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Lippia gracilis is a native species of the Caatinga, whose leaves have significant potential for economic use by chemical and pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol. Considering the lack of agronomic data for the species, especially for semi-arid conditions where it is possible to find natural populations, the aim of this work was to assess the effects of drought and different doses of organic fertilization in biomass production and content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments that consisted of presence and absence of organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer and irrigation. The analyzed variables after 120 days of culture were: total length until the last leaf, fresh weight of aerial parts with stem, leaf dry weight a nd fresh weight, content and chemical composition of essential oil, and moisture. In the conditions where this st udy was conducted, it was observed that the organic and mineral fertilization and irrigation positively inf luenced the production of biomass and essential oil content. However, cultivation methods did not significantly affect the chemical composition of essential oils, which shows the hardiness of the species to changes in availability of water and nutrients. Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T09:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anavaleria2017.pdf: 846807 bytes, checksum: 3ebea6f6bf7faf42c354e10146d9ba8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-16

Foi objetivo desta pesquisa estudar a percepção os alunos do ensino técnico subsequente observando o perfil de cada estudante ao utilizar um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA). Os estudantes foram apresentados à plataforma digital e nela foram disponibilizados variados materiais de estudos e propostas de atividades para a interação dos estudantes com o AVA. Após a disponibilização das atividades por quinze dias, foi aplicado um questionário para verificação de quantificadores de acesso dos estudantes à plataforma. Além do nível familiaridade destes com a utilização de computadores para a realização de atividades escolares. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e técnicas de estatística descritiva aplicadas para a obtenção de valores médios de cada uma das variáveis monitoradas. Aos dados quantitativas foram aplicados estudos de correlação linear. Observou-se que a maioria dos estudantes (60%) possuem computador para a realização de suas atividades escolares e não apresentaram dificuldades com relação ao uso da plataforma. Observou-se também uma correlação entre o fator idade e o acesso à internet, apontando para uma diminuição da frequência de acesso à internet com o aumento da idade. Outro fator importante observado, foi que 88% dos estudantes utilizam materiais complementares retirados da internet para a complementação de seus estudos. Nesse sentido foi evidenciado com este estudo que o uso de plataformas digitais é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar os estudantes no processo de ensino aprendizagem na forma de complementação de seus estudos.

Dysphania ambrosioides L. is a medicinal species used worldwide, mainly as an anthelmintic. In Brazil, this species is listed on the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the National Health System. Studies on management, cultivation, and nutrition are incipient for this species. The present study tested the effect of different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg m −2 ) of three organic manures (cattle, chicken, and quail manure) on plant biomass production and the content, yield, and chemical composition of the essential oil from D. ambrosioides L. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 60 days. The doses of cattle, chicken, and quail manure influenced the plants’ dry weight production and the content, yield, and chemical composition of the D. ambrosioides L. essential oil. Fertilization with poultry manure (quail or chicken) increased the plant growth more than did the cattle manure. Higher dry weights were obtained after incorporating 6 to 9 kg m −2 of quail manure or 9 to 12 kg m −2 of chicken manure. Higher essential oil content was extracted from the inflorescences than the leaves. The highest contents of essential oil in the leaves were obtained when using 3 to 6 kg m −2 of cattle manure or 3 to 12 kg m −2 of chicken manure. The 12 kg m −2 dose of cattle manure increased the oil content extracted from the inflorescences. The highest oil yields were obtained using 12 kg m −2 of cattle manure, 6 to 12 kg m −2 of chicken manure or 9 kg m −2 of quail manure. Using quail manure increased the ascaridole content in the leaves, while using chicken manure increased the ascaridole content in the inflorescences.

Origanum vulgare L., conhecida como orégano, é considerada planta condimentar largamente usada na culinária. No Brasil poucas são as pesquisas com esta espécie visando maximização das técnicas de cultivo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses dos adubos orgânicos bovino e aves no crescimento de plantas, teor de clorofila, teor, rendimento e qualidade do óleo essencial de orégano cultivado sob estufa. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, sendo um com esterco bovino e o outro com esterco de aves (Poedeira). Plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de 10 L submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Ensaio I: Esterco bovino: 1) Solo sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 3) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 4) solo + 9,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 5) solo + 12,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; Ensaio II - Esterco de aves: 1) solo sem adubação (Controle); 2) solo + 1,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 3) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 4) solo + 4,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha e 5) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha. Ambos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e a parcela experimental composta de 4 vasos. Foi observado que as doses de adubos bovino e avícola influenciaram significativamente no crescimento das plantas, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial de orégano.

A prática da adubação orgânica, além de fornecer nutrientes para as plantas, proporciona a melhoria da estrutura física do solo, aumenta a retenção de água, diminui as perdas por erosão e favorece o controle biológico. O elixir paregórico (Ocimum selloi Benth.) é uma espécie medicinal nativa das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil onde é utilizada popularmente como antidiarréico, antiespasmódico e antiinflamatório. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes doses de dois adubos orgânicos no crescimento, no rendimento e na composição do óleo essencial de elixir paregórico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Lavras, MG, em estufa plástica com os seguintes tratamentos de adubação: ensaio A - esterco bovino: 1) sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3kg m-2 de esterco; 3) solo+ 6kg m-2 de esterco; 4) solo+ 9kg m-2 de esterco; 5) solo + 12kg m-2 de esterco; ensaio B - Esterco avícola: 1) sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 1,5kg m-2 de esterco; 3) solo + 3kg m-2 de esterco; 4) solo + 4,5kg m-2 de esterco e 5) solo + 6kg m-2 de esterco. Foi verificada a influência das doses de adubação com esterco bovino e galinha sobre o crescimento da planta em altura e diâmetro do caule, acúmulo de biomassa seca, AF, AFE, RPF, teor de clorofilas, espessura do limbo foliar, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial. The organic fertilization provides nutrients for the plants, improves the soil physical structure, increases the water retention, reduces the erosion losses and favors the biological control. Ocimum selloi is a native medicinal plant of south and southeast of Brazil where is used popularly as antidiarrhetic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. This research aimed to verify the effect of different doses of two organic fertilizers souces in O. selloi growth, essential oil yield and chemical composition. The experiments were carried out in Lavras, MG, with pots in polyethylene greenhouse with two manuring treatments: Test A - Cattle manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 3kg m-2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6kg m-2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9kg m-2 cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12kg m-2 cattle manure; Test B - Chicken manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 1.5kg m-2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3 kg m-2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5kg m-2 chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6kg m-2 chicken manure. The influence of cattle and chicken manuring doses was verified on plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass weight, TLA, SLA, LWR, chlorophylls content, leaf thickness, essential oil yield and composition.

The objective of this study was to compare potato seed tuber production of cvs. Monalisa and Agata growing in beds, pots or hydroponics, with either single or staggered harvests. All culture systems were established in plastic sheeting-covered greenhouses protected with an anti-aphid network. The beds and 3 L pots were filled with Plantmax® substrate and placed in suspended beds. The hydroponic system utilized NFT (Nutrient film technique) and 4 m × 15 cm × 7 cm PVC tubes with a 4% slope and the fertilizers were a commercial formula. Each experiment was 4 treatments in factorial Scheme 2 × 2 with 2 cultivars (Monalisa and Agata) and 2 harvest methods (single and staggered). All three experiments were carried out in randomized design with 6 replicates and 7 plants per replicate. The hydroponics system presents some advantages: as harvest easiness, mineral nutrition control of plants, efficient use of water besides reducing the costs with pesticide. This system allows many harvest during the cycles culture allowing to maximize potato seed tubers harvest. The hydropony system was better statistically for tubers/plant number in single and staggered harvest. In all systems, the non-destructive harvest provided larger amount of tubers/plant, being the length and biomass these tubers smaller than in single harvest. There were significant interaction between culture system and harvest methods for the number of tubers per plant, tuber length and tuber fresh weights. The number of tubers per plant in hydroponics was 147% higher than the bed and pot systems for a single harvest. Even, tuber production from a staggered harvest in hydroponics was 286% greater than in the bed and pot systems for Monalisa and Agata cvs. Tuber lengths from potatoes growing in beds were 17% longer than those growing in pots or hydroponics from a single harvest. It was observed that tuber fresh weights in bed system, from a single harvest, were 51% larger than pot and hydroponic systems. Numbers of sprouts per tuber ranged from 2.55 to 3.04 for the 3 culture systems and 2 harvest methods. The sprouts length ranged 0.51–0.92 for Monalisa and Agata cultivar growing in bed, pots and hydropony system.

Additional index words. arnica, acclimatization, organogenesis, rooting, seed germination, shoots Abstract. Lychnophora pinaster, known as arnica, is a medicinal plant of the Cerrado ecosystem in Brazil. It is widely used in the form of alcoholic extract for its anti- inflammatory and anesthetic and healing effects on sprains, bruises, and inflammation. Owing to the great difficulty of propagation, it is listed by the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis in the category of plants vulnerable to extinction. Micropropagation offers a solution to this problem by allowing the preser- vation and expansion of germplasm. The objective of this research was to establish a protocol for in vitro propagation of arnica. The best medium for germination of arnica embryos and plantlet growth was a quarter strength semisolid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS/4) containing 0.75% (w/v) sucrose. For shoot induction, the best results were obtained on MS/4 with 2.76 mM of benzylaminopurine. Maximum shoot elongation before rooting occurred in the presence of 8.67 mM of gibberellic acid for 19 d. Microshoots were successfully rooted in the presence of 10.7 mM of naphthalene acetic acid for 15 d. After rooted plantlets were acclimatized in a greenhouse for 20 d, the survival rate was 100% when planted in a soil from the area of occurrence of the species, whereas 0% survived when planted in Plantmax.

The aim of the present work was to establish appropriate conditions for the in vitro micropropagation of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish through shoot multiplication on apical and nodal bud explants. Explants were excised from in vitro- grown seedlings and incubated on Murashige and Skoog medium containing different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (for apical buds) and gibberellic acid and NAA (for nodal segments). Proliferation of apical shoots was successfully achieved in the presence of BAP and NAA, each at 1.0 mg L -1 , while the elongation of apical shoots could only be attained on medium containing NAA at 1.0 mg L -1 . Elongation of nodal shoots was induced in the presence of NAA at 2.0 mg L -1 . The most suitable medium for inducing root proliferation on explants of E. erythropappus was NAA at 1.0 mg L -1 . Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (Asteraceae), known in Brazil by the common name candeia, is an arboreous pioneer species distributed from the northeast of Argentina to the northern and eastern regions of Paraguay and Brazil (Carvalho, 1994). The wood of E. erythropappus is physically strong (hard) and is widely employed in the manufacture of stakes, fence posts, timber supports, and boats. The oil of the plant is also of commercial importance, being rich in the sesquiterpene a-bisabolol, and has a market value in the order of USD 60/kg (Perez, 2001). Candeia oil has anti- inflammatory properties and is also used in the production of a number of pharmaceut- icals employed in dermatology for the treat- ment of fungal and bacterial infections. Moreover, a-bisabolol can replace azulene, a monoterpene found in Chamomilla recu- tita, as a fixing agent in cosmetic products. The efficient multiplication and preserva- tion of valuable plants such as E. erythro- pappus can be achieved through in vitro micropropagation. Micropropagation of wild plants, however, can be labor-intensive and time-consuming owing to the difficulties of removing microbial contamination and of avoiding extensive oxidation of the explants. To overcome such problems, it is preferable to use explants derived from seedlings grown under aseptic conditions (Mantell et al., 1994). Because no reports are available concerning the in vitro micropropagation of E. erythropappus, we have investigated the conditions required for efficient shoot multiplication on apical bud and nodal explants obtained from seedlings cultivated aseptically.

Por apresentar volume limitado de substrato, o plantio em vasos pode levar a uma reduzida taxa de multiplicação de tubérculos de batata. Objetivou-se estudar a multiplicação de tubérculos-semente pré-básicos de batata em vasos, em função da densidade de plantas e dos métodos de colheita. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em ambiente protegido com tela antiafídeo, em vasos de 3 L. Em ambos os ensaios foram utilizadas plântulas livres de vírus. No primeiro ensaio foram avaliadas as cultivares Monalisa e Ágata e dois métodos de colheita (única e escalonada, com colheitas a cada 30 dias), em um fatorial 2 x 2 em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições e parcelas de quatro vasos, com uma plântula por vaso. No segundo ensaio, foi utilizada apenas a cultivar Monalisa e foram avaliadas cinco densidades de plantio, de 1 a 5 plantas por vaso (25 a 125 plantas m-2) nas épocas de primavera/verão e outono/inverno. Estes ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro vasos cada. Não houve efeito significativo do método de colheita sobre o número total de brotos. Ao contrário, maior comprimento e massa fresca de tubérculos foram obtidos na colheita única. A cultivar Ágata produziu significativamente mais tubérculos por planta que a cultivar Monalisa, embora esta tenha produzido tubérculos de maior comprimento e massa. Em relação à densidade de plantio, na primavera/verão cada planta adicionada ao vaso (0,04 m² para cada planta adicionada) proporcionou um incremento de 2,69 tubérculos por vaso (67,25 tubérculos m-2), enquanto, no inverno, o incremento foi de 4,36 tubérculos por vaso (109 tubérculos m-2). Por outro lado, o aumento na densidade levou à redução em média de 3,20 g na massa fresca dos tubérculos para cada planta adicionada ao vaso no experimento de inverno. No experimento conduzido na primavera/verão a densidade de plantio não influenciou o peso fresco dos tubérculos. The limited volume of substrate might reduce tuber multiplication rates when production is carried out in pots. The results of potato seed tubers multiplication in pots are presented in this publication, taking into account different plant densities and harvest methods. Experiments were carried out in an aphid-proof screenhouse, with 3 L pots, using virus-free seedlings previously acclimatized. In the first experiment, cultivars Monalisa and Agata, and two harvest systems were evaluated (single destructive and sequential 30-day intervals non-destructive harvests) in two seasons, namely spring/summer and autumn/winter. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six replications, four-pot plots and one seedling per pot. In the second experiment, potato seedlings from cultivar Monalisa were transplanted to pots according to the density treatments, from 1 to 5 seedlings per pot (25 to 125 plants m-2). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications and four-pot plots. Larger tuber yield per plant was obtained under non-destructive harvest for both cultivars. Instead, larger tuber length and fresh weight were observed in the single destructive harvest. Cultivar Agata outyielded cultivar Monalisa in number of tubers, although the latter produced longer and heavier tubers. Regarding plant density, each additional plant per pot (0.04 m² per plant), yielded 2.69 extra tubers per plant) (67.25 tubers m-2) in the spring/summer experiment and 4.36 extra tubers (109 tubers m-2) in the winter experiment. Nevertheless, the increase in density led to an average decrease of 3.20 g in tuber fresh weight per additional plant. In the spring/summer experiment, plant density had no significant influence on tuber fresh weight.

Este estudo foi conduzido com objetivo de determinar o tipo de secagem e a fragmentação das folhas de capim-limão para otimizar o rendimento extrativo do óleo essencial. Foram estabelecidos 6 tratamentos com 2 tipos de secagem (estufa de ventilação forçada a 40ºC e sala com desumidificador) e 3 tamanhos de fragmentos das folhas secas (pulverização em moinho, fragmentos com 1 e com 20 cm de comprimento), com 4 repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação durante 2 horas. O maior rendimento de óleo essencial foi obtido com o material seco na sala com desumidificador, não havendo diferenças significativas para os tamanhos da folha. O componente mais abundante no óleo essencial foi o citral que também apresentou as maiores concentrações nas folhas secas em desumidificador.

No presente trabalho, avaliaram-se o efeito do tamanho e posição de explantes na planta de ipeca e diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo na multiplicação "in vitro" de Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes. O experimento que avaliou o efeito dos diferentes tamanhos e posições de explantes foi conduzido em tubos de ensaio de 25x150 mm, contendo 20 mL de meio de cultivo por tubo, sendo avaliados os tamanhos de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 cm nas posições basal, mediana e apical. No segundo experimento, utilizaram-se frascos nos quais os tratamentos consistiam nos volumes de 10, 20, 30 e 40 mL de meio de cultivo por frasco. O meio de cultivo utilizado nos dois experimentos foi o MS (MURASHIGE e SKOOG, 1962) acrescido de 1,5 mg. L-1 de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina). A posição do segmento internodal não influenciou o desenvolvimento vegetativo; os tamanhos de 1,0 e 1,5 cm apresentaram maior número de brotações que os segmentos com 0,5 cm. No experimento com diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo, observou-se que 30 e 40 mL foram significativamente melhores na indução de brotações adventícias nessa espécie. In this work evaluated the effect of size and position of explant in plant and volume different culture medium on the multiplication of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes "in vitro" conditions. Experiment with different size and positions was conducted in test tube of 25x150 mm, content 20 mL of culture medium with 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5 cm of size and three different positions (basal, median and apical). In the second experiment were utilized differents volumes (10, 20, 30 and 40 mL) of culture medium. Culture medium utilized on two experiments was MS (MURASHIGE and SKOOG, 1962) supplemented with 1,5 mgL-1 of BAP (6-benzilaminopurine). The differents position not observed influenced, where size of 1,0 and 1,5 showed higher numbers of shoots segments. The different volumes of culture medium were observed that 30 and 40 mL showed higher shoot number.

Neste presente trabalho, avaliou-se o potencial do carvão ativado, filtro amarelo e a interação fotoperíodo/temperatura na formação de estruturas semelhantes a raízes tuberosas de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) em condições in vitro. O experimento com carvão ativado foi conduzido em tubos de ensaio de 150mm x 25mm, contendo 10 ml de meio de cultura por tubo. Nos experimentos com filtro amarelo e fotoperíodo/temperatura foram utilizados frascos contendo 15 e 30ml, respectivamente de meio de cultura por frasco. O meio de cultura utilizado em todos os tratamentos foi o MS. Nos 3 experimentos, avaliou-se o número de estruturas semelhantes a raízes tuberosas, peso seco de raízes e parte aérea. Em relação ao carvão ativado, notou-se que a sua associação com ácido naftaleno acético, benzilaminopurina e cinetina prejudicou a formação de estruturas semelhantes a raízes tuberosas além de proporcionar baixo peso seco de raízes e parte aérea. Em relação ao filtro amarelo, notou-se que sua presença com a associação de reguladores de crescimento (ácido nafatleno acético, benzilaminopurina e cinetina) proporcionou maior formação de estruturas semelhantes a raízes tuberosas, maior peso seco de raízes e parte aérea. Com relação à interação fotoperíodo e temperatura, os tratamentos que mantiveram a temperatura constante de 15ºC, submetidos a fotoperíodos de 8, 10 e 12h luz, mesmo na presença de ácido naftaleno acético e cinetina, reduziram a formação de estruturas semelhantes a raízes tuberosas, peso seco de raízes e parte aérea . In this present work the activated charcoal potential, yellow filter and photoperiod/temperature interaction in vitro on the formation of structures like tuber roots of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas L. Lam were evaluated. The experiment with activated charcoal was carried out in glass culture, each tube with 10ml of culture medium. The experiments with yellow filter and photoperiod/temperature were carried out in glass jars content each 15 and 30ml of medium of culture respectivy. The culture medium used in the treatments was the MS. In these three experiments carried out the number of structures like tuber roots dry matter of roots and aerial parts were evaluated. In relation to the activated charcoal, its presence associated with naphthalene acetic acid, benzylaminopurine and kinetin did not induce the formation of structures like tuber roots and reached proportioned low dry matter in both roots and aerial parts. In relation to the yellow filter, its presence associated with growth regulators (naphthalene acetic acid, benzylaminopurine and kinetin) proportioned larger formation of structures like tuber roots, high dry matter of roots and aerial part. The photoperiod (8, 10 and 12 hours of light) associated with temperature (15ºC) proportioned low formation of structures like tuber roots, low dry matter of roots and aerial part.

The hydrodistilled essential oil from aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Plants were collected at 3-month intervals in a completely randomized design with six repetitions and the data was analyzed at the level of 5% of probability by Tukey's test. There was a significant difference for oil contents in the different seasons. The lowest oil content was obtained in the summer (about 50% inferior to the other seasons). Methyl (E)-cinnamate was obtained as the major compound (86–90%) of the 14 identified components.

Hydroponic cultivation of plants is an ancient technique of cultivation. Plant growth in water is reported in hieroglyphic files dating hundreds of years before Christ, which describes the cultivation of plants in the River Nile. It is believed that the first use of hydroponic cultivation as a tool was in ancient Babylon, in the famous hanging gardens, known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world (Prieto Martinez, 2006).

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane (iso).We randomly assigned 26 male Wistar rats anesthetized with isoflurane, intubated and mechanically ventilated to 3 groups: G1 (controls; n = 8), G2 (CAPE; n = 10), and G3 (ethanol; n = 8). Mean arterial pressure was monitored for anesthetic control. Intraperitoneal CAPE (G2) or ethanol (G3) injections were administered 40 minutes before left renal ischemia. All animals underwent right nephrectomy and the left kidney was submitted to ischemia for 25 minutes. Serum creatinine (cr) values were determined at the beginning (M1), end (M2), and 24 hours after the experiment (M3) upon intracardiac blood samples. The left kidney was removed for histologic analysis, using a scale for tubular necrosis (0-5, injury maximum). Statistical analysis was applied to serum creatinine and histological score injury considering statistical differences to be significant when P.05.The cr values in the CAPE were significantly higher at M2 (0.8 mg/mL; P = .0012) and M3 (3.7 mg/mL; P = .0014) than the control (0.5 and 0.9 mg/mL) or G3 (0.6 and 1.0 mg/mL), respectively. Histologic examination showed the CAPE group to display more pericapsular tubular necrosis (3.0 [2.0; 3.0]) than the G1 group (2.0 [1.0; 2.0]) or G3 group (1.5 [1.0; 2.0]; P.001). The CAPE group displayed more medullary tubular necrosis (2.0 [2.0; 3.0] than G1 (2.0 [1.0; 2.0] or G3 (1.0 [0.0; 2.0]; P.001).CAPE promoted greater functional and anatomic renal injury when rats were anesthetized with iso than control or ethanol groups, as demonstrated by histologic analysis and serum values.

A utilização de malhas fotoconversoras para o cultivo de algumas espécies ornamentais e olerícolas tornou-se comum. Diante da grande influência que a radiação solar exerce sobre os vegetais, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da intensidade e da qualidade espectral da luz transmitida pelas malhas fotoconversoras (Chromatinet®) em relação a aspectos fisiológicos de crescimento (teor, rendimento e composição química) do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foram dispostos quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta de quatro vasos (uma planta por vaso). Os tratamentos foram caracterizados por plantas de melissa cultivadas a pleno sol, em malha preta (50%), em malha Chromatinet® vermelha (50%) e em Chromatinet® azul (50%). As características avaliadas consistiram em: fitomassa seca de folhas, caules, parte aérea, raízes e total; razão raiz/parte aérea; área foliar total; razão de área foliar; razão de peso foliar; área foliar específica; teor, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial. A utilização de malhas no cultivo de melissa favoreceu o crescimento, independentemente da cor, em relação ao cultivo a pleno sol. Sob a malha vermelha houve menores teor e rendimento óleo essencial, porém apresentou o maior teor de citral. The use of color shading nets for cultivation of some ornamentals and vegetables has become common. Thus, observing the great influence of the solar radiation on the plant physiology, the objective of this research was to evaluate the the quantity and quality effects of spectral light transmitted through color shading nets (Chromatinet®) in Melissa officinalis L., including physiological aspects as:growth ,content and chemistry composition. Four treatments and five replications were disposed in a completely randomized design, being each experimental unit composed by four pots (one plant per pot). The treatments were lemon balm's plants cultivated under full sunshine, black shading net (50%), red shading net (50%) and blue shading net (50%). The characteristics evaluated were: plant's height; dry phytomass of leaves, stems, aerial part, roots and total; root/aerial part ratio; total leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf weight ratio; specific leaf area; content, yield and composition of the essential oil. The utilization of nets favored the growth organs dry phytomass yield, independently of the color, in comparison with total sun light. Plants under red shading had lower content of essential oil and yield, but they showed the higher content of citral.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de níveis de adubos orgânicos bovino e avícola no teor de clorofila e características anatômicas de folhas de plantas de orégano cultivadas em casade- vegetação. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios separadamente, sendo um com esterco bovino e o outro com esterco de aves. Plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de 10 L, submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Ensaio I: esterco bovino: 1) solo sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 3) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 4) solo + 9,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 5) solo + 12,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; Ensaio II - esterco avícola: 1) solo sem adubação (Controle); 2) solo + 1,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 3) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 4) solo + 4,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha e 5) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e a parcela experimental foi composta por quatro vasos. Observou-se que os níveis de esterco bovino e de aves influenciaram o teor de clorofila e características anatômicas das folhas de orégano. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of cattle and chicken manure organic fertilization in the chlorophyll content and anatomic parameters of leaves of Origanum vulgare L. cultivated in greenhouse. Two assays were carried out separately, one with cattle manure and the other with chicken manure. Origanum vulgare L. plants were cultivated in 10 L pots with the following treatments: Trial I: Cattle manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; Trial II: Chicken manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (Control); 2) Soil + 1.5 kg m-2 of chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 of chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5 kg m-2 of chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 of chicken manure. Both trials were carried out in randomized blocks with 4 repetitions and 4 pots per experimental parcel. It was observed that the levels of organic fertilization significantly influenced the chlorophyll content and anatomic parameters of wild marjoran leaves.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do meio de cultura no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis, foi realizado o presente trabalho, que avaliaram três concentrações do meio de cultura MS. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete repetições, e cada repetição foi representada por uma amostra de 20 g de plântulas frescas. A extração do óleo foi realizada em aparelho de Clevenger modificado com duração de 1h e 30 min. e a análise química foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa. Observou-se que o teor e a composição química do óleo essencial de M. officinalis foram influenciados pela concentração de sais do meio MS. As plântulas que se desenvolveram nos meios MS e MS/4 apresentaram maior teor de óleo essencial, e os componentes majoritários foram o geranial (25,23 e 16,21%, respectivamente) e o neral (24,5 e 20,53%, respectivamente). Já o componente majoritário presente no óleo de plântulas de melissa cultivadas em meio MS/2 foi o acetato de nerila (18,69%). The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of the culture medium in the content and chemical composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis, evaluating three concentrations of the MS culture medium. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with 7 repetitions, where each repetition was represented by 20 g of fresh biomass. Oil extraction was accomplished using a Clevenger modified device for 1 hour and 30 minutes, and the chemical analysis was accomplished by gas chromatography. It was observed that the content and chemical composition of the essential oil of M. officinalis was influenced by the concentration of MS medium. The plants grown in the MS medium and MS/4 presented higher content of essential oil, and the major components of these plants were geraniol (25.23 and 16.21%, respectively) and nerol (24.5 and 20.53%, respectively). The major component present in the oil of melissa plants cultivated in MS/2 was neryl acetate (18.69%).

O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes) é muito utilizado na medicina popular em casos de contusões, hemorróidas, infecções do útero e bronquite. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento de óleo essencial e caracterizar organolepticamente folhas de assa-peixe submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem. Entre os métodos de secagem avaliados, a secagem natural à sombra, em secador solar e mista (sol e sombra) foram os métodos que apresentaram maiores teores de óleo. O rendimento de matéria seca de folhas de assa-peixe, após os diferentes métodos de secagem, encontrou-se ao redor de 27,7 a 30,1%. Em todos os métodos de secagem, a cor predominante da face adaxial das folhas de assa-peixe conservou-se verde-escura e da face abaxial verde-clara. No tocante ao odor, observou-se que a secagem à sombra conservou melhor o aroma característico das folhas de V. polyanthes. “Assa-peixe” (Vernonia polyanthes) is highly used in popular medicine in cases of contusion, hemorrhoid, uterus infections and bronchitis. This present work looked for to evaluate the essential oil yield and to characterize organolepticaly the “assa-peixe” leaves under various dry methods. Among the dry methods evaluated the natural dryness under shade, solar dryer and mixed method (sun and shade) were the ones that showed higher oil contents. The yield of “assa-peixe” dry matter after those different dry methods was around 27.7 and 30.1%. In all dry methods the predominant colour of adaxial face of “assa-peixe” leaves remained dark green and abaxial face showed light green. It could also be observed that the dryness under shade kept better the characteristic aroma of V. polyanthes leaves.

No presente trabalho, avaliaram-se o efeito do tamanho e posição de explantes na planta de ipeca e diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo na multiplicação ?in vitro? de Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes. O experimento que avaliou o efeito dos diferentes tamanhos e posições de explantes foi conduzido em tubos de ensaio de 25x150 mm, contendo 20 mL de meio de cultivo por tubo, sendo avaliados os tamanhos de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 cm nas posições basal, mediana e apical. No segundo experimento, utilizaram-se frascos nos quais os tratamentos consistiam nos volumes de 10, 20, 30 e 40 mL de meio de cultivo por frasco. O meio de cultivo utilizado nos dois experimentos foi o MS (MURASHIGE e SKOOG, 1962) acrescido de 1,5 mg. L-1 de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina). A posição do segmento internodal não influenciou o desenvolvimento vegetativo; os tamanhos de 1,0 e 1,5 cm apresentaram maior número de brotações que os segmentos com 0,5 cm. No experimento com diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo, observou-se que 30 e 40 mL foram significativamente melhores na indução de brotações adventícias nessa espécie.