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This paper aims to present the main points related to the technical philosophy of self-healing of electrical distribution networks, within the context of Smart Grids and the main equipment and elements that are part of this context. Through the identification of the main power quality (PQ) disturbances that cause damage to equipment and components, connections will be made between the technical characteristics of protection equipment (circuit breakers, reclosers, automatic switches, sectionalizers, and relays), their respective type tests provided by standards and the vulnerable points concerning their power and control circuits, which directly affect the performance of the self-healing philosophy and the improvement of quality indexes (Equivalent Duration of Interruption and Equivalent Frequency of Interruption), established by ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]