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For biomedical purposes, the 316L stainless steel has been used due to its high mechanical strength and its biotolerability by the human body. Its porosity allows the growth of living tissue within the implant, which improves fixation to hard tissues. Porous 316L stainless steel specimens were produced by powder metallurgy with controlled porosity by the addition of different polyethylene waxes granulometries (50 and 100 mm) and concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0%). The elastic modulus, porous morphologies and densities of the steel samples were determined. Thus, the densities and the elastic modulus were evaluated statistically through Tukey’s test. The results showed that the porosity increases proportionally to polyethylene wax concentration, but the elastic modulus decreases. The Tukey’s Test showed that there are no significant differences in most samples using the two waxes at most concentrations. Range values of 1.89 to 1.51 GPa using wax with 50 mm, and 1.72 to 1.19 GPa were respectively obtained using 100 mm particle size. The highest pore size (45 mm) and the lowest elastic modulus (1.19 GPa) were obtained by use of 4.0% of wax.

Resumo: Esse estudo tem como objetivo levantar e caracterizar casos de meningite em paciente no estado do Ceará, no período de 2018 a 2022. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico com levantamento de dados secundários por meio de consulta ao site do SINAN com a recuperação de informações sobre os casos notificados de meningite no estado do Ceará no período de 2018 a 2022. As variáveis estudadas foram: ano de notificação, trimestre, grupo étnico, sexo, critério de confirmação, etiologia e evolução). Este estudo é regido pela resolução n° 510/2016 do conselho nacional de saúde na qual descreve que pesquisas com dados secundários não necessitam aprovação em comitê de ética. Os resultados demonstram que foram notificados 1425 casos de meningite no estado do Ceará durante o período de estudo nas quais 37% (520/1425) tiveram classificação etiologia de meningite viral. Em relação aos anos foi possível observar que ano de 2019 37% (529/1425) teve maior número de casos confirmados e o mês de março foi que teve casos confirmados entre 2018 a 2022. Além disso, o grupo mais os grupos mais atingidos foram indivíduos do sexo masculino 65% (927/1425), e grupo étnico sugerem que 95% (1358/1425) da população parda são acometidos pela doença. No que se refere ao diagnóstico da doença o quimiocitológico foi mais aplicado com 60% (849/1425). Observou-se que 77 % (1099/1425) evoluíram para cura e alta. De acordo com análise e interpretação dos dados pode-se concluir que ano de 2019 teve maior número de casos confirmados, verificou-se maior taxa para meningite viral, sendo mais acometidos no sexo masculino e no grupo étnico considerada parda. Em relação ao critério de confirmação o mais utilizado foi o quimiocitológico As meningite cursaram uma boa evolução com a maioria evoluindo para cura. O presente estudo revelou a necessidade de campanhas e medidas preventivas.

Introdução: O centro cirúrgico é um ambiente hospitalar em que são realizados procedimentos anestésicos cirúrgicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos, tanto de forma eletiva, como de emergência. Contudo, esse cenário apresenta uma atividade específica para assistência em saúde, em função do atendimento a uma variedade de situações e realizações de internações invasivas que requerem o uso de tecnologia de alta precisão. Portanto a segurança do paciente no centro cirúrgico é de responsabilidade de todos os profissionais que nele atuam, devendo ser implantada cultura de segurança. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas acerca da cultura de segurança do paciente no ambiente de centro cirúrgico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada com busca nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Bdenf a partir do cruzamento dos descritores em ciências da saúde: segurança do paciente, cultura de segurança, centro cirúrgico utilizando o operador booleano AND, no período de julho á agosto de 2022. Selecionando-se para o estudo seis (06) artigos. Resultados: Os estudos permitiram destacar que a segurança do paciente está intimamente relacionada à promoção da cultura de segurança do paciente por meio de sua instituição por gestores de unidades dentre elas o centro cirúrgico. Considerando que a por meio da avaliação situacional é possível conhecer as potencialidades e limitações da segurança do paciente nos ambientes de centro cirúrgico. Tendo os dados obtidos através de avaliações das dimensões da cultura de segurança do paciente por meio de questionários. Conclusão: Portanto a o estudo contribui para a o fortalecimento da promoção da cultura de segurança do paciente, visto que os resultados elencados nos fornecem dados sobre a ausência de cultura de segurança efetiva nos ambientes de centro cirúrgico.

Diatoms usually dominate microphytobenthic biofilms in coastal and estuarine intertidal environments. Yet, functional studies on biofilms often skip species analysis because benthic diatoms are notoriously difficult to extract from sediments and challenging to identify at that taxonomic level. Valid, less time-consuming alternatives would surely be welcomed and increase the inclusion of community structure information in microphytobenthos (MPB) ecophysiological studies. Starting with an original 181-species abundances matrix (OSM), obtained during a 2-year spatial–temporal survey in a Tagus Estuary intertidal flat with contrasting sediment textures, the current study assessed the effectiveness of several approaches to species abundances analysis. The effect of excluding abundance data or rare species, the influence of taxonomic resolution, or the use of size-based metrics on biotic multivariate patterns was examined by an objective comparison that replicated these different approaches on three different levels: (1) inter-matrix correlations, (2) performance in several non-parametric multivariate analyses (ANOSIM, MDS), and (3) correlations with the environmental dataset. When compared with the OSM, all matrices had strong or very strong positive correlations. All discriminated successfully spatial patterns, separating well assemblages from sandy and muddy sediments, and all had significant correlations with the environmental dataset. Apart from the relative biovolume species matrix (BSM), only the species matrices were able to discriminate significantly temporal patterns. The exclusion of the rarest species (48% of total) had a negligible effect, with the common and original species abundances matrices having a ρ > 0.99 correlation. Of the alternative approaches to species abundances, species presence/absence and the genera abundances matrices yielded the best results overall. Genera presence/absence and the size-class matrices had intermediate performances, with the former performing comparatively poorly with regard to seasonal patterns. BSM had the lowest correlation with the environmental variable dataset (ρ = 0.598) and the worst overall performance in the other multivariate routines. This means that either a high-taxonomic resolution qualitative analysis (i.e. species presence/absence) or, in alternatively, a genus-level analysis retaining abundance data may be sufficient to describe basic spatial differences in estuarine intertidal flats. However, if seasonal variations in mudflat diatom assemblage structure are to be detected, species-level abundance data are still necessary.

In order to establish the ecological status of water bodies, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based on the evaluation of a number of biological quality elements, as well as physical parameters supporting the biology. In estuaries, phytoplankton monitoring was not considered relevant because of the high turbidity characterizing the large metropolitan estuaries and the French overseas departments (Guyana). This work is part of a study titled “Évaluation de l’état écologique des masses d’eau de transition dans le cadre de la DCE - Étude de la pertinence du suivi des peuplements du microphytobenthos estuarien” and funded by the Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), that is currently ongoing, and is considering the possibility of using the microphytobenthos (MPB) as a biological indicator of the ecological status of estuaries and other transitional waters. Microphytobenthos assemblages are usually dominated by diatoms in temperate estuarine intertidal areas. In this iconographic atlas, the diatoms found in 29 samples from 3 intertidal mudflats of the Loire estuary and collected during two field campaigns (Spring and Autumn 2016) are illustrated and identified. The atlas has 602 LM photographs of 359 different taxa and stands as one of the most complete and detailed illustrated descriptions of these communities in French estuaries. Of the 359 taxa, 285 were identified to the species level, whilst 74 were identified to the genus level. The main aims of the atlas are to become a reference work for the Loire estuary, but also to become a useful identification guide for other French estuaries, given the lack of easily accessible and illustrated taxonomic works on intertidal diatoms. For each taxon additional information is given, namely: 1) spatiotemporal distribution; 2) OMNIDIA four-letter code and s and v values for the IPS index (Indice de Polluosensibilité Spécifique); 3) morphometric data gathered from measurements made on 1142 valves and frustules; 4) autecological information (i.e. salinity preferences, habitat and growth-form). A succinct site description is provided, as well as, detailed protocols on microphytobenthos extraction and slide preparation that were specifically adapted for these sediment-dwelling diatom assemblages.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Química apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Este projeto foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estabelecer dois métodos analíticos, na área do controlo de qualidade de águas, capazes de quantificar dois pesticidas e três tipos de microcistinas, respetivamente, em amostras compostas em diferentes matrizes. Deste modo, este trabalho teve como base o estudo de validação dos métodos referidos, por SPE-UPLC-MS/MS, onde foram avaliados em vários parâmetros como precisão, exatidão, seletividade, linearidade, limites de quantificação e taxas de recuperação. Foi possível obter várias curvas de calibração de forma a avaliar a resposta do equipamento, seguidos dos ensaios em regime de repetibilidade com leituras de padrões para os pesticidas e microcistinas. Foi validado o uso da extração em fase sólida tanto para as microcistinas como para os pesticidas. Elaborou-se um procedimento de tratamento de amostra para a análise de microcistinas, sendo este procedimento utilizado para estudar as taxas de recuperação para as diferentes matrizes de forma a poder estipular-se o limite de quantificação respetivo. Por último, foram efetuadas leituras em regime de repetibilidade de amostras fortificadas tanto para as microcistinas como para os pesticidas. Relativamente ao estudo de desempenho, foi realizado um ensaio interlaboratorial associado aos pesticidas, revelando um resultado bastante satisfatório. Com utilização de procedimentos estatísticos, foi possível validar os métodos em estudo, com a finalidade de os sujeitar ao processo de acreditação. O limite de quantificação obtido para todos os analitos cumprem com a legislação em vigor. Para as MC-LR e MC-RR, conseguiu-se obter um limite de quantificação em conformidade com o decreto-lei 152/2017 de 7 de Dezembro, enquanto que, para os restantes analitos, será necessário minorar o limite referido de forma a cumprir o decreto-lei anteriormente referido. This project was developed with the goal of establishing two analytical methods, related to quality control of waters, able to quantify two pesticides and three types of microcystins, respectively, in samples with different matrix. At this way, this work was made using validation study by methodology based on SPE-UPLC-MS/MS, where precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification and spike recovery were evaluated. It was possible to do several calibration curves in order to evaluate the instrumental response, followed by elaboration of assays with the goal of study the repetibility with standards os pesticides and microcystins. It was validated the use of solid phase extraction for both compounds. It was elaborated an analytical procedure of sample treatment in order to analyse microcystins, which procedure was necessary to evaluate spike recovery for different matrix and, consequently, obtain the method's quantification limit. Finally, it was evaluated several assays to study repetibility with spiked samples for microcystins and pesticides. Associated to the performance's study, it was carried out a proficiency test, in which result showed good performance. With statistical procedures, it was possible the validation of all methods, with the main reason to apply them to accreditation process. The quantification limit obtained for all compounds in conformity with the legal regulations. For the compounds MC-LR and MC-RR, it was able to obtain a quantification limit in accordance with the decree 152/2017 from 7th December, contrary to other compounds, it will be necessary to reduce the mentioned limit in order to fulfill the abovementioned decree.

Assessing the ecological status of transitional water bodies under the WFD: study on the relevance of monitoring estuarine microphytobenthos communities as bio-indicator. Final report 2018.  Abstract In order to establish the ecological status of water bodies, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based on the evaluation of a number of biological quality elements, as well as physical parameters supporting the biology. In estuaries, phytoplankton monitoring was not considered relevant because of the high turbidity characterizing the large metropolitan estuaries and the French overseas departments (Guyana). In this work, we considered the possibility of using microphytobenthos (MPB) as a biological indicator of the ecological status of estuaries. This activity report summarizes the actions undertaken in 2017 under an AFB / Université de Nantes convention, which is structured around two main axes: the first axis is based on the analysis of the composition of MPB assemblages, and involves studying changes in MPB structure along disturbance gradients to develop a bioindicator. Assemblages are collected using micro-scale cores along transects positioned in the poly-haline portion of an estuary. This report summarizes the main results obtained during the field campaigns undertaken on the Loire estuary in the spring and autumn of 2016. The MPB diversity analysis are supplemented by measurements of biotic variables (meiofauna, macrofauna) and abiotics (PAHs, heavy metals, nutrients). This first axis also includes the development of a historical database based on the collections of Tempère and Peragallo, published between 1889 and 1915, as well as on the atlas of benthic marine diatoms of the French coastlines of Peragallo & Peragallo (1897- 1908). The database was completed in 2017 with more recent data from publications, dissertations, and reports. The second axis corresponds to a macro-scale study on the analysis of spatial distribution and biomass of MPB at the scale of an entire estuary by remote sensing. The objective is to develop a metric derived from data collected at macroscale. We began to develop the method for the Loire estuary while considering the possibility of applying it to the 42 estuaries and bays identified as transitional waters in metropolitan France. For this, we estimated the potential of different multispectral sensors to map microphytobenthos for estuaries of varying size, taking into account their spatial and spectral resolution. 351 taxa have been identified and grouped into different life forms. Benthic species are the majority, but a significant contribution of freshwater phytoplankton is observed in the spring. Among the benthic forms, the diatom assemblages of the Loire estuary are dominated by epipelic life forms. They are large mobile diatoms that can move freely between sediment particles and form biofilms. Results of multivariate analyzes between diatom communities and different forms of natural and anthropogenic pressures show that communities responded to pressures. However, anthropogenic pressures had a smaller effect than natural variability, due to differences in salinity and temperature. The level of contamination at all three sites and along the transects was not as high as expected. A co-inertia analysis confirmed that the different forms of pressure appeared only behind the natural forcings that accounted for the largest percentage of model variance. The application of the indices developed for rivers such as the Index of Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS) was tested with the OMNIDIA software. All samples were of poor ecological status. However, this ranking was mainly due to the halophilic nature of the species, which naturally withstand high salinities in the estuary, whereas for streams, species which withstand strong conductivities, are considered indicative of impacted environment. A more promising approach would be to develop a method similar to the reference species approach, where the cumulative frequency of reference condition indicator species determines the water quality of the site (Kelly, 2013). However, the pollution tolerances of estuarine and coastal diatom species are poorly known. Thus a general list of tolerant species should be compiled and we believe that the development of the historical database produced in our study, as well as the current lists of diatom species (Annexes 4 and 5) are important first steps. One of the deliverables of this work is the historical database of benthic diatoms in mainland France produced under the ACCESS software. It must be completed by a hundred modern bibliographic references currently entered on an EXCEL file. For the macro-scale approach, we have created time-series of NDVI over a period of 17 years, starting in 2000, using MODIS images. The important information is that enough data could be recovered to be able to apply the Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) time-series analysis method (Hernández-Fariñas et al., 2013). The MPB of the Loire could then be related to the variations of nitrates and phosphates, with a decrease in NDVI since 2000, as for phytoplankton. The NDVI which estimates the biomass of the MPB of a whole body of water thus responds to a form of pressure: the nutrient concentration. This is a first step towards the development of a 90-percentile DCE-compatible metric. However, the MODIS sensor does not allow small estuaries to be observed. This sensor nevertheless has important advantages: free images, integrated atmospheric corrections, archive data available since 2000. The intersensor comparison exercise has highlighted the interest of Sentinel 2 to observe the 42 METs of metropolitan France. Finally, we propose a series of recommendations to optimize the sampling and reduce the sources of variability. &nbsp

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2017 Exame público realizado em 17 de Janeiro de 2018 Habitamos um mundo em que cada vez mais as diferenças entre culturas, povos e países tendem a esbater-se. Como resultado desta inevitabilidade, assistimos constantemente à contaminação de hábitos em prol de uma sociedade mundial uniforme, culminando na perda de identidade e de pertença entre pessoas e seus lugares. Nesta dissertação, pretendemos perceber qual o papel da arquitetura neste panorama. Como se tem comportado ao longo da história e qual a viabilidade de uma resposta atual e eficaz na preservação da individualidade dos lugares, sem que com isso se perca as virtudes de um futuro tecnologicamente evoluído e preocupado com a sustentabilidade dos nossos atos. Encaramos por isso a viabilidade de uma arquitetura capaz potenciar o desenvolvimento territorial. Com a intenção de relacionar estes assuntos, aprofundamos o estudo do regionalismo em arquitetura em função da apresentação de dois arquitetos cujo trabalho contribui positivamente para uma perspetiva atual destas matérias. We inhabit a world in which more and more the differences between cultures, peoples and countries tend to fade. As a result of this almost inevitability, we constantly witness to the contamination of habits towards a uniform world society, culminating in the loss of identity and belonging between people and their places. In this dissertation we intend to understand the role of architecture in this panorama. How has it behaved throughout history and what is the feasibility of a current and effective response in preserving the individuality of places, without losing the virtues of a technologically advanced future and concerned with the sustainability of our actions. We therefore consider the feasibility of an architecture capable of fostering territorial development. With the intention of relating these subjects, we deepen the study of regionalism in architecture in function of the presentation of two architects whose work contributes positively to a current perspective of these subjects.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, O presente relatório reflete sobre os contributos da educação artística no desenvolvimento das aprendizagens das crianças dos contextos de pré-escolar e 1º ciclo. Este relatório fundamentase em dois projetos de intervenção pedagógica que tiveram como base a metodologia de Investigação-Ação. O denominador comum entre ambos os estágios foi o desenvolvimento de projetos no âmbito da educação artística. A partir das Artes Visuais e da Educação e Expressão Plástica pretendeu-se articular todas as áreas do currículo. O presente relatório está estruturado em três partes. A primeira parte reflete sobre a importância da arte através de um referencial teórico que terá como objetivo fundamentar a intencionalidade educativa e pedagógica. Na segunda parte contextualiza-se a abordagem da Educação Artística em dois estágios e respetivos estágios tanto ao nível do pré-escolar como ao nível do 1º ciclo, bem como analisados e avaliados dados retirados de intervenções. Na terceira e última parte são apresentadas as conclusões finais, que são a avaliação da concretização dos objetivos propostos com os projetos de intervenção pedagógica e da minha intervenção como estagiária nos contextos, existindo uma reflexão sobre o percurso e as aprendizagens efetuadas durante o período de estágio., This report reflects about the contribution of the artistic education in the development of the children’s learning in the contexts of preschool and Elementary school. This document is based on two projects of pedagogical intervention that had as basis the methodology action-research. The common denominator between both internships was the development of projects in the scope of artistic education. Taking the Visual Arts and Education and Plastic Expression as the basis, the goal was to articulate them with all of the remaining areas of the curriculum. This training report is structured in three parts. The first part reflects about the importance of art through a theoretical benchmark that justifies the educational and pedagogical intent. On the second part it is contextualized the approach to Artistic Education in two internships related to both preschool and elementary school, as well as analyzed and evaluated data taken from the interventions. On the third and last part are presented the final conclusions: the evaluation of the implementation of the objectives imposed by the pedagogical intervention projects; my own intervention as an internship student; and, finally, a reflection about the path and learning carried out during the internship.

In order to establish the ecological status of water bodies, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based on the evaluation of a number of biological quality elements, as well as physical parameters supporting the biology. In estuaries, phytoplankton monitoring was not considered relevant because of the high turbidity characterizing the large metropolitan estuaries and the French overseas departments (Guyana). In this work, we considered the possibility of using microphytobenthos (MPB) as a biological indicator of the ecological status of estuaries. This activity report summarizes the actions undertaken in 2017 under an AFB / Université de Nantes convention, which is structured around two main axes: the first axis is based on the analysis of the composition of MPB assemblages, and involves studying changes in MPB structure along disturbance gradients to develop a bioindicator. Assemblages are collected using micro-scale cores along transects positioned in the poly-haline portion of an estuary. This report summarizes the main results obtained during the field campaigns undertaken on the Loire estuary in the spring and autumn of 2016. The MPB diversity analysis are supplemented by measurements of biotic variables (meiofauna, macrofauna) and abiotics (PAHs, heavy metals, nutrients). This first axis also includes the development of a historical database based on the collections of Tempère and Peragallo, published between 1889 and 1915, as well as on the atlas of benthic marine diatoms of the French coastlines of Peragallo & Peragallo (1897- 1908). The database was completed in 2017 with more recent data from publications, dissertations, and reports. The second axis corresponds to a macro-scale study on the analysis of spatial distribution and biomass of MPB at the scale of an entire estuary by remote sensing. The objective is to develop a metric derived from data collected at macroscale. We began to develop the method for the Loire estuary while considering the possibility of applying it to the 42 estuaries and bays identified as transitional waters in metropolitan France. For this, we estimated the potential of different multispectral sensors to map microphytobenthos for estuaries of varying size, taking into account their spatial and spectral resolution. 351 taxa have been identified and grouped into different life forms. Benthic species are the majority, but a significant contribution of freshwater phytoplankton is observed in the spring. Among the benthic forms, the diatom assemblages of the Loire estuary are dominated by epipelic life forms. They are large mobile diatoms that can move freely between sediment particles and form biofilms. Results of multivariate analyzes between diatom communities and different forms of natural and anthropogenic pressures show that communities responded to pressures. However, anthropogenic pressures had a smaller effect than natural variability, due to differences in salinity and temperature. The level of contamination at all three sites and along the transects was not as high as expected. A co-inertia analysis confirmed that the different forms of pressure appeared only behind the natural forcings that accounted for the largest percentage of model variance. The application of the indices developed for rivers such as the Index of Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS) was tested with the OMNIDIA software. All samples were of poor ecological status. However, this ranking was mainly due to the halophilic nature of the species, which naturally withstand high salinities in the estuary, whereas for streams, species which withstand strong conductivities, are considered indicative of impacted environment. A more promising approach would be to develop a method similar to the reference species approach, where the cumulative frequency of reference condition indicator species determines the water quality of the site (Kelly, 2013). However, the pollution tolerances of estuarine and coastal diatom species are poorly known. Thus a general list of tolerant species should be compiled and we believe that the development of the historical database produced in our study, as well as the current lists of diatom species (Annexes 4 and 5) are important first steps. One of the deliverables of this work is the historical database of benthic diatoms in mainland France produced under the ACCESS software. It must be completed by a hundred modern bibliographic references currently entered on an EXCEL file. For the macro-scale approach, we have created time-series of NDVI over a period of 17 years, starting in 2000, using MODIS images. The important information is that enough data could be recovered to be able to apply the Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) time-series analysis method (Hernández-Fariñas et al., 2013). The MPB of the Loire could then be related to the variations of nitrates and phosphates, with a decrease in NDVI since 2000, as for phytoplankton. The NDVI which estimates the biomass of the MPB of a whole body of water thus responds to a form of pressure: the nutrient concentration. This is a first step towards the development of a 90-percentile DCE-compatible metric. However, the MODIS sensor does not allow small estuaries to be observed. This sensor nevertheless has important advantages: free images, integrated atmospheric corrections, archive data available since 2000. The inter-sensor comparison exercise has highlighted the interest of Sentinel 2 to observe the 42 METs of metropolitan France. Finally, we propose a series of recommendations to optimize the sampling and reduce the sources of variability., Afin d’établir l’état écologique des masses d’eau, la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l’Eau (DCE) s’appuie sur l’évaluation d’un certain nombre d’éléments de qualité biologique, ainsi que des paramètres physico‐chimiques soutenant la biologie. Le suivi du phytoplancton n'étant pas jugé pertinent du fait de la forte turbidité caractérisant les grands estuaires de métropole et des DOM (Guyane), il est apparu comme pertinent d’étudier la possibilité d’utiliser les peuplements du microphytobenthos (MPB) en tant qu’indicateur biologique de l’état écologique des estuaires. Ce rapport d’activité effectue la synthèse finale du projet qui s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une convention AFB/Université de Nantes. Il s’articule principalement autour de deux axes : le premier axe repose sur l’analyse de la composition spécifique du MPB, et consiste à étudier les variations de la structure des peuplements le long de gradients de perturbation, pour développer un bio-indicateur. Les peuplements sont prélevés à l’aide de carottes à micro-échelle, le long de transects positionnés dans la partie poly-haline d’un estuaire. Ce rapport synthétise les principaux résultats obtenus lors des campagnes de terrain engagées sur l’estuaire de la Loire au printemps et à l’automne de l’année 2016. Les mesures de diversité du MPB sont complétées par des mesures de variables biotiques (méïofaune, macrofaune) et abiotiques (HAP, métaux lourds, nutriments). Ce premier axe comprend également l’élaboration d’une base de données historiques reposant sur les collections de Tempère et Peragallo, publiées entre 1889 et 1915, ainsi que sur l’atlas des diatomées marines benthiques des littoraux français de Peragallo & Peragallo (1897-1908). La base de données a été complétée en 2017 par des données plus récentes issues de publications, de thèse et de rapports. Le second axe correspond à une étude à macroéchelle portant sur l’analyse de la distribution spatiale et de la biomasse de MPB à l’échelle de tout un estuaire par télédétection. L’objectif est de développer des métriques issues de données mesurées à macroéchelle. Nous avons commencé à développer la méthode pour l’estuaire de la Loire tout en considérant la possibilité de l’appliquer aux 42 estuaires et baies identifiées comme des masses d’eaux de transition en France métropolitaine. Pour cela, nous avons estimé le potentiel de différents capteurs multispectraux pour cartographier les peuplements du microphytobenthos pour des estuaires de tailles variables, en tenant compte de leur résolution spatiale et spectrale. Enfin, nous proposons une série de préconisations pour optimiser l’échantillonnage et réduire les sources de variabilité.

The refractory metals and their alloys show excellent mechanical behavior in high temperatures and high resistance to corrosion and to wear and good thermal conductivity. The metals that constitute this group are, traditionally, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and niobium. Niobium (Nb) is a metal with 2468°C melting point, density 8.57 g/cm3 and CCC crystalline structure, is characterized by its excellent ductility and reasonable mechanical resistance in high temperatures. Due to these properties, o Nb is applied in chemical, nuclear and electrical industry and in the superconductor wire production. One of the processes used in niobium plastic deformation is the swage that consists in one direct deformation process, which can be done at hot or cold temperature, used to modify the transversal section area of bars, tubes and wires. The microstructure evolution during a plastic deformation is very important in the relation of deformation mechanism, mechanical property and texture formation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical behavior of metal cold rotary forging – swage using the techniques of Scanning Electronic Microscopic – SEM e microhardeness Vickers. Metallographic analysis of the microstructure of Nb after deformation of 96.4%, shows a distorted shape called "ripple". The Vickers microhardeness results indicate that there is a gradual increase in the microhardness of Nb up to 80% reduction in area taking place stabilization after this value. It may be noted that in both directions, the center of sample had higher hardness values

The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), is the main bivalve species cultivated in the world. With global warming enabling its reproduction and larval survival at higher latitudes, this species is now recognized as invasive and creates wild oyster reefs globally. In this study, the spatial distribution of photosynthetic assemblages colonizing the shells of wild C. gigas was investigated on both a large scale (two contrasting types of reefs found in mudflats and rocky areas) and a small scale (within individual shells) using a hyperspectral imager. The microspatial distribution of all phototrophs was obtained by mapping the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Second derivative (δδ) analyses of hyperspectral images at 462, 524, 571 and 647 nm were subsequently applied to map diatoms, cyanobacteria, rhodophytes and chlorophytes, respectively. A concomitant pigment analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography and completed by taxonomic observations. This study showed that there was high microalgal diversity associated with wild oyster shells and that there were differences in the structure of the phototropic assemblages depending on the type of reef. Namely, vertically-growing oysters in mudflat areas had a higher biomass of epizoic diatoms (hyperspectral proxy at δδ462 nm) and were mainly colonized by species of the genera Navicula, Nitzschia and Hippodonta, which are epipelic or motile epipsammic. The assemblages on the horizontal oysters contained more tychoplanktonic diatoms (e.g. Thalassiosira pseudonana, T. proschkinae and Plagiogrammopsis vanheurckii). Three species of boring cyanobacteria were observed for both types of reef: Mastigocoleus testarum, Leptolyngbya terrebrans, and Hyella caespistosa, but the second derivative analysis at 524 nm showed a significantly higher biomass for the horizontally-growing oysters. There was no biomass difference for the boring chlorophyte assemblages (δδ647 nm), with two species: Eugomontia testarum and Ostreobium quekettii observed for both types of reef. This study shows that oyster shells are an idiosyncratic but ubiquitous habitat for phototrophic assemblages. The contribution of these assemblages in terms of biomass and production to the functioning of coastal areas, and particularly to shellfish ecosystems, remains to be evaluated.

A hemipelvectomia interna é um procedimento cirúrgico adequado no tratamento de certos tumores de cintura pélvica. É uma alternativa terapêutica capaz de preservar o membro inferior do paciente, ao contrário das amputações clássicas como a amputação interilioabdominal (AIIA) e desarticulação coxofemoral. De acordo com a classificação de Enneking, existem quatro tipos de hemipelvectomia interna, mas, se for necessário, é possível a associação de diferentes tipos de ressecção em um único procedimento. É fundamental que esta cirurgia seja indicada de forma correta para que interfira positivamente na morbimortalidade e qualidade de vida do paciente. Relatamos oito casos de hemipelvectomia interna em pacientes diagnosticados com tumores de cintura pélvica, bem como os tipos de tratamento neoadjuvantes e adjuvantes a que eles foram submetidos e o follow-up dos mesmos. Internal hemipelvectomy is a surgical procedure adequate for treatment of certain tumors of the pelvic girdle. Being a lower limb-preserving approach, it is a therapeutic alternative to the classical interilioabdominal amputation and hip joint disarticulation. According to Enneking`s classification, there are four types of internal hemipelvectomies, although the association of different types of resection in the same procedure is feasible if necesary. This surgical approach should be correctly indicated to positively affect the patient`s morbidity, mortality and quality of life. We report eight cases of internal hemipelvectomy in patients diagnosed with tumors of the pelvic girdle. We also discuss the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments used, along with their follow-up.

Internal hemipelvectomy is a surgical procedure adequate for treatment of certain tumors of the pelvic girdle. Being a lower limb-preserving approach, it is a therapeutic alternative to the classical interilioabdominal amputation and hip joint disarticulation. According to Enneking's classification, there are four types of internal hemipelvectomies, although the association of different types of resection in the same procedure is feasible if necesary. This surgical approach should be correctly indicated to positively affect the patient's morbidity, mortality and quality of life. We report eight cases of internal hemipelvectomy in patients diagnosed with tumors of the pelvic girdle. We also discuss the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments used, along with their follow-up.