambientais ou também interações antagônicas entre espécies com requisitos de habitats semelhantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a resposta da riqueza e composição de espécies aos filtros ambientais, analisando o papel de P. gracilipes na estruturação de comunidades arbóreas em áreas de floresta de ecótono do norte da Amazônia brasileira. Amostramos 129 parcelas permanentes ao longo de um gradiente hidro-edáfico. Todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro do caule ≥ 10 cm foram medidos e identificados. Regressões múltiplas foram realizadas para testar os efeitos dos filtros ambientais, e da abundância de P. gracilipes na riqueza e composição das árvores. Riqueza e composição de espécies responderam aos mesmos filtros, os quais, por sua vez, afetaram a composição das espécies direta e indiretamente, por meio da abundância de P. gracilipes. Nossos resultados indicam que tanto os filtros abióticos quanto as interações bióticas moldam as comunidades arbóreas estudadas. P. gracilipes pode ser considerada uma espécie indicadora de condições hidroedáficas, mas também é ela própria uma impulsionadora da estrutura da comunidade arbórea.

Enteric colibacillosis is a common disease in nursing and weanling pigs. It is caused by the colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) that make use of specific fimbria or pili to adhere to the absorptive epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum. Once attached, and when both the immunological systems and the gut microbiota are poorly developed, ETEC produce one or more enterotoxins that can have local and, further on, systemic effects. These enterotoxins cause fluid and electrolytes to be secreted into the intestinal lumen of animals, which results in diarrhea, dehydration, and acidosis. From the diversity of control strategies, antibiotics and zinc oxide are the ones that have contributed more significantly to mitigating post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) economic losses. However, concerns about antibiotic resistance determined the restriction on the use of critically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals and the prohibition of their use as growth promoters. As such, it is important now to begin the transition from these preventive/control measures to other, more sustainable, approaches. This review provides a quick synopsis of the currently approved and available therapies for PWD treatment while presenting an overview of novel antimicrobial strategies that are being explored for the control and treatment of this infection, including, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, bacteriophages, spray-dried plasma, antibodies, phytogenic substances, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers.

A feminilidade é imposta a mulher mesmo antes do seu nascimento. Em contrapartida, corpos lidos como homens devem exercer a masculinidade como um troféu. Aos que se afastam desse clã, recai sobre eles o julgo da violência machista em condenar tal corpo por borrar as normas tidas como padrões. Romper as regras representa infringir as leis e, consequentemente, estar sujeito a punições: exclusões, rechaços e até mesmo à morte, afinal, um corpo masculino afeminado é diretamente ligado à orientação sexual gay. Mais que isso, não se trata apenas de ser gay, mas um gay passivo, aquele que, no binarismo capitalista, assume o lugar do corpo entendido como mulher. Desse modo, buscamos discutir as relações de repulsa para com a feminilidade, sobretudo quando essa feminilidade opera em corpos lidos como masculinos. Com esse objetivo, primeiro, dissertamos, brevemente, sobre as relações ideológicas e discursivas. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em Orlandi (2015; 2017) e em Pêcheux (2015). Ademais, aprofundamos as discussões sobre gestos, corpos afeminados e sexualidade humana, tendo como referências Murillo Nonato (2020), Javier Sáez e Sejo Carrascosa (2016), Jean-Claude Schmitt (1987), Judith Butler (2015), Paul Preciado (2014; 2018), dentre outros.

Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) straw has been identified as a valuable asset for bioenergy production, but it is also a primary carbon input for sustaining soil resources. Therefore, excessive removal of this crop residue can potentially decrease soil organic carbon (SOC) and have negative environmental consequences. Most crop residue management studies focus on site‐specific responses which are important, but do not provide comprehensive assessments across the multiple edaphoclimatic conditions needed by decision makers to guide sustainable sugarcane straw management. Temporal modifications in SOC stocks induced by straw removal were quantified in 10 field experiments located in south‐central of Brazil. Each field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, including four straw removal rates: total (TR), high (HR), low (LR) and no removal (NR). Soil sampling was performed to a 30 cm depth at the trial establishment (baseline) and after 2 and 4 consecutive years of straw removal. The data indicate that about 19% and 25% of the C added via straw were retained in areas of sandy and clay soils, respectively, and show that excessive removal rates depleted SOC stocks across the evaluated sites. Furthermore, regardless of removal rate, maintenance of straw on sandy soils was not sufficient to sustain SOC stocks, which were depleted by 2.3, 1.9, 1.5, and 1.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 for the TR, HR, LR, and NR. Our measured data provide scientific information to support policy and management decisions for straw‐derived bioenergy in Brazil. They also suggest straw removal from clay soils will be less deleterious to SOC stocks than from sandy soils, where removal should be avoided.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar o perfil de mobilidade nos espaços de vida em idosos que vivem na comunidade e estabelecer a precisão dos pontos de corte desse instrumento para discriminar entre níveis de fragilidade, fragilidade em marcha e de risco de sarcopenia. Método Estudo observacional e metodológico com 391 participantes com 72 anos e mais (80,4±4,6), que responderam ao Life Space Assessment (LSA) e a medidas de rastreio de fragilidade e risco de sarcopenia usando respectivamente o fenótipo de fragilidade e o SARC-F. Os pontos de corte para fragilidade e risco de sarcopenia foram determinados por meio da Curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A média da pontuação no LSA foi 53,6±21,8. Os pontos de corte de melhor acurácia diagnóstica foram ≤54 pontos para fragilidade em marcha (AUC= 0,645 95%; p

Nas últimas décadas, a América Latina tem se deparado com modificações jurídicas de significativo porte em suas Cartas Políticas, no que tange ao reconhecimento dos direitos indígenas. O novo constitucionalismo latino-americano, pautado pela afirmação de nações multiculturais dentro do Estado, detém estreita relação com este processo de transição. No entanto, as estruturas internas de poder permanecem vigentes, o que impede a consecução desses novos direitos reconhecidos. A atuação dos movimentos indígenas frente a instituições estatais nacionais e dentro dos organismos internacionais utilizando o discurso dos direitos humanos se revela como profícuo caminho para avançar em direção à efetivação dos direitos historicamente negados.

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo acerca do panorama social de opressão que a as pessoas transgêneras enfrentam na sociedade pátria. A trajetória histórica de preconceito e de discriminação perpassa não somente pela ação da sociedade, mas igualmente pelo Estado brasileiro. No caminho da superação destes entraves sociais, analisa-se a decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 4.275/DF, na qual foi reconhecido o direito de alteração do nome e do sexo nos registros públicos das pessoas transgêneras sem a necessidade da realização da cirurgia de redesignação sexual e de decisão judicial. Mediante as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, comparativa, histórica e entrevista, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir dos métodos indutivo e dialético, o referido estudo de caso avalia os possíveis avanços da referida decisão no cenário de subalternização das pessoas transgêneras no Brasil.

Swine pathogenic infection caused by Escherichia coli, known as swine colibacillosis, represents an epidemiological challenge not only for animal husbandry but also for health authorities. To note, virulent E. coli strains might be transmitted, and also cause disease, in humans. In the last decades, diverse successful multidrug-resistant strains have been detected, mainly due to the growing selective pressure of antibiotic use, in which animal practices have played a relevant role. In fact, according to the different features and particular virulence factor combination, there are four different pathotypes of E. coli that can cause illness in swine: enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that comprises edema disease E. coli (EDEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nevertheless, the most relevant pathotype in a colibacillosis scenario is ETEC, responsible for neonatal and postweaning diarrhea (PWD), in which some ETEC strains present enhanced fitness and pathogenicity. To explore the distribution of pathogenic ETEC in swine farms and their diversity, resistance, and virulence profiles, this review summarizes the most relevant works on these subjects over the past 10 years and discusses the importance of these bacteria as zoonotic agents.

This work presents the emergence and meaning of the “public atheism” and the “philosophical agnosticism” of the Englishman Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) from the texts he produced particularly in the 1890s and 1920s. To achieve this goal, I chose to highlight in the article: 1) the historiographical debate about the identification of the author as an atheist and agnostic; 2) the origins of his religious disbelief in the English philosophical scene of the 1890s and the criticisms he directed to religious doctrines and institutions in the 1920s; 3) assessments of the British thinker's atheism and agnosticism. Based on these points, I hope to highlight the contribution of this philosopher to the history of ideas about atheism and agnosticism.

Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins are a serious public health concern associated with hospital and community-acquired illnesses. Dairy animals frequently shed S. aureus into the milk supply which can lead to food poisoning in humans. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of S. aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw milk from the main dairy region of mainland Portugal. S. aureus was found in 53.0% (95% CI: 40.6–65.4%) of 100 raw cow’s milk samples collected from bulk cooling tanks. The highest contamination level was 3.4 log10 CFU.mL–1, and in some samples more than one S. aureus strain was identified. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA-SEE) were detected in one sample. Spa typing revealed 62 distinct S. aureus isolates, being t529 (17.7%, 95% CI: 8.2–27.3%) and t1403 (16.1%, 95% CI: 7.0–25.3%) the predominant types, commonly associated with livestock infection or carriage. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 35.5% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, with resistance to penicillin being the highest (32.3%, 95% CI: 20.6–43.9%) followed by tetracycline (24.2%, 95% CI: 13.5–34.9%), ciprofloxacin (16.1%, 95% CI: 7.0–25.3%) and chloramphenicol (16.1%, 95% CI: 7.0–25.3%). Moreover, five isolates (8.1%, 95% CI: 1.3–14.8%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, cefoxitin resistant). Regarding virulence/resistance genes, 46,8% (95% CI: 34.4–59.2%) isolates harbored at least one enterotoxin-encoding gene, and the seg gene was the most frequently detected (41.9%, 95% CI: 29.7–54.2%) followed by the sei (40.3%, 95% CI: 28.1–52.5%), sec (6.5%, 95% CI: 0.3–12.6%), seh (4.8%, 95% CI: 0.0–10.2%), and sea (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.0–4.7%) genes. Five (8.1%, 95% CI: 1.3–14.8%) non-enterotoxigenic isolates carried the mecA gene (corresponding to isolates phenotypically classified as MRSA), and 4.8% (95% CI: 0.0–10.2%) enterotoxigenic strains also had the tsst-1 gene. Our study confirm that raw milk can be a zoonotic source of S. aureus, including enterotoxigenic and MRSA strains. Furthermore, the majority of enterotoxigenic isolates were found to contain genes encoding SEs (SEG, SEH and SEI) not routinely screened. This shows the need for a broader SE screening in food safety control, as well as the relevance of risk mitigation measures to control S. aureus transmission along the food chain in Portugal.

The use of bismuth (Bi) in aluminum (Al) industries is recognized as prime importance because of possible recycling as alloying element in special applications such as those enhancing machinability. The effects of Bi interaction on solidification progress as well as on the resulting microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, i.e. the morphology and size of Si crystals are rare information. As such, the present research work investigates the characteristic parameters of eutectic and primary Si with addition of Bi for both ternary Al-15 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi and Al-18 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi alloys samples directionally solidified (DS) under various cooling rates. The alloy containing 15 wt.%Si showed that Bi acts in the suppression of the growth of primary Si crystals for samples solidified at cooling rates ranging from 2.0 to 31 K/s. For lower rates, a minor fraction of five-fold branched Si was recognized in transverse specimens. A mixture of globular-fibrous eutectic Si is shown to occur for eutectic cooling rates higher than 5 K/s. The Al-18 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi alloy is characterized by a mixed structure of eutectic flaky Si and primary angular Si with intersecting spines at nearly 90º all over the entire range of experimental cooling rates (i.e., from 0.4 to 40 K/s). Despite the intricacy of the formed microstructures, it was possible to establish relationships between tensile properties and eutectic Si spacing in order to compare the properties between the tested alloys. Tensile strength and elongation decrease with increasing alloy Si content.

This paper aimed to present the importance of Work and the solidarity economy in the process of forming the identity of the Florestan Fernandes Settlement, located in the Canindé de São Francisco, in the State of Sergipe. Oral history was used as a research method to understand the work carried out with the young people of the settlement, aiming to develop initiatives of creative and solidary economy, and the importance of this work for the strengthening of the collective identity of the settlement and for the construction of the protagonism of the settlers. young people based in the community and conducting their own history. The article aims to contribute to demonstrate the importance of oral history as a method of research in history and to reaffirm the social importance of settlements as alternative spaces of organization and resistance.

Periodontal disease (PD) is a global public health problem with prevalence varying according to social and economic contexts; however, few studies have investigated the distribution of PD worldwide. PD is the host response to an infection or progression of a clinical condition, and the identification of modifiable risk factors for adequate clinical management of patients should be a priority in health policies directed to vulnerable population groups. In this context, we investigated the characteristics and risk factors for PD using the Brazilian National Health Survey 2013 (PNS-2013). A cluster analysis using the interdependence technique was applied to explore data on the risk of periodontitis. The presence or absence of a risk factor was analyzed using five variables (ten categories), while ordinal regression assessed risk profiles based on sociodemographic aspects of the Brazilian population. Individuals were classified as low (26.33%), medium (23.34%), or high risk (50.32%) for PD. Age, educational level, ethnicity, and Brazilian regions (except the North region) were significantly associated with risk for PD in the adjusted final regression model. Individual and social contexts were factors related to the high risk of PD in the Brazilian population. Our results highlight the need for public policies on healthy habits to prevent systemic diseases affecting oral health.

Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive condition. A defect on the copper carrier protein ATP7B prevents the excretion of copper, which then accumulates in several organs. The prognosis of Wilson's disease is favourable if the diagnosis is made early. The Leipzig criteria standardized phenotypic classification and diagnostic criteria, thus simplifying the diagnostic approach. A search for ATP7B mutations is not necessary for diagnostic purposes and studies of genotype–phenotype correlation have not produced any conclusive evidence so far. More information is needed to reliably assess the prognosis for each patient. Here we describe a young patient with a combination of two mutational variants: c.3402del and c.3061-12T>A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this compound heterozygote genotype.

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides, formerly evolved by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX), that fold into functional three-dimensional structures. Such conformation is crucial for aptamers’ ability to bind to a target with high affinity and specificity. Unnatural nucleotides have been used to develop nucleic acid mimic (NAM) aptamers with increased performance, such as biological stability. Prior knowledge of aptamer-target interactions is critical for applying post-SELEX modifications with unnatural nucleotides since it can affect aptamers’ structure and performance. Here, we describe an easy-to-apply in silico workflow using free available software / web servers to predict the tertiary conformation of NAM, DNA and RNA aptamers, as well as the docking with the target molecule. Representative 2ʹ-O-methyl (2ʹOMe), locked nucleic acid (LNA), DNA and RNA aptamers, with experimental data deposited in Protein Data Bank, were selected to validate the workflow. All aptamers’ tertiary structure and docking models were successfully predicted with good structural similarity to the experimental data. Thus, this workflow will boost the development of aptamers, particularly NAM aptamers, by assisting in the rational modification of specific nucleotides and avoiding trial-and-error approaches.

O presente artigo aborda a concepção evolucionista desenvolvida pelo naturalista inglês Charles Darwin (1809-1882) sobre o mundo natural em A origem das espécies (1859) e sobre o ser humano em A origem do homem e a seleção sexual (1871). Antes disso, faz-se uma discussão em torno da relação de Darwin com o ateísmo, uma vez que suas ideias representaram uma fratura na cosmovisão judaico-cristã cultivada na história do Ocidente, e sua figura se tornou um referencial no trabalho de muitos ateístas no início do século XXI.

O presente trabalho discute as dificuldades e os possíveis caminhos ao construir a crítica da tradução de O Pequeno Príncipe para a Libras realizada pelo projeto Acessibilidade em Bibliotecas Públicas (ABP) do governo federal brasileiro. Busca-se responder às seguintes perguntas: Que critérios podem ser seguidos para construir uma crítica de uma tradução para a língua de sinais? Que dificuldades estão envolvidas neste processo? Seguindo a perspectiva de análise reflexiva de Berman (1995), se buscou desenvolver, por meio do escrutínio da tradução em questão e do cotejo entre ela e o seu original, ponderações que fossem mais do que somente uma atribuição de valor ao trabalho do tradutor. O processo de construção da crítica foi então observado a fim de inferir as dificuldades de criticar obras em Libras e que parâmetros podem funcionar como guia para a análise. Concluiu-se que o crítico enfrenta questões ligadas ao registro em vídeo e ao fato de o sistema literário da Libras ser ainda jovem. E, ainda, que analisar a maneira como as traduções se alocam frente às demais obras em Libras é importante para que as discussões sobre esse polissistema literário se consolidem como área de estudo.

A relação entre o uso tecnologias móveis e aplicativos de saúde e a mudança de comportamento de jovens carece de maiores investigações. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar o uso de smartphones e aplicativos de saúde entre jovens universitários e comparar seus níveis de atividade física e comportamento sedentário. Foram avaliados 591 jovens universitários, com idade de 21± 4 anos, que responderam a dois questionários, sendo o primeiro sobre hábitos de utilização de smartphones e aplicativos de saúde e o segundo, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Os resultados demonstraram que 88,7% dos jovens possuíam smartphones e que 30,2% haviam utilizado aplicativos de saúde, sendo os de exercício físico e controle alimentar os mais prevalentes (73,8%). Apenas 22,4% realizavam menos de 150 minutos de atividades físicas semanais. Por outro lado, dispendiam 8,2± 3,4 horas por dia sentados. Usuários de smartphones e de aplicativos de controle alimentar demonstram-se mais ativos. O tempo diário sentado não apresentou diferenças significativas entre usuários e não usuários. Nossos resultados apontam para o potencial de penetração de smartphones e uso de aplicativos de exercícios físico e controle alimentar e que atenção especial deve ser dada no uso de tais tecnologias ao combate do comportamento sedentário entre jovens universitários. Palavras-chave: smartphones, exercício, saúde

While antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels, resistance mechanisms are spreading globally among diverse bacterial species. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, mainly due to the production of antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, is currently responsible for most treatment failures, threatening the effectiveness of classes of antibiotics used for decades. This study assessed the presence of genetic determinants of β-lactam resistance in 102 multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to two central hospitals in northern Portugal from 2010 to 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high rate (>90%) of resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, except for carbapenems and cephamycins, which showed antimicrobial susceptibility rates in the range of 23.5–34.3% and 40.2–68.6%, respectively. A diverse pool of β-lactam resistance genetic determinants, including carbapenemases- (i.e., blaKPC-like and blaOXA-48-like), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL; i.e., blaTEM-like, blaCTX-M-like and blaSHV-like), and AmpC β-lactamases-coding genes (i.e., blaCMY-2-like and blaDHA-like) were found in most K. pneumoniae isolates. blaKPC-like (72.5%) and ESBL genes (37.3–74.5%) were the most detected, with approximately 80% of K. pneumoniae isolates presenting two or more resistance genes. As the optimal treatment of β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae infections remains problematic, the high co-occurrence of multiple β-lactam resistance genes must be seen as a serious warning of the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Ultra-thin microstructures of eutectic aluminum alloys have attracted attention due to their excellent mechanical properties. In this context, it is known that the massive production of industrial components may require adaptations in the processing routes with severe thermal control. Considering the benefits of molding applications, knowledge of proper conditions of the metal/mold interface is essential. The interfacial heat transfer efficiency controls the solidification kinetics and so the microstructure evolution. Furthermore, much of the existing work in this field involves the use of either water-cooled or massive copper molds. The goal is achieving moderate or fast cooling conditions and produce refined structures. In this sense, the association of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient, h, with desired microstructures can expand the application to other types of mold and process conditions. In this respect, the present research work applies a numerical mathematical model based on an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) for the solidification of relevant binary eutectic alloys, considered as priority for the production of ultrafine eutectics. It was demonstrated the compromise existing between the overall interfacial coefficient hg and the eutectic spacing for the Al-6.3 wt% Ni, Al-33 wt% Cu, Al-wt.12% Si and Al-1.0 wt% Co eutectic alloys. Expressions relating hg as a function of time (t) and hg versus the representative eutectic microstructural spacing (λ) of each alloy are proposed. The hg vs λ expressions allow inferring hg values necessary to induce the formation of ultrafine λ values.

Background At a time when the world’s population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted. In this perspective, the heterogeneity in the classification and the different reference values has a critical impact on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, since neither the procedures, the components and the cut-off points are consistent. Objectives To develop cut-off points for the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in the northeast of Brazil and compare the prevalences between the values defined by the consensus and the values of the population studied. Methods Community-dwelling older men and women living in three cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte were evaluated. Cutoff points were defined for the variables used to screen for sarcopenia (handgrip strength, SMI, gait speed and SPPB) using the 20th percentile of their population distributions. Results The sample was composed of 1,290 older people (62.5% female and 37.5% male), with an average of 69.5 (± 6.05) years of age. Regarding the cutoff points, the handgrip values were defined as 25.3 kg and 16 kg for men and women, respectively. Considering the SMM adjusted according to their height, the values of 7.88 kg/m2 were adopted for men and 5.52 kg/m2 for women. When adjusting by BMI we obtained 0.73 kg/BMI for men and 0.41 kg/BMI for women. For gait speed it was defined 0.71 m/s for men and 0.63 m/s for women. In the case of SPPB, the result was the same for both genders (≤8). When applying the values found in the studied population, a variation in prevalence was observed for both men and women, depending on the cut-off points and consensus used. Conclusion The cutoff values found in our population were lower than those adopted by international consensus (EWGSOP2, IWGS and FNIH), except for HGS in woman and SMI/m2 for men. Therefore, using specific cutoff points for different populations can provide an accurate assessment of the presence of sarcopenia and better target health prevention strategies for the older people living in the community.

Key-words: Elderlies, Technology, Interface. This article aims to discuss about the design for elderlies. From the analysis of the washing machine segments, as well as understanding the difficulties and challenges faced by the third age, an interface was designed for this public, attending to specifications that, as seen in research, are still ignored by the market.

O Greenstone Belt Pitangui, localizado a noroeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero em Minas Gerais, é um terreno de idade meso- a neoarqueana. Sua estratigrafiaé composta por intercalações de rochas metavulcânicas que são registros de atividade vulcânica, e rochas metassedimentares químicas e clásticas (metamorfizadas em fácies xisto verde a baixo anfibolito) como metarenitos e formações ferríferas bandadas (BIFs), rochas comumente observadas em seções oceânicas greenstone belts. As condições bioquímicas dos oceanos e da atmosfera que proporcionaram a formação de BIFs (restritos ao Pré-Cambriano) diferem consideravelmente das que prevalecem atualmente. Estas rochas são resultado da precipitação química bioinduzida de óxido de Fe e Si, sendo resultado de condições únicas exclusivas ao passado da Terra. A deposição de BIFs no Greenstone Belt Pitangui predominou em estágios de bacia faminta e cessação do vulcanismo, estando estas intercaladas a metarenitos resultantes de fluxos turbidíticos ocasionais. A geoquímica destas BIFs indica a incorporação de material clástico depositado durante pequenas interrupções na precipitação bioquímica. Este fator pode ser identificado a partir da observação de padrões em elementos maiores (Fe, Ti, Al, Mn) em quatro grupos de amostras de diferentes níveis estratigráficos (Pimentão, Biquinho, Aparição e São Francisco). As proporções de ETRs e Y sugerem a classificação destas BIFs como do tipo Algoma. Amostras do nível Pimentão apresentam anomalias negativas de Ce, o que indica existência de oxigênio livre nos mares arqueanos, mesmo que localmente. Isto corrobora de formas consistente com as anomalias negativas de Ce anteriormente descritas para BIFs do nível Biquinho (superior ao nível Pimentão). A ocorrência destas anomalias em intervalos estratigráficos subsequentes evidencia a continuidade temporal do evento de oxigenação mais antigo já registrado no Brasil (2,86-2,78 Ga), que é anterior ao Grande Evento de Oxigenação (GEO – 2,4 Ga) proposto na literatura.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increases the cardiovascular risk. Regular physical exercise can promote benefits, but the MetS individuals are demotivated to perform it. Thus, new possibilities are important as an alternative intervention. The whole-body vibration can be considered an exercise modality and would be a safe and low-cost strategy to improve functional parameters of individuals in different clinical conditions. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess effects of whole-body vibration on functional parameters of MetS individuals. The hypothesis of this work was that the whole-body vibration could improve the functionality of MetS individuals. Methods Twenty-two individuals performed the intervention. The vibration frequency varied from 5 to 14 Hz and the peak-to-peak displacements, from 2.5 to 7.5 mm. Each session consisted of one minute-bout of working time followed by a one minute-bout of passive rest in each peak-to-peak displacement for three-times. The whole-body vibration protocol was applied twice per week for 5 weeks. Data from the trunk flexion, gait speed, sit-to-stand test and handgrip strength were collected. Physiological parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) were also evaluated. The Wilcoxon Rank test and Student t-test were used. Results No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in physiological parameters (arterial blood pressure and heart rate). Significant improvements were found in trunk flexion (p = 0.01), gait speed (p = 0.02), sit-to-stand test (p = 0.005) and handgrip strength (p = 0.04) after the whole-body vibration. Conclusions In conclusion, whole-body vibration may induce biological responses that improve functional parameters in participants with MetS without interfering in physiological parameters, comparing before and after a 5-week whole-body vibration protocol. Trial registration Register in the Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) with the number RBR 2bghmh (June 6th, 2016) and UTN: U1111–1181-1177. (virgula).

The System of Price Record (SRP) has been widely used by the public organisations when planning their procurement. However, one of the greatest challenges in its usage is to avoid an overestimation of the quantity registered, that is, adequate them to the real demands of the public organisation. In order to make the SRP demands closer to reality, the IFTM promoted an innovation in its process of purchase planning in 2013, making it participative. This research aimed to assess the implemented innovation by analysing the outcomes of the implementation of the price register demands, in order to verify is these registers reflected the real demand. In order to do this, a survey of all the participatory planning items was carried out in the period from 2013 to 2016, comparing the recorded amounts with those actually acquired using the index GARP - approximation degree between the real and the planned. The data were submitted by two samples test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the GARP scale. It was verified that the participative planning did not reach the aim of bringing closer the SRP demands to the real necessities of the public organisation. As a proposal for improvement, it was suggested: adoption of an index from the previous period as a subsidey to the quantity planning; conciliation of the planned amounts with the budget; qualification of the involved professionals; monitoring and control of activities and finally, review of the of SRP usage policy.

Vascular endothelium insults caused by high serum glucose levels affect the oxygen supply to tissues, via the microvascular endothelium, resulting in an increased perfusion heterogeneity. These insults may lead to the underuse of blood capillaries, while other vessels are overused and effectively overload their oxygen supply capacity, which eventually causes damages to distal parts of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback information will be gradually lost and contribute to a mobility reduction. This study aims to assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration (WBV) associated with strength training (ST) on lower-limb blood flow and mobility in older adults with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Methods and analyses: This is a protocol (1st version) for Pa single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial guided by the SPIRIT guidelines. Our sample will consist of 51 older adults with DM2 randomly allocated to three groups: low frequency WBV (16–26 Hz) associated to ST (G1), WBV sham (G2) and nonintervention control (G3). The study protocol is set for a 12-week (three times per week) schedule. Primary outcomes: skin temperature using infrared thermographic imaging (ITI); mean peripheral arterial blood flow velocity (MBF) by a handheld Doppler ultrasound (DU), and functional mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Secondary outcomes: quasi-static posture using the DX100 BTS Smart optoelectronic system, and plantar pressure and body balance using the MPS stabilometric platform. Data will be collected and analyzed at baseline and post-intervention, considering p-value < 0.05 level of significance. The analyses will also be conducted with an intention-to-treat method and effect size. Dissemination: All results will be published in peer-reviewed journals as well as presented in conferences.

A sociedade brasileira está passando por uma mudança no seu perfil religioso cujas origens remontam à década de 1980. Nos dados do Censo do IBGE de 2010, o percentual de indivíduos que se declararam sem religião ultrapassou 8% da população, sendo que na década aludida esse percentual era de apenas 1%. No entanto, ainda são escassos os trabalhos acadêmicos sobre esse fenômeno, em particular sobre o ateísmo no país. Esse artigo pretende fazer um percurso em torno do tema com foco em três eixos: a) definições sobre ateísmo e neoateísmo; b) exposição dos estudos acadêmicos, em especial os historiográficos, sobre ateísmo; c) estudo de caso sobre o ateísmo contemporâneo brasileiro via análise da Revista Ateísta.

O texto apresenta discussão teórica e conceitual acerca do fenômeno do midiartivismo, um neologismo formado pelas palavras mídia, arte e ativismo, que pode ser traduzido como qualquer ação ou iniciativa que faz uso de expressões em arte e recursos de mídia a favor de uma causa, sempre social e política, quando expõe problemas e prioridades de determinado grupo ou comunidade. Para tanto, realiza uma leitura crítica da narrativa audiovisual e poética, Tempo de Pipa, de Breno Silva, integrante de coletivos de arte e mídia atuantes na periferia de Salvador, Bahia. O videoclipe é ilustrativo das ações midiartivistas e insurgentes que eclodem nas muitas periferias pelo Brasil afora, resultantes da participação de diversos artistas intimamente ligados a coletivos artísticos criados nos últimos anos, além de ser fruto do trabalho colaborativo e do associativismo que integra artistas, eles próprios, marcados por traços e recortes de minoridade e pelo comprometimento com produções contra-hegemônicas que inspiram resistência, dissidência e transformação.