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Backgroud: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment is aimed at inducing remission to prevent joint destruction and disability. However, it is unclear what is the long-term impact on health-related outcomes of the timing of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) initiation in JIA. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term impact of the time between JIA onset and the initiation of a bDMARD in achieving clinical remission, on physical disability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Adult JIA patients registered in the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) and ever treated with bDMARD were included. Data regarding socio-demographic, JIA-related characteristics, disease activity, physical disability (HAQ-DI), HRQoL (SF-36) and treatments were collected at the last visit. Patients were divided into 3 groups (£ 2 years, 2-5 years, or > 5 years), according to the time from disease onset to bDMARD initiation. Regression models were obtained considering remission on/off medication, HAQ-DI, SF-36 and joint surgeries as outcomes and time from disease onset to bDMARD start as an independent variable. Results: 361 adult JIA patients were evaluated, with a median disease duration of 20.3 [IQR 12.1; 30.2] years. 40.4% had active disease, 35.1% were in remission on medication and 24.4% in drug-free remission; 71% reported some degree of physical disability. Starting a bDMARD > 5 years after disease onset decreased the chance of achieving remission off medication (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06, 0.92; p= 0.038). Patients who started a bDMARD after 5 years of disease onset had a higher HAQ and worse scores in the physical component, vitality and social function domains of SF-36, and more joint surgeries when compared to an earlier start. Conclusion: Later initiation of bDMARDs in JIA is associated with greater physical disability, worse HRQoL and lower chance of drug-free remission in adulthood.

CERVEJA ARTESANAL COM TEOR ALCOÓLICO REDUZIDO E ALTA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE CARBOIDRATOS JÚLIO CÉSAR BERALDO DE MORAES1, RICARDO FIGUEIRA2, MARIA MARCIA PEREIRA SARTORI3, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO4 1Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. julio.moraes@etec.sp.gov.br 2Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. ricardo.figueira@unesp.br; 3Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.maria.mp.sartori@unesp.br 4Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.waldemar.venturini@unesp.br RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir uma cerveja no estilo Pale Ale com teor alcoólico reduzido e alta concentração de carboidratos. As cervejas foram produzidas a partir de mosturação isotérmica, por infusão, a 70 ºC, 75 ºC e 80 ºC. O mosto foi ajustado para um ºBrix igual a 12, posteriormente inoculado com levedura Ale e fermentado a 18 ºC. A maturação transcorreu por 15 dias a 8 ºC e por mais 15 dias a 1 ºC. As amostras foram analisadas para teor alcoólico, extrato aparente, extrato real, extrato original, amargor, acidez total, cor, pH e turbidez. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste Tukey (5% de probabilidade). Os parâmetros físico-químicos foram também submetidos à análise multivariada dos componentes principais. As análises sensoriais foram realizadas por teste afetivo (escala hedônica) e as medianas foram comparadas pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (5% de probabilidade). As diferentes temperaturas de mosturação resultaram nos teores alcoólicos 3,81±0,26 %, 3,14±0,17 % e 2,35±0,11 % (ABV), respectivamente. Na análise sensorial, para o parâmetro de avaliação global, as medianas obtidas foram 7,0, 7,0 e 6,0, respectivamente. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram que medida que se aumenta a temperatura de mosturação, perde-se qualidade sensorial da bebida. Palavra-Chave: Bebida alcoólica fermentada, mosturação, infusão, Pale Ale. CRAFT BEER WITH REDUCED ALCOHOL CONTENT AND HIGH CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATION ABSTRACT: This work aimed to produce a beer in the Pale Ale style, with reduced alcohol content and high concentration of carbohydrates The beers were produced from isothermal mashing, by infusion, at 70 ºC, 75 ºC and 80 ºC. The must was adjusted to a ºBrix equal to 12, later inoculated with Ale yeast and fermented at 18 ºC. Maturation took place for 15 days at 8 ºC and for another 15 days at 1 ºC. The samples were analyzed for alcohol content, apparent extract, real extract, original extract, bitterness, total acidity, color, pH and turbidity. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (5% probability). The physicochemical parameters were also submitted to multivariate analysis of the main components. Sensory analyses were performed using affective test (hedonic scale) and the median results were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test (5% probability). The different mashing temperatures of the sample resulted in the alcohol contents 3,81±0,26 %, 3,14±0,17 % and 2,35±0,11 % (ABV), respectively. In the sensory analysis, for the global evaluation parameter, the medians obtained were 7,0, 7,0 and 6,0, respectively. The results of this research indicated that, as the mash temperature is increased, the drink's sensory quality is lost. Keywords: Fermented alcoholic beverage, mashing, infusion, Pale Ale.

PRODUÇÃO, ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL DE HIDROMÉIS COM LARANJA, TANGERINA E LIMA ÁCIDA LUCAS FELIPE DOS OUROS1, RICARDO FIGUEIRA1, THALIA LEE LOPES DE ANDRADES1, MARIA MÁRCIA PEREIRA SARTORI1, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO1. 1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp-FCA/Botucatu), Rua Doutor José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Jardim Paraíso, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. lucasouros@hotmail.com; ricardo.figueira@unesp.br; thalia.lee@unesp.br; mmpsartori@fca.unesp.br; waldemar.venturini@unesp.br. RESUMO: O estudo tem como objetivo elaborar hidroméis com adição de laranja, tangerina e lima ácida, a fim de avaliar as suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Os hidroméis foram produzidos a partir de mel silvestre diluído em água potável até a concentração de 32 °Brix. Em seguida foram adicionadas as frutas. Para laranja e tangerina foram adicionados 150 g de pericarpo e 60 g de epicarpo. Para a lima ácida, devido a elevada acidez, foi adicionado 75 g de pericarpo e 30 g de epicarpo. O mosto foi inoculado com levedura (2g.kg-1 mosto) e acondicionados a 20±1 °C. Após a fermentação, os hidroméis foram trasfegados e o pericarpo e epicarpo foi removido. A maturação ocorreu a 10±1 °C. Os hidroméis foram analisados para pH, acidez total, volátil e fixa e teor alcoólico. A análise sensorial foi desenvolvida por meio do teste de escala hedônica. A adição de pericarpo ou epicarpo de lima ácida, laranja e tangerina ao mosto alterou a composição físico-química da bebida. Para a produção do hidromel com lima ácida recomenda-se o uso de epicarpo da fruta. Caso a adição seja de laranja ou tangerina, tanto o epicarpo quanto o pericarpo dão origem a hidroméis bem aceitos sensorialmente. Palavras-chave: melomel, fermentação alcoólica, escala hedônica. PRODUCTION, PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF MEAD WITH ORANGE, TANGERINE AND ACID LIME ABSTRACT: The study aims to prepare meads with orange, mandarin orange and tahiti lime in order to assess their physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The meads were produced from wild honey diluted in drinking water up to 32 °Brix. Then the fruits were added. For orange and mandarin orange, 150 g of the pericarp and 60 g of the epicarp were added. For the tahiti lime, due to its high acidity, 75 g of the pericarp and 30 g of the epicarp were added. The must was inoculated with yeast (2g.kg-1 must), and conditioned at 20±1 °C. After the fermentation, the meads were racking and the pericarp and epicarp were removed. Maturation took place at 10±1 °C. The meads were analyzed for pH, total, volatile and fixed acidity and alcohol content. Sensory analysis was performed using structured hedonic scale. The addition of tahiti lime, orange and mandarin orange pericarp or epicarp to the must altered the physicochemical composition of the meads. For the production of mead with tahiti lime it is recommended to use the epicarp of the fruit. For addition of orange or tangerine, both the epicarp and the pericarp give rise to meads that are sensorially well accepted. Keyword: fruit mead, alcoholic fermentation, hedonistic scale

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO METABOLISMO RESPIROFERMENTATIVO DE LEVEDURAS DE CERVEJA, VINHO E PÃO POR MÉTODO ESTEQUIOMÉTRICO RICARDO FIGUEIRA1, LUCAS FELIPE DOS OUROS1, ISABELA PENTERICHE DE OLIVEIRA1, THALIA LEE LOPES DE ANDRADE1, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO1 1Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Área Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. ricardo.figueira@unesp.br; lucasouros@hotmail.com; isapenteriche@hotmail.com; thalialda@hotmail.com; waldemar.venturini@unesp.br RESUMO: A levedura alcoólica apresenta metabolismo respirofermentativo, respirando e fermentando simultaneamente. É possível mensurar o metabolismo fermentativo e respiratório de uma levedura alcoólica, conhecendo a quantidade de etanol formado na fermentação e de gás carbônico proveniente dos processos de respiração e fermentação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a taxa respiratória e fermentativa de diferentes cepas de levedura alcoólica por meio de método estequiométrico. Foram utilizadas cinco diferentes cepas de leveduras (panificação, cervejeira de alta fermentação (ale), cervejeira de baixa fermentação (lager), vinho tinto e vinho branco). O meio de cultivo foi mosto de cana de açúcar (15 °Brix). A fermentação transcorreu durante 8 horas, na temperatura ambiente, em fermentador aberto. A levedura cervejeira de alta fermentação e de panificação apresentaram as maiores taxas respiratórias (19,17% e 19,12%), as leveduras de vinho branco e cervejeira de baixa fermentação tiveram as maiores taxas fermentativas (90,48% e 89,67%), a levedura cervejeira de baixa fermentação produziu a maior quantidade de etanol (7,57%) e a levedura de panificação apresentou maior capacidade metabólica (131,59 g de sacarose consumidos). Palavras-chave: fermentação, respiração, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. QUANTIFICATION OF RESPIRO-FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM OF BEER, WINE AND BREAD YIELD BY ESTEQUIOMETRIC METHOD ABSTRACT: The alcoholic yeast can breathe and ferment simultaneously, called respiro-fermentative metabolism. Yeast’s respiration and fermentation metabolism can be measured considering the amount of ethanol produced in the fermentation process and the carbon dioxide produced in both respiration and fermentation processes. This research focused on calculating the respiration and fermentation rates of five alcoholic yeast strains (baker’s, beer top-fermenting (ale), beer bottom fermenting (lager), red wine and white wine) from the stoichiometry. Sugar cane must (15 °Brix) was used as growth medium. Fermentation was performed in an open vessel at room temperature. A sample was taken hourly, and the fermentation process ended after 8 h. Beer top-fermenting yeast and baker’s yeast resulted in higher respiration rates (19.17% and 19.12%), while white wine yeast and bottom-fermenting yeast resulted in higher fermentation rates (90.48% and 89.67%). Bottom-fermenting yeast produced higher amount of ethanol (7.57%) and baker’s yeast presented higher metabolic activity (131.59 g of sucrose consumed). Keywords: fermentation, respiration, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PRODUÇÃO DE CERVEJAS ADOCICADAS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, SENSORIAL E ENERGÉTICA VITOR MASSAMI IMAIZUMI¹, RICARDO FIGUEIRA¹, MARIA MÁRCIA PEREIRA SARTORI¹, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO¹ ¹Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (Avenida Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil) vtr_massami@hotmail.com; ricardofigueira@hotmail.com; maria.mp.sartori@unesp.br; waldemar.venturini@unesp.br RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi produzir cervejas adocicadas utilizando xarope de jabuticaba (Tratamento 1) e açúcar + caramelo (Tratamento 2), e caracterizá-las físico-química, energética e sensorialmente. O experimento contou com dois tratamentos e três repetições. As amostras foram fabricadas pelo método de infusão. A fermentação transcorreu à temperatura de 10 °C ± 1, sendo as cervejas posteriormente envasadas e adicionadas de xarope de jabuticaba e açúcar/caramelo em quantidades necessárias para alcançar 10 °Plato de extrato aparente. As bebidas foram refermentadas em garrafas para carbonatação (primming) e pasteurizadas. As cervejas foram analisadas físico-quimicamente para os parâmetros de teor alcoólico, extrato real, extrato aparente, cor, amargor, turbidez, pH, acidez total e gás carbônico. As bebidas foram analisadas sensorialmente por meio de escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos. A análise estatística foi realizada por análise de variância e as médias dos resultados das análises físico-químicas foram comparadas por teste de Tukey e as medianas dos resultados da análise sensorial comparadas por teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O tratamento 1 se diferenciou do tratamento 2 nos parâmetros de cor e turbidez. Sensorialmente, o tratamento 1 apresentou a mesma aceitabilidade que o tratamento 2. Não houve diferença no valor energético entre os dois tratamentos. Palavras-chave: bebida alcoólica, myrciaria cauliflora, artesanal, malzbier. SWEET BEER PRODUCTION: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, SENSORY AND ENERGY EVALUATION ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to produce sweet beers using jabuticaba syrup (Treatment 1) and sugar + caramel (Treatment 2), and perform physicochemical, energy and sensory analysis. The experiment was composed of two treatments and three replicates. Samples were made by infusion. The fermentation was conducted at 10 °C ± 1, and the beers were bottled and added with jabuticaba syrup and sugar/caramel in a necessary amount to reach 10 °Plato of clear extract. The beers were bottle conditioned for carbonation (primming) and pasteurized. The beers were physiochemically analyzed for the parameters of alcohol content, real extract, clear extract, color, bitterness, turbidity, pH, total acidity, and carbon dioxide. The samples were submitted to sensory analysis by using 9-points hedonic scale. Statistical analysis of the results was performed through analysis of variance and the means of the physicochemical analyzes were compared by Tukey's test and the medians of the sensory analysis were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Treatment 1 differed from treatment 2 in color and turbidity parameters. In sensory test, treatment 1 presented the same acceptability treatment 2. There was no difference in the energy value between the two treatments. Keywords: alcoholic beverage, myrciaria cauliflora, craft beer, malzbier.

AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE POLPAS, SUCOS TROPICAIS E NÉCTARES DE GOIABA COMERCIAIS ANDRESSA MILENE PARENTE NOGUEIRA1, RICARDO FIGUEIRA2, VITOR MASSAMI IMAIZUMI3, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO4 1Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. andressa_nogueira@yahoo.com.br 2Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. ricardo.figueira@unesp.br 3Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. vtr_massami@hotmail.com 4Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. waldemar.venturini@unesp.br RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, por meio de análises físico-químicas, polpas, sucos tropicais e néctares de goiaba e averiguar se os mesmos atendem aos Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade (PIQ) exigidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Foram analisadas três polpas, sete sucos tropicais (quatro não adoçados e três adoçados) e oito néctares (cinco convencionais e três light) quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis (ºBrix), pH, acidez total, açúcares totais e ácido ascórbico (vitamina C). Seguindo os parâmetros determinados por lei, as polpas também foram analisadas para concentração de sólidos totais e ratio. Os dezoito produtos analisados estavam de acordo com a legislação em vigor. Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava, parâmetros físico-químicos, legislação brasileira. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND BRAZILIAN LEGISLATION OF COMMERCIAL GUAVA PULP, TROPICAL JUICES AND NECTARS SUMMARY: This work aimed to evaluate physico-chemical guava pulps, tropical juices and nectars to ascertain whether they met the Identity and Quality Standards required by Brazilian legislation. Three pulps, seven tropical juices (four unsweetened and three sweetened) and eight nectars (five conventional and three light) were analyzed for soluble solids (ºBrix), pH, total acidity, total sugars and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Following the parameters set by law, the pulps were also analyzed for total solids concentration and ratio. The eighteen products analyzed were in according to the legislation. Keyword: Psidiumguajava, physical-chemicalparameters, brazilianlegislation.

ObjectiveTo compare physical disability, mental health, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories in adulthood and between JIA and adult-onset rheumatic diseases.MethodsCross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort of adult patients with JIA registered in the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt). Physical disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index), mental health symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F)) and HRQoL (EuroQol-5D (EQ5D) and Short Form (SF-36)) were compared across JIA categories. Patients with polyarticular JIA and enthesis-related arthritis (ERA) JIA were compared respectively to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), matched for gender and age, adjusted for disease duration and activity.Results585 adult patients with JIA were included. Comparison across JIA categories showed that persistent oligoarthritis and patients with ERA reported a higher score in EQ5D and SF-36 physical component when compared with other JIA categories.Polyarticular JIA reported less disability and fatigue than patients with RA (median Health Assessment Questionnaire of 0.25 vs 0.63; pConclusionPersistent oligoarticular JIA and ERA are the JIA categories in adulthood with better HRQoL. Overall, adult polyarticular and patients with ERA JIA have lower functional impairment and better quality-of-life than patients with RA and SpA.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate temporal trends in changes in vegetation patterns within the Sooretama Biological Reserve and its surroundings, located in Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The evaluation will be performed using the EVI and NDVI index of the MODIS sensor, the Mann-Kendall monotonic trend, Seasonal Trend Analysis methods, and monitoring drought events through the VCI drought index for the years 2007 through 2015. The tools utilized were the EVI and NDVI indexes of the MOD13Q1 product and LST from the MOD11A2 product. These indices were used in order to represent the dynamics of the study area biomass and then to analyze the drought occurrence using the index best-suited to the area of study, identified as VCI. The temporal trends in the data set were examined, pixel by pixel, by application of the Mann-Kendall monotonic technique, treating each pixel in space as a one-dimensional temporal series of 16-day cycles. To evaluate the seasonal trend, the analysis used the STA technique (Seasonal Trend Analysis) implemented in the ETM module. The characterization and spatial distribution of drought events were performed through the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). The use of (a) images and seasonal curves produced by the monotonic trend of Mann-Kendall and (b) analysis of seasonal trends generated the response of the vegetation to climate variations. The VCI indicated a potential for drought occurrence analysis in regions and areas with different vegetation densities. So, the VCI can be used as a powerful tool to compose a comprehensive and early system alert of drought that can accompany the changes in spatial coverage of vegetation and severity of change. Lastly, the analysis of the data from the MODIS NDVI, EVI, and TST images indicated that the data is suitable to a space-time analysis of drought occurrences and vegetation trends.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). METHODS: Patients with JIA, aged ≤18 years, registered at the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) in Portugal and Brazil were included. Age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles were calculated based on WHO growth standard charts and categorized into underweight (P 97). Disease activity was assessed by Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients were included. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 6.9%, 67.3%, 15.3% and 10.5%, respectively. Underweight patients had significantly higher number of active joints (p

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND SENSORIAL ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN COMERCIAL BEERSABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify the physic, chemistry and sensorial differences of main brand beers marketed in Brazil and to verify if they were in accordance with the valid brazilian legislation and BJCP’s Style Guidelines. It were evaluated the brands: Antartica, Brahma and Skol, produced by AmBev Bewery; Schin and Glacial, produced by Brazil Kirin Bewery; Itaipava and Crystal, produced by Grupo Petropolis Bewery; Kaiser and Bavaria, produced by Heineken Bewery. The beers were evaluated for alcoholic content, real extract, apparent extract, original extract, pH, total acidity, carbon dioxide content, bitterness, color and turbidity. Sensorial analysis was performed by monadic way using the nine-point structured hedonic scale affective test for the sensory attributes of appearance, aroma, flavor and overall evaluation. A price survey was also performed and correlated with sensorial attributes, applying the main component of multivariate correlation analysis. All brands evaluated in this study showed physico-chemical parameters in agreement with brazilian legislation and with the American Lager style proposed by BJCP. Physical and chemical parameters analyzed were always close to the legal minimum limit. The more expensive beers were not the preferred brands by tasters. Therefore, price should not be related to beer sensorial quality. KEYWORDS: alcoholic beverage, sensorial affective tests, quality, price.

The formation of an urban heat island (UHI) is one of the most common impacts of the urbanization process. To mitigate the effects of UHI, the planning of urban forests (e.g., creation of parks, forests and afforestation streets) has been the major tool applied in this context. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of heat islands in Vila Velha, ES, Brazil using the mono-window algorithm. The study followed these methodological steps: 1) mapping of urban green areas through a photointerpretation screen; 2) application of the mono-window algorithm to obtain the spatial and temporal patterns of land surface temperature (LST); 3) correlation between LST and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI); 4) application of ecological evaluation index. The results showed that the mean values of LST in urban areas were at least 2.34 to 7.19°C higher than undeveloped areas. Moreover, the positive correlation between LST and NDBI showed an amplifying effect of the developed areas for UHI, while areas with a predominance of vegetation attenuated the effect of UHI. Urban centers, clustered in some parts of the city, received the worst ecological assessment index. Finally, the adoption of measures to guide the urban forest planning within urban centers is necessary to mitigate the effect of heat islands and provide thermal comfort in urban areas.

OBJECTIVE: To update the recommendations for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with biological therapies, endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology (SPR). METHODS: These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists based on literature evidence and consensus opinion. At a national meeting the 10 recommendations were discussed and updated. The document resulting from this meeting circulated to all Portuguese rheumatologists, who anonymously voted online on the level of agreement with the recommendations. RESULTS: These recommendations cover general aspects as shared decision, prospective registry in Reuma.pt, assessment of activity and RA impact and treatment objective. Consensus was also achieved regarding specific aspects as initiation of biologic therapy, assessment of response, switching and definition of persistent remission. CONCLUSION: These recommendations may be used for guidance of treatment with biological therapies in patients with RA. As more evidence becomes available and more therapies are licensed, these recommendations will be updated. publishersversion published

IgA dominant glomerulonephritis associated to Staphylococcus infection is a rare clinical entity that has been described mainly in case reports. Biopsy features can resemble other disease entities mainly IgA nephropathy and Henoch‑Schönlein purpura nephritis. Treatment of IgA dominant glomerulonephritis associated to staphylococcal infection is based on antibiotics for the underlying infection, controlling hypertension and edema and may resort to concomitant use of steroids in selected cases. Prognosis markers such as hypertension, diabetes and interstitial fibrosis may influence treatment as they are associated with poor renal outcomes. We report a case of a 63‑year‑old man with known hypertension, pre‑diabetes and recent history of methicillin‐sensitive staphylococcus aureus bacteremia associated to prostatitis, who presented with a one‑month history of edema, arthralgia and foamy urine. Over this period he progressed to anasarca and nephrotic range proteinuria with concomitant rise in creatinine levels being documented. The renal biopsy showed segmental endocapillary proliferation and IgA segmental dominant staining associated to C3 and lambda in minor distribution. On completion of two months of steroid therapy the patient partially recovered his renal function and proteinuria. After nine months of tapering steroids, he presented with acute inflammatory arthritis supporting an inflammatory background disease. To our knowledge this case describes an unusual entity such as IgA dominant glomerulonephritis associated to staphylococcal infection co‑presenting with an associated reactive arthritis. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Among worldwide tropical forest ecosystems, the Atlantic forest of Brazil stands out as a highly fragile area and a biodiversity hotspot, with a high degree of endemism. The Caparao National Park is an important conservation area for this biome, where recent studies have found new species of animals and plants, including endemic and highly vulnerable ones. We analyzed interannual and seasonal trends in vegetation for Caparao National Park and its buffer zone, using data from MODIS vegetation indices between the years 2001 and 2019. Our methods included both parametric (linear trend and linear correlation) and non-parametric (Mann-Kendall) analyses of interannual trends, wavelet transform, and seasonal trends analysis. We also studied the correlation of the vegetation index data with the variability of monthly rainfall data from the TRMM satellite. We generated linear regression analyses, with precipitation as the independent variable and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as the dependent variable, and repeated this procedure for time lags from 0 to 3 months. In accordance with the findings of the temporal profiles and Mann Kendall trend method identified a prevalence of decreasing trend in the values of vegetation indices in Caparao National Park, with values higher than 90% of the regions where the result was significant, for the EVI and 80% for the NDVI. For the buffer zone, there is an increasing trend for the NDVI and EVI, with values higher than 50% of the regions where the result was significant. In most of the area, a positive slope was found in the buffer zone, while in the Caparao National Park the slope was predominantly negative. The r values indicated tendencies predominantly positive for the buffer zone and predominantly negative for the area within the park. 66.9% of the results were positive trends for ndvi in the buffer zone, and 51.7% for EVI, both for r value and slope. In the park area, this trend was negative in 68.9% of the area for ndvi in both methods; 93.8% for the EVI and 93.9% for the NDVI. These differences may be evidence of how vegetation responds to disturbances, once the vegetation in the buffer zone is fragmented and does not have the same protection as vegetation in the park area. The native vegetation in study area shows seasonal similarities, as detected by seasonal trend analysis and wavelets transform. The existence of two annual cycles is a common feature to the biome of Atlantic forest. R values for the correlation of precipitation with vegetation indices indicate high dependence of vegetation on precipitation in the study area. Values in the 0.4 to 0.8 class, represented almost 80% of the buffer zone for the NDVI and 90% for the EVI. For Caparao National Park, this class accounted for 27% and 38% of the area for the NDVI and EVI, respectively. Vegetation in the protected area was less dependent on rainfall, which can be attributed to the fact that it can better meet its water needs through available water in the soil. In addition, due to anthropogenic pressures and a high degree of forest fragmentation, vegetation in the buffer zone may have less advanced successional stages. Our results collaborate with the range of vegetation studies in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. This methodology can be applied to larger areas around the world to provide information on vegetation trends conditions and influence of climatic variables.

The Atlantic Forest biome is recognized for its biodiversity and is one of the most threatened biomes on the planet, with forest fragmentation increasing due to uncontrolled land use, land occupation, and population growth. The most serious aspect of the forest fragmentation process is the edge effect and the loss of biodiversity. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of forest fragmentation and select potential forest fragments with a higher degree of conservation for seed harvesting in the Itapemirim river basin, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Image classification techniques, forest landscape ecology, and multi-criteria analysis were used to evaluate the evolution of forest fragmentation to develop the landscape metric indexes, and to select potential forest fragments for seed harvesting for the years 1985 and 2013. According to the results, there was a reduction of 2.55% of the occupancy of the fragments in the basin between the years 1985 and 2013. For the years 1985 and 2013, forest fragment units 2 and 3 were spatialized with a high potential for seed harvesting, representing 6.99% and 16.01% of the total fragments, respectively. The methodology used in this study has the potential to be used to support decisions for the selection of potential fragments for seed harvesting because selecting fragments in different environments by their spatial attributes provides a greater degree of conservation, contributing to the protection and conscious management of the forests. The proposed methodology can be adapted to other areas and different biomes of the world.

We report the case of a 48-year-old, leukodermic female diagnosed with ulcerative proctitis for 4 years and latent tuberculosis. She was allergic to salicylates and had a minor allergic reaction to infliximab (rash, vertigo, and headache). Thereafter, she started azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg/day). She maintained intravenous infliximab, together with prophylaxis with clemastine and hydrocortisone, due to the steroid-dependent proctitis. The therapy was continued every 8 weeks with anti-tumor necrosis factor for about 3 years. The analytical evaluation when she was diagnosed with ulcerative proctitis (February 2011) showed negative antinuclear antibodies (ANA), double-stranded-DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, and a positive outer membrane protein antibody. About 2 years and 6 months after starting infliximab (November 2013), the patient complained of inflammatory symmetrical polyarthralgia (knee, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) without synovitis, which started every week before the administration of infliximab. Resolution of symptoms was observed after each infliximab infusion. In July 2014, the autoantibody re-evaluation showed positive ANA with a homogeneous pattern with a titer of 1:640, weak positive anti-dsDNA (30.2), and positive anti-histone with C3 decreased (80.3). She was then diagnosed with lupus induced by infliximab and initiated hydroxychloroquine 400 mg. Infliximab was suspended. On re-evaluation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 25 mm/h (1st hour), C-reactive protein 0.5 mg/dL (previously erythrocyte sedimentation rate 15 mm/h and C-reactive protein 1.2 mg/dL), and endoscopically, the mucosa was scarred, with some atrophy and scarce mucus in the lower rectum. About 10 months after discontinuation of infliximab, repeated autoantibodies proved all negative, keeping only low C3 (87). The patient also reported complete resolution of the arthralgia. Relato do caso de uma mulher, 48 anos, leucodérmica, com o diagnóstico de proctite ulcerosa com 4 anos de evolução e tuberculose latente. Alérgica aos salicilatos e com reacção alérgica minor ao infliximab (rash, cefaleia e vertigem), iniciou azatioprina (2,5 mg/kg/dia) apenas após a reacção alérgica. Manteve infliximab com profilaxia endovenosa com clemastina e hidrocortisona dada a cortico-depedência da proctite. A terapêutica com antiTNF foi mantida de 8 em 8 semanas durante cerca de 3 anos. Na avaliação analítica aquando o diagnóstico da doença inflamatória intestinal (Fev 2011) apresentava ANA, anti-dsDNA, ANCAs e ASCA negativos com antiOMP positivo. Cerca de 2 anos e meio após o início de infliximab (Nov 2013), iniciou quadro de poliartralgia inflamatória simétrica (joelhos, ombros, cotovelos e punhos) sem sinovite com início regular na semana prévia à admnistração programada de infliximab e resolução após a infusão endovenosa. Em Julho de 2014, apresenta ANA positivos com padrão homogéneo com título de 1/640, anti-dsDNA equívoco (30.2), anti-histonas positivo com C3 diminuído (80.3). Foi diagnosticada com lupus eritematoso sistémico induzido por infliximab e iniciou hidroxicloroquina 400 mg. O infliximab foi suspenso. Na reavaliação da doença, destaca-se VS 25 mm/h (1ª hora), PCR 0,5 mg/dL (previamente VS 15 e PCR 0.6) e endoscopicamente mucosa cicatrizada, com alguma atrofia e escasso muco no recto baixo. Cerca de 10 meses após a suspensão do infliximab, repetiu auto-anticorpos que se revelaram todos negativos, mantendo apenas o C3 baixo (87). Verificou-se ainda resolução completa das queixas articulares. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar o metabolismo aerobio (respiracao) e anaerobio (fermentacao alcoolica) de levedura submetida a diferentes condicoes ambientais e de concentracao celular. Para este estudo que foi desenvolvido em escala de bancada foram usados mostos (15 °Brix) produzidos a partir de caldo de cana e levedura seca de panificacao da especie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mantidas em cultivo submerso. As condicoes ambientais e de concentracao celular estudadas foram: a) aerobiose vs. anaerobiose; b) quantidade de inoculo (100, 200 e 300 g.L -1 ); c) enriquecimento do mosto com sulfato de amonio (0,00; 0,01 e 0,02 mol.L -1 ); d) mosto com diferentes pH iniciais (4, 5 e 6). As comparacoes estatisticas foram feitas mediante analise de variância, sendo as medias comparadas pelo Teste t (ensaio com dois tratamentos) e Teste de Tukey (ensaios com tres tratamentos). A levedura alcoolica utilizada neste trabalho apresentou metabolismo respirofermentativo, podendo ser classificada como anaerobica facultativa do tipo fermentativo. O metabolismo respirofermentativo da levedura foi alterado pela concentracao celular, pH, enriquecimento com sulfato de amonio e condicoes de aerobiose e anaerobiose do mosto. Pela sua simplicidade, os ensaios descritos neste trabalho podem ser aproveitados para finalidades didaticas

Weather phenomena El Nino and La Nina are observed by meteorological variables, which allows you to track climate change and its possible effects in certain regions. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration in the Amazon river basin (Latitudes 5° N to 20° S and Longitudes 50° W to 80° W), comparing them with the occurrence of El Nino and La Nina phenomena, from January 2000 to December 2016. The values referring to the meteorological variables were obtained from the TRMM and MODIS orbital sensors. After data pre-processing, the data were separated into monthly and annual scales and per period according to the presence or absence of El Nino and La Nina phenomena. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that the studied variables were affected by modification of both phenomena. The modifications are more noticeable in the distinction between the more and less rainy periods. Among the variables studied, the evapotranspiration was severely affected in the rainiest months, the La Nina phenomenon, and the least rainy months, El Nino. Thus, it was possible to conclude that, in general, the presence of La Nina increased precipitation values in comparison to the Neutral period, but the inverse occurs in the presence of El Nino. The methodology applied in the present study was adequate for the analysis of the modifications of the meteorological variables coming from the El Nino and La Nina phenomena, being able to be adapted to other variables and regions.

BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the most commonly prescribed disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug. Moreover, it is also used as an adjuvant drug in patients under biologic therapies, enhancing the efficacy of biologic agents. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature and update the Portuguese recommendations for the use of MTX in rheumatic diseases first published in 2009. METHODS: The first Portuguese guidelines for the use of MTX in rheumatic diseases were published in 2009 and were integrated in the multinational 3E Initiative (Evidence Expertise Exchange) project. The Portuguese rheumatologists based on literature evidence and consensus opinion formulated 13 recommendations. At a national meeting, the recommendations included in this document were further discussed and updated. The document resulting from this meeting circulated to all Portuguese rheumatologists, who anonymously voted online on the level of agreement with the updated recommendations. RESULTS: Results presented in this article are mainly in accordance with previous guidelines, with some new information regarding hepatitis B infection during MTX treatment, pulmonary toxicity monitoring, hepatotoxicity management, association with hematologic neoplasms, combination therapy and tuberculosis screening during treatment. CONCLUSION: The present recommendations combine scientific evidence with expert opinion and attained desirable agreement among Portuguese rheumatologists. The regular update of these recommendations is essential in order to keep them a valid and useful tool in daily practice. publishersversion published

SUMMARY: Aims: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common condition whose incidence is approximately 8% in elderly persons. Neuropathic pain (NeP) has a significant incidence in the general population and affects more than half of all patients with PN. The pathophysiology of PN is characterized by lesions of myelin-producing Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. Regeneration/protection of the myelin sheath after a nerve lesion is a fundamental element of repair in PN. Nucleotides such as uridine monophosphate (UMP) have proven to be efficacious in treating the cause of the myelin sheath lesion in several experimental and clinical models. Our objective was to evaluate clinical improvement in patients with PN and NeP treated with a combination of UMP+folic acid+vitamin B12 (Keltican®). Patients and Methods: We performed an exploratory, open-label, multicenter, study of 212 patients followed for 2 months. Pain was assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ). Results: The intensity of the NeP assessed at the time of the consultation progressed favorably and decreased significantly (p12 is effective against NeP associated with PN. It leads to statistically significant reductions not only in the total PDQ score but also in the intensity of pain, number of areas affected, and pain radiation. Furthermore, it makes it possible to reduce the dosage of concomitant medication.

Objective Our aims were to evaluate the correlation between Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27-joint reduced count (JADAS27) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and JADAS27 with C-reactive protein (CRP) scores and to test the agreement of both scores on classifying each disease activity state. We also aimed at verifying the correlation of the 2 scores across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories and to check the correlation between JADAS27-ESR and clinical JADAS27 (JADAS27 without ESR). Methods A nationwide cohort of patients with JIA registered in the Portuguese Register, Reuma.pt, was studied. JADAS27-CRP was adapted by replacing ESR with CRP level as the inflammatory marker. JADAS27-CRP was calculated similarly to JADAS27-ESR as the simple linear sum of its 4 components. Pearson's correlations and K statistics were used in the analyses. Results A total of 358 children had full data to calculate JADAS27; 65.4% were female and the mean ± SD disease duration was 11.8 ± 9.1 years. The correlation coefficient between JADAS27-ESR and JADAS27-CRP was 0.967 (P < 0.0001), although the correlation coefficient between ESR and CRP level was 0.335 (P < 0.0001). The strong correlation between JADAS27-ESR and JADAS27-CRP was maintained when compared within each JIA category. The agreement between JADAS27-ESR and JADAS27-CRP across the 4 activity states was very good, showing 91.1% of the observations in agreement; K = 0.867 (95% confidence interval 0.824–0.91). The correlation between JADAS27 with ESR and JADAS27 without ESR was high (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001). Conclusion JADAS27 based on CRP level correlated closely with JADAS27-ESR across all disease activity states and JIA categories, indicating that both measures can be used in clinical practice. Moreover, the correlation of JADAS27 with and without ESR was also high, suggesting that this tool might be useful even in the absence of laboratorial measures.

The aims of this study were to use the isotope analysis method to quantify the carbon of C3 photosynthetic cycle in commercial apple nectars and to determine the legal limit to identify the beverages that do not conform to the safety standards established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. These beverages (apple nectars) were produced in the laboratory according to the Brazilian legislation. Adulterated nectars were also produced with an amount of pulp juice below the permitted threshold limit value. The δ13C values of the apple nectars and their fractions (pulp and purified sugar) were measured to quantify the C3 source percentage. In order to demonstrate the existence of adulteration, the values found were compared to the limit values established by the Brazilian Law. All commercial apple nectars analyzed were within the legal limits, which enabled to identify the nectars that were in conformity with the Brazilian Law. The isotopic methodology developed proved efficient to quantify the carbon of C3 origin in commercial apple nectars.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram utilizar o método de análise isotópica para quantificar o carbono do ciclo fotossintético C3 em néctares de maçã comerciais e mensurar o limite de legalidade para identificar as bebidas em inconformidade com o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Essa bebida foi produzida em laboratório, conforme a legislação brasileira. Também foram produzidos néctares adulterados com quantidade de suco polposo abaixo do permitido. Os δ13C dos néctares de maçã e de suas frações (polpa e açúcar purificado) foram mensurados para quantificar a porcentagem de fonte C3. Para determinar a existência de adulteração, foi calculado o limite de legalidade de acordo com a legislação brasileira. Todos os néctares comerciais de maçã analisados foram classificados como legais. O limite de legalidade possibilitou identificar as bebidas que estavam em conformidade com a legislação brasileira. A metodologia desenvolvida provou ser eficiente para quantificar o carbono de origem C3 em néctares de maçã comerciais.

Objectives To determine how adult juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients fulfil classification criteria for adult rheumatic diseases, evaluate their outcomes and determine clinical predictors of inactive disease, functional status and damage. Methods Patients with JIA registered on the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) older than 18 years and with more than 5 years of disease duration were included. Data regarding sociodemographic features, fulfilment of adult classification criteria, Health Assessment Questionnaire, Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index—articular (JADI-A) and Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index—extra-articular (JADI-E) damage index and disease activity were analysed. Results 426 patients were included. Most of patients with systemic JIA fulfilled criteria for Adult Still9s disease. 95.6% of the patients with rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive polyarthritis and 57.1% of the patients with RF-negative polyarthritis matched criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 38.9% of the patients with extended oligoarthritis were classified as RA while 34.8% of the patients with persistent oligoarthritis were classified as spondyloarthritis. Patients with enthesitis-related arthritis fulfilled criteria for spondyloarthritis in 94.7%. Patients with psoriatic arthritis maintained this classification. Patients with inactive disease had lower disease duration, lower diagnosis delay and corticosteroids exposure. Longer disease duration was associated with higher HAQ, JADI-A and JADI-E. Higher JADI-A was also associated with biological treatment and retirement due to JIA disability and higher JADI-E with corticosteroids exposure. Younger age at disease onset was predictive of higher HAQ, JADI-A and JADI-E and decreased the chance of inactive disease. Conclusions Most of the included patients fulfilled classification criteria for adult rheumatic diseases, maintain active disease and have functional impairment. Younger age at disease onset was predictive of higher disability and decreased the chance of inactive disease.