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Abstract We investigate the integrability anomalies arising in the self-dual sectors of gravity and Yang-Mills theory, focusing on their connection to both the chiral anomaly and the trace anomaly. The anomalies in the self-dual sectors generate the one-loop all-plus amplitudes of gravitons and gluons, and have recently been studied via twistor constructions. On the one hand, we show how they can be interpreted as an anomaly of the chiral U(1) electric-magnetic-type duality in the self-dual sectors. We also note the similarity, for the usual fermionic chiral anomaly, between the 4D setting of self-dual Yang-Mills and the 2D setting of the Schwinger model. On the other hand, the anomalies in the self-dual theories also resemble the trace anomaly, sharing the same type of non-local effective action. We highlight the role of a Weyl-covariant fourth-order differential operator familiar from the trace anomaly literature, which (i) explains the conformal properties of the one-loop amplitudes, and (ii) indicates how this story may be extended to non-trivial spacetime backgrounds, e.g. with a cosmological constant. Moving beyond the self-dual sectors, and focusing on the gravity case, we comment on an intriguing connection to the two-loop ultraviolet divergence of pure gravity, whereby cancelling the anomaly at one-loop eliminates the two-loop divergence for the simplest helicity amplitudes.

Background: In Europe, up to 70% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases occurring in adults living with HIV. People living with HIV with VL co-infection often display persistent parasitemia, requiring chronic intermittent anti-Leishmania therapies. Consequently, frequent VL relapses and higher mortality rates are common in these individuals. As such, it is of paramount importance to understand the reasons for parasite persistence to improve infection management. Methods: To outline possible causes for treatment failure in the context of HIV-VL, we followed a person living with HIV-VL co-infection for nine years in a 12-month period. We characterized: HIV-related clinicopathological alterations (CD4+ T counts and viremia) and Leishmania-specific seroreactivity, parasitemia, quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation and studied a Leishmania clinical isolate recovered during this period. Results: The subject presented controlled viremia and low CD4+ counts. The subject remained PCR positive for Leishmania and also seropositive. The cellular response to parasite antigens was erratic. The isolate was identified as the first Leishmania infantum case with evidence of decreased miltefosine susceptibility in Portugal. Conclusion: Treatment failure is a multifactorial process driven by host and parasite determinants. Still, the real-time determination of drug susceptibility profiles in clinical isolates is an unexplored resource in the monitoring of VL.

Abstract We revisit the question of whether classical general relativity obeys, beyond the linearised order, an analogue of the global U(1) electric-magnetic duality of Maxwell theory, with the Riemann tensor playing the role analogous to the field strength. Following contradictory claims in the literature, we present a simple gauge-invariant argument that the duality does not hold. The duality condition is the conservation of the helicity charge. Scattering amplitudes of gravitons in general relativity, and of gluons in Yang-Mills theory, violate this selection rule already at tree level. Indeed, the maximally-helicity-violating (MHV) amplitudes are famous for their simplicity. The duality in the linearised theories is, therefore, broken by the interactions. In contrast, the tree-level scattering amplitudes in duality-invariant theories of non-linear electromagnetism are known to obey helicity conservation. While the duality is not a symmetry of the full theory of general relativity, it does hold within a sector of the solution space, including vacuum type D solutions, where the duality is known to rotate between mass and NUT charge.

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as migrações inter-regionais (longa distância), intrarregionais (média distância) e intraestaduais (curta distância) da e para a Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana (RMFS), instituída em 2011. Estudos sobre a Bahia e a Região Metropolitana de Salvador sobre essa temática existem, mas pouco ou nada se conhece sobre a RMFS. Os principais resultados, a partir dos microdados do Censo Demográfico 2010, apontam que entre 2005/2010, o fluxo de curta distância se destaca, ao apresentar maior migração bruta (volume de entrada e saída), bem como maior saldo migratório positivo na RMFS. Por sua vez, os deslocamentos de média distância são os menos praticados, mas mostram saldo migratório positivo, enquanto o fluxo inter-regional, possui saldo negativo, mostrando que a RMFS ainda tipifica como área de perda populacional na migração de longa distância. No tocante aos municípios que compõem a RMFS, Feira de Santana é o mais atrativo.

Abstract Recent works have explored how scattering amplitudes in quantum self-dual Yang-Mills theory and self-dual gravity can be interpreted as resulting from an anomaly, as first proposed by W. Bardeen. We study this problem in the light-cone-gauge formulation of the theories. Firstly, we describe how the infinite tower of symmetries associated to classical integrability can be quantum corrected, exhibiting the one-loop anomaly. Secondly, we present quantum-corrected light-cone Lagrangians worthy of the simplicity of the amplitudes, building on recent works describing the anomaly in twistor space. Finally, we discover an unexpected BCJ-like double copy for the (loop-integrated) amplitudes, distinct from the well-known BCJ double copy for the loop integrands.

Abstract Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and consequent lesion of exocrine glands. SjS diagnosis and classification remains a challenge, especially at SjS onset, when patients may have milder phenotypes of the disease or uncommon presentations. New biomarkers are needed for the classification of SjS, thus, we aimed to evaluate the added-value of lymphocyte subpopulations in discriminating SjS and non-Sjögren Sicca patients. Lymphocyte subsets from 62 SjS and 63 Sicca patients were characterized by flow cytometry. The 2002 AECG and the 2016 ACR/EULAR SjS classification criteria were compared with clinical diagnosis. The added discriminative ability of joining lymphocytic populations to classification criteria was assessed by the area under the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve (AUC). Considering clinical diagnosis as the gold-standard, we obtained an AUC = 0.952 (95% CI: 0.916–0.989) for AECG and an AUC = 0.921 (95% CI: 0.875–0.966) for ACR/EULAR criteria. Adding Tfh and Bm1 subsets to AECG criteria, performance increased, attaining an AUC = 0.985 (95% CI: 0.968–1.000) (p = 0.021). Th1/Breg-like CD24hiCD27+ and switched-memory B-cells maximized the AUC of ACR/EULAR criteria to 0.953 (95% CI: 0.916–0.990) (p = 0.043). Our exploratory study supports the potential use of lymphocyte subpopulations, such as unswitched memory B cells, to improve the performance of classification criteria, since their discriminative ability increases when specific subsets are added to the criteria.

The creation of a homogenized earthquake catalog is a fundamental step in seismic hazard analysis. The homogenization procedure, however, is complex and requires a good understanding of the heterogeneities among the available bulletins. Common events within the bulletins have to be identified and assigned with the most suitable origin time and location solution, while all the events have to be harmonized into a single magnitude scale. This process entails several decision variables that are usually defined using qualitative measures or expert opinion, without a clear exploration of the associated uncertainties. To address this issue, we present an automated and data-driven workflow that defines spatio-temporal margins within which duplicate events fall and converts the various reported magnitudes into a common scale. Special attention has been paid to the fitted functional form and the validity range of the derived magnitude conversion relations. The proposed methodology has been successfully applied to a wide region around the Dead Sea Transform Fault Zone (27N-36N, 31E-39E), with input data from various sources such as the International Seismological Centre and the Geophysical Institute of Israel. The produced public catalog contains more than 5500 events, between 1900 and 2017, with moment magnitude Mw above 3. The MATLAB/Python scripts used in this study are also available.

Abstract We study the connection of Moyal deformations of self-dual gravity and self-dual Yang-Mills theory to chiral higher-spin theories, and also to deformations of operator algebras in celestial holography. The relation to Moyal deformations illuminates various aspects of the structure of chiral higher-spin theories. For instance, the appearance of the self-dual kinematic algebra in all the theories considered here leads via the double copy to vanishing tree-level scattering amplitudes. Regarding celestial holography, the Moyal deformation of self-dual gravity was recently shown to lead to the loop algebra of W ∧, and we obtain here the analogous deformation of a Kac-Moody algebra corresponding to Moyal-deformed self-dual Yang-Mills theory. We also introduce the celestial algebras for various chiral higher-spin theories.

Abstract We study celestial chiral algebras appearing in celestial holography, using the light-cone gauge formulation of self-dual Yang-Mills theory and self-dual gravity, and explore also a deformation of the latter. The recently discussed w 1+∞ algebra in self-dual gravity arises from the soft expansion of an area-preserving diffeomorphism algebra, which plays the role of the kinematic algebra in the colour-kinematics duality and the double copy relation between the self-dual theories. The W 1+∞ deformation of w 1+∞ arises from a Moyal deformation of self-dual gravity. This theory is interpreted as a constrained chiral higher-spin gravity, where the field is a tower of higher-spin components fully constrained by the graviton component. In all these theories, the chiral structure of the operator-product expansion exhibits the colour-kinematics duality: the implicit ‘left algebra’ is the self-dual kinematic algebra, while the ‘right algebra’ provides the structure constants of the operator-product expansion, ensuring its associativity at tree level. In a scattering amplitudes version of the Ward conjecture, the left algebra ensures the classical integrability of this type of theories. In particular, it enforces the vanishing of the tree-level amplitudes via the double copy.

Introdução e objetivos: A Serra do Itapetinga abriga um dos mais importantes remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica da Macrometrópole Paulista, a região mais populosa do Brasil. No contexto do tratamento monográfico de Nothoscordum para o país, uma nova espécie com distribuição atual restrita à Serra do Itapetinga foi identificada, e é aqui descrita e ilustrada. M&M: O reconhecimento da nova espécie está baseado tanto em dados morfológicos como moleculares e citogenéticos. As descrições e comparações morfológicas foram feitas a partir da análise de materiais vivos ou depositados nas coleções dos herbários consultados. Com base em marcadores nuclear (ITS) e plastidiais (ndhF e matK) uma filogenia molecular incluindo a espécie descrita é apresentada. O seu estado de conservação foi avaliado de acordo com diretrizes e critérios da IUCN. Resultados: Nothoscordum itapetinga apresenta filamentos estaminais não fundidos na base, uma característica típica da seção Nothoscordum. Seu posicionamento nesta seção também é suportado por dados moleculares e o número cromossômico básico. São fornecidos seu número cromossômico, fórmula cariotípica e conteúdo total de DNA. Comentários sobre sua distribuição, hábitat e conservação são apresentados. Conclusões: Com base nos dados disponíveis, a nova espécie é considerada Criticamente em Perigo de extinção. As localidades de ocorrência sofreram por décadas com os impactos decorrentes do uso intensivo e não ordenado, além de incêndios florestais, e que alteraram parte de sua estrutura e composição florística. Somados aos esforços para a localização de registros adicionais, ações urgentes de proteção e conservação são consideradas fundamentais para garantir a sobrevivência dos acessos remanescentes de N. itapetinga.

Given the ambitious targets of carbon emission reduction set for the very near future, it is now expected that retrofitting operations on existing buildings aim both at reducing their operational energy consumption and at improving their seismic performance. Indeed, it is now well acknowledged that, if a sole energy efficiency upgrade is provided to a given building, in case of an earthquake occurrence, double economic and environmental losses will be experienced due to both the lost investment for energy retrofitting and the repair and retrofitting activities for post-earthquake damage. Moreover, social losses may also be experienced in terms of casualties, injured or homeless due to the seismic and structural deficiencies of the existing structure. To aid thus the process of a coupled seismic/energy renovation of the existing building stock, several multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches have been developed for the identification of optimal retrofitting solutions for buildings. Such procedures typically consider a range of economic, social, technical, and, more recently, environmental aspects that are assumed to be of interest to decision makers (e.g., installation cost, duration of works, architectural impact, need for specialised workers, etc.). The present study demonstrates the application to a case-study school building of two different MCDM approaches, which account for seismic vulnerability and energy efficiency, as well as related environmental impacts of buildings. The main differences between the two procedures are explored in terms of considered decision-making parameters and corresponding weights, rankings of retrofitting options and identification of the optimal retrofitting strategies.

Abstract Recent work has shown how on-shell three-point amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, representing the coupling to massive particles, correspond in the classical limit to the curvature spinors of linearised solutions. This connection, made explicit via the KMOC formalism in split metric signature, turns the double copy of scattering amplitudes into the double copy of classical solutions. Here, we extend this framework to the universal massless sector of supergravity, which is the complete double copy of pure gauge theory. Our extension relies on a Riemann-Cartan curvature incorporating the dilaton and the B-field. In this setting, we can determine the most general double copy arising from the product of distinct gauge theory solutions, say a dyon and Kerr $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Kerr}} $$ . This gives a double-copy interpretation to gravity solutions of the type Kerr-Taub-NUT-dilaton-axion. We also discuss the extension to heterotic gravity. Finally, we describe how this formalism for the classical double copy relates to others in the literature, namely (i) why it is an on-shell momentum space analogue of the convolutional prescription, and (ii) why a straightforward prescription in position space is possible for certain vacuum solutions.

Abstract A characteristic value formulation of the Weyl double copy leads to an asymptotic formulation. We find that the Weyl double copy holds asymptotically in cases where the full solution is algebraically general, using rotating STU supergravity black holes as an example. The asymptotic formulation provides clues regarding the relation between asymptotic symmetries that follows from the double copy. Using the C-metric as an example, we show that a previous interpretation of this gravity solution as a superrotation has a single copy analogue relating the appropriate Liénard-Wiechert potential to a large gauge transformation.

Escherichia coli is a versatile commensal species of the animal gut that can also be a pathogen able to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections. The plasticity of its genome has led to the evolution of pathogenic strains, which represent a threat to global health. Additionally, E. coli strains are major drivers of antibiotic resistance, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment and prevention measures. The antigenic and structural heterogeneity of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli colonisation factors has limited their use for the development of effective and cross-protective vaccines. However, the emergence of new strains that express virulence factors deriving from different E. coli diarrhoeagenic pathotypes suggests that a vaccine targeting conserved proteins could be a more effective approach. In this study, we conducted proteomics analysis and functional protein characterisation to identify a group of proteins potentially involved in the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to the extracellular matrix and intestinal epithelial cells. Among them, OmpA has been identified as a highly conserved and immunogenic antigen, playing a significant role in the adhesion phenotype of E. coli O157:H7 and in bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, antibodies raised against recombinant OmpA effectively reduced the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to intestinal epithelial cells. The present work highlights the role of OmpA as a potent antigen for the development of a vaccine against intestinal pathogenic E. coli.

Abstract The three-point amplitude is the key building block in the on-shell approach to scattering amplitudes. We show that the classical objects computed by massive three-point amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity are Newman-Penrose scalars in a split-signature spacetime, where three-point amplitudes can be defined for real kinematics. In fact, the quantum state set up by the particle is a coherent state fully determined by the three-point amplitude due to an eikonal-type exponentiation. Having identified this simplest classical solution from the perspective of scattering amplitudes, we explore the double copy of the Newman-Penrose scalars induced by the traditional double copy of amplitudes, and find that it coincides with the Weyl version of the classical double copy. We also exploit the Kerr-Schild version of the classical double copy to determine the exact spacetime metric in the gravitational case. Finally, we discuss the direct implication of these results for Lorentzian signature via analytic continuation.

Abstract The double copy relates scattering amplitudes and classical solutions in Yang-Mills theory, gravity, and related field theories. Previous work has shown that this has an explicit realisation in self-dual YM theory, where the equation of motion can be written in a form that maps directly to Plebański’s heavenly equation for self-dual gravity. The self-dual YM equation involves an area-preserving diffeomorphism algebra, two copies of which appear in the heavenly equation. In this paper, we show that this construction is a special case of a wider family of heavenly-type examples, by (i) performing Moyal deformations, and (ii) replacing the area-preserving diffeomorphisms with a less restricted algebra. As a result, we obtain a double-copy interpretation for hyper-Hermitian manifolds, extending the previously known hyper-Kähler case. We also introduce a double-Moyal deformation of the heavenly equation. The examples where the construction of Lax pairs is possible are manifestly consistent with Ward’s conjecture, and suggest that the classical integrability of the gravity-type theory may be guaranteed in general by the integrability of at least one of two gauge-theory-type single copies.

Abstract Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, i.e. autoimmune epithelitis. Lymphocytes are central in SjS pathogenesis, with B-cell hyperactivity mediated by T-cells. B-cells are main targets of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, a frequently-suggested trigger for SjS. We aimed to evaluate how the EBV infection modulates B and T-cell subsets in SjS, including as controls Rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) and healthy participants (HC). SjS patients presented decreased CXCR5+T-cells, although IL21-secreting Tfh and Tfc cells were increased. Tfc were positively correlated with ESSDAI scores, suggesting their relevant role in SjS pathogenesis. As previously described, SjS patients showed expanded circulating naïve B-cell compartments. SjS patients had a higher incidence of EBV-EA-D-IgG+ antibodies, characteristic of recent EBV-infection/reactivation. SjS patients with past infection or recent infection/reactivation showed increased CXCR3+Th1 and CXCR3+Tfh1 cells compared to those without active infection. SjS patients with a recent infection/reactivation profile presented increased transitional B-cells compared to patients with past infection and increased plasmablasts, compared to those without infection. Our results suggest EBV-infection contributes to B and T-cell differentiation towards the effector phenotypes typical of SjS. Local lymphocyte activation at ectopic germinal centres, mediated by Tfh and Tfc, can be EBV-driven, perpetuating autoimmune epithelitis, which leads to gland destruction in SjS.

Abstract We investigate how loop-level propagators arise from tree level via a forward-limit procedure in two modern approaches to scattering amplitudes, namely the BCFW recursion relations and the scattering equations formalism. In the first part of the paper, we revisit the BCFW construction of one-loop integrands in momentum space, using a convenient parametrisation of the D-dimensional loop momentum. We work out explicit examples with and without supersymmetry, and discuss the non-planar case in both gauge theory and gravity. In the second part of the paper, we study an alternative approach to one-loop integrands, where these are written as worldsheet formulas based on new one-loop scattering equations. These equations, which are inspired by BCFW, lead to standard Feynman-type propagators, instead of the ‘linear’-type loop-level propagators that first arose from the formalism of ambitwistor strings. We exploit the analogies between the two approaches, and present a proof of an all-multiplicity worldsheet formula using the BCFW recursion.

Abstract The classical double copy relates solutions to the equations of motion in gauge theory and in gravity. In this paper, we present two double-copy formalisms for relating the Coulomb solution in gauge theory to the two-parameter Janis-Newman-Winicour solution in gravity. The latter is a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically fiat solution that generically includes a dilaton field, but also admits the Schwarzschild solution as a special case. We first present the classical double copy as a perturbative construction, similar to its formulation for scattering amplitudes, and then present it as an exact map, with a novel generalisation of the Kerr-Schild double copy motivated by double field theory. The latter formalism exhibits the relation between the Kerr-Schild classical double copy and the string theory origin of the double copy for scattering amplitudes.

Abstract We propose new formulae for the two-loop n-point D-dimensional integrands of scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory and gravity. The loop integrands are written as a double-forward limit of tree-level trivalent diagrams, and are inferred from the formalism of the two-loop scattering equations. We discuss the relationship between the formulae for non-supersymmetric theories and the Neveu-Schwarz sector of the formulae for maximally supersymmetric theories, which can be derived from ambitwistor strings. An important property of the loop integrands is that they are expressed in a representation that includes linear-type propagators. This representation exhibits a loop-level version of the colour- kinematics duality, which follows directly from tree level via the double-forward limit.

This article presents experimental research focusing on the structural failure of the central core of a rockfill dam using sand-bentonite mixtures. It comprised an extensive geotechnical characterization of soil materials and mixtures, including compaction and strength tests, as well as the construction of 1 m high and 1.5 m wide physical models. The displacements of the cohesive cores were recorded using a tailored measuring system, based on a laser pointer and a mirror, designed to amplify the real displacements. The cohesive cores were extremely sensitive to small oscillations and behaved as rigid bodies, similar to concrete slabs with three fixed sides and another free. The shape and dimensions of the breach formed on the cohesive cores had roughly the same shape and dimensions as the unprotected area. This experimental research has the potential to be used as validation tool for several models available in the literature to predict the failure of embankment dams.

Past earthquake evidence has shown the high vulnerability of Italian school buildings, given by the extensive damage observed to structural and non-structural elements. Such vulnerability demonstrates the need to undertake a seismic risk assessment and reduction strategies for critical facilities and allocation of national funds for retrofit interventions to those regions where seismic risk is higher. To do so, Expected Annual Losses (EAL) are evermore considered one of the main seismic risk metrics, which can, however, be largely affected by the epistemic uncertainty that typically characterizes the material and geometrical properties of existing buildings, particularly masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) ones. This paper investigates the implications of accounting for a thorough identification of sources and characterization of uncertainty in seismic loss estimates on the risk assessment of a typical Italian masonry-infilled RC school building. The variability in masonry infill properties and modeling assumptions, as well as the subsequent epistemic uncertainty, are explicitly considered in the loss estimation of the RC school building. Specifically, the impact on the expected annual loss ratio is quantified in terms of both structural and non-structural components, depending on the engineering demand parameter to which they are sensitive. The results show that, when considering the uncertainty related to the variability in masonry infills, higher loss ratios of up to 30% are obtained with respect to the available literature estimates.

This study proposed a model to examine the role of self-efficacy, career goals, and athletic identity (AI) on the career planning of elite soccer players. Two hundred and eighty-one elite soccer players (males) participated in this study. Means, SD, and bivariate correlations were calculated for the variables under analysis. The hypothesized effect of self-efficacy, career goals, and AI on career planning was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results supported the adequacy of the proposed model in explaining the career planning. Career planning is positively influenced by the level of self-efficacy of players through the definition of career goals and is negatively influenced by the level of AI. At the same time, the self-efficacy of players through the definition of career goals positively influenced AI. These findings reinforce the important role of self-efficacy and career goals for the development of AI and career planning and at the same time the opposite relationship between AI and career planning. Thus, it is suggested that a balance on AI, maintaining high levels of self-efficacy and career goals, is required to improve the process of career planning and retirement.

Modern society requires that structures exhibit greater levels of resilience, especially under earthquakes. The seismic resilience of buildings is thus gaining increased attention as a particular, beyond-code approach. Seismically retrofitted buildings behave satisfactorily under expected earthquake scenarios; however, this does not guarantee operativity after a seismic event. This study critically reviews several methods currently available in the literature that quantify the seismic resilience level of buildings from different perspectives. An existing reinforced concrete school building, retrofitted according to four distinct strategies, is first evaluated in terms of seismic resilience levels. The overview and critical analysis of available resilience assessment frameworks determine the most suitable parameters to measure the seismic resilience for buildings. Subsequently, this metric is incorporated as an additional decision variable into an integrated seismic and energy retrofitting set of strategies. A multicriteria decision-making analysis is performed to select the optimally combined seismic and energy retrofitting alternative under social, technical, environmental evaluation, and seismic resilience aspects. We show how resilience impacts the preference for integrated seismic and energy retrofitting strategies, especially when this metric is considered as an annualized expected value.

As many European countries, the Portuguese territory is a region of moderate seismicity, and a large part of its building stock includes reinforced concrete (RC) buildings built before the introduction of modern seismic codes (

This paper presents the results of an extensive laboratory set of tests aimed to study the failure of the downstream shoulder of highly permeable rockfill subjected to overflow. The experimental research comprised testing 114 physical models by varying the following elements: (i) the median size of the uniform gravels (7 to 45 mm); (ii) the configuration of the dam, i.e., upstream and downstream shoulders and crest or just the downstream shoulder; (iii) the dam height (from 0.2 to 1 m), (iv) the crest length (from 0.4 to 2.5 m), (v) the downstream slope (from 1 to 3.5 H:V), (vi) the type of impervious element (i.e., central core, upstream face, and no impervious element). The tests allowed us to identify two failure mechanisms, slumping and particle dragging. In addition, the downstream slope was observed to be one of the most important variables in this parametric study, as it influenced the pore water pressures inside the dam, the failure discharge, and the occurrence of one or the other mechanism of failure.

Abstract We derive from ambitwistor strings new formulae for two-loop scattering amplitudes in supergravity and super-Yang-Mills theory, with any number of particles. We start by constructing a formula for the type II ambitwistor string amplitudes on a genus-two Riemann surface, and then study the localisation of the moduli space integration on a degenerate limit, where the genus-two surface turns into a Riemann sphere with two nodes. This leads to scattering amplitudes in supergravity, expressed in the formalism of the two-loop scattering equations. For super-Yang-Mills theory, we import ‘half’ of the supergravity result, and determine the colour dependence by considering a current algebra on the nodal Riemann sphere, thereby completely specifying the two-loop analogue of the Parke-Taylor factor, including non-planar contributions. We also present in appendices explicit expressions for the Szegő kernels and the partition functions for even spin structures, up to the relevant orders in the degeneration parameters, which may be useful for related investigations in conventional superstring theory.

Pitaya is considered a very promising cactus fruit, however, there is a lack of studies that support the definition of more suitable production systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of NPK mineral fertilization on pitaya initial growth, aiming the definition of nutritional and fertilization management appropriate to the agricultural exploitation of the crop. The assay was conducted in the greenhouse of the Biotechnology Laboratory. The propagating part of pitaya is its stem known as cladode. The cladodes were planted in pots of 8.0 dm3, filled with substrate based on soil from termites. The donor matrices of vegetative material were young specimens of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). 72 cuttings of 30.0 cm in length were used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 9 treatments (NPK doses) and 4 replications, totalizing 36 experimental plots. Each experimental plot was composed of 2 cuttings. Number of cladodes, sum of cladodes length, fresh cladodes mass, dry cladodes mass, root system length, root system fresh mass and root system dry mass were evaluated at 160 days after planting the morphological characters. The results of the variables were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. NPK fertilization affected the initial growth of the aerial part and the root system of pitaya. The greatest development of pitaya was provided by 450.0 mg dm-3 of N, 250.0 mg dm-3 of P and 250.0 mg dm-3 of K.

Performance-based earthquake engineering has created the need for practical ways to assess the response of non-structural components (NSCs), which may be affected by deformation and/or acceleration demands of the superstructure. In the research study detailed in this paper, peak floor accelerations (PFAs) and floor response spectra (FRS) are computed using non-linear time history analysis (NTHA) for a comprehensive suite of 30 steel moment-resisting frame (MRF) archetypes, designed in accordance to Eurocode 8, considering different levels of non-linear seismic demand. The mean trends observed were compared with the most recent approaches proposed in the literature for prediction of acceleration demands. It was found that for PFAs, the available methods provide accurate predictions of the actual structural response under elastic and inelastic demands. However, the estimation procedures for the FRS yielded relevant differences in comparison to the observed elastic and inelastic responses, which entails the need for further development of such methods. It was also concluded that the existing PFA and FRS estimation methodologies present in several guidelines for seismic design and/or assessment do not provide reliable estimates of the acceleration demands incurred by the building. This highlights the very important need for an improvement of these codified procedures for a more reliable prediction of the seismic structural response.

Abstract We present new and explicit formulae for the one-loop integrands of scattering amplitudes in non-supersymmetric gauge theory and gravity, valid for any number of particles. The results exhibit the colour-kinematics duality in gauge theory and the double-copy relation to gravity, in a form that was recently observed in supersymmetric theories. The new formulae are expressed in a particular representation of the loop integrand, with only one quadratic propagator, which arises naturally from the framework of the loop-level scattering equations. The starting point in our work are the expressions based on the scattering equations that were recently derived from ambitwistor string theory. We turn these expressions into explicit formulae depending only on the loop momentum, the external momenta and the external polarisations. These formulae are valid in any number of spacetime dimensions for pure Yang-Mills theory (gluon) and its natural double copy, NS-NS gravity (graviton, dilaton, B-field), and we also present formulae in four spacetime dimensions for pure gravity (graviton). We perform several tests of our results, such as checking gauge invariance and directly matching our four-particle formulae to previously known expressions. While these tests would be elaborate in a Feynman-type representation of the loop integrand, they become straightforward in the representation we use.

Abstract We consider two-dimensional chiral, first-order conformal field theories governing maps from the Riemann sphere to the projective light cone inside Minkowski space — the natural setting for describing conformal field theories in two fewer dimensions. These theories have a SL(2) algebra of local bosonic constraints which can be supplemented by additional fermionic constraints depending on the matter content of the theory. By computing the BRST charge associated with gauge fixing these constraints, we find anomalies which vanish for specific target space dimensions. These critical dimensions coincide precisely with those for which (biadjoint) cubic scalar theory, gauge theory and gravity are classically conformally invariant. Furthermore, the BRST cohomology of each theory contains vertex operators for the full conformal multiplets of single field insertions in each of these space-time CFTs. We give a prescription for the computation of three-point functions, and compare our formalism with the scattering equations approach to on-shell amplitudes.

Abstract The double copy relates scattering amplitudes in gauge and gravity theories. In this paper, we expand the scope of the double copy to construct spacetime metrics through a systematic perturbative expansion. The perturbative procedure is based on direct calculation in Yang-Mills theory, followed by squaring the numerator of certain perturbative diagrams as specified by the double-copy algorithm. The simplest spherically symmetric, stationary spacetime from the point of view of this procedure is a particular member of the Janis-Newman-Winicour family of naked singularities. Our work paves the way for applications of the double copy to physically interesting problems such as perturbative black-hole scattering.

O presente artigo, visa discutir sobre as estabilizações psicóticas, a metáfora delirante e o sinthoma, tomando como referência as leituras psicanalíticas de Freud e Lacan, respectivamente, sobre o presidente Schreber e o escritor irlandês James Joyce. Concluiremos que a suplência subjetiva que o sujeito psicótico pode recorrer na busca de sua estabilização não se restringe à metáfora delirante. O psicótico também poderá encontrar diferentes soluções para o seu adoecimento, tal como produzir um sinthoma, a exemplo de Joyce com sua arte.

The importance of non-structural elements in performance-based seismic design of buildings is presently widely recognized. These elements may significantly affect the functionality of buildings even for low seismic intensities, in particular for the case of critical facilities, such as hospital buildings. One of the most important issues to deal with in the seismic performance assessment of non-structural elements is the definition of the seismic demand. This paper investigates the seismic demand to which the non-structural elements of a case-study hospital building located in a medium–high seismicity region in Italy, are prone. The seismic demand is evaluated for two seismic intensities that correspond to the definition of serviceability limit states, according to Italian and European design and assessment guidelines. Peak floor accelerations, interstorey drifts, absolute acceleration, and relative displacement floor response spectra are estimated through nonlinear time–history analyses. The absolute acceleration floor response spectra are then compared with those obtained from simplified code formulations, highlighting the main shortcomings surrounding the practical application of performance-based seismic design of non-structural elements. The absolute acceleration floor response spectra are then compared with those obtained from simplified code formulations. The results, both in terms of absolute acceleration and relative displacement floor response spectra, highlighted the influence of the higher modes of the structure and the inaccuracy of the code provisions, pointing out the need for more accurate simplified methodologies for the practical application of performance-based seismic design of non-structural elements.

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with masonry infills represent one of the most common structural typologies worldwide. Although, in the past, masonry infills were frequently considered as non-structural elements and their interaction with the structure was neglected, earthquakes occurring over the last decades have demonstrated the important role of these elements in the seismic response of all RC-infilled building typologies. In this regard, the selection of the most suitable numerical modelling approaches to reproduce the hysteretic response of the masonry infills—and their interaction with the RC frames—is still an open issue. To deal with this issue, in this study, a macro-classification based on different available databases of experimental tests on infilled RC frames, is firstly proposed to understand the variability in the infill properties and the corresponding numerical modelling uncertainties. Five masonry infill types are selected as representative for the typical existing configurations in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. Three of those masonry infill types are then selected to carry out a more detailed analysis, namely their numerical modelling validation using experimental testing results, considering and comparing the main formulations available in the literature for the definition of the hysteretic behaviour of infills. From such a comparison, the model that minimizes the prediction error, according to specific features of the selected masonry infill, is identified for each masonry infill type.

The double copy is a much-studied relationship between gauge theory and gravity amplitudes. Recently, this was generalised to an infinite family of classical solutions to Einstein's equations, namely stationary Kerr–Schild geometries. In this paper, we extend this to the Taub–NUT solution in gravity, which has a double Kerr–Schild form. The single copy of this solution is a dyon, whose electric and magnetic charges are related to the mass and NUT charge in the gravity theory. Finally, we find hints that the classical double copy extends to curved background geometries.

Entre todas as adversidades presentes nas instituições de saúde mental, o desafio de conceber uma clínica em que verdadeiramente um caso seja tratado como um caso único tem se revelado como uma das mais complexas e urgentes. Para além das formalizações e dos tratamentos tradicionais, os sujeitos diante do adoecimento, ou diante de suas falhas estruturais, têm apresentado soluções que desafiam a nossa compreensão do tratamento, reforçando assim a necessidade de produzir um saber em torno desta questão. A partir do estudo do ensino de Jacques Lacan sobre o sinthoma joyciano, pretendemos, neste artigo, realizar um percurso teórico que consistirá na passagem do sintoma epifania ao sinthoma escritura. Não temos como finalidade uma reflexão literária da obra do escritor irlandês James Joyce. Apesar de abordarmos a sua escrita, com seus enigmas e suas inusitadas epifanias, nosso foco continuará sendo a sua solução como exemplo de escritura que faz nó borromeano. Enfim, nosso objetivo é trazer à discussão a contribuição que o sinthoma joyciano representa para a clínica, no que diz respeito à solução singular que o sujeito psicótico pode vir apresentar diante daquilo que Lacan definiu como forclusão do Nome-do-Pai. Nessa direção, chegamos à conclusão de que este sinthoma representa uma solução de sua falha paterna, uma suplência singular de sua forclusão de fato em um período anterior ao próprio desencadeamento psicótico. Acreditamos que este saber teórico representa uma oportunidade de reflexão sobre a ampliação dos limites de uma prática clínica, pois trás ao debate a diversidade de soluções que o sujeito pode apresentar diante de sua falha estrutural.

PURPOSE:To investigate by histomorphometry the distraction osteogenesis by Ilizarov technique in dog radius with the use of autologous stem cells in regenerated bone. METHODS:Ten dogs (20 radiuses) underwent the osteotomy of 20% of extension of their radiuses, and osteogenic distraction using the Ilizarov technique after this procedure at rate of 1mm per day divided into 0.5mm every 12 hours. The elongation was performed until the regeneration reached 20% of the total length of the radius. The stem cells were isolated, concentrated and injected in the regenerated bone, when it reached 10% of the length of the entire radius. The regenerated bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis when the elongation was 20% the size of radius. RESULTS: The bone formation was evidenced by histomorphometric indices were significantly greater in the study group. In the histology evaluation the type of healing was mixed in 80% (intra membrane and endocondral) in both groups; the osteoblastic activity from moderate to intense was greater in the study group; and the space occupied by the newly-formed bone tissue was more evident in the study group. CONCLUSIONS:The histomorphometric indices in this study expressing the microarchitecture, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, number of trabecula and quantity of bone that was significant in the group study. These data suggest that the use of undifferentiated stem cells autologous bone marrow in the regenerate bone induces osteogenesis and bone quality.

Species richness and abundance of seven Plagiometriona species on their host plants were studied along a single trail in the mountainous Serra dos Órgãos National Park in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Six sites were chosen along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 1300 m to 2050 m, where all Solanaceae host plants were inspected in search of adults every two months from June 2006 to June 2007. Species richness did not vary clearly with altitude, but abundance increased up to 1800 m, where the highest mean host plant density was found, and abruptly decreased at the last elevational site. Most species showed a restricted distribution and just one occurred across the entire gradient. For at least four species, altitudinal distribution seems to be strongly related to host plant availability, while for the others it is difficult to access which factors are decisive, due to their low numbers. Only in October all species were found in the field, although February was the month with the highest total abundance. Over the course of the study, the greatest abundances were recorded from October to February, comprehending the hottest and rainiest months, and the lowest abundances were found from June to August, which include the coldest and driest months. Thus, species seasonal distribution, supported by other studies in the same area, seems to be related to the local climate.

This study evaluated the effect of light, temperature, physiologic stage at harvest and length of time on the germination of Hyptis marrubioides seeds. Two trials were conducted. The first experiment was performed immediately after the seed harvest and consisted of a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design with 2 environmental conditions (light and dark), 3 temperatures (20, 30 and 20/30ºC) and 3 seed harvest times (green colored seeds, light brown seeds and dark brown seeds). The second experiment was conducted in the presence of light at a temperature of 30ºC and consisted of a 4 x 3 factorial design, with 4 storage times (0, 6, 12 and 18 months) and the 3 three harvest physiologic stages used in the previous experiment. Both of the experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with 4 replications of 100 seeds. Light did not affect germination. By contrast, a temperature of 20ºC retarded the germination process, although the percentage of germinating seeds was not affected. Seed storage and the different harvest physiologic stages affected the Speed of germination index (SGI) and the germination percentage. Seeds that were harvested at the more mature stage (dark brown color) could be stored for up to 18 months.O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a influência da luz, da temperatura, do estádio fisiológico na colheita e do armazenamento na germinação das sementes de Hyptis marrubioides. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro implantado logo após a colheita das sementes, constituído por um fatorial 2 x 3 x 3, com 2 ambientes (luz e escuro) x 3 temperaturas (20, 30 e 20/30ºC) x 3 épocas de colheita das sementes (sementes com coloração verde, coloração marrom claro e coloração marrom escuro). O segundo experimento, em presença de luz e à temperatura de 30ºC, foi constituído por um esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo 4 tempos de armazenamento (0, 6, 12 e 18 meses) e 3 três estádios fisiológicos de coleta mencionados no experimento anterior. Ambos os experimentos foram implantados no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 100 sementes. Foi verificado que o fator luz não influenciou a germinação. Por outro lado, a temperatura de 20ºC retardou a germinação, apesar de não influenciar a sua porcentagem. O armazenamento e os diferentes estádios fisiológicos de colheita das sementes influenciaram o IVG e a porcentagem de germinação. Sementes coletadas no estádio mais maduro (coloração marron escuro) demonstraram ser apropriadas para o armazenamento por até 18 meses.

A utilização de malhas fotoconversoras para o cultivo de algumas espécies ornamentais e olerícolas tornou-se comum. Diante da grande influência que a radiação solar exerce sobre os vegetais, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da intensidade e da qualidade espectral da luz transmitida pelas malhas fotoconversoras (Chromatinet®) em relação a aspectos fisiológicos de crescimento (teor, rendimento e composição química) do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foram dispostos quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta de quatro vasos (uma planta por vaso). Os tratamentos foram caracterizados por plantas de melissa cultivadas a pleno sol, em malha preta (50%), em malha Chromatinet® vermelha (50%) e em Chromatinet® azul (50%). As características avaliadas consistiram em: fitomassa seca de folhas, caules, parte aérea, raízes e total; razão raiz/parte aérea; área foliar total; razão de área foliar; razão de peso foliar; área foliar específica; teor, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial. A utilização de malhas no cultivo de melissa favoreceu o crescimento, independentemente da cor, em relação ao cultivo a pleno sol. Sob a malha vermelha houve menores teor e rendimento óleo essencial, porém apresentou o maior teor de citral.The use of color shading nets for cultivation of some ornamentals and vegetables has become common. Thus, observing the great influence of the solar radiation on the plant physiology, the objective of this research was to evaluate the the quantity and quality effects of spectral light transmitted through color shading nets (Chromatinet®) in Melissa officinalis L., including physiological aspects as:growth ,content and chemistry composition. Four treatments and five replications were disposed in a completely randomized design, being each experimental unit composed by four pots (one plant per pot). The treatments were lemon balm's plants cultivated under full sunshine, black shading net (50%), red shading net (50%) and blue shading net (50%). The characteristics evaluated were: plant's height; dry phytomass of leaves, stems, aerial part, roots and total; root/aerial part ratio; total leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf weight ratio; specific leaf area; content, yield and composition of the essential oil. The utilization of nets favored the growth organs dry phytomass yield, independently of the color, in comparison with total sun light. Plants under red shading had lower content of essential oil and yield, but they showed the higher content of citral.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de níveis de adubos orgânicos bovino e avícola no teor de clorofila e características anatômicas de folhas de plantas de orégano cultivadas em casade- vegetação. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios separadamente, sendo um com esterco bovino e ooutro com esterco de aves. Plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de 10 L, submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Ensaio I: esterco bovino: 1) solo sem adubação(controle); 2) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 3) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 4) solo + 9,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 5) solo + 12,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; Ensaio II – esterco avícola: 1) solo sem adubação (Controle); 2) solo + 1,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 3) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 4) solo + 4,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha e 5) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e a parcela experimental foi composta por quatro vasos. Observou-se que os níveis de esterco bovino e de aves influenciaram o teor de clorofila e características anatômicas das folhas de orégano.This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of cattle and chicken manure organic fertilization in thechlorophyll content and anatomic parameters of leaves of Origanum vulgare L. cultivated in greenhouse. Two assays were carried out separately, one with cattle manure and the other with chicken manure. Origanum vulgare L. plants were cultivated in 10 L pots with the following treatments: Trial I: Cattle manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12.0 kg m-2 of cattle manure; Trial II: Chicken manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (Control); 2) Soil + 1.5 kg m-2 of chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 of chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5 kg m-2 of chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 of chicken manure. Both trials were carried out in randomized blocks with 4 repetitions and 4 pots per experimental parcel. It was observed thatthe levels of organic fertilization significantly influenced the chlorophyll content and anatomic parameters of wild marjoran leaves.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do meio de cultura no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis, foi realizado o presente trabalho, que avaliaram três concentrações do meio de cultura MS. O experimento foi implantado em delineamentointeiramente casualizado, com sete repetições, e cada repetição foi representada por uma amostra de 20 g de plântulas frescas. A extração do óleo foi realizada em aparelho de Clevenger modificado com duração de 1h e 30 min. e a análise química foi realizada por cromatografiagasosa. Observou-se que o teor e a composição química do óleo essencial de M. officinalis foram influenciados pela concentração de sais do meio MS. As plântulas que se desenvolveram nos meios MS e MS/4 apresentaram maior teor de óleo essencial, e os componentes majoritários foram o geranial (25,23 e 16,21%, respectivamente) e o neral (24,5 e 20,53%, respectivamente). Já o componente majoritário presente no óleo de plântulas de melissa cultivadas em meio MS/2 foio acetato de nerila (18,69%).The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of the culture medium in the content and chemical composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis, evaluating three concentrations of the MS culture medium. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with 7 repetitions, where each repetition was represented by 20 g of fresh biomass. Oil extraction was accomplished using a Clevenger modified device for 1 hour and 30 minutes, and the chemical analysis was accomplished by gas chromatography. It was observed that the content and chemicalcomposition of the essential oil of M. officinalis was influenced by the concentration of MS medium. The plants grown in the MS medium and MS/4 presented higher content of essential oil, and the major components of these plants were geraniol (25.23 and 16.21%, respectively) and nerol (24.5 and 20.53%, respectively). The major component present in the oil of melissa plants cultivated in MS/2 was neryl acetate (18.69%).

A prática da adubação orgânica, além de fornecer nutrientes para as plantas, proporciona a melhoria da estrutura física do solo, aumenta a retenção de água, diminui as perdas por erosão e favorece o controle biológico. O elixir paregórico (Ocimum selloi Benth.) é uma espécie medicinal nativa das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil onde é utilizada popularmente como antidiarréico, antiespasmódico e antiinflamatório. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes doses de dois adubos orgânicos no crescimento, no rendimento e na composição do óleo essencial de elixir paregórico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Lavras, MG, em estufa plástica com os seguintes tratamentos de adubação: ensaio A - esterco bovino: 1) sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3kg m-2 de esterco; 3) solo+ 6kg m-2 de esterco; 4) solo+ 9kg m-2 de esterco; 5) solo + 12kg m-2 de esterco; ensaio B - Esterco avícola: 1) sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 1,5kg m-2 de esterco; 3) solo + 3kg m-2 de esterco; 4) solo + 4,5kg m-2 de esterco e 5) solo + 6kg m-2 de esterco. Foi verificada a influência das doses de adubação com esterco bovino e galinha sobre o crescimento da planta em altura e diâmetro do caule, acúmulo de biomassa seca, AF, AFE, RPF, teor de clorofilas, espessura do limbo foliar, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial.The organic fertilization provides nutrients for the plants, improves the soil physical structure, increases the water retention, reduces the erosion losses and favors the biological control. Ocimum selloi is a native medicinal plant of south and southeast of Brazil where is used popularly as antidiarrhetic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. This research aimed to verify the effect of different doses of two organic fertilizers souces in O. selloi growth, essential oil yield and chemical composition. The experiments were carried out in Lavras, MG, with pots in polyethylene greenhouse with two manuring treatments: Test A - Cattle manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 3kg m-2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6kg m-2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9kg m-2 cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12kg m-2 cattle manure; Test B - Chicken manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 1.5kg m-2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3 kg m-2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5kg m-2 chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6kg m-2 chicken manure. The influence of cattle and chicken manuring doses was verified on plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass weight, TLA, SLA, LWR, chlorophylls content, leaf thickness, essential oil yield and composition.

O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar se a raça e/ou o sistema de criação afetam o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de ovelhas de descarte. Foram utilizadas 20 ovelhas, sendo 10 da raça Ideal e 10 da raça Texel, aleatoriamente distribuídas por grupo genético, em dois sistemas de manejo: confinadas e recebendo dieta à base de silagem de sorgo e concentrado ou mantidas em uma pastagem cultivada de clima temperado. Os principais ácidos graxos presentes no músculo Longissimus das ovelhas em todos os tratamentos foram o oléico (C18:1), o palmítico (C16:0) e o esteárico (C18:0). O grupo genético não afetou o perfil de ácidos graxos encontrados nesse músculo. No entanto, os teores de ácidos graxos do tipo ù3 foram mais altos e a relação ù6/ù3 foi mais baixa nas ovelhas mantidas a pasto. Com base no perfil de ácidos graxos, as ovelhas terminadas em pastagem cultivada proporcionaram uma carne mais saudável para o consumo humano que as ovelhas terminadas em confinamento.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate if the fatty acids profile in meat is affected by sheep breed or managing system. Twenty sheep, being 10 of the Ideal and 10 of the Texel breed, were randomly distributed according to its genetic group in two managing systems: feedlot and receiving sorghum silage and concentrate-based diet or grazing on a temperate pasture. The major fatty acids present in Longissimus muscle of sheep in all treatments were the oleic (C18:1), palmitoleic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0). The genetic group did not affect the fatty acids profile of this muscle. However, the content of ù3 fatty acids was higher (P

No presente trabalho, avaliaram-se o efeito do tamanho e posição de explantes na planta de ipeca e diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo na multiplicação "in vitro" de Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes. O experimento que avaliou o efeito dos diferentes tamanhos e posições de explantes foi conduzido em tubos de ensaio de 25x150 mm, contendo 20 mL de meio de cultivo por tubo, sendo avaliados os tamanhos de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 cm nas posições basal, mediana e apical. No segundo experimento, utilizaram-se frascos nos quais os tratamentos consistiam nos volumes de 10, 20, 30 e 40 mL de meio de cultivo por frasco. O meio de cultivo utilizado nos dois experimentos foi o MS (MURASHIGE e SKOOG, 1962) acrescido de 1,5 mg. L-1 de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina). A posição do segmento internodal não influenciou o desenvolvimento vegetativo; os tamanhos de 1,0 e 1,5 cm apresentaram maior número de brotações que os segmentos com 0,5 cm. No experimento com diferentes volumes de meio de cultivo, observou-se que 30 e 40 mL foram significativamente melhores na indução de brotações adventícias nessa espécie.In this work evaluated the effect of size and position of explant in plant and volume different culture medium on the multiplication of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes "in vitro" conditions. Experiment with different size and positions was conducted in test tube of 25x150 mm, content 20 mL of culture medium with 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5 cm of size and three different positions (basal, median and apical). In the second experiment were utilized differents volumes (10, 20, 30 and 40 mL) of culture medium. Culture medium utilized on two experiments was MS (MURASHIGE and SKOOG, 1962) supplemented with 1,5 mgL-1 of BAP (6-benzilaminopurine). The differents position not observed influenced, where size of 1,0 and 1,5 showed higher numbers of shoots segments. The different volumes of culture medium were observed that 30 and 40 mL showed higher shoot number.

O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes) é muito utilizado na medicina popular em casos de contusões, hemorróidas, infecções do útero e bronquite. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento de óleo essencial e caracterizar organolepticamente folhas de assa-peixe submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem. Entre os métodos de secagem avaliados, a secagem natural à sombra, em secador solar e mista (sol e sombra) foram os métodos que apresentaram maiores teores de óleo. O rendimento de matéria seca de folhas de assa-peixe, após os diferentes métodos de secagem, encontrou-se ao redor de 27,7 a 30,1%. Em todos os métodos de secagem, a cor predominante da face adaxial das folhas de assa-peixe conservou-se verde-escura e da face abaxial verde-clara. No tocante ao odor, observou-se que a secagem à sombra conservou melhor o aroma característico das folhas de V. polyanthes.“Assa-peixe” (Vernonia polyanthes) is highly used in popular medicine in cases of contusion, hemorrhoid, uterus infections and bronchitis. This present work looked for to evaluate the essential oil yield and to characterize organolepticaly the “assa-peixe” leaves under various dry methods. Among the dry methods evaluated the natural dryness under shade, solar dryer and mixed method (sun and shade) were the ones that showed higher oil contents. The yield of “assa-peixe” dry matter after those different dry methods was around 27.7 and 30.1%. In all dry methods the predominant colour of adaxial face of “assa-peixe” leaves remained dark green and abaxial face showed light green. It could also be observed that the dryness under shade kept better the characteristic aroma of V. polyanthes leaves.