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A automação industrial surge como uma das grandes apostas para os próximos anos, especialmente em razão do alto desenvolvimento tecnológico. Com isso, os equipamentos já conhecidos tendem a passar por uma reestruturação, buscando melhores condições e otimização do processo como um todo. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo a automação de uma máquina de Grooved para automação de ranhuras em tubos metálicos. Para que possa atingir esse objetivo, os seguintes objetivos específicos foram definidos: Identificar os parâmetros e caracterizar o que compõe a máquina de Grooved; Detalhar a importância da automação industrial para o setor da mecânica; analisar o processo realizado para automação da máquina, com suas principais vantagens e a esteira de construção do modelo., AUTOMATED METAL TUBE SLOTTING MACHINE MODELING

L?étude a été menée dans le cadre du projet porté par le MPA dans l?État de Santa Catarina en 2015 et 2016. Elle a mobilisé des responsables du mouvement, ses dirigeants, des conseillers et des techniciens du MPA et de sa coopérative Oestebio, ainsi que des agriculteurs, « gardiens » et « multiplicateurs »1 . Nous nous sommes efforcés de distinguer ceux qui avaient déclenché la démarche et ceux qui l?ont rejointe plus tard. Plusieurs entretiens ont été réalisés dans les villes d?Anchieta, de Palmitos et de São Miguel do Oeste (Santa Catarina) et à Hulha Negra (Rio Grande do Sul). 4 Nous avons aussi rencontré des chercheurs, des professeurs et des responsables publics qui ont été impliqués dans les activités de conception, de montage, de mise en ?uvre et de suivi du projet. Parmi les institutions concernées, on trouve la Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento ? Conab [Compagnie nationale d?approvisionnement] et l?Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária ? Embrapa [Agence brésilienne de recherche agricole], toutes deux rattachées au ministère de l?Agriculture, de l?Élevage et de l?Approvisionnement (MAPA) à Brasília, ainsi que l?Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina ? Epagri [Agence de recherche agricole et d?expansion rurale de Santa Catarina] et l?Université fédérale de Santa Catarina (UFSC) à Florianópolis ainsi que l?Embrapa Clima Temperado [Agence brésilienne de recherche agricole du climat tempéré] à Pelotas dans le Rio Grande do Sul. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-23T18:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida-Ribeiro.pdf: 413262 bytes, checksum: 42ad2834763e6c7413aecbd01af46433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-19T02:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12256_Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro.pdf: 2789835 bytes, checksum: d8a7b50b3060c4a7cd2a75df04800167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-26 A cafeicultura é a principal atividade agrícola do Estado do Espírito Santo, e o déficit hídrico tem sido o fator ambiental que mais vem limitando a produção. Para compreender o papel do déficit hídrico e gerar bases de conhecimento para utilização racional dos recursos hídricos, será instalado um experimento com cultura do cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora), cultivar Jequitibá Incaper ES8122 em casa de vegetação no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Alegre-ES. O experimento será conduzido em um esquema de parcelas subsubdividida 9 x 4 x 4, sendo clones em 9 níveis (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 e C9), nas subparcelas o fator tensão de água no solo em 4 níveis (T1= 30 kPa, T2= 60 kPa, T3= 80 kPa, T4= 100 kPa) e dias após o transplantio em 4 níveis (15; 55; 95; e 135), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições. As variáveis morfológicas que serão avaliadas são: altura das plantas, área foliar, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule. Para as variáveis fisiológicas será avaliado: Potencial hídrico da folha, condutância hidráulica, trocas gasosas, florescência da clorofila (a), partição de biomassa, densidade do caule, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa de crescimento absoluto e coeficiente de transpiração. Objetiva-se neste experimento analisar o crescimento inicial cafeeiro conilon em função de diferentes tensões de água no solo e dias após o transplantio, realizando o monitoramento da umidade do solo pela técnica de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR), para assim verificar a necessidade hídrica de cada clone, assim como sua resistência ao déficit hídrico no solo.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T18:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AAC2019Celli.pdf: 296173 bytes, checksum: 55546f8f515861053e489066f5eeb405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 17 a 19 de setembro de 2018.

Brazil meets about 16% of its energy needs with bioethanol and other sugarcane products and leads the world in biofuel energy production. However, there are concerns over the environmental credentials of the sugarcane given the high emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) − a potent greenhouse gas − associated with its production. We quantify N2O fluxes from a sugarcane experiment in the Brazilian Cerrado over an entire year, comparing the magnitude of response to different fertilizer treatments: mineral nitrogen (N), a liquid residue from bioethanol distillation known as vinasse (V) and a combination of both (NV), on irrigated and nonirrigated plots. We find that soil N2O fluxes in plots subjected to the NV treatment are, on average, at least three times higher than those in the other treatments, resulting in four times the emissions intensity per yield than when mineral N or vinasse were applied alone. We also find that irrigation has a positive effect on N2O emissions in the first two weeks after treatment addition and on annual sugarcane yield. Emission factors, defined as net N emissions as N2O as a percentage of the total mineral N added, vary from 0.05 to 4.6% according to treatment. Sugarcane production in the Cerrado is a significant source of N2O, due to the synergistic effect of mineral N fertilizer and vinasse. Using vinasse as the main fertilizer, or applying N and vinasse at widely spaced intervals are effective strategies for climate change mitigation, plant nutrition, waste management and cost-efficient production.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer as variações na atividade fitotóxica dos extratos hexânico, acetato de etila e metanólico das raízes de Moutabea guianensis, e das substâncias cafeato de metila e escopoletina isoladas do extrato acetato de etila, variando a concentração e as espécies receptores. Foram desenvolvidos bioensaios de atividades fitotóxicas de germinação (a 25 °C e 12 horas de fotoperíodo) e de desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo (25 °C e 24 horas de fotoperíodo). A germinação das sementes de Mimosa pudica foi sensível aos extratos hexânico, acetato de etila e metanólico a 1% (w/v), com efeitos de inibição em 92%, 100% e 100%, respectivamente. A análise comparativa da atividade fitotóxica das substâncias testadas revelou que a escopoletina apresentou um potencial de inibição mais elevado no bioensaio de germinação de sementes frente a Mimosa pudica. Senna obtusifolia não foi sensível às substâncias testadas. Cafeato de metila apresentou maior potencial de inibição no bioensaio de desenvolvimento da radícula e hipocótilo, e a intensidade dos efeitos alelopáticos variou com as concentrações.

Objetivo: Discutir os resultados acerca dos efeitos do uso da eritropoietina humana recombinante (rHuEPO) sobre o desempenho físico, bem como relatar os efeitos adversos decorrentes desta prática, correlacionando os achados de estudos experimentais e clínicos. Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, no período de 1985-2013, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados: Todos os estudos (n = 10) encontraram melhora nas variáveis de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e tempo de exaustão em humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosagens, que podem variar de 50-60 UI/kg nas primeiras semanas, com redução ao longo do tratamento. Dentre as reações adversas mais frequentes estão os acidentes trombovasculares, deficiência de ferro e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Conclusão: O tratamento com rHuEPO em diferentes doses e períodos pode potencializar o desempenho físico de humanos, em virtude dos diferentes efeitos gerados, incluindo aumento no transporte de O2, redução das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo, aumento das concentrações de ácidos graxos livres no sangue e do glicogênio muscular. Objetivo: Discutir los resultados relativos a los efectos del uso de la eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rHuEPO), sobre el rendimiento físico, así como los efectos adversos de su uso, así como la relación de los resultados de estudios experimentales y clínicos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos publicados en revistas incluidas en PubMed y SciELO, en el período de 1985-2013, usando las siguientes palabras clave: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados: Todos los artículos (n = 10), en relación con la influencia del tratamiento con rHuEPO en el rendimiento deportivo, mostraron una mejoría en las variables de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) y el tiempo hasta el agotamiento en seres humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosis, que oscilan desde 50-60 UI/kg en las primeras semanas con reducción progresiva durante el tratamiento. Entre los efectos adversos más frecuentes se encuentran los accidentes vasculares trombóticos, la ferropenia y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusión: El tratamiento con dosis de rHuEPO y en diferentes períodos puede mejorar el rendimiento físico en los seres humanos, debido a los diferentes efectos generados, incluyendo el aumento del transporte de O2, la reducción de las concentraciones de lactato en sangre, aumento de las concentraciones de ácidos grasos libres en la sangre y glucógeno muscular. Objective: Discuss the influence of rHuEPO on physical performance, as well as the adverse effects of this practice, exposing results from experimental and clinical studies. Methods: Were selected articles published in the basis, PubMed and SciELO databases, in the period 1985-2013, using the following keywords eritropoetina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Results: All articles (n = 10) related to the influence of treatment with rHuEPO on sports performance, found improvement in the variables of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion in humans, using different protocols dosages between 50 to 60 IU/kg during the first weeks with reduced throughout treatment. Among the most common adverse effects are the thrombovascular accidents, iron deficiency and hypertension. Conclusion: Treatment with rHuEPO doses and at different periods, can enhance physical performance in humans, because of the different generated effects, including increased O2 transport, reduction of blood lactate concentrations, increased concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood and muscle glycogen.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis causas da não-adesão da mulher, entre 20 e 35 anos, acerca da prática de esportes tradicionais com bola como forma de lazer ( futebol, basquete, voleibol, handebol). O método utilizado foi o estudo exploratório do tipo Survey, através da entrevista pessoal junto a 140 mulheres, dentre seis shopping centers da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o bairro de Copacabana. O instrumento utilizado na coleta de dados foi o questionário, aplicado através de entrevistas junto ao sujeito ao qual era solicitado que após ler as 21 questões abordadas indicasse, em ordem decrescente de importância, as seis causas mais relevantes à sua não adesão, em cada um dos locais visitados para, posteriormente, identificar as três causas mais incidentes.

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH2O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure ≤30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01374022

Venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), presents myotoxic and neurotoxic outcomes, but reports on its effects on the liver are scarce. This study examined the hepatotoxicity resulting from Cdt venom administration (100, 200 and 300 µg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Animals were studies at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after venom injection. The hepatotoxicity was assessed through serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirrubin and also by histopathological evaluation. All the different concentrations of Cdt venom resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, when compared with the control group, except for the 100 µg/kg dose, which presented normal levels at 9 and 12 hours after venom administration. Bilirrubin levels remained unchanged by Cdt venom. Histological analysis revealed endothelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as sinusoidal and portal congestion. Based on these observations, we may conclude that Cdt venom causes dose- and time-dependent hepatic damage in rats, characterized by elevated hepatic enzyme levels and histological alterations.

The bioavailability of 2 atenolol tablet formulations (Angipress from Laboratórios Biosintética, and Atenol from Wellcome ICI Laboratory, Brazil) were compared in 18 healthy male volunteers who received a single 50 mg dose of each atenolol formulation. The study was conducted following an open randomized 2-period crossover design with a 14-day washout interval between doses. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour interval and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. From the plasma atenolol concentration vs time curves the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUC(zero-24) (area under the concentration vs time curves from 0-24 h), ke (terminal elimination constant), t1/2 (terminal first order elimination half-life), AUC (area under the concentration vs time curves extrapolated to infinity), Cmax (maximum achieved concentration), Tmax (time to achieve Cmax) and Cmax/AUC. All these variables were analyzed using both parametric and nonparametric statistics. Geometric mean Angipress/Atenol individual percent ratios were 99.6% for AUC(zero-24), 99.7% for AUC, 98.0% for Cmax, 102.8% for t1/2, 97.2% for ke and 97.8% for Cmax/AUC, with all their 90% confidence intervals within the bioequivalence range 80-125%, thus showing similar patterns of absorption and disposition. Arithmetic mean for individual Tmax differences was 0.8 h, and the 90% confidence interval did not include the zero value. Based on these results and in accordance with the European Union and the US Food and Drug Administration bioequivalence requirements we conclude that both atenolol formulations are bioequivalent for both the extent and the rate of absorption.

The bioavailability of a single dose of a potassium diclofenac (KDIC) suspension (Flogan, Merck, 7ml, 105 mg) was studied in 13 healthy male volunteers in the fasting state (placebo phase, PLA), after gastric acid secretion blockade (subacute pretreatment with omeprazole, OME phase) and after food intake (FOOD phase). A 14-day washout period between phases was adopted. Serum samples were obtained over a 24 hour interval and the diclofenac concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. From the serum diclofenac concentration vs time curves, the AUC[0-infinity] (area under the concentration vs time curves from 0 to infinity), Cmax (maximum achieved concentration), tmax (time to achieve Cmax), Ke (terminal first order elimination constant), half-life values (t1/2) and AUC[0-infinity]/t1/2 ratio as an index of diclofenac clearance, were obtained. All these variables were analyzed using both parametric and non-parametric statistics. In the presence of food, KDIC absorption was delayed (as shown by lower Cmax and greater tmax values) and decreased (as shown by lower AUC[0-infinity] values), and the serum diclofenac concentration vs time curves showed a biphasic pattern. Omeprazole pretreatment did not change the absorption parameters. Both of these treatments altered the diclofenac clearance, as assessed by the AUC[0-infinity]/t1/2, t1/2 and Ke values, although the changes were not considered to be clinically significant, because of the wide therapeutic range for diclofenac. The delay in the rate of diclofenac absorption produced by food intake was not due to an increase in the gastric pH, and could be of particular importance when rapid analgesia is desired.