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According to recent data reported, it is noted that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death internationally followed by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This disease is observed in both women and men and is related to lifestyle habits. Several causes are reported to be at the origin of lung cancer, especially smoking. It is important to note that the majority of lung cancers develop in the bronchi, that is to say at the level of the upper airways which lead to the lungs, which does not however make it possible to rule out the risk factors that come under environmental pollution since man breathes the air quality of the environment every day for his breathing. This review of the literature has made it possible to draw up a state of knowledge in order to understand the risk factors that increase lung cancer. More specifically, this work will make it possible to raise awareness in the field of the fight against cancer, in particular lung cancer.

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and wireless power transmission (WPT) technologies —both near-field and far-field—have attracted significant interest for wireless applications and RFID systems. We already utilize near-field WPT products in our life and it is expected that RF EH and far-field WPT systems can drive the future low-power wireless systems. In this article, we initially present a brief historical overview of these technologies. The main technical challenges of rectennas and WPT transmitters are discussed. Furthermore, this paper presents the recent advances on the development of these technologies, including the possibility of powering RFID systems through the millimeter wave power from 5G networks, the trends in flexible rectennas design and the technological developments on the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).

Os AA. demonstraram o grande valor que a cintilografia cerebral desempenha no diagnóstico dos tumores primitivos e metastáticos. Em casuística de 109 exames realizados encontraram 36 casos de neoplasias malignas. O trabalho foi ilustrado com diversas figuras.

This paper presents a performance evaluation of single and dual-band software-defined radio (SDR) front-ends using commercially available barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film to control SDR receivers dynamic range and mitigate interference. Firstly, an SDR front-end solution using a BST-based single-band bandpass filter (BPF) is developed to manage in-band attenuation according to the input power. Secondly, a dual-band SDR front-end to avoid high power interference with its spectral content on the below side of the second band is designed. This device is performed with a BST-based dual-band BPF providing independent control of the power limiting capabilities of the first and second bands. The BST component introduces a dependence on bias voltage, frequency, and input power. Consequently, by applying a 0 V bias, it is possible to target interferers between 700 MHz up to 1 GHz and attenuate them more than 7 dB at 40 dBm. The frequency dependence is defined by the second band, which retains its filtering performance while performing interference cancellation in the first band. This SDR solution implements a three functional dimension device in the upper MHz with a power-dependent insertion loss, high threshold power level, and frequency selectivity.

ABSTRACT: The application of zinc fertilizers in the soil has been an agronomic practice to correct Zn deficiency in plants, aiming to increase productivity and/or nutritional quality. This study evaluated how zinc sulfate fertilization affects plant growth, yield performance and nutrient accumulation in the cassava ‘IAC 576-70’. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with eight replications. The treatments consisted of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g p1-1 ZnSO4. Results showed improvement in yield with soil fertilization with ZnSO4, with the optimal dose of 2.5 g pl-1. The uptake of nutrients in plant parts is favored with lower doses of zinc fertilizer, with maximum points ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 g pl-1 for macronutrients and 1.6 to 3.6 g pl-1 for micronutrients. The Zn content in tuberous roots increases by more than 40% with fertilization up to 2.8 g pl-1 of fertilizer, which contributes to the nutritional value of roots.

Aim: Preventive approaches to oral health diseases, mainly dental caries, require individual and collective policies. Thus, this review was conducted to identify the primary prevention methods of dental caries in adults to improve oral health at the clinical and community levels. Methods: This review followed the PICO strategy with the research question: “What are the methods of primary prevention of dental caries, in adults, for improving and maintaining oral health integrating clinical and community-based strategies?” Electronic screening was carried out by two independent reviewers in five databases (MedLine/PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and LILACS) to find relevant publications between 2015–2022. We applied eligibility criteria for selection of the articles. The following MeSH terms were used: “Primary Prevention”; “Adult”; “Oral Health”; “Dental Caries”; “Fluorides, Topical”; “Fluoride Varnishes”; “Pit and Fissure Sealants”; “Preventive Dentistry”. Although the term “Prevention strategy” is not a MeSH descriptor, several correlated terms appeared and were used in the search engines: “Preventative Care”, “Disease Prevention, Primary”, and “Prevention, Primary”. The tool provided by the JBI organization (Joanna Briggs Institute) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: Nine studies were included. Overall, it was found that the main primary prevention methods applied in dentistry in adults are the application of pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride performed in the dental clinic, use of fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash with chlorhexidine at home, use of xylitol, the recommendation for regular appointments with the dentist, and the need to inform patients about the saliva buffer capacity and adoption of a non-cariogenic diet. For that purpose, preventive policies should be taken to prevent dental caries. These include three major challenges: providing the adult population with more knowledge regarding their oral health, empowering patients through adopting healthy lifestyles, and developing new preventive strategies and awareness campaigns aimed at the adult population to promote proper oral health habits. Conclusions: A small number of studies were found whose participants were adult patients. There was some consistency regarding primary prevention methods in our studies. However, good quality randomized control studies are still required to define the best intervention strategies for adult caries prevention.

Abstract Formation, maintenance, and repair of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are critical for central nervous system homeostasis. The interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with brain pericytes is known to induce BBB characteristics in brain ECs during embryogenesis and can be used to differentiate human ECs from stem cell source in in vitro BBB models. However, the molecular events involved in BBB maturation are not fully understood. To this end, human ECs derived from hematopoietic stem cells were cultivated with either primary bovine or cell line-derived human brain pericytes to induce BBB formation. Subsequently, the transcriptomic profiles of solocultured vs. cocultured ECs were analysed over time by Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) technology. This RNA sequencing method is a 3′-end targeted, tag-based, reduced representation transcriptome profiling technique, that can reliably quantify all polyadenylated transcripts including those with low expression. By analysing the generated transcriptomic profiles, we can explore the molecular processes responsible for the functional changes observed in ECs in coculture with brain pericytes (e.g. barrier tightening, changes in the expression of transporters and receptors). Our results identified several up- and downregulated genes and signaling pathways that provide a valuable data source to further delineate complex molecular processes that are involved in BBB formation and BBB maintenance. In addition, this data provides a source to identify novel targets for central nervous system drug delivery strategies.

Echovirus-30 (E-30) is a non-polio enterovirus responsible for meningitis outbreaks in children worldwide. To gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), E-30 first has to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). E-30 may use lipid rafts of the host cells to interact with and to invade the BCSFB. To study enteroviral infection of the BCSFB, an established in vitro model based on human immortalized brain choroid plexus papilloma (HIBCPP) cells has been used. Here, we investigated the impact of E-30 infection on the protein content of the lipid rafts at the BCSFB in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis following E-30 infection versus uninfected conditions revealed differential abundancy in proteins implicated in cellular adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, and endocytosis/vesicle budding. Further, we evaluated the blocking of endocytosis via clathrin/dynamin blocking and its consequences for E-30 induced barrier disruption. Interestingly, blocking of endocytosis had no impact on the capacity of E-30 to induce loss of barrier properties in HIBCPP cells. Altogether, these data highlight the impact of E-30 on HIBCPP cells microdomain as an important factor for host cell alteration.

Echovirus-30 (E-30) is responsible for the extensive global outbreaks of meningitis in children. To gain access to the central nervous system, E-30 first has to cross the epithelial blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Several meningitis causing bacteria preferentially infect human choroid plexus papilloma (HIBCPP) cells in a polar fashion from the basolateral cell side. Here, we investigated the polar infection of HIBCPP cells with E-30. Both apical and basolateral infections caused a significant decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of HIBCPP cells. However, to reach the same impact on the barrier properties, the multiplicity of infection of the apical side had to be higher than that of the basolateral infection. Furthermore, the number of infected cells at respective time-points after basolateral infection was significantly higher compared to apical infection. Cytotoxic effects of E-30 on HIBCPP cells during basolateral infection were observed following prolonged infection and appeared more drastically compared to the apical infection. Gene expression profiles determined by massive analysis of cDNA ends revealed distinct regulation of specific genes depending on the side of HIBCPP cells’ infection. Altogether, our data highlights the polar effects of E-30 infection in a human in vitro model of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier leading to central nervous system inflammation.

We hereby describe a rare case of unilateral sphenoid wing dysplasia nonassociated with neurofibromatosis, which presented with pulsating proptosis with resting enophthalmos and with Valsalva-induced exophthalmos.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a criação da lei de 15 de outubro de 1886 que aboliu a pena de açoites no Brasil. Diferentemente da historiografia dedicada ao tema que destacou o contexto antiescravista internacional e as disputas parlamentares, pretendo olhar para os debates travados no âmbito da Justiça e da imprensa a partir do estudo de três casos que tiveram grande repercussão nas décadas de 1870 e 1880. Minha intenção é demonstrar como as discussões parlamentares para a abolição da pena de açoites no Brasil relacionavam-se a um amplo debate de crítica aos castigos físicos nos anos finais da escravidão.

Indirect selection can be considered an interesting strategy for plant breeding, especially when an easily measurable/high heritability trait is highly correlated with a target trait which has a lower heritability in segregating populations. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations and to evaluate the partition of genotypic correlations in direct and indirect effects of agronomic variables on the GY variable, through the analysis of two cultivated environments in fifteen wheat segregating populations. The agronomic traits grain yield per plant (GY), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain weight per ear (GWE), thousand grain weight (TGW), number of fertile tillers (NFT), days from emergence to flowering (DEF), days from flowering to maturity (DFM), total development cycle (CYC), and percentage of lodging (LODG), were evaluated in F4 populations under two cropping systems (with and without flooding). In all populations, by means of simple correlations, the selection of more productive plants can be accomplished by indirect selection for NGE, GWE and NFT. Through path analysis, it was possible to identify an indirect effect on GY by NGE. Also, the effect of GWE, NFT, CYC and DEF on the correlation between other characters (NGE x GY, GY x WTG, DFM x GY, GY x CYC and GY x LODG), emphasizing that the NGE, GWE, NFT, DEF and CYC are the main characters to consider for increasing grain yield in wheat.

Extracellular vesicles are released by numerous cell types of the human body under physiological but also under pathophysiological conditions. They are important for cell−cell communication and carry specific signatures of peptides and RNAs. In this study, we aimed to determine whether extracellular vesicles isolated from patients with pulmonary hypertension show a disease specific signature of small non-coding RNAs and thus have the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles were isolated from the serum of 23 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and 23 controls using two individual methods: a column-based method or by precipitation. Extracellular vesicle- associated RNAs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing applying molecular barcoding, and differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We identified 18 microRNAs and 21 P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) or piRNA clusters that were differentially expressed in CTEPH patients compared with controls. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a contribution of these piRNAs to the progression of cardiac and vascular remodeling. Expression levels of DQ593039 correlated with clinically meaningful parameters such as mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Thus, we identified the extracellular vesicle- derived piRNA, DQ593039, as a potential biomarker for pulmonary hypertension and right heart disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess five intraocular lens (IOL) formula refractive outcomes in eyes with extreme axial length (AL) in the day-to-day practice of a secondary care center. Design: This is a retrospective consecutive case series. Methods: From all uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgeries performed during 2018 (n = 1528), eyes with AL ≤22 mm and ≥25 mm were included and, after applying exclusion criteria, were validated (n = 114). Five IOL power formula predictions were compared to registered postsurgical refractions using IOL Master 500©. Two subgroups were created: eyes with AL ≤22 mm (n = 52) and AL ≥25 mm (n = 62). The formula performance in each subgroup was assessed by values of mean error, mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error, standard deviation, and frequencies of eyes within lesser values of prediction error (PE). Results: The formulae presented different PE values in both subgroups. In AL ≤22 mm subgroup, the MAE was 0.622 (±0.120) for Barrett II, 0.684 (±0.153) for Haigis, 0.625 (±0.131) for Hoffer Q, 0.593 (±0.130) for Holladay I, and 0.593 (±0.119) for SRK/T, without statistical significance (P > 0.05). In AL ≥25 mm subgroup, the MAE was 0.409 (±0.110) for Barrett II, 0.739 (±0.159) for Haigis, 1.143 (±0.224) for Hoffer Q, 1.058 (±0.212) for Holladay I, and 0.928 (±0.190) for SRK/T, with statistical significance compared to Barrett II and Haigis (P < 0.001). In this subgroup, the application of Wang–Koch AL adjustment seemed an advantage in Hoffer Q and Holladay I, whereas a disadvantage in Haigis and SRK/T. Conclusions: Despite performing better than any other formulae, the 4th generation formulae performed worse than initially expected. Formula constants might explain this difference, and different IOL models can be used. However, these limitations are faced in day-to-day practice. Thus, these results hold their value as real-life refractive outcomes in eyes with extreme AL.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to validate the multimedia version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis II Questionnaire in Portuguese language. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised 30 patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), evaluated at the Orofacial Pain Control Center of the Dental School of the University of Pernambuco, Brazil, between April and June 2006. Data collection was performed using the following instruments: Simplifed Anamnestic Index (SAI) and RDC/TMD Axis II written version and multimedia version. The validation process consisted of analyzing the internal consistency of the scales. Concurrent and convergent validity were evaluated by the Spearman's rank correlation. In addition, test and analysis of reproducibility by the Kappa weighted statistical test and Spearman's rank correlation test were performed. RESULTS: The multimedia version of the RDC/TMD Axis II questionnaire in Portuguese was considered consistent (Crombrach alpha = 0.94), reproducible (Spearman 0.670 to 0.913, p

Postharvest handling of corn is an important factor in the production of green corn, since it can represent up to 50% of the total production cost of this crop. As a few studies have analyzed the procedures for this fresh product, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions and type of package on starch contents in green corn grains. Two corn hybrids were used in this experiment: AG 1051 and DINA 170, harvested at approximately 80 percent moisture. Two assays were conducted, being one under refrigeration at 5ºC ± 0.8ºC, and another at room temperature (22ºC ± 1.8ºC). In these conditions, three different types of package were evaluated: ears with husks, ears without husks and ears wrapped in a PVC film (without husks). Evaluations and samplings were done every three days for the treatments at room temperature and every five days for the treatments at 5ºC. Starch quantification was done using anthrone reaction. A completely randomized design with a subdivided plots scheme was used, with two replications. The means were compared by Turkey test at 5% probability. Results showed that, at room temperature, grains from wrapped ears presented lowest starch contents, regardless hybrid analyzed, and PVC film was unable to reduce the starch accumulation rates, at the tested temperatures, in both hybrids, during the ten days of storage.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as questões que envolvem a pesquisa e a narrativa de biografias de escravos e forros, tomando como ponto de partida o estudo de um plano de insurreição, descoberto na cidade de Campinas no ano de 1832. A intenção é destacar os desafios que implicam a construção de trajetórias de “gente comum” e ainda algumas das estratégias que podem ser adotadas. Chamaremos a atenção para o método de ligação nominativa de fontes e para a análise quantitativa dos dados como possíveis caminhos para a elaboração dessas biografias.

Nos dias 8 e 9 de janeiro de 1873 dois senhores de Campos dos Goytacazes, no norte fluminense, foram assassinados por seus escravos. Os casos despertaram na época temores de uma grande agitação cativa, forçando o envio de tropas policiais da Corte para a cidade de Campos e a condenação dos réus nas rígidas disposições da lei de 10 de junho de 1835. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a documentação judicial e burocrática gerada por esses dois casos de assassinato, buscando aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a organização do plano dos escravos, dos seus objetivos e de sua relação com o contexto emancipacionista da década de 1870. Interessa ainda analisar o conhecimento que os cativos tinham da estrutura repressiva do Estado e como tal saber influenciou na própria organização de seus movimentos rebeldes. Palavras-chave: Rebeldia escrava; Justiça criminal; Emancipação.

O Holocausto é um dos temas mais tratados pela História Pública, mas uma forma de pseudo-história, o Negacionismo do Holocausto contamina o debate público em torno do assunto com um discurso de ódio, maniqueísta e antissemita que é usado pela extrema-direita contemporânea como um elemento de coesão ideológica e, simultaneamente, como uma estratégia de tentar se viabilizar politicamente por meio da negação dos crimes contra a humanidade cometidas pelo regime Nacional-Socialista alemão.

An intense metabolic activity is observed in plant organs harvested at immature stage, especially in corn, which may increase the postharvest losses. The use of storage techniques and adequate hybrids can reduce such losses, allowing longer period for commercialization. The present work had the goal to evaluate the influence of different forms of storage on weigh loss of corn harvested at milk stage for “in natura” consumption of hybrids DINA 170 and AG 1051. The experiment was disposed in complete random design with four replicates, arranged in factorial array of 3 X 2 X 2 (three storage conditions: ear included in husks, ear exposed and ear wrapped in PVC film), (two hybrids: DINA 170 and AG 1051), (two temperatures of storage: room temperature and 5 oC). Fresh weight loss was determined daily and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Ears wrapped in PVC had lower weight loss, regardless of the temperature of storage and hybrid used. At room temperature, the ears included in husks of hybrid DINA 170 showed lower weight loss. The ear exposed treatment the hybrid AG 1051 showed lower weight loss. No significant differences were observed at storage at 5 oC, regardless of the treatment.